The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimizati...The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimization problem.Currently,a comprehensive framework for the structural design and optimization of compound balanced BPUs is lacking.Therefore,this study proposes a novel structural design scheme for BPUs,aiming to meet the practical needs of designers and operators by sequentially optimizing both the dynamic characteristics and balance properties of the BPUs.A dynamic model of compound balanced BPU was established based on D'Alembert's principle.The constraints for structural dimensions were formulated based on the actual operational requirements and design experience with BPUs.To optimize the structure,three algorithms were employed:the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,the genetic algorithm(GA),and the gray wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm.Each newly generated individuals are regulated by constraints to ensure the rationality of the outcomes.Furthermore,the integration of three algorithms ensures the increased likelihood of attaining the global optimal solution.The polished rod acceleration of the optimized structure is significantly reduced,and the dynamic characteristics of the up and down strokes are essentially symmetrical.Additionally,these three algorithms are also applied to the balance optimization of BPUs based on the measured dynamometer card.The calculation results demonstrate that the GWO-based optimization method exhibits excellent robustness in terms of structural optimization by enhancing the operational smoothness of the BPU,as well as in balance optimization by achieving energy conservation.By applying the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,the CYJW7-3-23HF type of BPU was designed,achieving a maximum polished rod acceleration of±0.675 m/s^(2) when operating at a stroke of 6 min^(−1).When deployed in two wells,the root-mean-square(RMS)torque was minimized,reaching values of 7.539 kN·m and 12.921 kN·m,respectively.The proposed design method not only contributes to the personalized customization but also improves the design efficiency of compound balanced BPUs.展开更多
Under the context of global warming,the mechanism of glacier shrinkage has become a central focus in cryospheric research.The Ányêmaqên Mountain is the most densely distributed glacier area in the sourc...Under the context of global warming,the mechanism of glacier shrinkage has become a central focus in cryospheric research.The Ányêmaqên Mountain is the most densely distributed glacier area in the source region of the Yellow River on the Tibetan Plateau,and it is highly sensitive to climate change.This study utilized the distributed Coupled Snowpack and Ice Energy and Mass Balance Model(COSIMA),integrating High Asia Refinement Analysis(HAR)data and meteorological station observations,to simulate spatiotemporal patterns of energy and mass balance for Ányêmaqên Mountain glaciers.The results demonstrated an annual glacier mass balance of-0.50 m w.e.from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023,with substantial mass loss(peaking at-5.4 m w.e.)observed in zones below 5300 m a.s.l.,notably the Halong,Weigeledangxiong,and Yehelong glaciers.The main energy sources for glacier melt were net shortwave radiation(79.38%),sensible heat flux(12.31%)and ground heat flux(8.30%).The main expenditure items of energy included net longwave radiation(67.05%),available heat for melt(14.97%)and latent heat flux(17.98%).Solid precipitation accounted for 95%of the accumulation of glacier mass balance,and melt-water refreezing accounted for 5.0%.Sensitivity experiments revealed that rising air temperatures and declining precipitation were the principal drivers of mass loss,with a 1 K temperature increase requiring a 20%annual precipitation increase to offset equivalent mass loss.The mass loss of glaciers was mainly caused by superimposed ice surface ablation and subsurface ablation.This study is an important reference for a deeper understanding of the glacier’s response to climate change in the source region of Yellow River.展开更多
Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have ...Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the t...Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To...BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.展开更多
[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of ...[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of Science,SPORTSDiscus,PsycINFO,SCOPUS,CINAHL)up to May 2025.Seventeen randomized controlled trials(RCTs;total n=1142)met inclusion criteria:adults with stroke,device-based HIIT(≥70%HRR/VO 2peak),and outcomes assessing VO 2peak,6-min walk distance(6MWD),or Berg Balance Scale(BBS).Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Pooled effect sizes(Hedges'g)were calculated via random-effects models,with heterogeneity quantified by I^(2).[Results]HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake(VO 2peak)versus controls(g=0.59,95%CI:0.44-0.75,p<0.001;I^(2)=16.29%).Low heterogeneity and symmetrical funnel plots supported robustness.HIIT also enhanced walking endurance(6MWD:g=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.48,p<0.01;I^(2)=30%).In contrast,no significant benefit was observed for balance function(BBS:g=0.07,95%CI:-0.13-0.26,p=0.50;I^(2)=0%).[Conclusions]HIIT is a safe and highly effective intervention for enhancing aerobic capacity and walking function post-stroke.Its benefits are maximized at higher intensities and longer durations but do not extend to balance improvement.Integrating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended to promote functional independence.展开更多
Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a signifi...Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield...Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.展开更多
