At present, the monitoring of embankment deformation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly done manually. However, the harsh climate on the plateau affects the results greatly by lowering the...At present, the monitoring of embankment deformation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly done manually. However, the harsh climate on the plateau affects the results greatly by lowering the observation frequency, so the manual monitoring can barely meet the observational demand. This research develops a system of automated monitoring of embankment deformation, and aims to address the problems caused by the plateau climate and the perma- frost conditions in the region. The equipment consists of a monitoring module, a data collection module, a transmission module, and a data processing module. The field experiments during this program indicate that （1） the combined auto- mated monitoring device overcame the problems associated with the complicated and tough plateau environment by means of wireless transmission and automatic analysis of the embankment settlement data; （2） the calibration of the combined settlement gauge at -20 ℃ was highly accurate, with an error rate always 〈0.5%; （3） the gauge calibration at high-temperature conditions was also highly accurate, with an error rate 〈0.5% even though the surface of the instrument reached more than 50 ℃; and （4） compared with the data manually taken, the data automatically acquired during field monitoring experiments demonstrated that the combined settlement gauge and the automated monitoring system could meet the requirements of the monitoring mission in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.展开更多
Microbial activity is the cause of a variety of problems in water injection systems, e.g., microbial corrosion, plugging, and biofouling. Efficient monitoring of Saudi Aramco’s vast water injection system requires th...Microbial activity is the cause of a variety of problems in water injection systems, e.g., microbial corrosion, plugging, and biofouling. Efficient monitoring of Saudi Aramco’s vast water injection system requires the development of online and automated technologies for monitoring microbial activities in the system. A previous system review and technology screening has identified five single-analyte strategies [1], which were evaluated in this study with a laboratory-scale setup to determine their applicability for automated determination of microbial activity in the injection water system. Four of the five single-analyte measuring principles tested in the laboratory setup were deemed less suitable for automation and/or reliable for use in the detection of microbial activity in the company injection water system. These four principles were: luminescence assay for adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP), detection and electrochemical measurements of H<sub>2</sub>S, determination of pH by electrochemical sensor, and measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The strategy of staining cells with fluorescent DNA dyes, followed by quantification of fluorescence signals, was identified to hold, with proper optimization of DNA staining and fluorescence detection, a very promising potential for integration in automated, online sensors for microbial activity in the injection water system.展开更多
Microbial growth in the water injection system is a well-known problem with severe operational and financial consequences for the petroleum industry, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reduced inj...Microbial growth in the water injection system is a well-known problem with severe operational and financial consequences for the petroleum industry, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reduced injectivity, reservoir plugging, production downtime, and extensive repair costs. Monitoring of system microbiology is required in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. In previous studies [1] [2], DNA staining technology with SYBR Green dye was evaluated to have a sufficient detection limit and automation potential for real-time detection of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco injection seawater. In this study, technical requirements and design solutions were defined, and an autonomous microbe sensor (AMS) prototype was constructed, tested and optimized in the laboratory, and validated in the field for automated detection of microorganisms in the harsh Saudi Arabia desert environment and injection seawater. The AMS prototype was able to monitor and follow the general microbial status in the system, including detection of periods with increased microbial growth or decreased microbial numbers following biocide injection. The infield AMS detection limit was 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL. The long-term field testing also identified the areas for technical improvement and optimization for further development of a more robust and better performing commercial microbial sensing device.展开更多
At the present stage, according to the development situation, formulate the plan suitable for the future development of Chinas power system, and increase the promotion efforts. At present, the power grid operation man...At the present stage, according to the development situation, formulate the plan suitable for the future development of Chinas power system, and increase the promotion efforts. At present, the power grid operation management system has reached a high degree of automation, and can monitor and adjust various operating conditions in real time. The use of information transmission equipment and data collection equipment in the power system can improve the stability of the power system, improve the automation level of power dispatching and monitoring, in order to meet the increasing needs of power supply and power grid capacity, and promote the development of power enterprises.展开更多
