The study aimed to discuss baiting effects of 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants on Brachydanio rerio.With 100 fish of Brachydanio rerio as tested objects,the average length of the 100 fish was 3.5 cm.Cinnamomum cas...The study aimed to discuss baiting effects of 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants on Brachydanio rerio.With 100 fish of Brachydanio rerio as tested objects,the average length of the 100 fish was 3.5 cm.Cinnamomum cassia,Mentha canadensis,Eugenia aromaticum,Coptis chinensis,Phellodendron amurense,Scutellaria baicalensis,star anise,Kaempferia galanga,Prunus mume,Magnolia sinensis,Terminalia chebula meat,Sophora flavescens,Polygonum cuspidatum,Rhizoma polygonatum,Astragalus membranaceus,Forsythia suspense and...展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to construct bait vector pGBKTT-Lescpth5, and detect its self-activated transcription activity and the toxicity on yeast cells. [ Method] Lescpth5 was amplified by PCR technique, and connec...[ Objective ] The paper was to construct bait vector pGBKTT-Lescpth5, and detect its self-activated transcription activity and the toxicity on yeast cells. [ Method] Lescpth5 was amplified by PCR technique, and connected into bait vector pGBKTT. The recombined vector was transformed into yeast competent ceils AH109 and carried out self-activated detection and toxicity detection in the au.xotrephic medium. [ Result] Digestion and sequencing results showed that bait vector pGBKT7-Lescpth5 was suecessfully constructed with correct reading frame. Self-activated activity and toxicity detection results showed that bait vector had no self- activated activity on yeast strain AH109, which also had no toxicity on yeast. [Condusion] Bait vector successfully constructed could be used in yeast two-hybrid system, which laid the foundation for screening of cDNA library in the next step.展开更多
By using a yeast two-hybrid system,a yeast two-hybrid bait vector was constructed and identified for screening of the HPV18 E6-interacting proteins,and its effects on the growth of yeast cells and the activation of re...By using a yeast two-hybrid system,a yeast two-hybrid bait vector was constructed and identified for screening of the HPV18 E6-interacting proteins,and its effects on the growth of yeast cells and the activation of reporter genes were investigated.Total mRNA extracted from Hela cells was reversely transcribed into cDNA.Fragment of HPV18 E6 cDNA was amplified using RT-PCR and directly ligated to the pGBKT7 vector.The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing.Th...展开更多
Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait...Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.展开更多
The field control effects of different concentrations of indoxacarb baits,fipronil baits and chlorfenapyr baits on Solenopsis invicta was evaluated. The results showed that at 21 post administration,the control effect...The field control effects of different concentrations of indoxacarb baits,fipronil baits and chlorfenapyr baits on Solenopsis invicta was evaluated. The results showed that at 21 post administration,the control effects of 0. 04% indoxacarb on nests and worker ants reached 100%; the control effect of 0. 02% and0. 06% indoxacarb on active nests and worker ants were 87. 50% and 100%,respectively; 0. 000 25% and 0. 000 5% fipronil and 0. 05% chlorfenapyr also had significant control effects on active nests and worker ants. At 30 d post administration,the decline rates of ant colony grade treated by 0. 04% and 0. 06% indoxacarb,0. 000 25% fipronil and 0. 05% chlorfenapyr were 100%,100%,91. 44% and 98. 11%,respectively,and the comprehensive control effect reached 97. 18%.展开更多
Six types of termites＇ baits （cartoon, rough tissues, soft toilet tissues, acacia wood, saw dust of building wood and sackcloth） were elicited variable degree of attraction toward Anacanthotermes ochaceus, where th...Six types of termites＇ baits （cartoon, rough tissues, soft toilet tissues, acacia wood, saw dust of building wood and sackcloth） were elicited variable degree of attraction toward Anacanthotermes ochaceus, where the best one was cardboard, followed by soft and rough toilet tissue at mono-choice and multiple-choice tests. Chemical analysis showed that there were variations in the chemical constituents （lignin, cellulose, N, H and C） of the six baits studied. On the other hand, olfactory reactions of harvester termites toward eight volatile oils （four natural medical plants and four commercial terpines） were repellent, but the most repellent one was cineol and the least one was clove oil. The most tested oils were caused inhibition in feeding, except cedar wood. The most toxic oils were cineol followed by thymol.展开更多