IBI351,a synthetic compound,exerts its anti-tumor effects by specifically,covalently,and irreversibly modifying the 12th cysteine residue of KRAS G12C.However,the pharmacokinetic profile of IBI351 in humans has not ye...IBI351,a synthetic compound,exerts its anti-tumor effects by specifically,covalently,and irreversibly modifying the 12th cysteine residue of KRAS G12C.However,the pharmacokinetic profile of IBI351 in humans has not yet been reported.The current study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of IBI351 in healthy Chinese male subjects.A single oral dose of 600 mg combined with 150μCi[^(14)C]IBI351 was administered to six healthy male volunteers.Blood,urine,and fecal samples were collected at multiple time points to quantify the parent drug and its metabolites.IBI351 showed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and was well tolerated by all participants.Seventeen major metabolites were identified in plasma,urine,and feces.The main metabolic pathways included oxidation,hydrogenation,sulfonate conjugation,glucuronide conjugation,and cysteine conjugation.Excretion of IBI351 and its metabolites occurred mainly through feces.Collectively,this first-in-human study provides essential data on the metabolism and safety of IBI351 in Chinese subjects and lays the foundation for its further clinical development as a novel anti-tumor drug.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding whether pain reduction in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain(CNSLBP)following conservative interventions is related to correspondi...Purpose:The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding whether pain reduction in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain(CNSLBP)following conservative interventions is related to corresponding improvements in balance control.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were identified from 5 databases(MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,and PsycINFO).Two reviewers independently screened and identified relevant studies that investigated the effects of non-surgical or non-pharmacological CNSLBP treatments on both pain intensity and balance control.Meta-regression analyses were performed to establish the associations between post-treatment changes in these 2 variables.Results:Thirty one studies involving 1280 participants with CNSLBP were included.Moderate-quality evidence suggested that pain reduction was associated with and explained 34%-45%of decreases in body sway,as measured by center-of-pressure(CoP)area and CoP velocity with eyes open.However,no significant association was observed between pain reduction and CoP area or velocity in anteroposterior/mediolateral directions.Similarly,there was no significant association between pain reduction and CoP distance or radius.Low-quality evidence indicated that pain relief explained a 15%improvement in one-leg stance with eyes open but not in the eyes-closed condition.Additionally,very low-quality evidence suggested that pain relief explained a 44%decrease in the static anteroposterior stability index with eyes closed but not in the eyes-open,mediolateral,or overall conditions.Furthermore,low-quality evidence indicated that reduced pain was associated with and accounted for 25%-43%of the improved composite and posteromedial scores of the star-excursion balance test,rather than the anterior and posterolateral scores.Conclusion:Depending on the type of balance assessment,pain relief following conservative interventions may slightly to moderately enhance balance control in individuals with CNSLBP.Clinicians should pay close attention to the balance control in patients with CNSLBP,particularly among older adults.展开更多
Background Intestinal inflammation is a common and serious health problem in piglet production,especially enteritis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli).This condition often leads to high mortality,slow weigh...Background Intestinal inflammation is a common and serious health problem in piglet production,especially enteritis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli).This condition often leads to high mortality,slow weight gain,and significant economic losses.Results In this study,we isolated an E.coli strain,SKLAN202302,from the colon of diarrheal piglets to create an intestinal inflammation model for evaluating the protective effects of baicalin.Piglets infected with E.coli exhibited significant reductions in body weight,feed intake,small intestine length,and ileal goblet cell count(P<0.05),along with deteriorated ileal morphology.However,baicalin supplementation resulted in body weights,feed intake,and intestinal morphology similar to those of the control group.Notably,there was a significant increase in the colonization of Lactobacillus species,particularly Lactobacillus_reuteri,Lactobacillus_amylovorus,and Lactobacillus_johnii,compared to the E.coli group(P<0.05).At the metabolic and transcriptional levels,E.coli infection increased inflammatory mediators,including eicosanoids(leukotriene F4,prostaglandin F1a,leukotriene E4,thromboxane B2,prostaglandin G2,and PGH2),monosaccharides,and TCA cycle intermediates(oxoglutaric acid,glutaric acid,adipic acid,citric acid,and isocitric acid)in the ileum.It also promoted the expression of genes related to autoimmune diseases and the Th17 differentiation signaling pathway(CTLA4,IFN-ALPHA-8,IL12RB2,TRAV3,TRAV16,FOS,and VEGFA),as well as inflammatory factors.Conversely,baicalin supplementation not only counteracted these effects but also enhanced the presence of metabolites such as phospholipids[including lyso PC(P-18:1(9Z)/0:0),PC(17:0/0:0),lyso PC(16:1(9Z)/0:0),PC(18:0/0:0),lyso PC(18:0/0:0),PA(10:0/i-16:0),and PA(10:0/8:0)]and amino acids.It also regulated genes within the IL-17 signaling pathway(IL4,CCL17,CXCL10,IFNG,and CXCL2),suggesting a mechanism by which baicalin mitigates E.coli-induced intestinal and microbial disturbances.Subsequent flow cytometry analysis showed that E.coli infection increased the numbers of CD3+and Foxp3+cells,decreased IL-17A+cells,and reduced Th17/Treg ratios.Baicalin supplementation restored these parameters to control levels.Conclusions Baicalin supplementation effectively alleviates E.coli-induced intestinal inflammation and microbial disturbances in piglets by enhancing beneficial Lactobacillus colonization,counteracting inflammatory mediators,and regulating immune-related gene expression and the Th17/Treg balance.These findings highlight baicalin's potential in alleviating intestinal inflammation.展开更多
The thaw-freezing transition period is crucial to determine the initial sea ice status prior to the freezing season.The heat and mass balance at ice-ocean interface is the major driving process.In this study,we analyz...The thaw-freezing transition period is crucial to determine the initial sea ice status prior to the freezing season.The heat and mass balance at ice-ocean interface is the major driving process.In this study,we analyze heat fluxes profile through the ice from ice surface down to basal ice-ocean interface using the data measured by 11 thermistor stringbased ice mass balance buoys(IMBs)between September and December 2018 in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean.The conductive heat fluxes gradually decreased from surface downward through the lower ice layers due to the thermal inertia and energy storage in the brine pockets.At the ice bottom,the oceanic heat flux decreased from(5.9±1.3)W/m^(2)in mid-September to(1.8±0.8)W/m^(2)by the end of December in response to the decreasing of available absorbed solar radiation regulated by the latitude and sea ice concentration.The initial ice thicknesses can explain the onset of ice basal growth by 44.8%(R^(2)).From 15 September to the average onset of ice basal growth by 13 November,the accumulated heat fluxes released from the ice surface to the atmosphere,caused by the cooling of the ice layer,and from the ocean to the ice bottom were estimated as 25.73 MJ/m^(2),6.49 MJ/m^(2),and 20.30 MJ/m^(2),respectively.The latter two components mainly play the roles in buffering the onset of ice basal growth.展开更多
