Bovine babesiosis is a bovine blood protozoan disease produced by a variety of babesian insects, which is mainly transmitted by ixodes. The disease is difficult to be diagnosed in time in the early stage of onset. Mos...Bovine babesiosis is a bovine blood protozoan disease produced by a variety of babesian insects, which is mainly transmitted by ixodes. The disease is difficult to be diagnosed in time in the early stage of onset. Most veterinarians are easy to treat it as a general febrile disease. They use a large number of antibiotics, antiviral and cooling drugs to promote the improvement of the sick cattle to a certain extent. However, the disease quickly recovers to the previous state after one day, and the sick cattle are in low spirits and unwilling to move around. In the case of repeated medication, it did not get good treatment effect, resulting in the death of sick cattle and great economic losses to farmers. This paper mainly studies and analyzes the diagnostic technology of bovine babesiosis.展开更多
In this paper,we present an attempt at analyzing the seasonal pattern of the Babesiosis transmission dynamics in bovine and tick populations.The infestation rate plays an important role in the variation of infection.I...In this paper,we present an attempt at analyzing the seasonal pattern of the Babesiosis transmission dynamics in bovine and tick populations.The infestation rate plays an important role in the variation of infection.In this logic,we set out a mathematical model with variable infestation rate for the evolution of babesiosis disease.Using the(0,2)-Jacobi multi-wavelets method combined with the decoupling and quasi-linearization technique,we demonstrate the validity and applicability of our model.Then,a set of experimental data is used to validate the proposed model under the same operating conditions.The results of numerical simulations are provided to show the impact of seasonality on the transmission dynamics of Babesiosis.Eventually,a numerical study of the model varying the control parameters of babesiosis shows different scenarios about the spread of the disease.展开更多
An inefficient cellular immune response likely leads to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Resolution of chronic HCV infection in the absence of treatment is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 39-year ...An inefficient cellular immune response likely leads to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Resolution of chronic HCV infection in the absence of treatment is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 39-year old white male with a 17-year history of chronic HCV infection, who eradicated HCV following a serious illness due to co-infection with Babesia (babesiosis), Borriela Borgdorferi (Lyme disease) and Ehrlichia (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis). We hypothesize that the cellular immune response mounted by this patient in response to his infection with all three agents but in particular Babesia was suffi cient to eradicate HCV.展开更多
Objective:To determine the presence of Babesia bovis(B.bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods:Blood samples were collected fr...Objective:To determine the presence of Babesia bovis(B.bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants,including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes,from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan,Layyah,Muzaffar Garh,Bhakar,Bahawalnagar and Vehari.Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires.Different blood(hemoglobin,glucose) and serum(ALT,AST,LDH,cholesterol)parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B.bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.Results:27 out of 144 animals.from 5 out of 6 sampling districts,produced the541-bp fragment specific for B.bovis.Age of animals(P=0.02).presence of ticks on animals(P=0.04)and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds(P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area.ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.Conclusions:This study has reported for the first time the presence of B.bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output.展开更多
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) determination is a classical hematological test.Although it is a non specific laboratory parameter it is still widely used in present medicine.The author hereby briefly reviews and ...Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) determination is a classical hematological test.Although it is a non specific laboratory parameter it is still widely used in present medicine.The author hereby briefly reviews and discuses on clinical importance of ESR test for important tropical intraerythrocytic blood infection(malaria,leishmaniasis and babesiosis).展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An i...Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An in vitro combination test was performed against Babesia bovis and Theileria equi.Moreover,the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate in combination with diminazene aceturate was investigated against the growth of Babesia microti in mice using a fluorescence inhibitory assay.Results:Pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate exhibited nearly similar molecular weights.The in vitro combination of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate was synergistic on Babesia bovis and additive on Theileria equi.In addition,5 mg/kg pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with 10 mg/kg diminazene aceturate inhibited Babesia microti growth significantly compared with those observed after treatment with 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate alone from day 6 post treatment to day 12 post treatment.The combination therapy also normalized the hematological parameters of infected mice.Conclusions:An oral dose of pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with a subcutaneous dose of diminazene aceturate inhibits Babesia in vitro and in mice,suggesting it might be a new paradigm for the treatment of babesiosis.展开更多
Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease that causes severe economic losses to the cattle industry in Brazil. Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are often carriers of Babesia spp., but there are no studies that provide...Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease that causes severe economic losses to the cattle industry in Brazil. Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are often carriers of Babesia spp., but there are no studies that provide an accurate estimation of this infection in animals raised in regions of endemic stability. This study was conducted to investigate Babesia bovis and B. bigemina infections in 108 water buffaloes (50 calves and 58 adult females) located in areas of São Paulo state, where the animals were continuously exposed to Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. B. bovis and B. bigemina infections were screened by microscopic examination of blood smears, nested PCR (nPCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), which were also used to estimate the number of copies (NC) of the cytochrome b (mt-cytB) gene in the blood samples. B. bigemina was found in blood smears of three calves from Alambari herd (all with less than 0.1% parasitemia). Molecular techniques were more sensitive than blood smears to diagnose piroplasms in water buffaloes: 20.37% and 100.00% for B. bovis-infected animals and 59.26% and 100.00% for B. bigemina-infected animals, respectively for nPCR and qPCR. The NC of mt-cytB gene of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples revealed significant effects (p p ≤ 0.05) for B. bigemina (2.80 ± 0.06) than for B. bovis (2.61 ± 0.05). Within each herd-age, differences between the species’ NC values were found only in Alambari calves, which showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) NC of B. bigemina (3.48 ± 0.13). The calves and cows from Ibaté showed the lowest NC of B. bigemina (2.29 ± 0.13 and 2.63 ± 0.14) and B. bovis (2.54 ± 0.11 and 2.37 ± 0.12), respectively. These data suggest a high prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in the buffalo population in endemic areas of São Paulo state.展开更多
Background Human babesiosis,caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia(Piroplasmida,Babesiidae),is a globally emerging zoonosis transmitted primarily through Ixodes spp.ticks.Babesia microti,which is en...Background Human babesiosis,caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia(Piroplasmida,Babesiidae),is a globally emerging zoonosis transmitted primarily through Ixodes spp.ticks.Babesia microti,which is endemic particularly in the northeastern and midwestern United States,accounts for the majority of globally reported human cases.Recent studies highlight its spread to non-traditional regions and cross-border transmission,driven by climate change,blood transfusions and increased human mobility.Despite increasing reports of autochthonous B.microti infections in certain areas of China,imported cases remain critically underrecognized due to overlapping clinical manifestations with malaria and limited diagnostic awareness.Case presentation We report a diagnostically challenging case of acute B.microti infection in a 52-year-old Chinese woman,presenting with a sudden recurrent fever(39.0–41.0℃),hemolytic anemia(hemoglobin 104 g/L),thrombocytopenia(platelet 78×10^(9)/L)and splenic hypodense lesions on July 11,2023,seven days after returning from a 14-day visit to rural Wisconsin,United States.Peripheral blood smears demonstrated characteristic intraerythrocytic ring forms(parasitemia:7800 organisms/μl)and pathognomonic"Maltese cross"tetrads.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)targeting the 18S rRNA gene confirmed B.microti infection(GenBank No.PP087232),showing 99.8%identity with the US-type strain Gray(AY693840)and the sequence obtained from a US travel-acquired case in Singapore(MK609547).The patient received intravenous clindamycin(600 mg twice daily),oral dihydroartemisinin(80 mg twice daily),packed red blood cell transfusions,and supportive care,ultimately achieving full recovery after 17 days.Conclusions This study documented the first imported cases of human babesiosis in China,emphasizing the need for heightened clinical and public health vigilance.Screening travelers from endemic areas presenting with fever or hemolytic anemia for Babesia,bolstering molecular diagnosis,improving transfusion safety,and intensifying regional surveillance are crucial in reducing underdiagnosis and preventing transmission.These measures are essential for controlling babesiosis in China.展开更多
