In order to clarify the relationships between seedling and adult-plant resis- tance to English grain aphid Sitobion avenae （Fabricius）, 94 wheat cultivars were screened and evaluated based on aphid number ratio thro...In order to clarify the relationships between seedling and adult-plant resis- tance to English grain aphid Sitobion avenae （Fabricius）, 94 wheat cultivars were screened and evaluated based on aphid number ratio through artificial inoculation in greenhouse and natural infection in field from 2010 to 2012. The results indicated that 43 wheat cultivars were resistant to aphid at different levels, of which two dis- played high resistance, eight moderate resistance and 33 low resistance at adult- plant stage. Meanwhile, 45 wheat cultivars exhibited aphid resistance at seedling stage, including 5 highly-resistant cultivars, 16 moderately-resistant cultivars and 24 low-resistant cultivars. Thirty wheat cultivars showed resistance to aphids to different degrees at both seedling and adult-plant stages, accounting for 31.91% of all tested wheat cultivars, especially that C273 and Lanmai （Shaanxi Zhashui） showed high aphid resistance. Aphid number ratio of wheat cultivars at seedling stage had an extremely significant positive correlation with that at adult-plant stage. Additionally, 66 wheat cultivars exhibited the same resistance to aphids at both seedling and adult-plant stages, accounting for 70.21% of all cultivars. The study demonstrated that inoculation test at seedling stage in greenhouse is a reliable method for identi- fying wheat resistance to S. avenae.展开更多
禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是中国小麦生产的重要病原,造成小麦重大产量和经济损失。于2011—2012小麦生长季研究了北京地区禾谷胞囊线虫2龄幼虫的田间种群动态及侵染致病特征。结果表明:在小麦整个生长季内有2个2龄幼虫的孵化高...禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是中国小麦生产的重要病原,造成小麦重大产量和经济损失。于2011—2012小麦生长季研究了北京地区禾谷胞囊线虫2龄幼虫的田间种群动态及侵染致病特征。结果表明:在小麦整个生长季内有2个2龄幼虫的孵化高峰。第1个小高峰出现在11月下旬,每100 m L土壤中最多可检测到105条2龄幼虫。而主要的孵化高峰出现在翌年春季的3月下旬—4月上旬,每100 m L土壤中最高可检测到295条2龄幼虫。秋季孵化的2龄幼虫能够侵染小麦并安全越冬,但春季孵化的2龄幼虫侵染更为严重,4月中旬平均每株小麦根系内可检测到230条幼虫。尽管禾谷胞囊线虫在1个生长季内可以侵染2次,但却只能发育形成1代成虫,至5月中旬平均每株小麦根系上雌虫数量可达287头。为了明确秋季侵染小麦的2龄幼虫来源,通过体外和体内试验检测了当季新形成胞囊的孵化和侵染潜力。结果表明:在4℃条件下保存100 d的胞囊相比保存50 d的胞囊能孵化出更多的2龄幼虫(P<0.05),而在室温保存50和100 d的胞囊均不能孵化出2龄幼虫。此外,经过4℃预处理的胞囊在小麦越冬期即可孵化2龄幼虫并造成侵染,而室温保存的胞囊不具有侵染能力。说明了低温诱导对于禾谷胞囊线虫北京种群的孵化是必要的,而秋季小麦根系侵染可能是残留在土壤中2年以上的胞囊所致。本研究结果将有助于加深对禾谷胞囊线虫生物学和生态学的认识。展开更多
The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two...The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two CCN populations. In this study, the CCN pathotypes of Daxing and Huangyuan populations were characterized by tests on 23 standard ＂International Test Assortment＂ with the local species Wenmai 19 as the susceptible control. Tested materials were grouped by three nematode populations＇ virulence on resistant genes（Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1） and nonresistant genes, varieties and lines. Both Daxing and Huangyuan populations were avirulent to Ortolan（Ha1）. Barley cvs. Ortolan, Siri, Morocco, Bajo Aragon 1-1, and Martin 403-2 were all resistant to both populations. Cultivars Herta, Harlan 43 and wheat Iskamish-K-2-light were all susceptible to Huangyuan population, all of them, however, were resistant to Daxing population. The other five oats were all resistant to the two tested CCN populations. Except Iskamisch K-2-light, all the other wheat cultivars（Capa, Loros×Koga, AUS 10894, and Psathias） were susceptible to Daxing population. Because the pathotypes of the two tested CCN populations in Beijing and Qinghai were not identical to any of the 13 pathotypes previously characterized by the test assortment, we classified Daxing and Huangyuan populations as the new pathotypes, named Ha91.展开更多
In order to characterize the genetic relationship of the geographic populations of Sitobion avenae （Hemiptera： Aphididae） in China, a 588 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA-COI） ge...In order to characterize the genetic relationship of the geographic populations of Sitobion avenae （Hemiptera： Aphididae） in China, a 588 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA-COI） gene was sequenced and analyzed among the different geographic populations. 269 individuals were collected from 17 localities in different wheat-growing areas in China that covered most of the range reported for this species. Within the sequence among these geographic populations, 15 polymorphic sites defined 16 distinct haplotypes, ranging in sequence divergence from 0.2% （one nucleotide） to 1.7% （10 nucleotides）. Of the 15 variable sites, 12 were transitional substitutions, 2 were transversional substitutions and 1 was transitional and transversional substitution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all haplotypes were highly interconnected with each other, in absence of phylogeographic structing. Each of 8 haplotypes was found only at one locality, and the other haplotypes were the widespread distributed in the different localities. The higher genetic diversity was found in the northern China populations than that in the southern China populations. The low genetic differentiation （FST=-0.06945-0.69857） and high migration rate （Nm=0.21575-infinite） of Chinese populations suggest that dispersal over long distance is a major factor in the demography of S. avenae.展开更多
基金Supported by the Exploration and Innovation and Utilization of Wheat Germplasm Resource(2013BAD01B02-6)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900897)the Cyrus Tang Foundation of America~~
文摘In order to clarify the relationships between seedling and adult-plant resis- tance to English grain aphid Sitobion avenae （Fabricius）, 94 wheat cultivars were screened and evaluated based on aphid number ratio through artificial inoculation in greenhouse and natural infection in field from 2010 to 2012. The results indicated that 43 wheat cultivars were resistant to aphid at different levels, of which two dis- played high resistance, eight moderate resistance and 33 low resistance at adult- plant stage. Meanwhile, 45 wheat cultivars exhibited aphid resistance at seedling stage, including 5 highly-resistant cultivars, 16 moderately-resistant cultivars and 24 low-resistant cultivars. Thirty wheat cultivars showed resistance to aphids to different degrees at both seedling and adult-plant stages, accounting for 31.91% of all tested wheat cultivars, especially that C273 and Lanmai （Shaanxi Zhashui） showed high aphid resistance. Aphid number ratio of wheat cultivars at seedling stage had an extremely significant positive correlation with that at adult-plant stage. Additionally, 66 wheat cultivars exhibited the same resistance to aphids at both seedling and adult-plant stages, accounting for 70.21% of all cultivars. The study demonstrated that inoculation test at seedling stage in greenhouse is a reliable method for identi- fying wheat resistance to S. avenae.