This study employs deformation monitoring data acquired during the construction of the Haoji railway large-scale bridge to investigate the displacement behavior of the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks.Emphasis is...This study employs deformation monitoring data acquired during the construction of the Haoji railway large-scale bridge to investigate the displacement behavior of the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks.Emphasis is placed on data acquisition and processing methods using total stations and automated monitoring systems.Through a comprehensive analysis of lateral,longitudinal,and vertical displacement data from 26 subgrade monitoring points,catenary columns,and track sections,this research evaluates how construction activities influence railway structures.The results show that displacement variations in the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks remained within the established alert thresholds,exhibiting stable deformation trends and indicating that any adverse environmental impact was effectively contained.Furthermore,this paper proposes an early warning mechanism based on an automated monitoring system,which can promptly detect abnormal deformations and initiate emergency response procedures,thereby ensuring the safe operation of the railway.The integration of big data analysis and deformation prediction models offers a practical foundation for future safety management in railway construction.展开更多
Bioreactors are used to dynamically condition engineered tissues to achieve the required degree of maturation before in vivo implantation.Integrating sensors and imaging capabilities into bioreactors can help us under...Bioreactors are used to dynamically condition engineered tissues to achieve the required degree of maturation before in vivo implantation.Integrating sensors and imaging capabilities into bioreactors can help us understand how the culture environment influences tissue maturation and growth.Additionally,this enables the monitoring of tissue constructs and provides critical information for quality control.This study aimed to develop a standardized,self-contained,uniaxial bioreactor module for the clinical manufacturing of tissue constructs;this system would benefit from unidirectional mechanical or electrical stimulation,or both.We achieved this goal by integrating stimulation and sensing components that provide an optimal culture environment and monitoring capabilities to improve tissue manufacturing.The uniaxial bioreactor module included integrated,user-friendly mechanical and electrical stimulations with force measurement to enhance the preconditioning of the engineered tissues.Also,a sensor loop and media exchange system were integrated to monitor the culture environment and cellular metabolites over time,and the camera system above the tissue construct enabled the macroscopic visualization of tissue maturation.Furthermore,the onboard media exchange system was programmed into the module to maintain aseptic culture conditions in the long term.Subsequently,using native skeletal muscle tissue and tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs,the performance of the uniaxial bioreactor module was validated for its application in preconditioning and enhancing tissue maturation.展开更多
Microbial activity in the water injection system in oil and gas industry leads to an array of challenges, including biofouling, injectivity loss, reservoir plugging, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A...Microbial activity in the water injection system in oil and gas industry leads to an array of challenges, including biofouling, injectivity loss, reservoir plugging, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). An effective mitigation strategy requires online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity and growth in the system so that the operators can apply and adjust counter-measures quickly and properly. The previous study [1] identified DNA staining technology-with PicoGreen and SYBR Green dyes—as a very promising method for automated, online determination of microbial cell abundance in the vast Saudi Aramco injection seawater systems. This study evaluated DNA staining technology on detection limit, automation potential, and temperature stability for the construction of automated sensor prototype. DNA staining with SYBR Green dye was determined to be better suited for online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco seawater systems. SYBR Green staining does not require sample pre-treatment, and the fluorescence signal intensity is more stable at elevated temperatures up to 30℃. The lower detection limit of 2 × 10<sup>3</sup>/ml was achieved under the optimized conditions, which is sufficient to detect microbial numbers in Saudi Aramco injection seawater. Finally, the requirements for design and construction of SYBR-based automated sensor prototype were determined.展开更多
