This study analyzes the evolving geopolitical dynamics of the South Caucasus,with a particular focus on the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict and its implications for regional and global power structures.Through a qualitati...This study analyzes the evolving geopolitical dynamics of the South Caucasus,with a particular focus on the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict and its implications for regional and global power structures.Through a qualitative geopolitical approach,the research examines historical continuities,alliance transformations,and the strategies of major actors,including the United States,Russia,Iran,Turkey,and Israel.Primary data sources include government reports,academic publications,and contemporary news analyses,providing a multi-faceted perspective on the shifting security environment.The findings suggest that Armenia’s pivot toward Western alliances and Azerbaijan’s strategic balancing between Russia and Israel are reshaping the regional order.Furthermore,the study identifies the South Caucasus as a key intersection where global strategic rivalries increasingly influence local conflicts.By situating the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict within broader patterns of geopolitical competition,this research contributes to the scholarship on Eurasian security studies and offers insights into the future trajectory of conflict and cooperation in the region.It also highlights avenues for further investigation,including the internal political developments within Armenia and Azerbaijan and the role of intermediary states in shaping great power rivalries.展开更多
This study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of geothermal energy for heating applications in Azerbaijan,with a specific focus on the Khachmaz region.Despite the country’s growing interest in sustainable en...This study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of geothermal energy for heating applications in Azerbaijan,with a specific focus on the Khachmaz region.Despite the country’s growing interest in sustainable energy,limited research has addressed the potential of ground-source heat pump(GSHP)systems under local climatic and soil conditions.To address this gap,the study employs GeoT*SOL simulation to evaluate systemperformance,incorporating site-specific parameters such as soil thermal conductivity,heating demand profiles,and regional weather data.The results show that the GSHP system achieves a maximum seasonal performance factor(SPF)of 5.62 and an average SPF of 4.86,indicating high operational efficiency.Additionally,the system provides an estimated annual CO_(2) emissions reduction of 1956 kg per household,highlighting its environmental benefits.Comparative analysis with conventional heating systems demonstrates considerable energy savings and emissions mitigation.The study identifies technical(e.g.,initial installation complexity)and economic(e.g.,high upfront costs)challenges to widespread implementation.Based on these insights,practical recommendations are proposed:policymakers are encouraged to support financial incentives and policy frameworks;urban planners should consider GSHP integration in regional heating plans;and engineers may adopt the simulation-based approach presented here for feasibility studies.This research contributes to the strategic advancement of renewable heating technologies in Azerbaijan.展开更多
The paper gives two examples of larger construction projects with typical stability problems. The first example is from Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. It is connected with a construction of oil and gas pipel...The paper gives two examples of larger construction projects with typical stability problems. The first example is from Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. It is connected with a construction of oil and gas pipelines through the mountainous terrain in Makarov region. The region has an active geotectonic history and is highly affected by uncontrolled erosion and extensive landslips. Basic principles of landslide hazard mitigation are presented. The second example is from a motorway construction in Azerbaijan. This motorway leads from Baku to Russia through a seismo-tectonically active area at the toe of Caucasian mountains and in some places is situated in deep cuts at the toe of high slopes. This unsuitable routing, together with seismic activity, led to a slope stability failure of a slope affected by recent tectonic movements near the village of Devechi. Stability conditions and designed remedy measures are presented.展开更多
Based on extensive field work in the northern Zagros Mountains, a new subspecies of Darevskia raddei （Boettger, 1892） from the west Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran is described. The new subspecies is distingu...Based on extensive field work in the northern Zagros Mountains, a new subspecies of Darevskia raddei （Boettger, 1892） from the west Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran is described. The new subspecies is distinguishable from all the other three subspecies of D. raddei based on the combination of several distinguishing characters, such as dorsal body with 50-55 oval to round, smooth, or very weakly keeled, scales, 25-31 scales across the gular region, 18-20 femoral pores on each side of body （reaching the knee）, 29-31 tuberculate lamellae under the fourth toe, 11-12 supraciliaries, 9-11 collars and a specific color pattern. The new subspecies meets all the morphological characters described by Eiselt et al. （1993） for an undefined and intermediate form between D. raddei raddei in the east of and D. r vanensis in the west of the distribution range of the species.展开更多
