Objective Previous studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system(ANS),which can be affected by emotions,is important in the occurrence or progression of glaucoma.The autonomic innervation distributed in the ant...Objective Previous studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system(ANS),which can be affected by emotions,is important in the occurrence or progression of glaucoma.The autonomic innervation distributed in the anterior chamber(AC)structures might play an efferent role in the neural regulation of intraocular pressure(IOP).This study aimed to investigate the anatomic neural connection from the emotional brain to autonomic innervation in the AC.Methods A retrograde trans-multisynaptic pseudorabies virus encoded with an enhanced green fluorescent protein(PRV531)and non-trans-synaptic tracer FAST Dil were injected into the right eye of mice,respectively.Fluorescent localization in the emotional brain and preganglionic nuclei was studied.Five and a half days after PRV531 injection into the right AC,fluorescent signals were observed in several emotional brain regions,including the amygdala,agranular insular cortex,lateral septal nuclei,periaqueductal gray,and hypothalamus.Autonomic preganglionic nuclei,including Edinger-Westphal nucleus,superior salivatory nucleus,and intermediolateral nucleus,were labeled using PRV531.Results The sensory trigeminal nuclei were not labeled using PRV531.The fluorescence signals in the nuclei mentioned above showed bilateral distribution,primarily on the ipsilateral side.Seven days after injecting FAST Dil into the AC,we observed no FAST Dil-labeled neurons in the central nervous system.Conclusion Our results indicate a neural connection from the emotional brain to autonomic innervation in the AC,which provides anatomical support for the emotional influence of IOP via the ANS.展开更多
Direct neural inputs to immune organs have been observed for decades,with their functions in neuroimmune regulation being increasingly appreciated.However,the current knowledge of such neural structures,particularly t...Direct neural inputs to immune organs have been observed for decades,with their functions in neuroimmune regulation being increasingly appreciated.However,the current knowledge of such neural structures,particularly those in primate immune organs,remains incomplete.In this study,we comprehensively assessed the 3D anatomy of autonomic(i.e.,sympathetic and parasympathetic)innervations in the immune organs of the rhesus macaque monkey and the human for the first time.Aided with the advanced technique of whole-tissue immunolabeling and lightsheet fluorescence imaging,we revealed the densely organized sympathetic architecture in the parenchyma of the adult monkey and human spleens.On the other hand,only sparse,if any,sympathetic inputs were observed inside the lymph nodes,Peyer's patches,or thymus.In contrast,there were minimal parasympathetic innervations in the parenchyma of these examined immune organs.Together,this work has documented the unique patterns of autonomic innervations in different immune organs of a non-human primate and the human,serving as an essential reference for future research on neuroimmune regulation in the field.展开更多
文摘Objective Previous studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system(ANS),which can be affected by emotions,is important in the occurrence or progression of glaucoma.The autonomic innervation distributed in the anterior chamber(AC)structures might play an efferent role in the neural regulation of intraocular pressure(IOP).This study aimed to investigate the anatomic neural connection from the emotional brain to autonomic innervation in the AC.Methods A retrograde trans-multisynaptic pseudorabies virus encoded with an enhanced green fluorescent protein(PRV531)and non-trans-synaptic tracer FAST Dil were injected into the right eye of mice,respectively.Fluorescent localization in the emotional brain and preganglionic nuclei was studied.Five and a half days after PRV531 injection into the right AC,fluorescent signals were observed in several emotional brain regions,including the amygdala,agranular insular cortex,lateral septal nuclei,periaqueductal gray,and hypothalamus.Autonomic preganglionic nuclei,including Edinger-Westphal nucleus,superior salivatory nucleus,and intermediolateral nucleus,were labeled using PRV531.Results The sensory trigeminal nuclei were not labeled using PRV531.The fluorescence signals in the nuclei mentioned above showed bilateral distribution,primarily on the ipsilateral side.Seven days after injecting FAST Dil into the AC,we observed no FAST Dil-labeled neurons in the central nervous system.Conclusion Our results indicate a neural connection from the emotional brain to autonomic innervation in the AC,which provides anatomical support for the emotional influence of IOP via the ANS.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (To J.Y.,31771111,31970974,32061143007,32125017 and 32150008).
文摘Direct neural inputs to immune organs have been observed for decades,with their functions in neuroimmune regulation being increasingly appreciated.However,the current knowledge of such neural structures,particularly those in primate immune organs,remains incomplete.In this study,we comprehensively assessed the 3D anatomy of autonomic(i.e.,sympathetic and parasympathetic)innervations in the immune organs of the rhesus macaque monkey and the human for the first time.Aided with the advanced technique of whole-tissue immunolabeling and lightsheet fluorescence imaging,we revealed the densely organized sympathetic architecture in the parenchyma of the adult monkey and human spleens.On the other hand,only sparse,if any,sympathetic inputs were observed inside the lymph nodes,Peyer's patches,or thymus.In contrast,there were minimal parasympathetic innervations in the parenchyma of these examined immune organs.Together,this work has documented the unique patterns of autonomic innervations in different immune organs of a non-human primate and the human,serving as an essential reference for future research on neuroimmune regulation in the field.