Tick-borne diseases(TBDs)pose a substantial threat to global public health,including China.This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023.We retrieved and analyz...Tick-borne diseases(TBDs)pose a substantial threat to global public health,including China.This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023.We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and distribution of notable bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs in China,and discussed their clinical characteristics,diagnostic approaches,and vectors.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is the leading TBD in China,with cases rapidly increasing since its first report in 2009,and a high case fatality rate of 5%–33%in patients with severe disease.Other TBDs reported in China include spotted fever group rickettsiosis,human granulocytic anaplasmosis,Lyme borreliosis,babesiosis,and tick-borne encephalitis.Infections with emerging tick-borne pathogens,such as Yezo virus and Beiji nairovirus,have appeared very recently.Although evidence of human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus,Francisella tularensis,and Bartonella is currently unavailable,continuous monitoring of these pathogens remains necessary.This study enhances our understanding of TBDs,provides guidance for public health decisionmaking regarding important bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs,and offers new opportunities for TBD research in China.展开更多
Background:Babesiosis is an uncommon but emerging tick-borne disease caused by the genus Babesia.In this case study,we report a case of human infection with a novel Babesia sp.in China.Findings:The patient in question...Background:Babesiosis is an uncommon but emerging tick-borne disease caused by the genus Babesia.In this case study,we report a case of human infection with a novel Babesia sp.in China.Findings:The patient in question had been suffering from repetitive occurrences of mild fever of unknown origin and fatigue for 10 years.Ring forms,tetrads,and one or two dots of chromatin or trophozoite-like organisms were observed in the patient’s thin blood smears and bone marrow smears.Using a confocal laser-scanning microscope,it was observed that the patient’s serum had reactivity with the surface proteins of the B.microti strain.Electron microscopy revealed oval red blood cells with 1~2μm of knob protrusions in the cellular membrane.The results of the Babesia-specific nested PCR assay for 18S rRNA confirmed the presence of Babesia infection.The construction of a phylogenetic relationship showed clustering with B.microti and B.duncani,which was identified as a novel Babesia species and named as Babesia sp.XXB/HangZhou.Azithromycin,doxycycline,and moxifloxacin hydrochloride were shown to relieve symptoms but were not as effective after continuous usage.After atovaquone(Mepron®)administration,the patient recovered from fever and tested negative for detection of Babesia-specific genes.Conclusion:Babesia sp.XXB/HangZhou is a novel Babesia species,which causes mild babesiosis in an immunocompetent patient.展开更多
文摘Bovine babesiosis is a bovine blood protozoan disease produced by a variety of babesian insects, which is mainly transmitted by ixodes. The disease is difficult to be diagnosed in time in the early stage of onset. Most veterinarians are easy to treat it as a general febrile disease. They use a large number of antibiotics, antiviral and cooling drugs to promote the improvement of the sick cattle to a certain extent. However, the disease quickly recovers to the previous state after one day, and the sick cattle are in low spirits and unwilling to move around. In the case of repeated medication, it did not get good treatment effect, resulting in the death of sick cattle and great economic losses to farmers. This paper mainly studies and analyzes the diagnostic technology of bovine babesiosis.
文摘In this paper,we present an attempt at analyzing the seasonal pattern of the Babesiosis transmission dynamics in bovine and tick populations.The infestation rate plays an important role in the variation of infection.In this logic,we set out a mathematical model with variable infestation rate for the evolution of babesiosis disease.Using the(0,2)-Jacobi multi-wavelets method combined with the decoupling and quasi-linearization technique,we demonstrate the validity and applicability of our model.Then,a set of experimental data is used to validate the proposed model under the same operating conditions.The results of numerical simulations are provided to show the impact of seasonality on the transmission dynamics of Babesiosis.Eventually,a numerical study of the model varying the control parameters of babesiosis shows different scenarios about the spread of the disease.