This study evaluated the performance of chocolate squid(Todarodes pacificus)bait as a lower-cost alternative to traditional squid bait in a snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)fishery in Eastern Canada.The results showed th...This study evaluated the performance of chocolate squid(Todarodes pacificus)bait as a lower-cost alternative to traditional squid bait in a snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)fishery in Eastern Canada.The results showed that pots with chocolate squid bait had significantly lower catch rates compared to pots with traditional squid bait.The chocolate squid bait significantly reduced the number of crabs caught per pot by 13.99%and the weight of crabs caught per pot by 2.88 kg.Although the chocolate squid bait is cheaper,the decrease in catch rates could require increased effort to reach individual quotas,which could lead to longer or more frequent fishing trips and more traps being fished,increasing fuel consumption and habitat disruption,resulting in negative environmental impacts.Finding alternative lower-cost baits that maintain catch rates remains a key priority for reducing operational costs and minimizing environmental impacts in the snow crab fishery.展开更多
Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of consumption.Ethyl-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quanti...Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of consumption.Ethyl-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quantitative bait marker,which has been used for studying bait uptake in several carnivores and ungulates.We developed a bait with Et-IPA,assessed its palatability to common voles(Microtus arvalis),and determined the dose-residue-relation for this important agricultural pest rodent species.Et-IPA concentrations of 40 to 1280μg Et-IPA per g bait were applied to wheat using sunflower oil or polyethylene glycol 300 as potential carriers.In a laboratory study,common voles were offered the bait and blood samples were collected 1,7,and 14 days after consumption.The samples were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS/MS for blood residues of Et-IPA.Sunflower-oil was the most suitable bait carrier.Et-IPA seemed to be palatable to common voles at all test concentrations.Dose-dependent residues could be detected in blood samples in a dose-dependent manner and up to 14 days after uptake enabling generation of a calibration curve of the dose-residue relationship.Et-IPA was present in common vole blood for at least 14 days,but there was dissipation by 33–37%depending on dose.Et-IPA meets many criteria for an“ideal”quantitative bait marker for use in futurefield studies on common voles and possibly other small mammal species.展开更多
Background:Canines,the definitive hosts for the parasites causing alveolar(AE)and cystic echinococcosis(CE),are the main source of this infections playing the key role in the transmission.The ten-year mortality rate o...Background:Canines,the definitive hosts for the parasites causing alveolar(AE)and cystic echinococcosis(CE),are the main source of this infections playing the key role in the transmission.The ten-year mortality rate of AE is extremely high(94%)if the patients are not given sustained treatment.The aim of this field study is to explore the possibility of delivery of praziquantel-laced baits using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)aimed at deworming wild canines in the endemic areas.Methods:UAVs were compared to manual bait delivery in the 1-km^(2)test areas followed by testing of canine faeces using an Echinococcus coproantigen ELISA test in the ensuing year.The outcomes of the two approaches were compared with respect to time of delivery and overall cost.Findings:Compared to manual bait delivery,delivery by UAVs saved up to 67%of the overall cost.Three times more staff was needed for the former approach compared to the latter and,time wise,UAV bait delivery saved 350%compared to manual bait delivery on average.With regard to investment needed,the use of UAVs showed an efficiency 2.5 times better than manual bait delivery.Compared to the area served by UAVs,the average positive rate for the canine faecal samples was more than 38%higher in the area served manually.Conclusion:The technique of bait delivery with praziquantel using UAVs for canine deworming has a strong potential with regard to savings of manpower,time and overall cost in areas highly endemic for echinococcosis.展开更多
This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine,a serious forest and agricultural pest,under field conditions.Different additives(saccharin,common sa...This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine,a serious forest and agricultural pest,under field conditions.Different additives(saccharin,common salt,bone meal,fish meal,peanut butter,egg yolk,egg shell powder,yeast powder,mineral oil and coconut oil)at 2 and 5%each were tested for their relative preference,using groundnut-maize(1:1)as basic bait.All the additives were tested under a no-choice test pattern.For control tests,no additive was mixed with the basic bait.Saccharin at 5%concentration significantly enhanced the consumption of bait over the basic bait,while 2%saccharin supplemented bait resulted in a non-significant bait consumption.All other additives did not enhance the consumption of the bait material;rather,these worked as repellents.However,the repellency was lowest with the common salt,followed by egg yolk,egg shell powder,bone meal,peanut butter,mineral oil,fish meal and yeast powder,while coconut remained the most repellent compound.The present study suggested that groundnut-maize(1:1)supplemented with 5%saccharin was the preferred bait combination,and can be used with different rodenticides for the management of Indian crested porcupine.展开更多