Biocides are oilfield chemicals that are widely used to control bacterial activity throughout the oil industry. A feasibility study has been explored to develop detection techniques for biocide batch treatments, prefe...Biocides are oilfield chemicals that are widely used to control bacterial activity throughout the oil industry. A feasibility study has been explored to develop detection techniques for biocide batch treatments, preferably on-line and in real-time, for their potential use in seawater flooding system. Several methods to measure key components of the biocide formulation were investigated and reported in previous study [1]. The enzymatic activity of an immobilized acetylcholine esterase (AChE) on the column material was successfully inhibited by some model compounds, but not by the actual biocides commonly used in Saudi Aramco seawater flooding system. In this paper, an alternative assay for biocide detection in the Saudi Aramco seawater flooding system was investigated for its applicability for the development of on-line biocide sensor. The assay was based on the detection of aldehyde functionality in the biocide mixture through measurement of a fluorescent derivative formed in the reaction of aldehyde groups and dimedone in the presence of ammonium acetate. The reaction of aldehyde groups with dimedone was demonstrated in seawater matrix, and the formed fluorescent product was successfully measured. The results showed that the dimedone-based assay was very sensitive, and relatively straightforward to perform. The ruggedness test also indicated that the assay is sensitive to minor changes of various specific conditions of the method. It is concluded that the dimedone assay is suitable for further development of a real-time biocide monitoring system to detect the presence of biocide slugs in seawater flooding system. The development of an automated on-line biocide sensor based on dimedone assay is underway.展开更多
Monitoring lateral displacement in deep excavation projects is crucial for structural stability and safety.Traditional methods,like manual inclinometers,are accurate but costly and labor-intensive.Automated systems pr...Monitoring lateral displacement in deep excavation projects is crucial for structural stability and safety.Traditional methods,like manual inclinometers,are accurate but costly and labor-intensive.Automated systems provide real-time data but face challenges with dense sensor placement and high costs.This study presents a novel prediction method using an extreme learning machine(ELM)optimized by an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm.The IPSO-ELM approach utilizes sparse automated measurements to accurately predict lateral displacement profiles,minimizing the need for dense sensor deployment.A case study of a 30.2-m-deep excavation project in Hangzhou,China,demonstrates the method’s effectiveness.The results demonstrate that the IPSO-ELM model maintains high prediction accuracy,with low root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)values,even under conditions of sparse sensor placement.Across the entire test dataset,with a sensor spacing of 5.0 m,the model achieved maximum RMSE values ranging from 0.94 to 2.79 mm and maximum MAE values ranging from 0.77 to 2.18 mm,thereby showcasing its robustness and reliability in predicting lateral displacement.A detailed discussion was conducted on the errors associated with various sensor spacing intervals when implementing the proposed method.This study underscores the potential of IPSO-ELM as a cost-effective and reliable tool for automatic monitoring in increasingly complex urban excavation projects.展开更多
The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore,maintain or improve tissue function following disease or injury.To maximize the biological function of a tissue-engin...The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore,maintain or improve tissue function following disease or injury.To maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product,specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for implantation.Specifically,the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical,electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in vivo.Real-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management process.The present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering considerations.In addition,strategies for bioreactor automation,in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.展开更多
Smart cities and decarbonization of the transportation sector provoked significant environmental policy reforms,shifting the urban environment away from car-centric planning to non-mechanized transportation.Thus,walki...Smart cities and decarbonization of the transportation sector provoked significant environmental policy reforms,shifting the urban environment away from car-centric planning to non-mechanized transportation.Thus,walking and cycling became natural alternatives due to their zero-carbon operation and health benefits.Computer vision(CV)techniques offer promising capabilities for analyzing and improving pedestrian sidewalk infrastructure and usage.Despite the current efforts,the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of studies applying CV to sidewalks,casting a shadow on the utilization of further artificial-based algorithms in this domain.Hence,this study provides a state-of-the-art analysis of CV applications on sidewalks by presenting 1)a scientometric analysis of existing studies,2)systematic discussions of CV applications and architectures,3)proposal of a framework for applying CV in sidewalk studies,and 4)existing gaps and future research opportunities.The publication trend analysis indicated accelerated growth in sidewalk-focused CV research since 2018,with peaks in the last five years,indicating rising scholarly interest.The keyword analysis revealed seven clusters,where"pavements","computer vision",and"deep learning"are the top keywords based on their degree centrality.The systematic analysis identified and discussed CV applications to sidewalk accessibility,path conditions,and user behaviors,showing that convolutional neural networks are the most adopted architecture in this domain.This study offers academics and industry professionals essential perspectives into the developing research area of leveraging CV for analyzing diverse facets of sidewalks.It highlights the imperative to tackle identified research gaps via innovative techniques and collaborative efforts,in addition to openly sharing datasets and source code.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2011EG123262)the Technology Project of the Chinese Railroad Co.Ltd.(No.2013-majay-20-1)
