Aim： To examine the expression and regulation of integral membrane protein 2b （Itm2b） in rat male reproductive tissues during sexual maturation and under different treatments by in situ hybridization. Methods： Tes...Aim： To examine the expression and regulation of integral membrane protein 2b （Itm2b） in rat male reproductive tissues during sexual maturation and under different treatments by in situ hybridization. Methods： Testis, epididymis, and vas deferens were collected on days 1-70 to examine Itm2b expression during sexual maturation. To further examine the regulation of Itm2b, adult rats underwent surgical castration and cryptorchidism. Ethylene dimethane sulfonate and busulfan treatments were carried out to test the regulation of Itm2b after destruction of Leydig cells and germ cells. Results： In testis, Itm2b expression was moderately detected in the adluminal area of seminiferous cords on days 1-10, and detected at a low level in the spermatogonia on days 20 and 30. The Itm2b level was markedly increased in Leydig cells from day 20 to day 70. In epididymis and vas deferens, Itm2b was detected from neonate to adults, and the signal gradually increased in accordance with sexual maturation. Itm2b expression was significantly downregulated in epididymis and vas deferens of castrated rats, and strongly stimulated when castrated rats were treated with testosterone. Cryptorchidism led to a significant decline of Itm2b expression in testis and caput epididymis. Itm2b expression in epididymis and vas deferens was significantly decreased after the Leydig ceils were destroyed by ethylene dimethane sulfonate. Busulfan treatment produced no obvious change in Itm2b expression in epididymis or vas deferens. Conelusion： Our data suggested that Itm2b expression is upregulated by testosterone and might play a role in rat male reproduction.展开更多
Brillouin amplification is a new method to obtain high power hundred-picosecond laser pulses for shock ignition. The laser pulse＇s intensity can be amplified to 10 GW/cm^2 through this method. In order to determine t...Brillouin amplification is a new method to obtain high power hundred-picosecond laser pulses for shock ignition. The laser pulse＇s intensity can be amplified to 10 GW/cm^2 through this method. In order to determine the near-field quality, the relationship between the Brillouin amplification gain and the B integral in the stimulated Brillouin scattering（SBS） energy transfer process was studied, and numerical simulations and calculations were carried out to explain the process. For achieving an output intensity of 10 GW/cm^2 under the condition that the effect of small–scale self-focusing is insignificant in the Brillouin amplification, the influence of the configuration parameters on the Brillouin amplification and the B integral was investigated. The results showed that the 10 GW/cm^2 high power output can be obtained by optimizing the intensities of the pump and Stokes light and choosing an appropriate SBS medium.展开更多
基金Acknowledgment This work was supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2006CB504005 and No. 2006CB944009） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30330060 and No. 30570198）.
文摘Aim： To examine the expression and regulation of integral membrane protein 2b （Itm2b） in rat male reproductive tissues during sexual maturation and under different treatments by in situ hybridization. Methods： Testis, epididymis, and vas deferens were collected on days 1-70 to examine Itm2b expression during sexual maturation. To further examine the regulation of Itm2b, adult rats underwent surgical castration and cryptorchidism. Ethylene dimethane sulfonate and busulfan treatments were carried out to test the regulation of Itm2b after destruction of Leydig cells and germ cells. Results： In testis, Itm2b expression was moderately detected in the adluminal area of seminiferous cords on days 1-10, and detected at a low level in the spermatogonia on days 20 and 30. The Itm2b level was markedly increased in Leydig cells from day 20 to day 70. In epididymis and vas deferens, Itm2b was detected from neonate to adults, and the signal gradually increased in accordance with sexual maturation. Itm2b expression was significantly downregulated in epididymis and vas deferens of castrated rats, and strongly stimulated when castrated rats were treated with testosterone. Cryptorchidism led to a significant decline of Itm2b expression in testis and caput epididymis. Itm2b expression in epididymis and vas deferens was significantly decreased after the Leydig ceils were destroyed by ethylene dimethane sulfonate. Busulfan treatment produced no obvious change in Itm2b expression in epididymis or vas deferens. Conelusion： Our data suggested that Itm2b expression is upregulated by testosterone and might play a role in rat male reproduction.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61378007 and 61138005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.HIT.IBRSEM.A.201409)
文摘Brillouin amplification is a new method to obtain high power hundred-picosecond laser pulses for shock ignition. The laser pulse＇s intensity can be amplified to 10 GW/cm^2 through this method. In order to determine the near-field quality, the relationship between the Brillouin amplification gain and the B integral in the stimulated Brillouin scattering（SBS） energy transfer process was studied, and numerical simulations and calculations were carried out to explain the process. For achieving an output intensity of 10 GW/cm^2 under the condition that the effect of small–scale self-focusing is insignificant in the Brillouin amplification, the influence of the configuration parameters on the Brillouin amplification and the B integral was investigated. The results showed that the 10 GW/cm^2 high power output can be obtained by optimizing the intensities of the pump and Stokes light and choosing an appropriate SBS medium.