Introduced rodents have been eradicated from large numbers of offshore islands using toxic baits;however, toxicbaits have been linked with negative impacts on non-target species. The present study assessed the bait ta...Introduced rodents have been eradicated from large numbers of offshore islands using toxic baits;however, toxicbaits have been linked with negative impacts on non-target species. The present study assessed the bait take oftarget (house mouse, Mus musculus) and non-target (buff banded rail, Rallus philippensis) animals on Northwestand Heron Islands in the Great Barrier Reef. Three non-toxic bait formulations (wax block, pellet and grain) weretested and each was applied at 1 kg ha–1 in six treatment grids. The tracks of animals visiting the baits were identifiedusing 30 tracking stations per treatment grid. A tracking station consisted of a track-board placed in the centre of asand-pad. Mean bait take differed significantly between the formulations: birds took more grain bait than wax blockbait;mice took more wax block than grain bait. Both mice and birds were equally selective of pellet bait. Thus, thefindings indicate that wax blocks are the most suitable formulation for future baiting programs to eradicate mice onthese and other islands.展开更多
Compound biological bait can replace commercial bait to ensure fish growth.The compound biogenic bait can effectively improve the water and soil environment.The key microbiome induced by compound biogenic bait plays a...Compound biological bait can replace commercial bait to ensure fish growth.The compound biogenic bait can effectively improve the water and soil environment.The key microbiome induced by compound biogenic bait plays an important role.Traditional commercial aquatic fish bait(CA)is not conducive to the scientific breeding of rice and fish in cocropping systems,and excessive feeding easily causes environmental pollution in rice fields.In this study,an environment-friendly compound biogenic bait(CB)mixed with plant-derived(PB)and animal-derived(AB)baits was proposed.The rice–crucian carp cocropping system was used as the research object,and the soil microorganisms and fish gut microorganisms were sequenced with high throughput,respectively,to verify the effect of CB application and the microbial mechanism underlying its functional effect.The results showed that the AB and PB components in CB maintain the growth of fish by improving the metabolism-related functions of fish gut microbiome and reducing the abundance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria,including Actinomadura.In particular,the PB components induced soil microbiome,such as Pseudonocardia,that participate in soil nutrient cycling and increase dissolved oxygen in water,which is key for improving rice quality and yield.This is the first study to focus on how different bait components drive key microbial communities to regulate animal–plant–environment relationships in the integrated planting and breeding patterns of paddy fields.展开更多
基金Supported by National Spark Program(2007EA610021)Tianjin Spark Program(07ZHXHNC05400)~~
文摘The study aimed to discuss baiting effects of 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants on Brachydanio rerio.With 100 fish of Brachydanio rerio as tested objects,the average length of the 100 fish was 3.5 cm.Cinnamomum cassia,Mentha canadensis,Eugenia aromaticum,Coptis chinensis,Phellodendron amurense,Scutellaria baicalensis,star anise,Kaempferia galanga,Prunus mume,Magnolia sinensis,Terminalia chebula meat,Sophora flavescens,Polygonum cuspidatum,Rhizoma polygonatum,Astragalus membranaceus,Forsythia suspense and...
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (6012017)Dr. Funding of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to construct bait vector pGBKTT-Lescpth5, and detect its self-activated transcription activity and the toxicity on yeast cells. [ Method] Lescpth5 was amplified by PCR technique, and connected into bait vector pGBKTT. The recombined vector was transformed into yeast competent ceils AH109 and carried out self-activated detection and toxicity detection in the au.xotrephic medium. [ Result] Digestion and sequencing results showed that bait vector pGBKT7-Lescpth5 was suecessfully constructed with correct reading frame. Self-activated activity and toxicity detection results showed that bait vector had no self- activated activity on yeast strain AH109, which also had no toxicity on yeast. [Condusion] Bait vector successfully constructed could be used in yeast two-hybrid system, which laid the foundation for screening of cDNA library in the next step.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.30672227,30600668)"973"Program of China(No.2009CB521800)Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese,Hong Kong and Macao Young Scholars(No.30628029)
文摘By using a yeast two-hybrid system,a yeast two-hybrid bait vector was constructed and identified for screening of the HPV18 E6-interacting proteins,and its effects on the growth of yeast cells and the activation of reporter genes were investigated.Total mRNA extracted from Hela cells was reversely transcribed into cDNA.Fragment of HPV18 E6 cDNA was amplified using RT-PCR and directly ligated to the pGBKT7 vector.The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing.Th...