With the continuous growth of China's economy,financial opening to the outside world has become one of the important means to promote economic development.However,with the continuous acceleration of capital flow,t...With the continuous growth of China's economy,financial opening to the outside world has become one of the important means to promote economic development.However,with the continuous acceleration of capital flow,the problem of balance in and out is becoming increasingly prominent.Taking China's financial opening to the outside world as the research object,this paper discusses how China strategically achieves the balance of entry and exit in the field of financial opening to the outside world,and the impact of this balance.Through the quantitative analysis of China's financial opening to the outside world and foreign capital flows,it is found that China needs to strengthen the management of capital items and optimize the structure of capital flows in the process of financial opening to the outside world,to achieve the balance of financial flows in and out.As for the impact of the balance of access and access,the analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the financial opening and access and balance can improve the stability of the financial market,provide sufficient liquidity for the healthy development of the financial market,and alleviate financial risks.Such a strategy is of great practical significance for promoting the sustained and healthy development of China's economy.Therefore,based on the actual situation of China,this paper puts forward some relevant strategy suggestions to guide the practical operation of China's financial opening up.展开更多
Energetic compounds bearing the trinitromethyl group are garnering broad attraction as potential candidates for a new generation of high energy dense oxidizers.In this work,an effective dual modulation strategy involv...Energetic compounds bearing the trinitromethyl group are garnering broad attraction as potential candidates for a new generation of high energy dense oxidizers.In this work,an effective dual modulation strategy involving both molecular isomerization and crystal morphology control was employed to design and optimize trinitromethyl-oxadiazole with improved comprehensive performance.Utilizing this dual strategy,3,5-bis(trinitromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole(3)was synthesized,resulting in the formation of two distinct crystal morphologies(needle and sheet)corresponding to two crystal forms(3-a and3-b).Encouragingly,while maintaining ultra-high oxygen balance(21.73%),3 achieves impressive densities(1.97-1.98 g/cm^(3)).To our knowledge,the density of 1.98 g/cm^(3)for 3-a sets a new record among that of nitrogen-rich monocyclic compounds.Notably,practical crystal morphology prediction was creatively introduced to guide the experimental crystallization conditions of 3,increasing the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity from 1 J to 80 N(3-a)to 10 J and 240 N(3-b),respectively.Additionally,the crystal structural analyses and theoretical calculations were conducted to elucidate the reasons of differences between 3-a and 3-b in density and stability.This work provides an efficient strategy to enhance performance of trinitromethyl derivatives,broadening the path and expanding the toolbox for energetic materials.展开更多
Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed ...Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.展开更多
This study investigates the convergence hypothesis and stochastic dynamics of agricultural land use and ecological balance across 13 major agricultural countries from 1992 to 2022.The study's concentrated samples ...This study investigates the convergence hypothesis and stochastic dynamics of agricultural land use and ecological balance across 13 major agricultural countries from 1992 to 2022.The study's concentrated samples are Russia,the United States,the Netherlands,Brazil,Germany,China,France,Spain,Italy,Canada,Belgium,Indonesia,and India.The research uncovers notable variations in ecological balance by utilizing a comprehensive set of advanced panel unit root tests(Panel CIPS,CADF,Panel-LM,Panel-KPSS,and Bahmani-Oskooee et al.’s Panel KPSS Unit Root Test).The findings highlight significant improvements in Canada,contrasting with declines in the Netherlands,France,Germany,and the United States.The results indicate convergence in ecological balance among these countries,suggesting that agricultural practices are progressively aligning with sustainability objectives.The considered countries can determine and enact joint and collective policy actions addressing cropland sustainability.However,the univariate outcome also shows that the cropland ecological balance of Germany,China,France,Indonesia,and India does contain a unit root and stationary which means the presence of the constant-mean.The univariate actions from the mentioned governments will not promote persistent impact.Therefore,joint actions determined by the countries considered are recommended for the mentioned countries.However,the rest of the countries also enact local policies.The insights gained are critical for informing global sustainability strategies and aiding policymakers in developing effective measures to enhance agricultural practices and mitigate environmental impacts.This research provides a data-driven foundation for optimizing agricultural sustainability and supports international efforts to achieve long-term ecological stability.展开更多
Analysis of the energy balance of various parts during the basic oxygen furnace(BOF)steelmaking is of vital importance for revealing the blowing characteristics of the swirl-type oxygen lance.The energy transfer behav...Analysis of the energy balance of various parts during the basic oxygen furnace(BOF)steelmaking is of vital importance for revealing the blowing characteristics of the swirl-type oxygen lance.The energy transfer behavior between the oxygen jet and the molten bath in the top-blowing steelmaking process was investigated using the volume of fluid method.The energy of the reflected jet and the slag was introduced,and the energy balance model of the BOF converter was modified.The influences of lance height and operation pressure on energy transfer were analyzed.Compared with the traditional oxygen lance,the energy of reflected jet,splashing,and cavity formation of the swirl-type oxygen lance was decreased.However,the energy of jet attenuation,slag,and molten steel increased.The energy proportion of the reflected jet was about 8%,while the energy of slag was 15%of molten steel.The maximum energy was transferred from the jet to the slag and molten steel at H=40de(H is lance height and de is outlet diameter).When the operation pressure increased from 0.8P0 to 1.2P0(P0 is the designed pressure),the energy of slag and molten steel was increased by 33%and 25.9%,respectively.展开更多
