In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the b...In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the battery charging voltage. The proposed adaptive coordinated control laws for the throttle angle of the engine and the voltage of the power-converter can guarantee not only the asymptotic tracking performance of the engine speed and the regulation of the battery charging voltage, but also the robust stability of the closed loop system under external load changes. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.展开更多
This paper addresses the gas path component and sensor fault diagnosis and isolation(FDI) for the auxiliary power unit(APU). A nonlinear dynamic model and a distributed state estimator are combined for the distributed...This paper addresses the gas path component and sensor fault diagnosis and isolation(FDI) for the auxiliary power unit(APU). A nonlinear dynamic model and a distributed state estimator are combined for the distributed control system. The distributed extended Kalman filter(DEKF)is served as a state estimator,which is utilized to estimate the gas path components’ flow capacity. The DEKF includes one main filter and five sub-filter groups related to five sensors of APU and each sub-filter yields local state flow capacity. The main filter collects and fuses the local state information,and then the state estimations are feedback to the sub-filters. The packet loss model is introduced in the DEKF algorithm in the APU distributed control architecture. FDI strategy with a performance index named weight sum of squared residuals(WSSR) is designed and used to identify the APU sensor fault by removing one sub-filter each time. The very sensor fault occurs as its performance index WSSR is different from the remaining sub-filter combinations. And the estimated value of the soft redundancy replaces the fault sensor measurement to isolate the fault measurement. It is worth noting that the proposed approach serves for not only the sensor failure but also the hybrid fault issue of APU gas path components and sensors. The simulation and comparison are systematically carried out by using the APU test data,and the superiority of the proposed methodology is verified.展开更多
The increasing global demand for high-efficiency,sustainable energy solutions has inspired significant research interest in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).These systems can operate on heavy-duty diesel fuel or similar ...The increasing global demand for high-efficiency,sustainable energy solutions has inspired significant research interest in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).These systems can operate on heavy-duty diesel fuel or similar jet propulsion fuel with exceptional volumetric energy density.These electrochemical systems demonstrate unique advantages for stationary power generation,portable devices,and transportation systems,while meeting strict environmental standards.However,challenges including inefficient fuel reforming processes,limited durability,and low system-level energy conversion rates impede their transition from laboratory prototypes to industrial-scale implementation.This review summarizes recent progress in SOFCs power generation systems utilizing heavy-duty diesel fuel,focusing on novel materials,innovative component designs,and advanced system integration strategies.Key developments in catalytic reforming are highlighted,including advancements in catalytic materials and reactor configurations.展开更多
APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)是飞机主发动机外的一台动力装置—辅助动力装置,位于机身尾部,主要用于为主发动机启动前提供电力,并在紧急情况下保障飞机系统运行。目前,全世界95%以上的民用客机都装有辅助动力装置。APU是动力装置中一个...APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)是飞机主发动机外的一台动力装置—辅助动力装置,位于机身尾部,主要用于为主发动机启动前提供电力,并在紧急情况下保障飞机系统运行。目前,全世界95%以上的民用客机都装有辅助动力装置。APU是动力装置中一个完整的独立系统,但是在控制上,它和整架飞机是一体的。它的控制板装在驾驶员上方仪表板上,它的启动程序、操纵、监控及空气输出等都由电子控制组件协调,并显示到驾驶舱相关位置,如EICAS的屏幕上。实际上,APU就是一台独立的机载小型发动机。当飞机的主发动机不工作时,它能替代发动机提供气源、电源。它不仅可用于地面准备、维护和检查,在飞行中还可以作为备用电源。所以,飞机安装了辅助动力装置后,可以降低对地面设备的依赖,无需气源车、电源车、空调车就能够独立起动、供电、提供地面空调,从而可以缩短飞机的再起飞时间,提高利用率。展开更多
文摘In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the battery charging voltage. The proposed adaptive coordinated control laws for the throttle angle of the engine and the voltage of the power-converter can guarantee not only the asymptotic tracking performance of the engine speed and the regulation of the battery charging voltage, but also the robust stability of the closed loop system under external load changes. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91960110)the National Science and Technology Major Project(No. 2017-I0006-0007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NP2022418)。
文摘This paper addresses the gas path component and sensor fault diagnosis and isolation(FDI) for the auxiliary power unit(APU). A nonlinear dynamic model and a distributed state estimator are combined for the distributed control system. The distributed extended Kalman filter(DEKF)is served as a state estimator,which is utilized to estimate the gas path components’ flow capacity. The DEKF includes one main filter and five sub-filter groups related to five sensors of APU and each sub-filter yields local state flow capacity. The main filter collects and fuses the local state information,and then the state estimations are feedback to the sub-filters. The packet loss model is introduced in the DEKF algorithm in the APU distributed control architecture. FDI strategy with a performance index named weight sum of squared residuals(WSSR) is designed and used to identify the APU sensor fault by removing one sub-filter each time. The very sensor fault occurs as its performance index WSSR is different from the remaining sub-filter combinations. And the estimated value of the soft redundancy replaces the fault sensor measurement to isolate the fault measurement. It is worth noting that the proposed approach serves for not only the sensor failure but also the hybrid fault issue of APU gas path components and sensors. The simulation and comparison are systematically carried out by using the APU test data,and the superiority of the proposed methodology is verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-National Security Academic Fund(NSAF)Joint Fund China(CN)(grant no.U2230113)the Youth Talents Program of China,the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(grant no.2021GXLH-Z-072)+5 种基金the Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan(“111 Plan”)(grant no.B23025)Project of Shaanxi Innovative Talent Promotion Plan-Technology Innovation Team(grant no.2024RS-CXTD-35)“SOFCs technology for ships”funded by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(grant no.CBZ04N23-07)the Research project of the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,the State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control(grant no.SKLD24KM07)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(grant no.2024CY2-GJHX-73)Additionally,we appreciate the teachers at the Instrument Analysis Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University for their help with material characterizations and analyses.
文摘The increasing global demand for high-efficiency,sustainable energy solutions has inspired significant research interest in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).These systems can operate on heavy-duty diesel fuel or similar jet propulsion fuel with exceptional volumetric energy density.These electrochemical systems demonstrate unique advantages for stationary power generation,portable devices,and transportation systems,while meeting strict environmental standards.However,challenges including inefficient fuel reforming processes,limited durability,and low system-level energy conversion rates impede their transition from laboratory prototypes to industrial-scale implementation.This review summarizes recent progress in SOFCs power generation systems utilizing heavy-duty diesel fuel,focusing on novel materials,innovative component designs,and advanced system integration strategies.Key developments in catalytic reforming are highlighted,including advancements in catalytic materials and reactor configurations.
文摘APU(Auxiliary Power Unit)是飞机主发动机外的一台动力装置—辅助动力装置,位于机身尾部,主要用于为主发动机启动前提供电力,并在紧急情况下保障飞机系统运行。目前,全世界95%以上的民用客机都装有辅助动力装置。APU是动力装置中一个完整的独立系统,但是在控制上,它和整架飞机是一体的。它的控制板装在驾驶员上方仪表板上,它的启动程序、操纵、监控及空气输出等都由电子控制组件协调,并显示到驾驶舱相关位置,如EICAS的屏幕上。实际上,APU就是一台独立的机载小型发动机。当飞机的主发动机不工作时,它能替代发动机提供气源、电源。它不仅可用于地面准备、维护和检查,在飞行中还可以作为备用电源。所以,飞机安装了辅助动力装置后,可以降低对地面设备的依赖,无需气源车、电源车、空调车就能够独立起动、供电、提供地面空调,从而可以缩短飞机的再起飞时间,提高利用率。
