The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewe...The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.展开更多
The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not...The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not have the brand name on its label,it is the exact same drug product as the brand name product.In China,for those published comparator products of generic drug products,the market availability is the first question to affect the smooth development and investigation for the process of the re-evaluation of the generic drugs.In the present paper,we systemically elaborated the definition,classification and relevant background of the AGs,as well as their differences to the generic drugs.At the same time,by taking drug products,which are adopted in the Chinese comparator product directories for generic medicinal products(first batch)and sourced from USA orange book,as examples,we introduced the searching process of the AGs with the integration of FDA listing of AGs,the USA orange book and the USA national drug code directory.It can facilitate the domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises to search,identify and purchase the corresponding AGs of the designated comparator product when question emerges to its market availability.展开更多
Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative posit...Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative positions of the switch rail and the stock rail,which will directly affect the wheel-rail contact state and wheel load transition when a train passes the turnout and will further impose serious impacts on the safety and stability of train operation.The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for wear management of high-speed turnout.Design/methodology/approach-The actual wear characteristics of switch rails of high-speed turnouts in different guiding directions were studied based on the monitoring results on site;the authorized wear limits for the switch rails of high-speed turnout were studied through derailment risk analysis and switch rail strength analysis.Findings-The results show that:the major factor for the service life of a curved switch rail is the lateral wear.The wear characteristics of the curved switch rail of a facing turnout are significantly different from those of a trailing turnout.To be specific,the lateral wear of the curved switch rail mainly occurs in the narrower section at its front end for a trailing turnout,but in the wider section at its rear end when for a facing turnout.The maximum lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a trailing turnout is found on the 15-mm wide section and is 3.9 mm,which does not reach the specified limit of 6 mm.For comparison,the lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a facing turnout is found from the 35-mm wide section to the full-width section and is greater than 7.5 mm,which exceeds the specified limit.Based on this,in addition to meeting the requirements of maintenance rules,the allowed wear of switch rails of high-speed turnout shall be so that the dangerous area with a tangent angle of wheel profile smaller than 43.68 will not contact the switch rail when the wheel is lifted by 2 mm.Accordingly,the lateral wear limit at the 5-mm wide section of the curved switch rail shall be reduced from 6 mm(as specified)to 3.5 mm.Originality/value-The work in this paper is of reference significance to the research on the development law of rail wear in high-speed turnout area and the formulation of relevant standards.展开更多
Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New tech...Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New techniques are required in order to classify packets based on user identity in addition to the traditional source and destination host addresses. This paper introduces Gaussian cryptographic techniques and protocols to assist network administrators in the complex task of identifying the originators of data packets on a network and more easily policing their behavior. The paper provides numerical examples that illustrate certain basic ideas.展开更多
The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal fram...The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article.展开更多
Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the...Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.展开更多
On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However...On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However, without consideration of changes of environment, there are some limitations for static variance analysis with benchmark of plan data. Adjusting for benchmark according to actual condition, then doing variance analysis, these will improve utilization of variance analysis. Adjusted benchmark is often known as authorized cost/profit. For different understanding for authority concept, with RCA＇s （the abbreviation for Resource Consumption Accounting） view and numerical examples, this paper brings out the concept of consumption rate variance to promoting deeper understanding and analyzing reasons behind variance.展开更多
Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent...Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent linkage system.Methods The authorized generic drugs play an important role in keeping the balance between brandname drugs and generic drugs in the US.Therefore,this system was investigated,focusing on its difference from independent generics,marketing procedures,application in patent litigation and legitimacy analysis through case evidence.This analogy analysis could provide a reference for the research of authorized generic drug systems in China.Results and Conclusion As an important factor affecting the balance between brand-name drugs and generic drugs,authorized generic drugs should be comprehensively analyzed and discussed,and a suitable system for China’s national conditions should be established by referring to the experiences of the US.展开更多
In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees f...In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:展开更多
In architecture of cloud storage, the deduplication technology encrypted with theconvergent key is one of the important data compression technologies, which effectively improvesthe utilization of space and bandwidth. ...In architecture of cloud storage, the deduplication technology encrypted with theconvergent key is one of the important data compression technologies, which effectively improvesthe utilization of space and bandwidth. To further refine the usage scenarios for varioususer permissions and enhance user’s data security, we propose a blockchain-based differentialauthorized deduplication system. The proposed system optimizes the traditionalProof of Vote (PoV) consensus algorithm and simplifies the existing differential authorizationprocess to realize credible management and dynamic update of authority. Based on thedecentralized property of blockchain, we overcome the centralized single point fault problemof traditional differentially authorized deduplication system. Besides, the operations oflegitimate users are recorded in blocks to ensure the traceability of behaviors.展开更多