Research on grassland carrying capacity(GCC)and forage-livestock balance is of great significance for promoting the harmonious development of human and grassland.However,the lack of understanding of GCC and forage-liv...Research on grassland carrying capacity(GCC)and forage-livestock balance is of great significance for promoting the harmonious development of human and grassland.However,the lack of understanding of GCC and forage-livestock balance in the agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China has limited the grassland sustainable development.Here,the spatial and temporal characteristics of GCC and forage-livestock balance in the grassland of agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China from 2000 to 2022 were analyzed using meteorological data and remote sensing data.Geographical detectors and geographically weighted regression were also used to identify the driving factors and their interactions with GCC changes.Moreover,future GCC trends were predicted using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 dataset.Results revealed that:(1)GCC showed an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2022 but with significant inter-annual fluctuations.Its spatial distribution decreased gradually from north to south and from east to west.Precipitation,temperature,and cumulative solar radiation were the main drivers of the inter-annual variation of GCC,and the interaction between precipitation and temperature was the main influencing factor of the spatial distribution of GCC;(2)the forage-livestock balance was in an overloaded state in most years,but its index remained basically stable.Spatially,grazing overloading was mainly distributed in northeastern area and the severe overloading was mainly distributed in northwestern area;and(3)future projections indicated a downward trend in potential GCC.Under shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)2-4.5 scenario,the potential GCC had a ranged of 1.38×10^(7)-1.86×10^(7)standard sheep unit(SHU)and a mean of 1.60×10^(7)SHU.Meanwhile,the potential GCC under SSP5-8.5 scenario had a range of 1.18×10^(7)-1.69×10^(7)SHU and a mean of 1.49×10^(7)SHU.These results indicated that although GCC of the agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China showed an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2022,the forage-livestock balance index remained basically stable.The GCC was predicted to show a decreasing trend in the future.The findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of grassland and the optimization of grazing management policies in this area.展开更多
The balance of urban and rural public sports services directly affects residents'quality of life and social equity,but traditional evaluation methods rely on manual research and statistical models,which have probl...The balance of urban and rural public sports services directly affects residents'quality of life and social equity,but traditional evaluation methods rely on manual research and statistical models,which have problems such as low efficiency,single indicators,and insufficient dynamic response capabilities.This study proposes an AI based framework for evaluating the balance of urban and rural public sports services(AI-PSBE),which integrates multi-source heterogeneous data(satellite images,policy texts,user behavior logs)with multimodal deep learning techniques to achieve dynamic evaluation of multidimensional indicators such as coverage,quality,and usage efficiency.This framework uses ResNet-50 and Transformer dual channel architecture to extract spatial and semantic features,and generates a balance index through an adaptive weight fusion module.Based on urban and rural data from 10 provinces in China,experiments have shown that the evaluation accuracy of AI-PSBE(R^(2)=0.937)has improved by 41.2%compared to traditional methods,with a response time reduced to 3 minutes.Additionally,the interpretability heatmap intuitively displays regional shortcomings.This study provides intelligent tools for optimizing the layout of public sports resources.展开更多
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of sepsis and induces alterations in brain neurotransmission, thereby contributing to the development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Parval...Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of sepsis and induces alterations in brain neurotransmission, thereby contributing to the development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Parvalbumin(PV) interneurons are pivotal contributors to cognitive processes and have been implicated in various central nervous system dysfunctions, including SAE. Oxytocin, known for its ability to augment the firing rate of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic interneurons and directly stimulate inhibitory interneurons to enhance the tonic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, has prompted an investigation into its potential therapeutic effects on cognitive dysfunction in SAE. In the current study, we administered intranasal oxytocin to SAE mice induced by lipopolysaccharide. Behavioral assessments, including open field, Y-maze, and fear conditioning, were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Golgi staining revealed hippocampal synaptic deterioration, local field potential recordings showed weakened gamma oscillations, and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated decreased PV expression in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1) region of the hippocampus following lipopolysaccharide treatment, all of which were alleviated by oxytocin administration. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining of PV co-localization with vesicular glutamate transporter 1 or vesicular GABA transporter indicated a balanced excitation/inhibition effect of neurotransmitters on PV interneurons after oxytocin administration in the SAE mice, leading to an improved cognitive function. In conclusion, oxytocin treatment improved cognitive function by increasing the number of PV^(+) neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, restoring the balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission on PV interneurons, and enhancing hippocampal CA1 local field potential gamma oscillations. These findings suggest a potential mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of oxytocin in SAE.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Natural Gas Equipment,Ministry of Education(No.OGE202303-08)Engineering Technology Research Center for Industrial Internet of Things and Intelligent Sensing,Hubei Province(No.KXZ 202203).
