The Internet and web security are integral aspects of our daily lives.Many commercial firms provide clients with Internet services.For web access,it is assumed that only the genuine user,who is a human,will register.Y...The Internet and web security are integral aspects of our daily lives.Many commercial firms provide clients with Internet services.For web access,it is assumed that only the genuine user,who is a human,will register.Yet automated hacking programs can also do registrations with fake data that consume a lot of bandwidth,slowing down or occasionally even shutting down websites,leading to Distributed denial-of-service attacks.Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart(CAPTCHA)is the solution.Complex CAPTCHA is challenging for humans to recognize,but simple CAPTCHA is simple for AI to decipher.With the developments in neural networks and machine learning,bots are mimicking humans,and it is becoming difficult to distinguish humans and bots apart.This generated a need to think of some more innovative and novel CAPTCHA.Now,utilizing the same AIML approach to increase the efficacy of CAPTCHA and make it stronger against the bot attack.Biometric 3D Animated Algorithm proposed in this research is a novel approach based on the Face Detection AI algorithm along with handwritten 3D animated characters selected randomly to create a string which makes CAPTCHA simple that humans can identify but very difficult for bots.The test results have proven this to be a very robust CAPTCHA.The machine learning algorithm employed will keep on increasing the efficacy of this CAPTCHA each time the bot tries to break this.展开更多
Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI).Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria,inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species a...Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI).Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria,inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,and protect mitochondria from damage.However,excessive enhancement of mitophagy greatly reduces adenosine triphosphate production and energy supply for cell survival,and aggravates cell death.How dysfunctional mitochondria are selectively recognized and engulfed is related to the interaction of adaptors on the mitochondrial membrane,which mainly include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)-induced kinase 1/Parkin,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/Bcl-2 and adenovirus e1b19k Da interacting protein 3,FUN-14 domain containing protein 1 receptor-mediated mitophagy pathway and so on.In this review,the authors briefly summarize the main pathways currently studied on mitophagy and the relationship between mitophagy and MIRI,and incorporate and analyze research data on prevention and treatment of MIRI with Chinese medicine,thereby provide relevant theoretical basis and treatment ideas for clinical prevention of MIRI.展开更多
文摘The Internet and web security are integral aspects of our daily lives.Many commercial firms provide clients with Internet services.For web access,it is assumed that only the genuine user,who is a human,will register.Yet automated hacking programs can also do registrations with fake data that consume a lot of bandwidth,slowing down or occasionally even shutting down websites,leading to Distributed denial-of-service attacks.Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart(CAPTCHA)is the solution.Complex CAPTCHA is challenging for humans to recognize,but simple CAPTCHA is simple for AI to decipher.With the developments in neural networks and machine learning,bots are mimicking humans,and it is becoming difficult to distinguish humans and bots apart.This generated a need to think of some more innovative and novel CAPTCHA.Now,utilizing the same AIML approach to increase the efficacy of CAPTCHA and make it stronger against the bot attack.Biometric 3D Animated Algorithm proposed in this research is a novel approach based on the Face Detection AI algorithm along with handwritten 3D animated characters selected randomly to create a string which makes CAPTCHA simple that humans can identify but very difficult for bots.The test results have proven this to be a very robust CAPTCHA.The machine learning algorithm employed will keep on increasing the efficacy of this CAPTCHA each time the bot tries to break this.
基金Supported by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Research and Innovation Team Project(No.2019-JYB-TD-08)Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803906)。
文摘Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI).Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria,inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,and protect mitochondria from damage.However,excessive enhancement of mitophagy greatly reduces adenosine triphosphate production and energy supply for cell survival,and aggravates cell death.How dysfunctional mitochondria are selectively recognized and engulfed is related to the interaction of adaptors on the mitochondrial membrane,which mainly include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)-induced kinase 1/Parkin,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/Bcl-2 and adenovirus e1b19k Da interacting protein 3,FUN-14 domain containing protein 1 receptor-mediated mitophagy pathway and so on.In this review,the authors briefly summarize the main pathways currently studied on mitophagy and the relationship between mitophagy and MIRI,and incorporate and analyze research data on prevention and treatment of MIRI with Chinese medicine,thereby provide relevant theoretical basis and treatment ideas for clinical prevention of MIRI.