文摘At present, the monitoring of embankment deformation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly done manually. However, the harsh climate on the plateau affects the results greatly by lowering the observation frequency, so the manual monitoring can barely meet the observational demand. This research develops a system of automated monitoring of embankment deformation, and aims to address the problems caused by the plateau climate and the perma- frost conditions in the region. The equipment consists of a monitoring module, a data collection module, a transmission module, and a data processing module. The field experiments during this program indicate that （1） the combined auto- mated monitoring device overcame the problems associated with the complicated and tough plateau environment by means of wireless transmission and automatic analysis of the embankment settlement data; （2） the calibration of the combined settlement gauge at -20 ℃ was highly accurate, with an error rate always 〈0.5%; （3） the gauge calibration at high-temperature conditions was also highly accurate, with an error rate 〈0.5% even though the surface of the instrument reached more than 50 ℃; and （4） compared with the data manually taken, the data automatically acquired during field monitoring experiments demonstrated that the combined settlement gauge and the automated monitoring system could meet the requirements of the monitoring mission in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
文摘Microbial activity is the cause of a variety of problems in water injection systems, e.g., microbial corrosion, plugging, and biofouling. Efficient monitoring of Saudi Aramco’s vast water injection system requires the development of online and automated technologies for monitoring microbial activities in the system. A previous system review and technology screening has identified five single-analyte strategies [1], which were evaluated in this study with a laboratory-scale setup to determine their applicability for automated determination of microbial activity in the injection water system. Four of the five single-analyte measuring principles tested in the laboratory setup were deemed less suitable for automation and/or reliable for use in the detection of microbial activity in the company injection water system. These four principles were: luminescence assay for adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP), detection and electrochemical measurements of H<sub>2</sub>S, determination of pH by electrochemical sensor, and measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The strategy of staining cells with fluorescent DNA dyes, followed by quantification of fluorescence signals, was identified to hold, with proper optimization of DNA staining and fluorescence detection, a very promising potential for integration in automated, online sensors for microbial activity in the injection water system.
文摘Microbial growth in the water injection system is a well-known problem with severe operational and financial consequences for the petroleum industry, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reduced injectivity, reservoir plugging, production downtime, and extensive repair costs. Monitoring of system microbiology is required in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. In previous studies [1] [2], DNA staining technology with SYBR Green dye was evaluated to have a sufficient detection limit and automation potential for real-time detection of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco injection seawater. In this study, technical requirements and design solutions were defined, and an autonomous microbe sensor (AMS) prototype was constructed, tested and optimized in the laboratory, and validated in the field for automated detection of microorganisms in the harsh Saudi Arabia desert environment and injection seawater. The AMS prototype was able to monitor and follow the general microbial status in the system, including detection of periods with increased microbial growth or decreased microbial numbers following biocide injection. The infield AMS detection limit was 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL. The long-term field testing also identified the areas for technical improvement and optimization for further development of a more robust and better performing commercial microbial sensing device.
文摘At the present stage, according to the development situation, formulate the plan suitable for the future development of Chinas power system, and increase the promotion efforts. At present, the power grid operation management system has reached a high degree of automation, and can monitor and adjust various operating conditions in real time. The use of information transmission equipment and data collection equipment in the power system can improve the stability of the power system, improve the automation level of power dispatching and monitoring, in order to meet the increasing needs of power supply and power grid capacity, and promote the development of power enterprises.