The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jur...The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks.The Cu-Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite,gold,sphalerite,pyrite,bornite,hematite,covellite,chalcocite,malachite,and azurite.The Goshgarchay copper-gold deposit,which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long,is seen as a faultcontrolled and vein-,stockwork-and disseminated type deposit.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu(max.64500 ppm)and Au(max.11.3 ppm),while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn(max.437 ppm),Mo(max.47.5 ppm),Pb(max.134 ppm),and Ag(max.21 ppm).The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage Ⅰ range from 380℃ to 327℃,and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.Thand salinities in quartz for stage Ⅱ range from 304℃ to 253℃,and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.The calculated δ^(34)S_(h2s)values(-1.5‰ to 5.5‰)of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ^(34)S_(h2s) values of chalcopyrite and bornite(between -0.07‰ and +0.7‰)indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au mineralization is magmatic.Based on the mineralogical,geochemical,fluid inclusion,and sulfur isotopic data,the Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.展开更多
In this paper the overview of a level of study of the deformation processes on long-term petroleum field development and ecological consequences accompanying them is given. In more details these processes are consider...In this paper the overview of a level of study of the deformation processes on long-term petroleum field development and ecological consequences accompanying them is given. In more details these processes are considered for the oldest Absheron petroleum bearing region (Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan) where fields are strongly depleted and the pressure drop reaches 80% from initial values. Ecological consequences of this phenomenon are the following: development in area of petroleum fields Balakhany-Sabunchi-Ramany, Surakhany, Garachukhur, Bibi-Eybat intensive process of ground subsiding (up to 47 mm/year) and flooding, frequent incidences of curved boreholes, breaks in oil, gas, and water pipelines, and sudden kicks of water and sand, occurrence of the induced seismicity (Surakhany earthquake in 1937 with magnitude 6). With purpose of forecasting of geodynamic processes creation on petroleum production complexes of system of the environmental control is recommended.展开更多
Our aim is to analyze sustainability on energy governance,recent trends of the electricity sector in Azerbaijan,in particular,the degree of efficiency of the electricity system and the tariff structure to give recomme...Our aim is to analyze sustainability on energy governance,recent trends of the electricity sector in Azerbaijan,in particular,the degree of efficiency of the electricity system and the tariff structure to give recommendations for future development and perspectives of energy sector development in Azerbaijan.We argue that government policy should be oriented towards identification of those factors that seek energy efficiency for sustainable development,uncover several laws,ensuring energy security,and encourage electricity market.Besides that by comparing electricity tariffs in Azerbaijan with some other European countries,we find advantages in the Azerbaijan-EU partnership on the energy field,thus we propose appropriate forms of cooperation regarding to European Neighborhood Policy.展开更多
This study has been investigated some pipeline lines after collapsing process of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from Azerbaijan to Europe and another alternative ways from Russia. As we know Russia is a big power...This study has been investigated some pipeline lines after collapsing process of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from Azerbaijan to Europe and another alternative ways from Russia. As we know Russia is a big power as from economic, defensive, and political aspects, as that＇s in ruler position in the region. So, USA from another side of the world as a super power of the world could make dimension of those pipelines from transit of Turkey. That＇s why new Nabucco project has been also cancelled by Russia＇s power. This article has been studied newly established project of Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Line Project （TANAP） from Azerbaijan＇s oil and gas department; Ministry＇s State Petroleum Company＇s （SOCAR） project has not been cancelled by Turkish Petroleum Company （TPAO）. So TANAP＇s advantages and disadvantages have been researched in this article.展开更多
In order to prevent a decline in its area,mostly caused by problems in natural regeneration,the present study was carried out to revise the list of Juniperus species in wild flora of Azerbaijan Republic.The presented ...In order to prevent a decline in its area,mostly caused by problems in natural regeneration,the present study was carried out to revise the list of Juniperus species in wild flora of Azerbaijan Republic.The presented article is devoted to taxonomic revision of Juniperus L.species wildly distributed in Azerbaijan.A simplified key for identification species from wild flora and the distribution map for Juniperus species have been compiled for the area.展开更多
A major problem today is the existence of territories, usually breakaway regions that have been part of a larger union under dissatisfactory conditions, which have set themselves up as states but does not recognized b...A major problem today is the existence of territories, usually breakaway regions that have been part of a larger union under dissatisfactory conditions, which have set themselves up as states but does not recognized by much of the world. Such regions present both regional and global problems. In this study, the Russia-Georgia War and its accompanying domestic politics are examined, including the policies of unrecognized states, using Georgia and Azerbaijan as examples. The Russian factor caused difficulties for Azerbaijan and Georgia in terms of recovering their land; however, the lack of a common standard for state recognition in the international community is also to blame for their difficulties. This study aims to demonstrate the need for a new common standard that considers historical backgrounds and legal aspects in helping such troubled territories return to normal.展开更多