文摘The beam pumping unit(BPU)remains the most stable and reliable equipment for crude oil lifting.Despite its simple four-link mechanism,the structural design of the BPU presents a constrained single-objective optimization problem.Currently,a comprehensive framework for the structural design and optimization of compound balanced BPUs is lacking.Therefore,this study proposes a novel structural design scheme for BPUs,aiming to meet the practical needs of designers and operators by sequentially optimizing both the dynamic characteristics and balance properties of the BPUs.A dynamic model of compound balanced BPU was established based on D'Alembert's principle.The constraints for structural dimensions were formulated based on the actual operational requirements and design experience with BPUs.To optimize the structure,three algorithms were employed:the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,the genetic algorithm(GA),and the gray wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm.Each newly generated individuals are regulated by constraints to ensure the rationality of the outcomes.Furthermore,the integration of three algorithms ensures the increased likelihood of attaining the global optimal solution.The polished rod acceleration of the optimized structure is significantly reduced,and the dynamic characteristics of the up and down strokes are essentially symmetrical.Additionally,these three algorithms are also applied to the balance optimization of BPUs based on the measured dynamometer card.The calculation results demonstrate that the GWO-based optimization method exhibits excellent robustness in terms of structural optimization by enhancing the operational smoothness of the BPU,as well as in balance optimization by achieving energy conservation.By applying the optimization scheme proposed in this paper,the CYJW7-3-23HF type of BPU was designed,achieving a maximum polished rod acceleration of±0.675 m/s^(2) when operating at a stroke of 6 min^(−1).When deployed in two wells,the root-mean-square(RMS)torque was minimized,reaching values of 7.539 kN·m and 12.921 kN·m,respectively.The proposed design method not only contributes to the personalized customization but also improves the design efficiency of compound balanced BPUs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3206300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271156)the program of the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,CAS(No.CSFSE-ZZ-2402).
文摘Under the context of global warming,the mechanism of glacier shrinkage has become a central focus in cryospheric research.The Ányêmaqên Mountain is the most densely distributed glacier area in the source region of the Yellow River on the Tibetan Plateau,and it is highly sensitive to climate change.This study utilized the distributed Coupled Snowpack and Ice Energy and Mass Balance Model(COSIMA),integrating High Asia Refinement Analysis(HAR)data and meteorological station observations,to simulate spatiotemporal patterns of energy and mass balance for Ányêmaqên Mountain glaciers.The results demonstrated an annual glacier mass balance of-0.50 m w.e.from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023,with substantial mass loss(peaking at-5.4 m w.e.)observed in zones below 5300 m a.s.l.,notably the Halong,Weigeledangxiong,and Yehelong glaciers.The main energy sources for glacier melt were net shortwave radiation(79.38%),sensible heat flux(12.31%)and ground heat flux(8.30%).The main expenditure items of energy included net longwave radiation(67.05%),available heat for melt(14.97%)and latent heat flux(17.98%).Solid precipitation accounted for 95%of the accumulation of glacier mass balance,and melt-water refreezing accounted for 5.0%.Sensitivity experiments revealed that rising air temperatures and declining precipitation were the principal drivers of mass loss,with a 1 K temperature increase requiring a 20%annual precipitation increase to offset equivalent mass loss.The mass loss of glaciers was mainly caused by superimposed ice surface ablation and subsurface ablation.This study is an important reference for a deeper understanding of the glacier’s response to climate change in the source region of Yellow River.
文摘Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Background:Isotonic crystalloids are recommended as the first choice for fluid therapy in acute pan-creatitis(AP),with normal saline(NS)and lactate Ringer’s(LR)used most often.Evidence based recom-mendations on the type of fluid are conflicting and generally come from small single-center randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of balanced solutions(BS)versus NS on patient-centered clinical outcomes in AP.Methods:From four databases searched up to October 2024,we included only RCTs of adult patients with AP that compared the use of BS(including LR,acetate Ringer’s,etc.)with NS.The primary out-come was the disease advances from AP to moderately severe and severe AP(MSAP/SAP).Trial sequential analyses(TSA)were conducted to control for type-I and type-II errors and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to assess the quality of evidence.Results:Six RCTs were identified and included,involving 260 patients treated with BS and 298 patients with NS.Patients who received the BS had less MSAP/SAP[odds ratio(OR)=0.50,95%confidence in-terval(CI):0.29 to 0.85,P=0.01,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,299 patients],reduced the need of ICU admission(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.39 to 0.93,P=0.02,I^(2)=0%;5 studies,507 patients)and shorter length of hospital stay[mean difference(MD)=-0.88,95%CI:-1.48 to-0.28,P=0.004,I^(2)=0%;6 studies,558 patients;confirmed by TSA with high certainty]compared with those who received NS.The evidence for most of the clinical outcomes was rated as moderate to low due to the risk of bias,imprecision and inconsistency.Conclusions:BS,compared with NS,was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with AP.However,given the moderate to low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes assessed,further trials are warranted.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.
文摘[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of Science,SPORTSDiscus,PsycINFO,SCOPUS,CINAHL)up to May 2025.Seventeen randomized controlled trials(RCTs;total n=1142)met inclusion criteria:adults with stroke,device-based HIIT(≥70%HRR/VO 2peak),and outcomes assessing VO 2peak,6-min walk distance(6MWD),or Berg Balance Scale(BBS).Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Pooled effect sizes(Hedges'g)were calculated via random-effects models,with heterogeneity quantified by I^(2).[Results]HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake(VO 2peak)versus controls(g=0.59,95%CI:0.44-0.75,p<0.001;I^(2)=16.29%).Low heterogeneity and symmetrical funnel plots supported robustness.HIIT also enhanced walking endurance(6MWD:g=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.48,p<0.01;I^(2)=30%).In contrast,no significant benefit was observed for balance function(BBS:g=0.07,95%CI:-0.13-0.26,p=0.50;I^(2)=0%).[Conclusions]HIIT is a safe and highly effective intervention for enhancing aerobic capacity and walking function post-stroke.Its benefits are maximized at higher intensities and longer durations but do not extend to balance improvement.Integrating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended to promote functional independence.
