Solar panels are oriented to the North （South） when the site is in the South （North） with a tilt angle close to the latitude. In the equatorial zone, the panels are quasi-horizontally arranged. This situation caus...Solar panels are oriented to the North （South） when the site is in the South （North） with a tilt angle close to the latitude. In the equatorial zone, the panels are quasi-horizontally arranged. This situation caused some problems： the panel is more rapidly covered with dust or salty mud that decreases its performance and degrades the protective glass. To overcome these difficulties, we evaluated theoretically and practically the energy lost by an incorrect tilt. The results are rather encouraging. Just 1.5% of total energy is lost when we tilted the panel at 10.0°. In practice, we realized that the loss of energy is fewer than we calculated it because of the reflected solar rays.展开更多
The Controller Area Network(CAN)is a well established control network for automotive and automation control applications.Time-Triggered Controller Area Network(TTCAN)is a recent development which introduces a session ...The Controller Area Network(CAN)is a well established control network for automotive and automation control applications.Time-Triggered Controller Area Network(TTCAN)is a recent development which introduces a session layer,for message scheduling,to the existing CAN standard,which is a two layer standard comprising of a physical layer and a data link layer.TTCAN facilitates network communication in a time-triggered fashion,by introducing a Time Division Multiple Access style communication scheme.This allows deterministic network behavior,where maximum message latency times can be quantified and guaranteed.In order to solve the problem of determinate time latency and synchronization among several districted units in one auto panel CAN systems,this paper proposed a prototype design implementation for a shared-clock scheduler based on PIC18F458 MCU.This leads to improved CAN system performance and avoid the latency jitters and guarantee a deterministic communication pattern on the bus.The real runtime performance is satisfied.展开更多
文摘Solar panels are oriented to the North （South） when the site is in the South （North） with a tilt angle close to the latitude. In the equatorial zone, the panels are quasi-horizontally arranged. This situation caused some problems： the panel is more rapidly covered with dust or salty mud that decreases its performance and degrades the protective glass. To overcome these difficulties, we evaluated theoretically and practically the energy lost by an incorrect tilt. The results are rather encouraging. Just 1.5% of total energy is lost when we tilted the panel at 10.0°. In practice, we realized that the loss of energy is fewer than we calculated it because of the reflected solar rays.
文摘The Controller Area Network(CAN)is a well established control network for automotive and automation control applications.Time-Triggered Controller Area Network(TTCAN)is a recent development which introduces a session layer,for message scheduling,to the existing CAN standard,which is a two layer standard comprising of a physical layer and a data link layer.TTCAN facilitates network communication in a time-triggered fashion,by introducing a Time Division Multiple Access style communication scheme.This allows deterministic network behavior,where maximum message latency times can be quantified and guaranteed.In order to solve the problem of determinate time latency and synchronization among several districted units in one auto panel CAN systems,this paper proposed a prototype design implementation for a shared-clock scheduler based on PIC18F458 MCU.This leads to improved CAN system performance and avoid the latency jitters and guarantee a deterministic communication pattern on the bus.The real runtime performance is satisfied.