The chosen study mainly concerns on the migration issue,which has become a phenomenon in the European Union’s political economy in the contemporary era,within the recent years,which identifies the role of migrants in...The chosen study mainly concerns on the migration issue,which has become a phenomenon in the European Union’s political economy in the contemporary era,within the recent years,which identifies the role of migrants in Azerbaijani labor market and other areas of economic integration involving the current trends,challenges,and perspectives in the political or socio-economic fields.The long-brewing Civil War in Syria created a large-scale trajectory of migrants,resulting in a massive influx of refugees from Turkey to Greece and then to Germany.Recently,the issue of migration is now transforming into a phenomenon among the member states of the European Union prompting them to take immediate action and make crucial decisions in the country’s political economy.As a result,modern migration can play a pivotal role both for the EU and for Azerbaijan in the direction of flow of people,capital and services,remittances,improving socio-economic well-being and the cheap labor force in the international labor market.The key criterion of the study is to identify specific ways in which persons or migrants who are involved in the migration process can be able to also contribute to the sustainable economic development of the region by positively influencing IDPs on the local population,labor market activities,and overall political and economic activity.The main idea behind the research is to investigate the economic integration of immigrants in Azerbaijan through its original theoretical and empirical study of migration that plays an important role in the EU’s political economy.The research aims to better regulate labor migration processes in Azerbaijan with the help of the European Union and to optimize the impact on labor productivity in the country by providing economic integration of migrants in the local labor market.The main focus of this study is to identify the role of the European Union in the economic integration of immigrants in Azerbaijan,the legal migration and migration process,based on the Joint Declaration on Resettlement Partnership launched between the EU and Azerbaijan.展开更多
The emergence of the COVID-19 crisis,similar to the financial crisis of the 1980s and 1990s,has once more threatened the international economic systems.The rapid transmission of the Coronavirus has created travel bans...The emergence of the COVID-19 crisis,similar to the financial crisis of the 1980s and 1990s,has once more threatened the international economic systems.The rapid transmission of the Coronavirus has created travel bans and commuting restrictions on national and international scales,causing a severe recession in the world economy.This is more conspicuous in oil-exporting countries as petroleum products and prices have plummeted down.A good example of the countries that depend on oil and gas exports is Azerbaijan,a country whose domestic economy has not been unaffected by the COVID-19 crisis.This study explores how the COVID-19 crisis has affected Azerbaijan’s economic security.The hypothesis is that due to this pandemic and the reduction of petroleum prices on an international scale,the Azerbaijan’s economy now has declined and the government faces the reduction of oil production,and the devaluation of Azerbaijan’s currency,manat.Moreover,travel bans due to the Coronavirus have dramatically affected Azerbaijan’s other economic sectors and industries such as tourism.All these issues have seriously threatened Azerbaijan’s economic security and the economy will not grow significantly in the near future.展开更多
The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shir...The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shirinov, an associate professor at the faculty of Theology at Baku State University, S. Hasanli, a rector of Baku Islamic University and G Suleymanov, a leader of Azerbaijan Salafi community, which were recorded during the scientific visit in Azerbaijan.展开更多
An assessment of radiologically enhanced residual materials generated during oil and gas production in near Baku, Azerbaijan, was conducted. Distribution of the <sup>228</sup>Ra/<sup>226</sup>R...An assessment of radiologically enhanced residual materials generated during oil and gas production in near Baku, Azerbaijan, was conducted. Distribution of the <sup>228</sup>Ra/<sup>226</sup>Ra Activity Ratio (AR) with depth in a sediment core from radium lake was examined. The dashed line represented ingrowth assuming that <sup>228</sup>Ra was below equilibrium with <sup>232</sup>Th in the young sediments near the top and reached equilibrium at a depth around 10 cm. In this study the radium isotopic data are used to provide estimates of the age of formation of the radiobarite contaminant and age of oil field lake. The results indicate that, the upper two layers in the core (up to 4 cm) contain fallout <sup>137</sup>Cs so at least these layers are no older than about 40 yrs. Formation waters that are sent to disposal ponds may consist of accumulated heavy hydrocarbons, paraffin, inorganic solids, and heavy emulsions. We report here results of chemical and radiochemical measurements from formation waters separated from oil pumped from approximately 700 m below ground near Baku, Azerbaijan. Our results also include data from a formation water storage pond (“radium lake”) where the waters are temporarily stored after oil is separated and then eventually disposed of by pumping into the Caspian Sea. We also analyzed the associated sediment for radiochemical components. Our study was intended to investigate how radium fractionated between the pond water and sediments.展开更多
