The quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons are calculated using Nilsson+BCS model for the neutron-rich even-even rare-earth nuclei.This is used to study the saturation of B(E2)'s in this mass region....The quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons are calculated using Nilsson+BCS model for the neutron-rich even-even rare-earth nuclei.This is used to study the saturation of B(E2)'s in this mass region.The neutron numbers at which saturation of B(E2)occurs are calculated for each isotopic chain.In particular,the calculation suggests that B(E2)saturation may occur in the 2nd half of the 82-126 major shell in erbium and ytterbium.展开更多
Recently,the very small B(E2;2^(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value of 7(4)W.u.in^(166)Os was found experimentally.This result is much smaller than the values of 74(13)W.u.and 97(9)W.u.in the adjacent nuclei^(168,170)Os.Using the...Recently,the very small B(E2;2^(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value of 7(4)W.u.in^(166)Os was found experimentally.This result is much smaller than the values of 74(13)W.u.and 97(9)W.u.in the adjacent nuclei^(168,170)Os.Using the newly proposed technique called"SU(3)analysis"and the new explanatory framework for the SU(3)anomaly,the B(E2;2^(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))anomaly in^(166)Os is studied for the first time.Four results are used to fit the experimental data in^(166,168,170)Os successfully.This implies that the level-crossing or level-anticrossing explanation is applicable.展开更多
The energy levels and the E2 transition probabilities B(E2)of uranium isotopes ^(230-238)U are calculated by the 1/N expansion technique with the consistent Q framework in sdIBMl.The energy spectra for the five isotop...The energy levels and the E2 transition probabilities B(E2)of uranium isotopes ^(230-238)U are calculated by the 1/N expansion technique with the consistent Q framework in sdIBMl.The energy spectra for the five isotopes and B(E2)of ^(236)U can be reproduced quite well with a few number of parameters only.展开更多
AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of B-1 cells on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro.METHODS Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c andBALB/c XID mice were infe...AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of B-1 cells on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro.METHODS Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c andBALB/c XID mice were infected with L. major and cultured in the presence or absence of B-1 cells obtained from wild-type BALB/c mice. Intracellular amastigotes were counted, and interleukin-10(IL-10) production was quantified in the cellular supernatants using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The levels of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were determined using a PGE2 enzyme immunoassay kit(Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI), and the number of lipid bodies was quantified in the cytoplasm of infected macrophages in the presence and absence of B-1 cells. Culturing the cells with selective PGE2-neutralizing drugs inhibited PGE2 production and confirmed the role of this lipid mediator in IL-10 production. In contrast, we demonstrated that B-1 cells derived from IL-10 KO mice did not favor the intracellular growth of L. major.RESULTS We report that B-1 cells promote the growth of L. major amastigotes inside peritoneal murine macrophages. We demonstrated that the modulatory effect was independent of physical contact between the cells, suggesting that soluble factor(s) were released into the cultures. We demonstrated in our co-culture system that B-1 cells trigger IL-10 production by L. major-infected macrophages. Furthermore, the increased secretion of IL-10 was attributed to the presence of the lipid mediator PGE2 in supernatants of L. major-infected macrophages. The presence of B-1 cells also favors the production of lipid bodies by infected macrophages. In contrast, we failed to obtain the same effect on parasite replication inside L. major-infected macrophages when the B-1 cells were isolated from IL-10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our results show that elevated levels of PGE2 and IL-10 produced by B-1 cells increase L. major growth, as indicated by the number of parasites in cell cultures.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19375029Science Fund of China Nuclear Industry Incorporation under Grant No.J95AY5021Fund for Excellent Young University Teachers of Chinese National Education Commission.
文摘The quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons are calculated using Nilsson+BCS model for the neutron-rich even-even rare-earth nuclei.This is used to study the saturation of B(E2)'s in this mass region.The neutron numbers at which saturation of B(E2)occurs are calculated for each isotopic chain.In particular,the calculation suggests that B(E2)saturation may occur in the 2nd half of the 82-126 major shell in erbium and ytterbium.
文摘Recently,the very small B(E2;2^(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value of 7(4)W.u.in^(166)Os was found experimentally.This result is much smaller than the values of 74(13)W.u.and 97(9)W.u.in the adjacent nuclei^(168,170)Os.Using the newly proposed technique called"SU(3)analysis"and the new explanatory framework for the SU(3)anomaly,the B(E2;2^(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))anomaly in^(166)Os is studied for the first time.Four results are used to fit the experimental data in^(166,168,170)Os successfully.This implies that the level-crossing or level-anticrossing explanation is applicable.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The energy levels and the E2 transition probabilities B(E2)of uranium isotopes ^(230-238)U are calculated by the 1/N expansion technique with the consistent Q framework in sdIBMl.The energy spectra for the five isotopes and B(E2)of ^(236)U can be reproduced quite well with a few number of parameters only.
文摘AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of B-1 cells on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro.METHODS Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c andBALB/c XID mice were infected with L. major and cultured in the presence or absence of B-1 cells obtained from wild-type BALB/c mice. Intracellular amastigotes were counted, and interleukin-10(IL-10) production was quantified in the cellular supernatants using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The levels of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were determined using a PGE2 enzyme immunoassay kit(Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI), and the number of lipid bodies was quantified in the cytoplasm of infected macrophages in the presence and absence of B-1 cells. Culturing the cells with selective PGE2-neutralizing drugs inhibited PGE2 production and confirmed the role of this lipid mediator in IL-10 production. In contrast, we demonstrated that B-1 cells derived from IL-10 KO mice did not favor the intracellular growth of L. major.RESULTS We report that B-1 cells promote the growth of L. major amastigotes inside peritoneal murine macrophages. We demonstrated that the modulatory effect was independent of physical contact between the cells, suggesting that soluble factor(s) were released into the cultures. We demonstrated in our co-culture system that B-1 cells trigger IL-10 production by L. major-infected macrophages. Furthermore, the increased secretion of IL-10 was attributed to the presence of the lipid mediator PGE2 in supernatants of L. major-infected macrophages. The presence of B-1 cells also favors the production of lipid bodies by infected macrophages. In contrast, we failed to obtain the same effect on parasite replication inside L. major-infected macrophages when the B-1 cells were isolated from IL-10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our results show that elevated levels of PGE2 and IL-10 produced by B-1 cells increase L. major growth, as indicated by the number of parasites in cell cultures.