文摘Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.
基金Supported by Project of Liuzhou Science and Technology Bureau"Investigation and Prevention Countermeasures of Fire Ants in Liuzhou City"(2013J020101)
文摘The field control effects of different concentrations of indoxacarb baits,fipronil baits and chlorfenapyr baits on Solenopsis invicta was evaluated. The results showed that at 21 post administration,the control effects of 0. 04% indoxacarb on nests and worker ants reached 100%; the control effect of 0. 02% and0. 06% indoxacarb on active nests and worker ants were 87. 50% and 100%,respectively; 0. 000 25% and 0. 000 5% fipronil and 0. 05% chlorfenapyr also had significant control effects on active nests and worker ants. At 30 d post administration,the decline rates of ant colony grade treated by 0. 04% and 0. 06% indoxacarb,0. 000 25% fipronil and 0. 05% chlorfenapyr were 100%,100%,91. 44% and 98. 11%,respectively,and the comprehensive control effect reached 97. 18%.
文摘Six types of termites＇ baits （cartoon, rough tissues, soft toilet tissues, acacia wood, saw dust of building wood and sackcloth） were elicited variable degree of attraction toward Anacanthotermes ochaceus, where the best one was cardboard, followed by soft and rough toilet tissue at mono-choice and multiple-choice tests. Chemical analysis showed that there were variations in the chemical constituents （lignin, cellulose, N, H and C） of the six baits studied. On the other hand, olfactory reactions of harvester termites toward eight volatile oils （four natural medical plants and four commercial terpines） were repellent, but the most repellent one was cineol and the least one was clove oil. The most tested oils were caused inhibition in feeding, except cedar wood. The most toxic oils were cineol followed by thymol.
基金funded by The National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program(NRC IRAP)。
文摘This study evaluated the performance of chocolate squid(Todarodes pacificus)bait as a lower-cost alternative to traditional squid bait in a snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)fishery in Eastern Canada.The results showed that pots with chocolate squid bait had significantly lower catch rates compared to pots with traditional squid bait.The chocolate squid bait significantly reduced the number of crabs caught per pot by 13.99%and the weight of crabs caught per pot by 2.88 kg.Although the chocolate squid bait is cheaper,the decrease in catch rates could require increased effort to reach individual quotas,which could lead to longer or more frequent fishing trips and more traps being fished,increasing fuel consumption and habitat disruption,resulting in negative environmental impacts.Finding alternative lower-cost baits that maintain catch rates remains a key priority for reducing operational costs and minimizing environmental impacts in the snow crab fishery.
基金funded by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture due to a parliamentary resolution within the federal program“Organic farming and other forms of sustainable agriculture”(file#2815NA113)All animal experimentation was conducted in accordance with EU and federal legislation(file#No.81-02.04.2019.A246).
文摘Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of consumption.Ethyl-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quantitative bait marker,which has been used for studying bait uptake in several carnivores and ungulates.We developed a bait with Et-IPA,assessed its palatability to common voles(Microtus arvalis),and determined the dose-residue-relation for this important agricultural pest rodent species.Et-IPA concentrations of 40 to 1280μg Et-IPA per g bait were applied to wheat using sunflower oil or polyethylene glycol 300 as potential carriers.In a laboratory study,common voles were offered the bait and blood samples were collected 1,7,and 14 days after consumption.The samples were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS/MS for blood residues of Et-IPA.Sunflower-oil was the most suitable bait carrier.Et-IPA seemed to be palatable to common voles at all test concentrations.Dose-dependent residues could be detected in blood samples in a dose-dependent manner and up to 14 days after uptake enabling generation of a calibration curve of the dose-residue relationship.Et-IPA was present in common vole blood for at least 14 days,but there was dissipation by 33–37%depending on dose.Et-IPA meets many criteria for an“ideal”quantitative bait marker for use in futurefield studies on common voles and possibly other small mammal species.
基金This fields study was supported by the project of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture station for echinococcosis control,China CDC.