For the understanding of geniuses,historical figures,artists,and every individual as a whole,it is necessary to study his era,because various global and even the smallest(subconscious)events that take place in all era...For the understanding of geniuses,historical figures,artists,and every individual as a whole,it is necessary to study his era,because various global and even the smallest(subconscious)events that take place in all eras have their influence on the human consciousness from the womb to the grave.In this existence(consciousness),the events of the era,which are infinite in scale,are transformed into a treasure of thought(archive).This treasure,which is in the essence of“infinity”(∞-),is enriched step by step from simple knowledge to fundamental scientific knowledge,thus shaping his worldview through countless events.From this point of view,era and worldview are phenomena that are in unity and one determines the other.In other words,the highest determination of philosophy-when explaining the concept of time with questions,the idea covered by it,man,nature,etc.,answers related to the worldview factor are given in the contents and essences.Or,on the contrary,the understanding of the worldview of any person acquires an objective-logical value with the characteristics of his era.Because of its position,it is worth noting that every era leaves its mark on history with“extraordinary”important memory phenomena that change the world and hold the whole world and mankind under its charm,which is also considered as globalization in the world with the current terminology(globalization in the old dictionary).Also,each period has its own historical content and the fact that the most global event,including the genius,is named in honor of the person of the time,contains the importance of this or that period,as well as the historical stage,Stone Age,Antiquity,Renaissance,Enlightenment-Modernism,“Golden Age”,Critical Socialism,etc.A feature of the periods is related to the human factor.There had never been a period in history that did not produce its own geniuses and historical personalities.It is not even an exception to the eras related to the names of geniuses and historical figures.For example,the 11th-19th centuries are called the“Dark Ages”or the Homeric era,as well as Homeric Greece.In addition to Shakespeare era,Golden era,Voltaire(Voltaire era),etc.,there are periods of people who left a mark on history with negative thoughts,Stalin era,Adolf Hitler era,etc.There are still geniuses;they are considered as the Man of the century,the hero of the century.As an example of such historical figures,we can show“people”of different centuries,for example,Socrates,Aristotle,Galileo Galilei,Confucius,and countless geniuses,including K.Marx,V.I.Lenin,A.Einstein,M.K.Atatürk,M.Gandhi,etc.;when their names are mentioned,this or that period comes to mind.In this regard,the 20th century is no exception.He entered the history of world politics as an outstanding statesman in the 20th century,who left his mark with the deep content of the events unfolding in history,his successes,and achievements,as well as his complex and even tragic days.In this article,we will talk about the“era”of Heydar Aliyev,the great leader of the Azerbaijani people,one of the geniuses of the 20th century,a powerful state builder,outstanding national leader-the life of his birth,80 years of life service to his people with honor.In our opinion,our analyses,facts,and evaluations will add an important page to the world scientific to world scientific thought and political-philosophical history.展开更多
The Republic of Azerbaijan is home to several ethnic groups, religious communities, and nationalities that coexist in a diverse society. Understanding one of the core aspects of Azerbaijani social identity, such as it...The Republic of Azerbaijan is home to several ethnic groups, religious communities, and nationalities that coexist in a diverse society. Understanding one of the core aspects of Azerbaijani social identity, such as its Turkic component, sheds light on this theme. There is a common sentiment widely shared in society, which assumes that ethnic and religious diversity in Azerbaijan is purely superstructural, while Turkophone is regarded mostly as something inevitable and essential, a result of historical destiny and the outcome of location. In contrast, contemplating the phenomenon of the “Turkophone identity of Azerbaijan” is paramount both in terms of contemporary assessment and with respect to historical depth and cultural relevance. Moreover, it demonstrates that the Turkic ideological context is not only crucial to articulating the Azerbaijani national mythology, but also constitutes an economic realm of today’s politics of statistics and architectonic ethnic folklore. Ethnicity, as primarily a cultural phenomenon, opens the path for the identification of the intelligentsia and small cultural elite with the upper-class elements and for the detection of the indifference of other social strata or sections to any ethnic group. Yet the Turkic mythology could not operate like a traditional integration in a thoroughly stratified Oriental society because the Caucasus societies were, and are predominantly so, underdeveloped, preclassical, or lowest-class, semi-nomadic. The Turkic identity should, in the first instance, be examined conceptually and empirically in all these layers before and rather than in small networks stretched over the whole region. Turkic heritage operates today as a necessary component of national identification in scholarly literature and in everyday policy, the Turkic ideology has become a part of the first line of national country report writing in Azerbaijan. This will be an attempt to scrutinize these links not as separate issues but as more or less dialectic contours of the same dynamic identity.展开更多
Distillate fractions of Azerbaijan’s oil-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel were tested as a raw material for producing carbon nanotubes. Aerosol CVD technique was employed at atmospheric and low pressures and ferrocene w...Distillate fractions of Azerbaijan’s oil-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel were tested as a raw material for producing carbon nanotubes. Aerosol CVD technique was employed at atmospheric and low pressures and ferrocene was used as a catalyst. It is shown that at atmospheric pressures carbon nanotubes were formed only from a gasoline fraction. Lower pressure in the reactor during the synthesis process leads to formation of carbon tubular structure from both petroleum fractions-gasoline and jet fuel. Other modifications of carbon were grown at atmospheric pressure in a case used fraction jet fuel and diesel fraction. MWCNTs with diameters of 35 - 65 nm have been grown at lower pressure in the reactor using gasoline fraction. The diameter of the MWNTs grown at atmospheric pressure in the reactor was in the range of 80 - 215 nm and the length reached 6 microns after the purification process.展开更多