文摘This study employs deformation monitoring data acquired during the construction of the Haoji railway large-scale bridge to investigate the displacement behavior of the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks.Emphasis is placed on data acquisition and processing methods using total stations and automated monitoring systems.Through a comprehensive analysis of lateral,longitudinal,and vertical displacement data from 26 subgrade monitoring points,catenary columns,and track sections,this research evaluates how construction activities influence railway structures.The results show that displacement variations in the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks remained within the established alert thresholds,exhibiting stable deformation trends and indicating that any adverse environmental impact was effectively contained.Furthermore,this paper proposes an early warning mechanism based on an automated monitoring system,which can promptly detect abnormal deformations and initiate emergency response procedures,thereby ensuring the safe operation of the railway.The integration of big data analysis and deformation prediction models offers a practical foundation for future safety management in railway construction.
基金possible by the US Army Medical Research and Development Command through the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium under Contract#W81XWH-15-9-0001.
文摘Bioreactors are used to dynamically condition engineered tissues to achieve the required degree of maturation before in vivo implantation.Integrating sensors and imaging capabilities into bioreactors can help us understand how the culture environment influences tissue maturation and growth.Additionally,this enables the monitoring of tissue constructs and provides critical information for quality control.This study aimed to develop a standardized,self-contained,uniaxial bioreactor module for the clinical manufacturing of tissue constructs;this system would benefit from unidirectional mechanical or electrical stimulation,or both.We achieved this goal by integrating stimulation and sensing components that provide an optimal culture environment and monitoring capabilities to improve tissue manufacturing.The uniaxial bioreactor module included integrated,user-friendly mechanical and electrical stimulations with force measurement to enhance the preconditioning of the engineered tissues.Also,a sensor loop and media exchange system were integrated to monitor the culture environment and cellular metabolites over time,and the camera system above the tissue construct enabled the macroscopic visualization of tissue maturation.Furthermore,the onboard media exchange system was programmed into the module to maintain aseptic culture conditions in the long term.Subsequently,using native skeletal muscle tissue and tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs,the performance of the uniaxial bioreactor module was validated for its application in preconditioning and enhancing tissue maturation.
文摘Microbial activity in the water injection system in oil and gas industry leads to an array of challenges, including biofouling, injectivity loss, reservoir plugging, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). An effective mitigation strategy requires online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity and growth in the system so that the operators can apply and adjust counter-measures quickly and properly. The previous study [1] identified DNA staining technology-with PicoGreen and SYBR Green dyes—as a very promising method for automated, online determination of microbial cell abundance in the vast Saudi Aramco injection seawater systems. This study evaluated DNA staining technology on detection limit, automation potential, and temperature stability for the construction of automated sensor prototype. DNA staining with SYBR Green dye was determined to be better suited for online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco seawater systems. SYBR Green staining does not require sample pre-treatment, and the fluorescence signal intensity is more stable at elevated temperatures up to 30℃. The lower detection limit of 2 × 10<sup>3</sup>/ml was achieved under the optimized conditions, which is sufficient to detect microbial numbers in Saudi Aramco injection seawater. Finally, the requirements for design and construction of SYBR-based automated sensor prototype were determined.
文摘Biocides are oilfield chemicals that are widely used to control bacterial activity throughout the oil industry. A feasibility study has been explored to develop detection techniques for biocide batch treatments, preferably on-line and in real-time, for their potential use in seawater flooding system. Several methods to measure key components of the biocide formulation were investigated and reported in previous study [1]. The enzymatic activity of an immobilized acetylcholine esterase (AChE) on the column material was successfully inhibited by some model compounds, but not by the actual biocides commonly used in Saudi Aramco seawater flooding system. In this paper, an alternative assay for biocide detection in the Saudi Aramco seawater flooding system was investigated for its applicability for the development of on-line biocide sensor. The assay was based on the detection of aldehyde functionality in the biocide mixture through measurement of a fluorescent derivative formed in the reaction of aldehyde groups and dimedone in the presence of ammonium acetate. The reaction of aldehyde groups with dimedone was demonstrated in seawater matrix, and the formed fluorescent product was successfully measured. The results showed that the dimedone-based assay was very sensitive, and relatively straightforward to perform. The ruggedness test also indicated that the assay is sensitive to minor changes of various specific conditions of the method. It is concluded that the dimedone assay is suitable for further development of a real-time biocide monitoring system to detect the presence of biocide slugs in seawater flooding system. The development of an automated on-line biocide sensor based on dimedone assay is underway.