文摘An inefficient cellular immune response likely leads to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Resolution of chronic HCV infection in the absence of treatment is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 39-year old white male with a 17-year history of chronic HCV infection, who eradicated HCV following a serious illness due to co-infection with Babesia (babesiosis), Borriela Borgdorferi (Lyme disease) and Ehrlichia (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis). We hypothesize that the cellular immune response mounted by this patient in response to his infection with all three agents but in particular Babesia was suffi cient to eradicate HCV.
基金supported by the Direetorate of Research and External Linkages,Bahauddin Zakariya University.Multan.Pakistan(grant No.DR&EI/D-40 dated 05-04-2010)
文摘Objective:To determine the presence of Babesia bovis(B.bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants,including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes,from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan,Layyah,Muzaffar Garh,Bhakar,Bahawalnagar and Vehari.Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires.Different blood(hemoglobin,glucose) and serum(ALT,AST,LDH,cholesterol)parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B.bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.Results:27 out of 144 animals.from 5 out of 6 sampling districts,produced the541-bp fragment specific for B.bovis.Age of animals(P=0.02).presence of ticks on animals(P=0.04)and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds(P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area.ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.Conclusions:This study has reported for the first time the presence of B.bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output.
文摘Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) determination is a classical hematological test.Although it is a non specific laboratory parameter it is still widely used in present medicine.The author hereby briefly reviews and discuses on clinical importance of ESR test for important tropical intraerythrocytic blood infection(malaria,leishmaniasis and babesiosis).
基金supported by Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia through the project number:ISP23-73.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An in vitro combination test was performed against Babesia bovis and Theileria equi.Moreover,the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate in combination with diminazene aceturate was investigated against the growth of Babesia microti in mice using a fluorescence inhibitory assay.Results:Pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate exhibited nearly similar molecular weights.The in vitro combination of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate was synergistic on Babesia bovis and additive on Theileria equi.In addition,5 mg/kg pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with 10 mg/kg diminazene aceturate inhibited Babesia microti growth significantly compared with those observed after treatment with 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate alone from day 6 post treatment to day 12 post treatment.The combination therapy also normalized the hematological parameters of infected mice.Conclusions:An oral dose of pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with a subcutaneous dose of diminazene aceturate inhibits Babesia in vitro and in mice,suggesting it might be a new paradigm for the treatment of babesiosis.
文摘Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease that causes severe economic losses to the cattle industry in Brazil. Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are often carriers of Babesia spp., but there are no studies that provide an accurate estimation of this infection in animals raised in regions of endemic stability. This study was conducted to investigate Babesia bovis and B. bigemina infections in 108 water buffaloes (50 calves and 58 adult females) located in areas of São Paulo state, where the animals were continuously exposed to Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. B. bovis and B. bigemina infections were screened by microscopic examination of blood smears, nested PCR (nPCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), which were also used to estimate the number of copies (NC) of the cytochrome b (mt-cytB) gene in the blood samples. B. bigemina was found in blood smears of three calves from Alambari herd (all with less than 0.1% parasitemia). Molecular techniques were more sensitive than blood smears to diagnose piroplasms in water buffaloes: 20.37% and 100.00% for B. bovis-infected animals and 59.26% and 100.00% for B. bigemina-infected animals, respectively for nPCR and qPCR. The NC of mt-cytB gene of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples revealed significant effects (p p ≤ 0.05) for B. bigemina (2.80 ± 0.06) than for B. bovis (2.61 ± 0.05). Within each herd-age, differences between the species’ NC values were found only in Alambari calves, which showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) NC of B. bigemina (3.48 ± 0.13). The calves and cows from Ibaté showed the lowest NC of B. bigemina (2.29 ± 0.13 and 2.63 ± 0.14) and B. bovis (2.54 ± 0.11 and 2.37 ± 0.12), respectively. These data suggest a high prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in the buffalo population in endemic areas of São Paulo state.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2607504).