China's shift from a subscribed capital system to an authorized capital system signifies a profound theoretical advancement in reform of the corporate capital regime,signaling a new era in legal governance for joi...China's shift from a subscribed capital system to an authorized capital system signifies a profound theoretical advancement in reform of the corporate capital regime,signaling a new era in legal governance for joint stock limited company financing.Central to this system is balancing corporate financing autonomy with shareholder interests—both incumbent and prospective.By empowering the board of directors to issue shares through articles of association or shareholder resolution,this framework not only streamlines company establishment but also redefines governance structures within corporate financing,underscoring board decision-making prerogatives.Integrating authorized capital with class shares and adopting a paid-in approach caters to diverse investor preferences,fostering novel capital transaction channels between corporations and shareholders while mitigating concerns over registered capital dilution.To balance and protect the interests of both new and existing shareholders under the model where shareholders have preemptive rights,it is essential to strengthen the fiduciary duties of directors.This should be supported by a judicial remedies of the primary purposes of new share issuances and legal remedies for any issuance defects.展开更多
With the rapid development of wireless communication,spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields.Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum u...With the rapid development of wireless communication,spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields.Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum usage behavior in the environment,which is indispensable to secure safety and improve spectrum efficiency.However,spectrum anomaly detection faces many difficulties,especially for unauthorized frequency bands.In unauthorized bands,the composition of spectrum is complex and the anomaly usage patterns are unknown in prior.In this paper,a Variational Autoencoder-(VAE-)based method is proposed for spectrum anomaly detection in unauthorized bands.First of all,we theoretically prove that the anomalies in unauthorized bands will introduce Background Noise Enhancement(BNE)effect and Anomaly Signal Disappearance(ASD)effects after VAE reconstruction.Then,we introduce a novel anomaly metric termed as percentile(PER)score,which focuses on capturing the distribution variation of reconstruction error caused by ASD and BNE.In order to verify the effectiveness of our method,we developed an ISM Anomaly Detection(IAD)dataset.The proposed PER score achieves superior performance against different type of anomalies.For QPSK type anomaly,our method increases the recall rate from 80%to 93%while keeping a false alarm rate of 5%.The proposed method is beneficial to broadband spectrum sensing and massive spectrum data processing.The code will be released at git@github.com:QXSLAB/vae_ism_ano.git.展开更多
I.THE AUTHORIZED CAPITAL SYSTEM AND THE CHANGE OF THE NATURE OF ISSUANCE RESOLUTIONS It is generally considered that different legal systems hold completely different attitude towards corporate capital.For example,the...I.THE AUTHORIZED CAPITAL SYSTEM AND THE CHANGE OF THE NATURE OF ISSUANCE RESOLUTIONS It is generally considered that different legal systems hold completely different attitude towards corporate capital.For example,the continental legal system adopts a legal capital system while the common law system adopts an authorized capital system.But actually,the legal展开更多
Title Page The title page(page 1,do not number)should contain these elements:(a)full title;(b)Each authors'names,academic degrees,and affiliations(if Chinese,give standard English version);(c)the designated corres...Title Page The title page(page 1,do not number)should contain these elements:(a)full title;(b)Each authors'names,academic degrees,and affiliations(if Chinese,give standard English version);(c)the designated corresponding author's name,mailing address,telephone and fax numbers,and e-mail address;(d)source(s)of financial support of the study;(e)the total word count of the manuscript,including the title page,abstract,text,references,tables,and figures legends.展开更多
Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasu...Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasures and references for promoting the standardized implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Methods:A secondary analysis of literature was conducted to systematically search for domestic and international literature related to nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Meta-analysis was performed on eligible literature to evaluate the implementation effects.Simultaneously,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers,patients,and policymakers.Content analysis was used to organize the interview data and extract core issues and barriers.Results:A total of 46 international articles were included in the Meta-analysis,which revealed that the implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority significantly improved patients’health management outcomes,enhanced healthcare service efficiency,and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority has demonstrated significant positive effects.However,China faces multiple barriers in its advancement,necessitating efforts in optimizing policy systems,constructing collaborative models,strengthening professional skills training,and improving social awareness to guide the scientific and rational implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.展开更多
International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials is dedicated to the publication and the dissemination of original research articles (and occasional invited reviews) in the fields of Minerals,Metallurgy and ...International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials is dedicated to the publication and the dissemination of original research articles (and occasional invited reviews) in the fields of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials.It is covered by EI Compendex,SCI Expanded,Chemical Abstract,etc.Manuscript preparation The following components are required for a complete manuscript:Title,Author(s),Author affiliation(s),Abstract,Keywords,Main text,Acknowledgements and References.展开更多