基金supports received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42307210,42477151 and 52308379)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LQ24E080016 and LQ23E080002)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3009400)the Foundation of MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering,Zhejiang University(Grant No.2022P01)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Monitoring lateral displacement in deep excavation projects is crucial for structural stability and safety.Traditional methods,like manual inclinometers,are accurate but costly and labor-intensive.Automated systems provide real-time data but face challenges with dense sensor placement and high costs.This study presents a novel prediction method using an extreme learning machine(ELM)optimized by an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm.The IPSO-ELM approach utilizes sparse automated measurements to accurately predict lateral displacement profiles,minimizing the need for dense sensor deployment.A case study of a 30.2-m-deep excavation project in Hangzhou,China,demonstrates the method’s effectiveness.The results demonstrate that the IPSO-ELM model maintains high prediction accuracy,with low root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)values,even under conditions of sparse sensor placement.Across the entire test dataset,with a sensor spacing of 5.0 m,the model achieved maximum RMSE values ranging from 0.94 to 2.79 mm and maximum MAE values ranging from 0.77 to 2.18 mm,thereby showcasing its robustness and reliability in predicting lateral displacement.A detailed discussion was conducted on the errors associated with various sensor spacing intervals when implementing the proposed method.This study underscores the potential of IPSO-ELM as a cost-effective and reliable tool for automatic monitoring in increasingly complex urban excavation projects.
基金US Army Medical Research and Development Command through the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium under Contract#W81XWH-15-9-0001.
文摘The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore,maintain or improve tissue function following disease or injury.To maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product,specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for implantation.Specifically,the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical,electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in vivo.Real-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management process.The present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering considerations.In addition,strategies for bioreactor automation,in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Smart Traffic Fund(STF)under grant number PSRI/14/2109/RAThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University for Entry Scholarship for the Postgraduate Scheme 2022/23 BRE,and the Presidential Fellowship。
文摘Smart cities and decarbonization of the transportation sector provoked significant environmental policy reforms,shifting the urban environment away from car-centric planning to non-mechanized transportation.Thus,walking and cycling became natural alternatives due to their zero-carbon operation and health benefits.Computer vision(CV)techniques offer promising capabilities for analyzing and improving pedestrian sidewalk infrastructure and usage.Despite the current efforts,the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of studies applying CV to sidewalks,casting a shadow on the utilization of further artificial-based algorithms in this domain.Hence,this study provides a state-of-the-art analysis of CV applications on sidewalks by presenting 1)a scientometric analysis of existing studies,2)systematic discussions of CV applications and architectures,3)proposal of a framework for applying CV in sidewalk studies,and 4)existing gaps and future research opportunities.The publication trend analysis indicated accelerated growth in sidewalk-focused CV research since 2018,with peaks in the last five years,indicating rising scholarly interest.The keyword analysis revealed seven clusters,where"pavements","computer vision",and"deep learning"are the top keywords based on their degree centrality.The systematic analysis identified and discussed CV applications to sidewalk accessibility,path conditions,and user behaviors,showing that convolutional neural networks are the most adopted architecture in this domain.This study offers academics and industry professionals essential perspectives into the developing research area of leveraging CV for analyzing diverse facets of sidewalks.It highlights the imperative to tackle identified research gaps via innovative techniques and collaborative efforts,in addition to openly sharing datasets and source code.