文摘Background Human babesiosis,caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia(Piroplasmida,Babesiidae),is a globally emerging zoonosis transmitted primarily through Ixodes spp.ticks.Babesia microti,which is endemic particularly in the northeastern and midwestern United States,accounts for the majority of globally reported human cases.Recent studies highlight its spread to non-traditional regions and cross-border transmission,driven by climate change,blood transfusions and increased human mobility.Despite increasing reports of autochthonous B.microti infections in certain areas of China,imported cases remain critically underrecognized due to overlapping clinical manifestations with malaria and limited diagnostic awareness.Case presentation We report a diagnostically challenging case of acute B.microti infection in a 52-year-old Chinese woman,presenting with a sudden recurrent fever(39.0–41.0℃),hemolytic anemia(hemoglobin 104 g/L),thrombocytopenia(platelet 78×10^(9)/L)and splenic hypodense lesions on July 11,2023,seven days after returning from a 14-day visit to rural Wisconsin,United States.Peripheral blood smears demonstrated characteristic intraerythrocytic ring forms(parasitemia:7800 organisms/μl)and pathognomonic"Maltese cross"tetrads.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)targeting the 18S rRNA gene confirmed B.microti infection(GenBank No.PP087232),showing 99.8%identity with the US-type strain Gray(AY693840)and the sequence obtained from a US travel-acquired case in Singapore(MK609547).The patient received intravenous clindamycin(600 mg twice daily),oral dihydroartemisinin(80 mg twice daily),packed red blood cell transfusions,and supportive care,ultimately achieving full recovery after 17 days.Conclusions This study documented the first imported cases of human babesiosis in China,emphasizing the need for heightened clinical and public health vigilance.Screening travelers from endemic areas presenting with fever or hemolytic anemia for Babesia,bolstering molecular diagnosis,improving transfusion safety,and intensifying regional surveillance are crucial in reducing underdiagnosis and preventing transmission.These measures are essential for controlling babesiosis in China.
文摘Tick-borne diseases(TBDs)pose a substantial threat to global public health,including China.This article systematically reviews the epidemiology of TBDs in Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2023.We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and distribution of notable bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs in China,and discussed their clinical characteristics,diagnostic approaches,and vectors.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is the leading TBD in China,with cases rapidly increasing since its first report in 2009,and a high case fatality rate of 5%–33%in patients with severe disease.Other TBDs reported in China include spotted fever group rickettsiosis,human granulocytic anaplasmosis,Lyme borreliosis,babesiosis,and tick-borne encephalitis.Infections with emerging tick-borne pathogens,such as Yezo virus and Beiji nairovirus,have appeared very recently.Although evidence of human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus,Francisella tularensis,and Bartonella is currently unavailable,continuous monitoring of these pathogens remains necessary.This study enhances our understanding of TBDs,provides guidance for public health decisionmaking regarding important bacterial,viral,and parasitic TBDs,and offers new opportunities for TBD research in China.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Health Research in the Public Interest,China(Grant No.201202019)the National Key Science&Technology Special Projects on Major Infectious Diseases,China(Grant No.2012ZX10004-211).
文摘Background:Babesiosis is an uncommon but emerging tick-borne disease caused by the genus Babesia.In this case study,we report a case of human infection with a novel Babesia sp.in China.Findings:The patient in question had been suffering from repetitive occurrences of mild fever of unknown origin and fatigue for 10 years.Ring forms,tetrads,and one or two dots of chromatin or trophozoite-like organisms were observed in the patient’s thin blood smears and bone marrow smears.Using a confocal laser-scanning microscope,it was observed that the patient’s serum had reactivity with the surface proteins of the B.microti strain.Electron microscopy revealed oval red blood cells with 1~2μm of knob protrusions in the cellular membrane.The results of the Babesia-specific nested PCR assay for 18S rRNA confirmed the presence of Babesia infection.The construction of a phylogenetic relationship showed clustering with B.microti and B.duncani,which was identified as a novel Babesia species and named as Babesia sp.XXB/HangZhou.Azithromycin,doxycycline,and moxifloxacin hydrochloride were shown to relieve symptoms but were not as effective after continuous usage.After atovaquone(Mepron®)administration,the patient recovered from fever and tested negative for detection of Babesia-specific genes.Conclusion:Babesia sp.XXB/HangZhou is a novel Babesia species,which causes mild babesiosis in an immunocompetent patient.