Aromatic herbs and spices are enormous and sustainable resource of natural compounds with various useful features in Iran. They have a variety of applications, especially in the treatment of disease and in order to cr...Aromatic herbs and spices are enormous and sustainable resource of natural compounds with various useful features in Iran. They have a variety of applications, especially in the treatment of disease and in order to create a pleasant scent and smell of food have been used since ancient times. Today, some of these plants are commercially grown and used in a variety of production of components. Our presentation is a study of the medicinal herbs of Eastern Azerbaijan. The province of Azerbaijan consists of two eastern and western parts. East Azerbaijan settles in the north-west of Iran. Eastern Azerbaijan has a cool and dry climate due to its mountainous region. There are approximately 1,300 species and 510 species of plants in Eastern Azer-baijan. These species have the most healing properties. In Eastern Azerbaijan regions, medicinal plants are usually collected by locals from mountains and meadows. Eastern Azerbaijan medicinal plants are not scientifically well known, but are traditionally used in rural areas. Usually used medicinal herbs in the area belong to Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Apiaceae and Grossulariacea family. Some of the plants are Artemisia absinthium L, Sambucus nigra, Thymus Kotschyanus, Nasturtium officinale, Achillea millefolium L., Stachys schtschegleevi, Mentha longifolia L., Ecballium elaterium L., Leonurus cardiaca L., Cornus mas L., Rhus coriaria L., Salvia sclarea L., Hippophaer hamnoides L., Marrubium vulgare, Tanacetum balsamita L., Trifolium pratense L., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Echium vulgare L. The purpose of the research is to introduce the method of use of medicinal plants in Eastern Azerbaijan.展开更多
文摘This study analyzes the evolving geopolitical dynamics of the South Caucasus,with a particular focus on the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict and its implications for regional and global power structures.Through a qualitative geopolitical approach,the research examines historical continuities,alliance transformations,and the strategies of major actors,including the United States,Russia,Iran,Turkey,and Israel.Primary data sources include government reports,academic publications,and contemporary news analyses,providing a multi-faceted perspective on the shifting security environment.The findings suggest that Armenia’s pivot toward Western alliances and Azerbaijan’s strategic balancing between Russia and Israel are reshaping the regional order.Furthermore,the study identifies the South Caucasus as a key intersection where global strategic rivalries increasingly influence local conflicts.By situating the Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict within broader patterns of geopolitical competition,this research contributes to the scholarship on Eurasian security studies and offers insights into the future trajectory of conflict and cooperation in the region.It also highlights avenues for further investigation,including the internal political developments within Armenia and Azerbaijan and the role of intermediary states in shaping great power rivalries.
文摘This study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of geothermal energy for heating applications in Azerbaijan,with a specific focus on the Khachmaz region.Despite the country’s growing interest in sustainable energy,limited research has addressed the potential of ground-source heat pump(GSHP)systems under local climatic and soil conditions.To address this gap,the study employs GeoT*SOL simulation to evaluate systemperformance,incorporating site-specific parameters such as soil thermal conductivity,heating demand profiles,and regional weather data.The results show that the GSHP system achieves a maximum seasonal performance factor(SPF)of 5.62 and an average SPF of 4.86,indicating high operational efficiency.Additionally,the system provides an estimated annual CO_(2) emissions reduction of 1956 kg per household,highlighting its environmental benefits.Comparative analysis with conventional heating systems demonstrates considerable energy savings and emissions mitigation.The study identifies technical(e.g.,initial installation complexity)and economic(e.g.,high upfront costs)challenges to widespread implementation.Based on these insights,practical recommendations are proposed:policymakers are encouraged to support financial incentives and policy frameworks;urban planners should consider GSHP integration in regional heating plans;and engineers may adopt the simulation-based approach presented here for feasibility studies.This research contributes to the strategic advancement of renewable heating technologies in Azerbaijan.
文摘The paper gives two examples of larger construction projects with typical stability problems. The first example is from Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. It is connected with a construction of oil and gas pipelines through the mountainous terrain in Makarov region. The region has an active geotectonic history and is highly affected by uncontrolled erosion and extensive landslips. Basic principles of landslide hazard mitigation are presented. The second example is from a motorway construction in Azerbaijan. This motorway leads from Baku to Russia through a seismo-tectonically active area at the toe of Caucasian mountains and in some places is situated in deep cuts at the toe of high slopes. This unsuitable routing, together with seismic activity, led to a slope stability failure of a slope affected by recent tectonic movements near the village of Devechi. Stability conditions and designed remedy measures are presented.