文摘Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.
基金supported by the International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172676)+2 种基金the Danling Science&Technology Backyard Project,China(F2024236)the Dalian Xinmei Project,China(MY01-2023-2025-02)the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project,China(22QYCX0073)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.
基金supported by funding from the 13th Five-Year Plan New Drug Creation Program—Isotope Tracer Technology Platform for Clinical Evaluation of Innovative Drugs(Grant No.2017ZX09304032 with project leaders Jun Zhao and Chen Zhou).
文摘IBI351,a synthetic compound,exerts its anti-tumor effects by specifically,covalently,and irreversibly modifying the 12th cysteine residue of KRAS G12C.However,the pharmacokinetic profile of IBI351 in humans has not yet been reported.The current study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of IBI351 in healthy Chinese male subjects.A single oral dose of 600 mg combined with 150μCi[^(14)C]IBI351 was administered to six healthy male volunteers.Blood,urine,and fecal samples were collected at multiple time points to quantify the parent drug and its metabolites.IBI351 showed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and was well tolerated by all participants.Seventeen major metabolites were identified in plasma,urine,and feces.The main metabolic pathways included oxidation,hydrogenation,sulfonate conjugation,glucuronide conjugation,and cysteine conjugation.Excretion of IBI351 and its metabolites occurred mainly through feces.Collectively,this first-in-human study provides essential data on the metabolism and safety of IBI351 in Chinese subjects and lays the foundation for its further clinical development as a novel anti-tumor drug.
基金supported by GP Batteries Industrial Safety Trust Fund(Funding number:R-ZDDR).
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding whether pain reduction in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain(CNSLBP)following conservative interventions is related to corresponding improvements in balance control.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were identified from 5 databases(MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,and PsycINFO).Two reviewers independently screened and identified relevant studies that investigated the effects of non-surgical or non-pharmacological CNSLBP treatments on both pain intensity and balance control.Meta-regression analyses were performed to establish the associations between post-treatment changes in these 2 variables.Results:Thirty one studies involving 1280 participants with CNSLBP were included.Moderate-quality evidence suggested that pain reduction was associated with and explained 34%-45%of decreases in body sway,as measured by center-of-pressure(CoP)area and CoP velocity with eyes open.However,no significant association was observed between pain reduction and CoP area or velocity in anteroposterior/mediolateral directions.Similarly,there was no significant association between pain reduction and CoP distance or radius.Low-quality evidence indicated that pain relief explained a 15%improvement in one-leg stance with eyes open but not in the eyes-closed condition.Additionally,very low-quality evidence suggested that pain relief explained a 44%decrease in the static anteroposterior stability index with eyes closed but not in the eyes-open,mediolateral,or overall conditions.Furthermore,low-quality evidence indicated that reduced pain was associated with and accounted for 25%-43%of the improved composite and posteromedial scores of the star-excursion balance test,rather than the anterior and posterolateral scores.Conclusion:Depending on the type of balance assessment,pain relief following conservative interventions may slightly to moderately enhance balance control in individuals with CNSLBP.Clinicians should pay close attention to the balance control in patients with CNSLBP,particularly among older adults.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102582)the Youth innovation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2023QC09)+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and technology Project(2022ZB270)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIPIAS07,cxgc-ias-16)。
文摘Background Intestinal inflammation is a common and serious health problem in piglet production,especially enteritis caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli).This condition often leads to high mortality,slow weight gain,and significant economic losses.Results In this study,we isolated an E.coli strain,SKLAN202302,from the colon of diarrheal piglets to create an intestinal inflammation model for evaluating the protective effects of baicalin.Piglets infected with E.coli exhibited significant reductions in body weight,feed intake,small intestine length,and ileal goblet cell count(P<0.05),along with deteriorated ileal morphology.However,baicalin supplementation resulted in body weights,feed intake,and intestinal morphology similar to those of the control group.Notably,there was a significant increase in the colonization of Lactobacillus species,particularly Lactobacillus_reuteri,Lactobacillus_amylovorus,and Lactobacillus_johnii,compared to the E.coli group(P<0.05).At the metabolic and transcriptional levels,E.coli infection increased inflammatory mediators,including eicosanoids(leukotriene F4,prostaglandin F1a,leukotriene E4,thromboxane B2,prostaglandin G2,and PGH2),monosaccharides,and TCA cycle intermediates(oxoglutaric acid,glutaric acid,adipic acid,citric acid,and isocitric acid)in the ileum.It also promoted the expression of genes related to autoimmune diseases and the Th17 differentiation signaling pathway(CTLA4,IFN-ALPHA-8,IL12RB2,TRAV3,TRAV16,FOS,and VEGFA),as well as inflammatory factors.Conversely,baicalin supplementation not only counteracted these effects but also enhanced the presence of metabolites such as phospholipids[including lyso PC(P-18:1(9Z)/0:0),PC(17:0/0:0),lyso PC(16:1(9Z)/0:0),PC(18:0/0:0),lyso PC(18:0/0:0),PA(10:0/i-16:0),and PA(10:0/8:0)]and amino acids.It also regulated genes within the IL-17 signaling pathway(IL4,CCL17,CXCL10,IFNG,and CXCL2),suggesting a mechanism by which baicalin mitigates E.coli-induced intestinal and microbial disturbances.Subsequent flow cytometry analysis showed that E.coli infection increased the numbers of CD3+and Foxp3+cells,decreased IL-17A+cells,and reduced Th17/Treg ratios.Baicalin supplementation restored these parameters to control levels.Conclusions Baicalin supplementation effectively alleviates E.coli-induced intestinal inflammation and microbial disturbances in piglets by enhancing beneficial Lactobacillus colonization,counteracting inflammatory mediators,and regulating immune-related gene expression and the Th17/Treg balance.These findings highlight baicalin's potential in alleviating intestinal inflammation.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2021YFC2803300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42325604+1 种基金the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China under contract No.CBG2N21-2-1Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader under contract No.22XD1403600.
