在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)中,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的发生率最高,其异质性明显。利妥昔单抗的出现极大改善了患者的预后及生存,其联合CHOP成为经典一线治疗方案,50%~70%患...在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)中,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的发生率最高,其异质性明显。利妥昔单抗的出现极大改善了患者的预后及生存,其联合CHOP成为经典一线治疗方案,50%~70%患者可治愈,但仍有30%~50%因耐药等原因反应差或在缓解后复发。复发难治DLBCL,尤其是无法自体造血干细胞移植或移植后复发病人的治疗是目前亟待解决的问题。随着对靶向免疫治疗研究的不断深入,许多药物不断进入临床应用或正在开发中,该文主要就单克隆抗体、双特异性抗体、抗体药物偶联物、选择性核出口蛋白抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体T细胞、程序性死亡受体/配体1抑制剂等药物作一简要综述。展开更多
背景:选择合适的陶瓷材料对口腔全瓷美学修复尤为重要。在口腔修复体美学性能研究中,多使用色差值和透光性作为评价指标,影响全瓷修复体色差和透光性的因素主要有陶瓷材料的种类、色调、厚度、加工工艺以及基牙颜色和粘接剂等。目的:探...背景:选择合适的陶瓷材料对口腔全瓷美学修复尤为重要。在口腔修复体美学性能研究中,多使用色差值和透光性作为评价指标,影响全瓷修复体色差和透光性的因素主要有陶瓷材料的种类、色调、厚度、加工工艺以及基牙颜色和粘接剂等。目的:探究材料种类及厚度对全瓷修复体美学性能的影响。方法:选取各类可切削陶瓷中6种代表性的材料(常规氧化锆ZR-ST、树脂基陶瓷RC、高透氧化锆ZR-TT、白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷LE、二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷LD及长石质瓷FP),每种材料分别制备成0.8,1.0,1.5 mm厚的10.0 mm×12.5 mm长方体陶瓷试件,进行对应的表面处理后与树脂试件(代表基牙)粘接制成陶瓷-树脂复合体试件,测算粘接前后的CIEL^(*)a^(*)b^(*)、色差值ΔE及透光率值。结果与结论:①当基牙厚度未达到无限光学厚度时,陶瓷材料的种类和厚度共同影响修复体的颜色和透光率值。当陶瓷试件厚度不超过1.0 mm时,与树脂片粘接后的颜色普遍向蓝红趋近;当陶瓷试件厚度为1.5 mm时,与树脂片粘接后的颜色普遍向蓝绿趋近,提示在全瓷修复体比色时可通过颜色预补偿优化美学匹配。②除厚度1.5 mm ZR-ST陶瓷试件外,粘接后各组陶瓷试件与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE均低于5,0.8 mm ZR-ST陶瓷试件与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE接近3,1.0 mm ZR-TT陶瓷试件与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE小于3,提示在微创修复过程中,若患牙透光率不高且美学修复空间不足、对材料强度要求高时,ZR-TT和ZR-ST陶瓷可能是潜在的选择。③陶瓷试件的透光率值在粘接后降低,并随陶瓷厚度的增加显著降低。RC陶瓷试件的透光率值高,粘接后与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE接近3,光学性能出色。展开更多
Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is cha...Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.展开更多
文摘在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)中,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的发生率最高,其异质性明显。利妥昔单抗的出现极大改善了患者的预后及生存,其联合CHOP成为经典一线治疗方案,50%~70%患者可治愈,但仍有30%~50%因耐药等原因反应差或在缓解后复发。复发难治DLBCL,尤其是无法自体造血干细胞移植或移植后复发病人的治疗是目前亟待解决的问题。随着对靶向免疫治疗研究的不断深入,许多药物不断进入临床应用或正在开发中,该文主要就单克隆抗体、双特异性抗体、抗体药物偶联物、选择性核出口蛋白抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体T细胞、程序性死亡受体/配体1抑制剂等药物作一简要综述。
文摘背景:选择合适的陶瓷材料对口腔全瓷美学修复尤为重要。在口腔修复体美学性能研究中,多使用色差值和透光性作为评价指标,影响全瓷修复体色差和透光性的因素主要有陶瓷材料的种类、色调、厚度、加工工艺以及基牙颜色和粘接剂等。目的:探究材料种类及厚度对全瓷修复体美学性能的影响。方法:选取各类可切削陶瓷中6种代表性的材料(常规氧化锆ZR-ST、树脂基陶瓷RC、高透氧化锆ZR-TT、白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷LE、二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷LD及长石质瓷FP),每种材料分别制备成0.8,1.0,1.5 mm厚的10.0 mm×12.5 mm长方体陶瓷试件,进行对应的表面处理后与树脂试件(代表基牙)粘接制成陶瓷-树脂复合体试件,测算粘接前后的CIEL^(*)a^(*)b^(*)、色差值ΔE及透光率值。结果与结论:①当基牙厚度未达到无限光学厚度时,陶瓷材料的种类和厚度共同影响修复体的颜色和透光率值。当陶瓷试件厚度不超过1.0 mm时,与树脂片粘接后的颜色普遍向蓝红趋近;当陶瓷试件厚度为1.5 mm时,与树脂片粘接后的颜色普遍向蓝绿趋近,提示在全瓷修复体比色时可通过颜色预补偿优化美学匹配。②除厚度1.5 mm ZR-ST陶瓷试件外,粘接后各组陶瓷试件与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE均低于5,0.8 mm ZR-ST陶瓷试件与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE接近3,1.0 mm ZR-TT陶瓷试件与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE小于3,提示在微创修复过程中,若患牙透光率不高且美学修复空间不足、对材料强度要求高时,ZR-TT和ZR-ST陶瓷可能是潜在的选择。③陶瓷试件的透光率值在粘接后降低,并随陶瓷厚度的增加显著降低。RC陶瓷试件的透光率值高,粘接后与树脂片之间的色差值ΔE接近3,光学性能出色。
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023ZL156(to YH)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022020304(to XG)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2023J019(to YH)Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province,No.2022E10026(to YH)。
文摘Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.