文摘Based on extensive field work in the northern Zagros Mountains, a new subspecies of Darevskia raddei （Boettger, 1892） from the west Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran is described. The new subspecies is distinguishable from all the other three subspecies of D. raddei based on the combination of several distinguishing characters, such as dorsal body with 50-55 oval to round, smooth, or very weakly keeled, scales, 25-31 scales across the gular region, 18-20 femoral pores on each side of body （reaching the knee）, 29-31 tuberculate lamellae under the fourth toe, 11-12 supraciliaries, 9-11 collars and a specific color pattern. The new subspecies meets all the morphological characters described by Eiselt et al. （1993） for an undefined and intermediate form between D. raddei raddei in the east of and D. r vanensis in the west of the distribution range of the species.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination of Konya Technical University(Grant No.211007014)。
文摘The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks.The Cu-Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite,gold,sphalerite,pyrite,bornite,hematite,covellite,chalcocite,malachite,and azurite.The Goshgarchay copper-gold deposit,which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long,is seen as a faultcontrolled and vein-,stockwork-and disseminated type deposit.The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu(max.64500 ppm)and Au(max.11.3 ppm),while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn(max.437 ppm),Mo(max.47.5 ppm),Pb(max.134 ppm),and Ag(max.21 ppm).The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage Ⅰ range from 380℃ to 327℃,and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.Thand salinities in quartz for stage Ⅱ range from 304℃ to 253℃,and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq.,respectively.The calculated δ^(34)S_(h2s)values(-1.5‰ to 5.5‰)of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ^(34)S_(h2s) values of chalcopyrite and bornite(between -0.07‰ and +0.7‰)indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au mineralization is magmatic.Based on the mineralogical,geochemical,fluid inclusion,and sulfur isotopic data,the Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.
文摘In this paper the overview of a level of study of the deformation processes on long-term petroleum field development and ecological consequences accompanying them is given. In more details these processes are considered for the oldest Absheron petroleum bearing region (Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan) where fields are strongly depleted and the pressure drop reaches 80% from initial values. Ecological consequences of this phenomenon are the following: development in area of petroleum fields Balakhany-Sabunchi-Ramany, Surakhany, Garachukhur, Bibi-Eybat intensive process of ground subsiding (up to 47 mm/year) and flooding, frequent incidences of curved boreholes, breaks in oil, gas, and water pipelines, and sudden kicks of water and sand, occurrence of the induced seismicity (Surakhany earthquake in 1937 with magnitude 6). With purpose of forecasting of geodynamic processes creation on petroleum production complexes of system of the environmental control is recommended.
文摘Our aim is to analyze sustainability on energy governance,recent trends of the electricity sector in Azerbaijan,in particular,the degree of efficiency of the electricity system and the tariff structure to give recommendations for future development and perspectives of energy sector development in Azerbaijan.We argue that government policy should be oriented towards identification of those factors that seek energy efficiency for sustainable development,uncover several laws,ensuring energy security,and encourage electricity market.Besides that by comparing electricity tariffs in Azerbaijan with some other European countries,we find advantages in the Azerbaijan-EU partnership on the energy field,thus we propose appropriate forms of cooperation regarding to European Neighborhood Policy.
文摘This study has been investigated some pipeline lines after collapsing process of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from Azerbaijan to Europe and another alternative ways from Russia. As we know Russia is a big power as from economic, defensive, and political aspects, as that＇s in ruler position in the region. So, USA from another side of the world as a super power of the world could make dimension of those pipelines from transit of Turkey. That＇s why new Nabucco project has been also cancelled by Russia＇s power. This article has been studied newly established project of Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Line Project （TANAP） from Azerbaijan＇s oil and gas department; Ministry＇s State Petroleum Company＇s （SOCAR） project has not been cancelled by Turkish Petroleum Company （TPAO）. So TANAP＇s advantages and disadvantages have been researched in this article.
文摘In order to prevent a decline in its area,mostly caused by problems in natural regeneration,the present study was carried out to revise the list of Juniperus species in wild flora of Azerbaijan Republic.The presented article is devoted to taxonomic revision of Juniperus L.species wildly distributed in Azerbaijan.A simplified key for identification species from wild flora and the distribution map for Juniperus species have been compiled for the area.
文摘A major problem today is the existence of territories, usually breakaway regions that have been part of a larger union under dissatisfactory conditions, which have set themselves up as states but does not recognized by much of the world. Such regions present both regional and global problems. In this study, the Russia-Georgia War and its accompanying domestic politics are examined, including the policies of unrecognized states, using Georgia and Azerbaijan as examples. The Russian factor caused difficulties for Azerbaijan and Georgia in terms of recovering their land; however, the lack of a common standard for state recognition in the international community is also to blame for their difficulties. This study aims to demonstrate the need for a new common standard that considers historical backgrounds and legal aspects in helping such troubled territories return to normal.
文摘The chosen study mainly concerns on the migration issue,which has become a phenomenon in the European Union’s political economy in the contemporary era,within the recent years,which identifies the role of migrants in Azerbaijani labor market and other areas of economic integration involving the current trends,challenges,and perspectives in the political or socio-economic fields.The long-brewing Civil War in Syria created a large-scale trajectory of migrants,resulting in a massive influx of refugees from Turkey to Greece and then to Germany.Recently,the issue of migration is now transforming into a phenomenon among the member states of the European Union prompting them to take immediate action and make crucial decisions in the country’s political economy.As a result,modern migration can play a pivotal role both for the EU and for Azerbaijan in the direction of flow of people,capital and services,remittances,improving socio-economic well-being and the cheap labor force in the international labor market.The key criterion of the study is to identify specific ways in which persons or migrants who are involved in the migration process can be able to also contribute to the sustainable economic development of the region by positively influencing IDPs on the local population,labor market activities,and overall political and economic activity.The main idea behind the research is to investigate the economic integration of immigrants in Azerbaijan through its original theoretical and empirical study of migration that plays an important role in the EU’s political economy.The research aims to better regulate labor migration processes in Azerbaijan with the help of the European Union and to optimize the impact on labor productivity in the country by providing economic integration of migrants in the local labor market.The main focus of this study is to identify the role of the European Union in the economic integration of immigrants in Azerbaijan,the legal migration and migration process,based on the Joint Declaration on Resettlement Partnership launched between the EU and Azerbaijan.