文摘The thaw-freezing transition period is crucial to determine the initial sea ice status prior to the freezing season.The heat and mass balance at ice-ocean interface is the major driving process.In this study,we analyze heat fluxes profile through the ice from ice surface down to basal ice-ocean interface using the data measured by 11 thermistor stringbased ice mass balance buoys(IMBs)between September and December 2018 in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean.The conductive heat fluxes gradually decreased from surface downward through the lower ice layers due to the thermal inertia and energy storage in the brine pockets.At the ice bottom,the oceanic heat flux decreased from(5.9±1.3)W/m^(2)in mid-September to(1.8±0.8)W/m^(2)by the end of December in response to the decreasing of available absorbed solar radiation regulated by the latitude and sea ice concentration.The initial ice thicknesses can explain the onset of ice basal growth by 44.8%(R^(2)).From 15 September to the average onset of ice basal growth by 13 November,the accumulated heat fluxes released from the ice surface to the atmosphere,caused by the cooling of the ice layer,and from the ocean to the ice bottom were estimated as 25.73 MJ/m^(2),6.49 MJ/m^(2),and 20.30 MJ/m^(2),respectively.The latter two components mainly play the roles in buffering the onset of ice basal growth.
文摘With the continuous growth of China's economy,financial opening to the outside world has become one of the important means to promote economic development.However,with the continuous acceleration of capital flow,the problem of balance in and out is becoming increasingly prominent.Taking China's financial opening to the outside world as the research object,this paper discusses how China strategically achieves the balance of entry and exit in the field of financial opening to the outside world,and the impact of this balance.Through the quantitative analysis of China's financial opening to the outside world and foreign capital flows,it is found that China needs to strengthen the management of capital items and optimize the structure of capital flows in the process of financial opening to the outside world,to achieve the balance of financial flows in and out.As for the impact of the balance of access and access,the analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the financial opening and access and balance can improve the stability of the financial market,provide sufficient liquidity for the healthy development of the financial market,and alleviate financial risks.Such a strategy is of great practical significance for promoting the sustained and healthy development of China's economy.Therefore,based on the actual situation of China,this paper puts forward some relevant strategy suggestions to guide the practical operation of China's financial opening up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375021,22235003,22261132516&22205021)the BIT Research and Innovation 265 Promoting Project(Grant No.2023YCXZ017)。
文摘Energetic compounds bearing the trinitromethyl group are garnering broad attraction as potential candidates for a new generation of high energy dense oxidizers.In this work,an effective dual modulation strategy involving both molecular isomerization and crystal morphology control was employed to design and optimize trinitromethyl-oxadiazole with improved comprehensive performance.Utilizing this dual strategy,3,5-bis(trinitromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole(3)was synthesized,resulting in the formation of two distinct crystal morphologies(needle and sheet)corresponding to two crystal forms(3-a and3-b).Encouragingly,while maintaining ultra-high oxygen balance(21.73%),3 achieves impressive densities(1.97-1.98 g/cm^(3)).To our knowledge,the density of 1.98 g/cm^(3)for 3-a sets a new record among that of nitrogen-rich monocyclic compounds.Notably,practical crystal morphology prediction was creatively introduced to guide the experimental crystallization conditions of 3,increasing the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity from 1 J to 80 N(3-a)to 10 J and 240 N(3-b),respectively.Additionally,the crystal structural analyses and theoretical calculations were conducted to elucidate the reasons of differences between 3-a and 3-b in density and stability.This work provides an efficient strategy to enhance performance of trinitromethyl derivatives,broadening the path and expanding the toolbox for energetic materials.
基金Shenyang Governmental Science and Technology Program(Project No.22-316-2-02)China Agriculture Research System Program(Project No.CARS-41-G04).
文摘Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.
文摘This study investigates the convergence hypothesis and stochastic dynamics of agricultural land use and ecological balance across 13 major agricultural countries from 1992 to 2022.The study's concentrated samples are Russia,the United States,the Netherlands,Brazil,Germany,China,France,Spain,Italy,Canada,Belgium,Indonesia,and India.The research uncovers notable variations in ecological balance by utilizing a comprehensive set of advanced panel unit root tests(Panel CIPS,CADF,Panel-LM,Panel-KPSS,and Bahmani-Oskooee et al.’s Panel KPSS Unit Root Test).The findings highlight significant improvements in Canada,contrasting with declines in the Netherlands,France,Germany,and the United States.The results indicate convergence in ecological balance among these countries,suggesting that agricultural practices are progressively aligning with sustainability objectives.The considered countries can determine and enact joint and collective policy actions addressing cropland sustainability.However,the univariate outcome also shows that the cropland ecological balance of Germany,China,France,Indonesia,and India does contain a unit root and stationary which means the presence of the constant-mean.The univariate actions from the mentioned governments will not promote persistent impact.Therefore,joint actions determined by the countries considered are recommended for the mentioned countries.However,the rest of the countries also enact local policies.The insights gained are critical for informing global sustainability strategies and aiding policymakers in developing effective measures to enhance agricultural practices and mitigate environmental impacts.This research provides a data-driven foundation for optimizing agricultural sustainability and supports international efforts to achieve long-term ecological stability.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.2024-BS-219)the Education Department Project of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20230932)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20272)the Department of Science&Technology of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022JH2/101300079)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities(LJ212410146002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC52074151).