An integral part of the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is carbon footprint accounting.EPA categorizes facility carbon footprints in three scopes.Scope-2 emissions include electricity,heat or steam purchased...An integral part of the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is carbon footprint accounting.EPA categorizes facility carbon footprints in three scopes.Scope-2 emissions include electricity,heat or steam purchased from a utility provider.This paper evaluates the existing calculation methods for scope-2 CO2 emissions for purchased electricity.The electricity grid in US is complex and is divided spatially into states,eGRID regions,balancing authorities(BAs),and utilities.Up to hourly temporal granularity can be obtained from available datasets.A matrix is developed that categorizes different datasets based on the complexity to calculate the carbon emission factors.Spatial and temporal variations are evaluated.There are significant spatial overlap between regions in different categories and emission factors within a region show sub-regional variation.An area analysis is done using zip-code polygons to determine whether a state or balancing authority is smaller for all the overlapping cases.Temporal variations in emission factors are significant depending on the balancing authority considered.A single method to calculate scope-2 emission factors may not be accurate and efficient in every case and a nuanced assessment of emission factors is warranted.An implementation pathway for a“smart carbon calculator”—one that gives accurate carbon footprint that is the spatially and temporally most granular is suggested.展开更多
Should the article be accepted and published by Meteorological and Environmental Research,the author hereby grants exclusively to the editorial department of Meteorological and Environmental Research the digital repro...Should the article be accepted and published by Meteorological and Environmental Research,the author hereby grants exclusively to the editorial department of Meteorological and Environmental Research the digital reproduction,distribution,compilation and information network transmission rights.展开更多
The copyright to this article in Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is transferred to Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Chemistry,CAS effective if and when the article is accepted for publication.The auth...The copyright to this article in Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is transferred to Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Chemistry,CAS effective if and when the article is accepted for publication.The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant.The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right and license to reproduce,publish,distribute and archive the article in all forms and media of expression now known or developed in the future,including reprints,translations,photographic reproductions,microform,electronic form(offline,online)or any other reproductions of similar nature.展开更多
文摘The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for ‘Major New Drugs Innovation and Development’(Grant No.2017ZX09101001,Beijing,China)
文摘The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not have the brand name on its label,it is the exact same drug product as the brand name product.In China,for those published comparator products of generic drug products,the market availability is the first question to affect the smooth development and investigation for the process of the re-evaluation of the generic drugs.In the present paper,we systemically elaborated the definition,classification and relevant background of the AGs,as well as their differences to the generic drugs.At the same time,by taking drug products,which are adopted in the Chinese comparator product directories for generic medicinal products(first batch)and sourced from USA orange book,as examples,we introduced the searching process of the AGs with the integration of FDA listing of AGs,the USA orange book and the USA national drug code directory.It can facilitate the domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises to search,identify and purchase the corresponding AGs of the designated comparator product when question emerges to its market availability.
基金supported by the Fund of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited (Grant Nos.2022YJ177 and 2022YJ088).
文摘Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative positions of the switch rail and the stock rail,which will directly affect the wheel-rail contact state and wheel load transition when a train passes the turnout and will further impose serious impacts on the safety and stability of train operation.The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for wear management of high-speed turnout.Design/methodology/approach-The actual wear characteristics of switch rails of high-speed turnouts in different guiding directions were studied based on the monitoring results on site;the authorized wear limits for the switch rails of high-speed turnout were studied through derailment risk analysis and switch rail strength analysis.Findings-The results show that:the major factor for the service life of a curved switch rail is the lateral wear.The wear characteristics of the curved switch rail of a facing turnout are significantly different from those of a trailing turnout.To be specific,the lateral wear of the curved switch rail mainly occurs in the narrower section at its front end for a trailing turnout,but in the wider section at its rear end when for a facing turnout.The maximum lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a trailing turnout is found on the 15-mm wide section and is 3.9 mm,which does not reach the specified limit of 6 mm.For comparison,the lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a facing turnout is found from the 35-mm wide section to the full-width section and is greater than 7.5 mm,which exceeds the specified limit.Based on this,in addition to meeting the requirements of maintenance rules,the allowed wear of switch rails of high-speed turnout shall be so that the dangerous area with a tangent angle of wheel profile smaller than 43.68 will not contact the switch rail when the wheel is lifted by 2 mm.Accordingly,the lateral wear limit at the 5-mm wide section of the curved switch rail shall be reduced from 6 mm(as specified)to 3.5 mm.Originality/value-The work in this paper is of reference significance to the research on the development law of rail wear in high-speed turnout area and the formulation of relevant standards.