文摘The emergence of the COVID-19 crisis,similar to the financial crisis of the 1980s and 1990s,has once more threatened the international economic systems.The rapid transmission of the Coronavirus has created travel bans and commuting restrictions on national and international scales,causing a severe recession in the world economy.This is more conspicuous in oil-exporting countries as petroleum products and prices have plummeted down.A good example of the countries that depend on oil and gas exports is Azerbaijan,a country whose domestic economy has not been unaffected by the COVID-19 crisis.This study explores how the COVID-19 crisis has affected Azerbaijan’s economic security.The hypothesis is that due to this pandemic and the reduction of petroleum prices on an international scale,the Azerbaijan’s economy now has declined and the government faces the reduction of oil production,and the devaluation of Azerbaijan’s currency,manat.Moreover,travel bans due to the Coronavirus have dramatically affected Azerbaijan’s other economic sectors and industries such as tourism.All these issues have seriously threatened Azerbaijan’s economic security and the economy will not grow significantly in the near future.
文摘The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shirinov, an associate professor at the faculty of Theology at Baku State University, S. Hasanli, a rector of Baku Islamic University and G Suleymanov, a leader of Azerbaijan Salafi community, which were recorded during the scientific visit in Azerbaijan.
文摘An assessment of radiologically enhanced residual materials generated during oil and gas production in near Baku, Azerbaijan, was conducted. Distribution of the <sup>228</sup>Ra/<sup>226</sup>Ra Activity Ratio (AR) with depth in a sediment core from radium lake was examined. The dashed line represented ingrowth assuming that <sup>228</sup>Ra was below equilibrium with <sup>232</sup>Th in the young sediments near the top and reached equilibrium at a depth around 10 cm. In this study the radium isotopic data are used to provide estimates of the age of formation of the radiobarite contaminant and age of oil field lake. The results indicate that, the upper two layers in the core (up to 4 cm) contain fallout <sup>137</sup>Cs so at least these layers are no older than about 40 yrs. Formation waters that are sent to disposal ponds may consist of accumulated heavy hydrocarbons, paraffin, inorganic solids, and heavy emulsions. We report here results of chemical and radiochemical measurements from formation waters separated from oil pumped from approximately 700 m below ground near Baku, Azerbaijan. Our results also include data from a formation water storage pond (“radium lake”) where the waters are temporarily stored after oil is separated and then eventually disposed of by pumping into the Caspian Sea. We also analyzed the associated sediment for radiochemical components. Our study was intended to investigate how radium fractionated between the pond water and sediments.
文摘For the understanding of geniuses,historical figures,artists,and every individual as a whole,it is necessary to study his era,because various global and even the smallest(subconscious)events that take place in all eras have their influence on the human consciousness from the womb to the grave.In this existence(consciousness),the events of the era,which are infinite in scale,are transformed into a treasure of thought(archive).This treasure,which is in the essence of“infinity”(∞-),is enriched step by step from simple knowledge to fundamental scientific knowledge,thus shaping his worldview through countless events.From this point of view,era and worldview are phenomena that are in unity and one determines the other.In other words,the highest determination of philosophy-when explaining the concept of time with questions,the idea covered by it,man,nature,etc.,answers related to the worldview factor are given in the contents and essences.Or,on the contrary,the understanding of the worldview of any person acquires an objective-logical value with the characteristics of his era.Because of its position,it is worth noting that every era leaves its mark on history with“extraordinary”important memory phenomena that change the world and hold the whole world and mankind under its charm,which is also considered as globalization in the world with the current terminology(globalization in the old dictionary).Also,each period has its own historical content and the fact that the most global event,including the genius,is named in honor of the person of the time,contains the importance of this or that period,as well as the historical stage,Stone Age,Antiquity,Renaissance,Enlightenment-Modernism,“Golden Age”,Critical Socialism,etc.A feature of the periods is related to the human factor.There had never been a period in history that did not produce its own geniuses and historical personalities.It is not even an exception to the eras related to the names of geniuses and historical figures.For example,the 11th-19th centuries are called the“Dark Ages”or the Homeric era,as well as Homeric Greece.In addition to Shakespeare era,Golden era,Voltaire(Voltaire era),etc.,there are periods of people who left a mark on history with negative thoughts,Stalin era,Adolf Hitler era,etc.There are still geniuses;they are considered as the Man of the century,the hero of the century.As an example of such historical figures,we can show“people”of different centuries,for example,Socrates,Aristotle,Galileo Galilei,Confucius,and countless geniuses,including K.Marx,V.I.Lenin,A.Einstein,M.K.Atatürk,M.Gandhi,etc.;when their names are mentioned,this or that period comes to mind.In this regard,the 20th century is no exception.He entered the history of world politics as an outstanding statesman in the 20th century,who left his mark with the deep content of the events unfolding in history,his successes,and achievements,as well as his complex and even tragic days.In this article,we will talk about the“era”of Heydar Aliyev,the great leader of the Azerbaijani people,one of the geniuses of the 20th century,a powerful state builder,outstanding national leader-the life of his birth,80 years of life service to his people with honor.In our opinion,our analyses,facts,and evaluations will add an important page to the world scientific to world scientific thought and political-philosophical history.