文摘Background:Canines,the definitive hosts for the parasites causing alveolar(AE)and cystic echinococcosis(CE),are the main source of this infections playing the key role in the transmission.The ten-year mortality rate of AE is extremely high(94%)if the patients are not given sustained treatment.The aim of this field study is to explore the possibility of delivery of praziquantel-laced baits using unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)aimed at deworming wild canines in the endemic areas.Methods:UAVs were compared to manual bait delivery in the 1-km^(2)test areas followed by testing of canine faeces using an Echinococcus coproantigen ELISA test in the ensuing year.The outcomes of the two approaches were compared with respect to time of delivery and overall cost.Findings:Compared to manual bait delivery,delivery by UAVs saved up to 67%of the overall cost.Three times more staff was needed for the former approach compared to the latter and,time wise,UAV bait delivery saved 350%compared to manual bait delivery on average.With regard to investment needed,the use of UAVs showed an efficiency 2.5 times better than manual bait delivery.Compared to the area served by UAVs,the average positive rate for the canine faecal samples was more than 38%higher in the area served manually.Conclusion:The technique of bait delivery with praziquantel using UAVs for canine deworming has a strong potential with regard to savings of manpower,time and overall cost in areas highly endemic for echinococcosis.
基金supported by Higher Education Commission of Pakistanthrough a financial support provided under its Indigenous PhD Fellowship Programme to Muhammad Mushtaq.
文摘This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine,a serious forest and agricultural pest,under field conditions.Different additives(saccharin,common salt,bone meal,fish meal,peanut butter,egg yolk,egg shell powder,yeast powder,mineral oil and coconut oil)at 2 and 5%each were tested for their relative preference,using groundnut-maize(1:1)as basic bait.All the additives were tested under a no-choice test pattern.For control tests,no additive was mixed with the basic bait.Saccharin at 5%concentration significantly enhanced the consumption of bait over the basic bait,while 2%saccharin supplemented bait resulted in a non-significant bait consumption.All other additives did not enhance the consumption of the bait material;rather,these worked as repellents.However,the repellency was lowest with the common salt,followed by egg yolk,egg shell powder,bone meal,peanut butter,mineral oil,fish meal and yeast powder,while coconut remained the most repellent compound.The present study suggested that groundnut-maize(1:1)supplemented with 5%saccharin was the preferred bait combination,and can be used with different rodenticides for the management of Indian crested porcupine.
基金conducted under Animal Ethics Approval Number SAS/340/06,which was granted by the University of Queensland Animal Ethics Committee.Queensland Parks and Wildlife Services gave us permission to conduct this research on the Coral Cay National Park under research permit number WITK03717006。
文摘Introduced rodents have been eradicated from large numbers of offshore islands using toxic baits;however, toxicbaits have been linked with negative impacts on non-target species. The present study assessed the bait take oftarget (house mouse, Mus musculus) and non-target (buff banded rail, Rallus philippensis) animals on Northwestand Heron Islands in the Great Barrier Reef. Three non-toxic bait formulations (wax block, pellet and grain) weretested and each was applied at 1 kg ha–1 in six treatment grids. The tracks of animals visiting the baits were identifiedusing 30 tracking stations per treatment grid. A tracking station consisted of a track-board placed in the centre of asand-pad. Mean bait take differed significantly between the formulations: birds took more grain bait than wax blockbait;mice took more wax block than grain bait. Both mice and birds were equally selective of pellet bait. Thus, thefindings indicate that wax blocks are the most suitable formulation for future baiting programs to eradicate mice onthese and other islands.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32001210)the Opening Project of Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Prevention Technology and Equipment(Grant No.GCZXZD2301)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institution of China(Grant No.22KJB180003).
文摘Compound biological bait can replace commercial bait to ensure fish growth.The compound biogenic bait can effectively improve the water and soil environment.The key microbiome induced by compound biogenic bait plays an important role.Traditional commercial aquatic fish bait(CA)is not conducive to the scientific breeding of rice and fish in cocropping systems,and excessive feeding easily causes environmental pollution in rice fields.In this study,an environment-friendly compound biogenic bait(CB)mixed with plant-derived(PB)and animal-derived(AB)baits was proposed.The rice–crucian carp cocropping system was used as the research object,and the soil microorganisms and fish gut microorganisms were sequenced with high throughput,respectively,to verify the effect of CB application and the microbial mechanism underlying its functional effect.The results showed that the AB and PB components in CB maintain the growth of fish by improving the metabolism-related functions of fish gut microbiome and reducing the abundance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria,including Actinomadura.In particular,the PB components induced soil microbiome,such as Pseudonocardia,that participate in soil nutrient cycling and increase dissolved oxygen in water,which is key for improving rice quality and yield.This is the first study to focus on how different bait components drive key microbial communities to regulate animal–plant–environment relationships in the integrated planting and breeding patterns of paddy fields.