文摘Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New techniques are required in order to classify packets based on user identity in addition to the traditional source and destination host addresses. This paper introduces Gaussian cryptographic techniques and protocols to assist network administrators in the complex task of identifying the originators of data packets on a network and more easily policing their behavior. The paper provides numerical examples that illustrate certain basic ideas.
文摘The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article.
基金Supported by Agricultural Improved Variety Engineering Project of Shandong Province"Research on Super Wheat Breeding Technology"(LNLZ[2011]7,[2012]213)National Key Project for the Cultivation of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"Breeding of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"(2013ZX08002-003)Science and Technology Innovation Major Project of Tai an City"Breeding and Application of Breakthrough Wheat Varieties with High Yield,Wide Adaptability and Good Quality"(2022NYLZ06).
文摘Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.
文摘On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However, without consideration of changes of environment, there are some limitations for static variance analysis with benchmark of plan data. Adjusting for benchmark according to actual condition, then doing variance analysis, these will improve utilization of variance analysis. Adjusted benchmark is often known as authorized cost/profit. For different understanding for authority concept, with RCA＇s （the abbreviation for Resource Consumption Accounting） view and numerical examples, this paper brings out the concept of consumption rate variance to promoting deeper understanding and analyzing reasons behind variance.
文摘Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent linkage system.Methods The authorized generic drugs play an important role in keeping the balance between brandname drugs and generic drugs in the US.Therefore,this system was investigated,focusing on its difference from independent generics,marketing procedures,application in patent litigation and legitimacy analysis through case evidence.This analogy analysis could provide a reference for the research of authorized generic drug systems in China.Results and Conclusion As an important factor affecting the balance between brand-name drugs and generic drugs,authorized generic drugs should be comprehensively analyzed and discussed,and a suitable system for China’s national conditions should be established by referring to the experiences of the US.
文摘In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:
基金This work was supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.2019ZTE03-01National Keystone R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFB0803204+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.61671001Guangdong Provincial R&D Key Program under Grant No.2019B010137001Shenzhen Research Programs under Grant Nos.JCYJ20190808155607340,JSGG20170406144032901,JSGG20170824095858416 and JCYJ20170306092030521PCL Future Regional Network Facilities for Large-scale Experiments and Applications under Grant No.PCL2018KP001.
文摘In architecture of cloud storage, the deduplication technology encrypted with theconvergent key is one of the important data compression technologies, which effectively improvesthe utilization of space and bandwidth. To further refine the usage scenarios for varioususer permissions and enhance user’s data security, we propose a blockchain-based differentialauthorized deduplication system. The proposed system optimizes the traditionalProof of Vote (PoV) consensus algorithm and simplifies the existing differential authorizationprocess to realize credible management and dynamic update of authority. Based on thedecentralized property of blockchain, we overcome the centralized single point fault problemof traditional differentially authorized deduplication system. Besides, the operations oflegitimate users are recorded in blocks to ensure the traceability of behaviors.
文摘China's shift from a subscribed capital system to an authorized capital system signifies a profound theoretical advancement in reform of the corporate capital regime,signaling a new era in legal governance for joint stock limited company financing.Central to this system is balancing corporate financing autonomy with shareholder interests—both incumbent and prospective.By empowering the board of directors to issue shares through articles of association or shareholder resolution,this framework not only streamlines company establishment but also redefines governance structures within corporate financing,underscoring board decision-making prerogatives.Integrating authorized capital with class shares and adopting a paid-in approach caters to diverse investor preferences,fostering novel capital transaction channels between corporations and shareholders while mitigating concerns over registered capital dilution.To balance and protect the interests of both new and existing shareholders under the model where shareholders have preemptive rights,it is essential to strengthen the fiduciary duties of directors.This should be supported by a judicial remedies of the primary purposes of new share issuances and legal remedies for any issuance defects.