文摘The Republic of Azerbaijan is home to several ethnic groups, religious communities, and nationalities that coexist in a diverse society. Understanding one of the core aspects of Azerbaijani social identity, such as its Turkic component, sheds light on this theme. There is a common sentiment widely shared in society, which assumes that ethnic and religious diversity in Azerbaijan is purely superstructural, while Turkophone is regarded mostly as something inevitable and essential, a result of historical destiny and the outcome of location. In contrast, contemplating the phenomenon of the “Turkophone identity of Azerbaijan” is paramount both in terms of contemporary assessment and with respect to historical depth and cultural relevance. Moreover, it demonstrates that the Turkic ideological context is not only crucial to articulating the Azerbaijani national mythology, but also constitutes an economic realm of today’s politics of statistics and architectonic ethnic folklore. Ethnicity, as primarily a cultural phenomenon, opens the path for the identification of the intelligentsia and small cultural elite with the upper-class elements and for the detection of the indifference of other social strata or sections to any ethnic group. Yet the Turkic mythology could not operate like a traditional integration in a thoroughly stratified Oriental society because the Caucasus societies were, and are predominantly so, underdeveloped, preclassical, or lowest-class, semi-nomadic. The Turkic identity should, in the first instance, be examined conceptually and empirically in all these layers before and rather than in small networks stretched over the whole region. Turkic heritage operates today as a necessary component of national identification in scholarly literature and in everyday policy, the Turkic ideology has become a part of the first line of national country report writing in Azerbaijan. This will be an attempt to scrutinize these links not as separate issues but as more or less dialectic contours of the same dynamic identity.
文摘Distillate fractions of Azerbaijan’s oil-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel were tested as a raw material for producing carbon nanotubes. Aerosol CVD technique was employed at atmospheric and low pressures and ferrocene was used as a catalyst. It is shown that at atmospheric pressures carbon nanotubes were formed only from a gasoline fraction. Lower pressure in the reactor during the synthesis process leads to formation of carbon tubular structure from both petroleum fractions-gasoline and jet fuel. Other modifications of carbon were grown at atmospheric pressure in a case used fraction jet fuel and diesel fraction. MWCNTs with diameters of 35 - 65 nm have been grown at lower pressure in the reactor using gasoline fraction. The diameter of the MWNTs grown at atmospheric pressure in the reactor was in the range of 80 - 215 nm and the length reached 6 microns after the purification process.
文摘Aromatic herbs and spices are enormous and sustainable resource of natural compounds with various useful features in Iran. They have a variety of applications, especially in the treatment of disease and in order to create a pleasant scent and smell of food have been used since ancient times. Today, some of these plants are commercially grown and used in a variety of production of components. Our presentation is a study of the medicinal herbs of Eastern Azerbaijan. The province of Azerbaijan consists of two eastern and western parts. East Azerbaijan settles in the north-west of Iran. Eastern Azerbaijan has a cool and dry climate due to its mountainous region. There are approximately 1,300 species and 510 species of plants in Eastern Azer-baijan. These species have the most healing properties. In Eastern Azerbaijan regions, medicinal plants are usually collected by locals from mountains and meadows. Eastern Azerbaijan medicinal plants are not scientifically well known, but are traditionally used in rural areas. Usually used medicinal herbs in the area belong to Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Apiaceae and Grossulariacea family. Some of the plants are Artemisia absinthium L, Sambucus nigra, Thymus Kotschyanus, Nasturtium officinale, Achillea millefolium L., Stachys schtschegleevi, Mentha longifolia L., Ecballium elaterium L., Leonurus cardiaca L., Cornus mas L., Rhus coriaria L., Salvia sclarea L., Hippophaer hamnoides L., Marrubium vulgare, Tanacetum balsamita L., Trifolium pratense L., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Echium vulgare L. The purpose of the research is to introduce the method of use of medicinal plants in Eastern Azerbaijan.