文摘禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是中国小麦生产的重要病原,造成小麦重大产量和经济损失。于2011—2012小麦生长季研究了北京地区禾谷胞囊线虫2龄幼虫的田间种群动态及侵染致病特征。结果表明:在小麦整个生长季内有2个2龄幼虫的孵化高峰。第1个小高峰出现在11月下旬,每100 m L土壤中最多可检测到105条2龄幼虫。而主要的孵化高峰出现在翌年春季的3月下旬—4月上旬,每100 m L土壤中最高可检测到295条2龄幼虫。秋季孵化的2龄幼虫能够侵染小麦并安全越冬,但春季孵化的2龄幼虫侵染更为严重,4月中旬平均每株小麦根系内可检测到230条幼虫。尽管禾谷胞囊线虫在1个生长季内可以侵染2次,但却只能发育形成1代成虫,至5月中旬平均每株小麦根系上雌虫数量可达287头。为了明确秋季侵染小麦的2龄幼虫来源,通过体外和体内试验检测了当季新形成胞囊的孵化和侵染潜力。结果表明:在4℃条件下保存100 d的胞囊相比保存50 d的胞囊能孵化出更多的2龄幼虫(P<0.05),而在室温保存50和100 d的胞囊均不能孵化出2龄幼虫。此外,经过4℃预处理的胞囊在小麦越冬期即可孵化2龄幼虫并造成侵染,而室温保存的胞囊不具有侵染能力。说明了低温诱导对于禾谷胞囊线虫北京种群的孵化是必要的,而秋季小麦根系侵染可能是残留在土壤中2年以上的胞囊所致。本研究结果将有助于加深对禾谷胞囊线虫生物学和生态学的认识。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171827)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2013CB127502)
文摘The cereal cyst nematode（CCN, Heteroder aavenae） causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two CCN populations. In this study, the CCN pathotypes of Daxing and Huangyuan populations were characterized by tests on 23 standard ＂International Test Assortment＂ with the local species Wenmai 19 as the susceptible control. Tested materials were grouped by three nematode populations＇ virulence on resistant genes（Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1） and nonresistant genes, varieties and lines. Both Daxing and Huangyuan populations were avirulent to Ortolan（Ha1）. Barley cvs. Ortolan, Siri, Morocco, Bajo Aragon 1-1, and Martin 403-2 were all resistant to both populations. Cultivars Herta, Harlan 43 and wheat Iskamish-K-2-light were all susceptible to Huangyuan population, all of them, however, were resistant to Daxing population. The other five oats were all resistant to the two tested CCN populations. Except Iskamisch K-2-light, all the other wheat cultivars（Capa, Loros×Koga, AUS 10894, and Psathias） were susceptible to Daxing population. Because the pathotypes of the two tested CCN populations in Beijing and Qinghai were not identical to any of the 13 pathotypes previously characterized by the test assortment, we classified Daxing and Huangyuan populations as the new pathotypes, named Ha91.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2006CB102004)the National S&T Major Project of China (2009ZX08012-007B)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971920)the Inter-University Targeted Project between Belgium and China (PIC SHANDONG)
文摘In order to characterize the genetic relationship of the geographic populations of Sitobion avenae （Hemiptera： Aphididae） in China, a 588 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I （mtDNA-COI） gene was sequenced and analyzed among the different geographic populations. 269 individuals were collected from 17 localities in different wheat-growing areas in China that covered most of the range reported for this species. Within the sequence among these geographic populations, 15 polymorphic sites defined 16 distinct haplotypes, ranging in sequence divergence from 0.2% （one nucleotide） to 1.7% （10 nucleotides）. Of the 15 variable sites, 12 were transitional substitutions, 2 were transversional substitutions and 1 was transitional and transversional substitution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all haplotypes were highly interconnected with each other, in absence of phylogeographic structing. Each of 8 haplotypes was found only at one locality, and the other haplotypes were the widespread distributed in the different localities. The higher genetic diversity was found in the northern China populations than that in the southern China populations. The low genetic differentiation （FST=-0.06945-0.69857） and high migration rate （Nm=0.21575-infinite） of Chinese populations suggest that dispersal over long distance is a major factor in the demography of S. avenae.