文摘Analysis of the energy balance of various parts during the basic oxygen furnace(BOF)steelmaking is of vital importance for revealing the blowing characteristics of the swirl-type oxygen lance.The energy transfer behavior between the oxygen jet and the molten bath in the top-blowing steelmaking process was investigated using the volume of fluid method.The energy of the reflected jet and the slag was introduced,and the energy balance model of the BOF converter was modified.The influences of lance height and operation pressure on energy transfer were analyzed.Compared with the traditional oxygen lance,the energy of reflected jet,splashing,and cavity formation of the swirl-type oxygen lance was decreased.However,the energy of jet attenuation,slag,and molten steel increased.The energy proportion of the reflected jet was about 8%,while the energy of slag was 15%of molten steel.The maximum energy was transferred from the jet to the slag and molten steel at H=40de(H is lance height and de is outlet diameter).When the operation pressure increased from 0.8P0 to 1.2P0(P0 is the designed pressure),the energy of slag and molten steel was increased by 33%and 25.9%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271309)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2024JC-YBMS-194).
文摘Research on grassland carrying capacity(GCC)and forage-livestock balance is of great significance for promoting the harmonious development of human and grassland.However,the lack of understanding of GCC and forage-livestock balance in the agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China has limited the grassland sustainable development.Here,the spatial and temporal characteristics of GCC and forage-livestock balance in the grassland of agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China from 2000 to 2022 were analyzed using meteorological data and remote sensing data.Geographical detectors and geographically weighted regression were also used to identify the driving factors and their interactions with GCC changes.Moreover,future GCC trends were predicted using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 dataset.Results revealed that:(1)GCC showed an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2022 but with significant inter-annual fluctuations.Its spatial distribution decreased gradually from north to south and from east to west.Precipitation,temperature,and cumulative solar radiation were the main drivers of the inter-annual variation of GCC,and the interaction between precipitation and temperature was the main influencing factor of the spatial distribution of GCC;(2)the forage-livestock balance was in an overloaded state in most years,but its index remained basically stable.Spatially,grazing overloading was mainly distributed in northeastern area and the severe overloading was mainly distributed in northwestern area;and(3)future projections indicated a downward trend in potential GCC.Under shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)2-4.5 scenario,the potential GCC had a ranged of 1.38×10^(7)-1.86×10^(7)standard sheep unit(SHU)and a mean of 1.60×10^(7)SHU.Meanwhile,the potential GCC under SSP5-8.5 scenario had a range of 1.18×10^(7)-1.69×10^(7)SHU and a mean of 1.49×10^(7)SHU.These results indicated that although GCC of the agro-pastoral transition zone of northern China showed an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2022,the forage-livestock balance index remained basically stable.The GCC was predicted to show a decreasing trend in the future.The findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of grassland and the optimization of grazing management policies in this area.
文摘The balance of urban and rural public sports services directly affects residents'quality of life and social equity,but traditional evaluation methods rely on manual research and statistical models,which have problems such as low efficiency,single indicators,and insufficient dynamic response capabilities.This study proposes an AI based framework for evaluating the balance of urban and rural public sports services(AI-PSBE),which integrates multi-source heterogeneous data(satellite images,policy texts,user behavior logs)with multimodal deep learning techniques to achieve dynamic evaluation of multidimensional indicators such as coverage,quality,and usage efficiency.This framework uses ResNet-50 and Transformer dual channel architecture to extract spatial and semantic features,and generates a balance index through an adaptive weight fusion module.Based on urban and rural data from 10 provinces in China,experiments have shown that the evaluation accuracy of AI-PSBE(R^(2)=0.937)has improved by 41.2%compared to traditional methods,with a response time reduced to 3 minutes.Additionally,the interpretability heatmap intuitively displays regional shortcomings.This study provides intelligent tools for optimizing the layout of public sports resources.
基金supported by grants from the general project of Nanjing Medical University Science and Technology Development Foundation (Grant No.NMUB20210112)。
文摘Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of sepsis and induces alterations in brain neurotransmission, thereby contributing to the development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Parvalbumin(PV) interneurons are pivotal contributors to cognitive processes and have been implicated in various central nervous system dysfunctions, including SAE. Oxytocin, known for its ability to augment the firing rate of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic interneurons and directly stimulate inhibitory interneurons to enhance the tonic inhibition of pyramidal neurons, has prompted an investigation into its potential therapeutic effects on cognitive dysfunction in SAE. In the current study, we administered intranasal oxytocin to SAE mice induced by lipopolysaccharide. Behavioral assessments, including open field, Y-maze, and fear conditioning, were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Golgi staining revealed hippocampal synaptic deterioration, local field potential recordings showed weakened gamma oscillations, and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated decreased PV expression in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1) region of the hippocampus following lipopolysaccharide treatment, all of which were alleviated by oxytocin administration. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining of PV co-localization with vesicular glutamate transporter 1 or vesicular GABA transporter indicated a balanced excitation/inhibition effect of neurotransmitters on PV interneurons after oxytocin administration in the SAE mice, leading to an improved cognitive function. In conclusion, oxytocin treatment improved cognitive function by increasing the number of PV^(+) neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, restoring the balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission on PV interneurons, and enhancing hippocampal CA1 local field potential gamma oscillations. These findings suggest a potential mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of oxytocin in SAE.