文摘With the rapid development of wireless communication,spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields.Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum usage behavior in the environment,which is indispensable to secure safety and improve spectrum efficiency.However,spectrum anomaly detection faces many difficulties,especially for unauthorized frequency bands.In unauthorized bands,the composition of spectrum is complex and the anomaly usage patterns are unknown in prior.In this paper,a Variational Autoencoder-(VAE-)based method is proposed for spectrum anomaly detection in unauthorized bands.First of all,we theoretically prove that the anomalies in unauthorized bands will introduce Background Noise Enhancement(BNE)effect and Anomaly Signal Disappearance(ASD)effects after VAE reconstruction.Then,we introduce a novel anomaly metric termed as percentile(PER)score,which focuses on capturing the distribution variation of reconstruction error caused by ASD and BNE.In order to verify the effectiveness of our method,we developed an ISM Anomaly Detection(IAD)dataset.The proposed PER score achieves superior performance against different type of anomalies.For QPSK type anomaly,our method increases the recall rate from 80%to 93%while keeping a false alarm rate of 5%.The proposed method is beneficial to broadband spectrum sensing and massive spectrum data processing.The code will be released at git@github.com:QXSLAB/vae_ism_ano.git.
文摘I.THE AUTHORIZED CAPITAL SYSTEM AND THE CHANGE OF THE NATURE OF ISSUANCE RESOLUTIONS It is generally considered that different legal systems hold completely different attitude towards corporate capital.For example,the continental legal system adopts a legal capital system while the common law system adopts an authorized capital system.But actually,the legal
文摘Title Page The title page(page 1,do not number)should contain these elements:(a)full title;(b)Each authors'names,academic degrees,and affiliations(if Chinese,give standard English version);(c)the designated corresponding author's name,mailing address,telephone and fax numbers,and e-mail address;(d)source(s)of financial support of the study;(e)the total word count of the manuscript,including the title page,abstract,text,references,tables,and figures legends.
基金Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(Project No.:2024J2130)。
文摘Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasures and references for promoting the standardized implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Methods:A secondary analysis of literature was conducted to systematically search for domestic and international literature related to nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Meta-analysis was performed on eligible literature to evaluate the implementation effects.Simultaneously,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers,patients,and policymakers.Content analysis was used to organize the interview data and extract core issues and barriers.Results:A total of 46 international articles were included in the Meta-analysis,which revealed that the implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority significantly improved patients’health management outcomes,enhanced healthcare service efficiency,and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority has demonstrated significant positive effects.However,China faces multiple barriers in its advancement,necessitating efforts in optimizing policy systems,constructing collaborative models,strengthening professional skills training,and improving social awareness to guide the scientific and rational implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.
文摘International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials is dedicated to the publication and the dissemination of original research articles (and occasional invited reviews) in the fields of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials.It is covered by EI Compendex,SCI Expanded,Chemical Abstract,etc.Manuscript preparation The following components are required for a complete manuscript:Title,Author(s),Author affiliation(s),Abstract,Keywords,Main text,Acknowledgements and References.
文摘An integral part of the effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is carbon footprint accounting.EPA categorizes facility carbon footprints in three scopes.Scope-2 emissions include electricity,heat or steam purchased from a utility provider.This paper evaluates the existing calculation methods for scope-2 CO2 emissions for purchased electricity.The electricity grid in US is complex and is divided spatially into states,eGRID regions,balancing authorities(BAs),and utilities.Up to hourly temporal granularity can be obtained from available datasets.A matrix is developed that categorizes different datasets based on the complexity to calculate the carbon emission factors.Spatial and temporal variations are evaluated.There are significant spatial overlap between regions in different categories and emission factors within a region show sub-regional variation.An area analysis is done using zip-code polygons to determine whether a state or balancing authority is smaller for all the overlapping cases.Temporal variations in emission factors are significant depending on the balancing authority considered.A single method to calculate scope-2 emission factors may not be accurate and efficient in every case and a nuanced assessment of emission factors is warranted.An implementation pathway for a“smart carbon calculator”—one that gives accurate carbon footprint that is the spatially and temporally most granular is suggested.
文摘Should the article be accepted and published by Meteorological and Environmental Research,the author hereby grants exclusively to the editorial department of Meteorological and Environmental Research the digital reproduction,distribution,compilation and information network transmission rights.
文摘The copyright to this article in Chinese Journal of Polymer Science(CJPS)is transferred to Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Chemistry,CAS effective if and when the article is accepted for publication.The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant.The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right and license to reproduce,publish,distribute and archive the article in all forms and media of expression now known or developed in the future,including reprints,translations,photographic reproductions,microform,electronic form(offline,online)or any other reproductions of similar nature.
