The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewe...The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.展开更多
The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not...The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not have the brand name on its label,it is the exact same drug product as the brand name product.In China,for those published comparator products of generic drug products,the market availability is the first question to affect the smooth development and investigation for the process of the re-evaluation of the generic drugs.In the present paper,we systemically elaborated the definition,classification and relevant background of the AGs,as well as their differences to the generic drugs.At the same time,by taking drug products,which are adopted in the Chinese comparator product directories for generic medicinal products(first batch)and sourced from USA orange book,as examples,we introduced the searching process of the AGs with the integration of FDA listing of AGs,the USA orange book and the USA national drug code directory.It can facilitate the domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises to search,identify and purchase the corresponding AGs of the designated comparator product when question emerges to its market availability.展开更多
Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative posit...Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative positions of the switch rail and the stock rail,which will directly affect the wheel-rail contact state and wheel load transition when a train passes the turnout and will further impose serious impacts on the safety and stability of train operation.The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for wear management of high-speed turnout.Design/methodology/approach-The actual wear characteristics of switch rails of high-speed turnouts in different guiding directions were studied based on the monitoring results on site;the authorized wear limits for the switch rails of high-speed turnout were studied through derailment risk analysis and switch rail strength analysis.Findings-The results show that:the major factor for the service life of a curved switch rail is the lateral wear.The wear characteristics of the curved switch rail of a facing turnout are significantly different from those of a trailing turnout.To be specific,the lateral wear of the curved switch rail mainly occurs in the narrower section at its front end for a trailing turnout,but in the wider section at its rear end when for a facing turnout.The maximum lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a trailing turnout is found on the 15-mm wide section and is 3.9 mm,which does not reach the specified limit of 6 mm.For comparison,the lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a facing turnout is found from the 35-mm wide section to the full-width section and is greater than 7.5 mm,which exceeds the specified limit.Based on this,in addition to meeting the requirements of maintenance rules,the allowed wear of switch rails of high-speed turnout shall be so that the dangerous area with a tangent angle of wheel profile smaller than 43.68 will not contact the switch rail when the wheel is lifted by 2 mm.Accordingly,the lateral wear limit at the 5-mm wide section of the curved switch rail shall be reduced from 6 mm(as specified)to 3.5 mm.Originality/value-The work in this paper is of reference significance to the research on the development law of rail wear in high-speed turnout area and the formulation of relevant standards.展开更多
Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New tech...Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New techniques are required in order to classify packets based on user identity in addition to the traditional source and destination host addresses. This paper introduces Gaussian cryptographic techniques and protocols to assist network administrators in the complex task of identifying the originators of data packets on a network and more easily policing their behavior. The paper provides numerical examples that illustrate certain basic ideas.展开更多
The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal fram...The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article.展开更多
Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the...Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.展开更多
On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However...On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However, without consideration of changes of environment, there are some limitations for static variance analysis with benchmark of plan data. Adjusting for benchmark according to actual condition, then doing variance analysis, these will improve utilization of variance analysis. Adjusted benchmark is often known as authorized cost/profit. For different understanding for authority concept, with RCA＇s （the abbreviation for Resource Consumption Accounting） view and numerical examples, this paper brings out the concept of consumption rate variance to promoting deeper understanding and analyzing reasons behind variance.展开更多
Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent...Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent linkage system.Methods The authorized generic drugs play an important role in keeping the balance between brandname drugs and generic drugs in the US.Therefore,this system was investigated,focusing on its difference from independent generics,marketing procedures,application in patent litigation and legitimacy analysis through case evidence.This analogy analysis could provide a reference for the research of authorized generic drug systems in China.Results and Conclusion As an important factor affecting the balance between brand-name drugs and generic drugs,authorized generic drugs should be comprehensively analyzed and discussed,and a suitable system for China’s national conditions should be established by referring to the experiences of the US.展开更多
In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees f...In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:展开更多
In architecture of cloud storage, the deduplication technology encrypted with theconvergent key is one of the important data compression technologies, which effectively improvesthe utilization of space and bandwidth. ...In architecture of cloud storage, the deduplication technology encrypted with theconvergent key is one of the important data compression technologies, which effectively improvesthe utilization of space and bandwidth. To further refine the usage scenarios for varioususer permissions and enhance user’s data security, we propose a blockchain-based differentialauthorized deduplication system. The proposed system optimizes the traditionalProof of Vote (PoV) consensus algorithm and simplifies the existing differential authorizationprocess to realize credible management and dynamic update of authority. Based on thedecentralized property of blockchain, we overcome the centralized single point fault problemof traditional differentially authorized deduplication system. Besides, the operations oflegitimate users are recorded in blocks to ensure the traceability of behaviors.展开更多
Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sig...Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with China and the first to reach an upgraded protocol.Chile also established mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO)with China,the first country in South America to do so.展开更多
According to the Charter of the United Nations,the United Nations Security Council adopts a“collective security system”authorized voting system,which has prominent drawbacks such as difficulty in fully reflecting th...According to the Charter of the United Nations,the United Nations Security Council adopts a“collective security system”authorized voting system,which has prominent drawbacks such as difficulty in fully reflecting the will of all Member States.Combining interdisciplinary,qualitative and quantitative research methods,in response to the dilemma of Security Council voting reform,this article suggests retaining the Security Council voting system and recommending a simplified model of“basic and weighted half”for voting allocation.This model not only inherits the authorized voting system of the collective security system,but also follows the allocation system of sovereignty equality in the Charter.It can also achieve the“draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages”of Member States towards international development,promote the transformation of“absolute equality”of overall consistency into“real fairness”relative to individual contributions,and further promote the development of international law in the United Nations voting system.展开更多
With the rapid development of wireless communication,spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields.Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum u...With the rapid development of wireless communication,spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields.Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum usage behavior in the environment,which is indispensable to secure safety and improve spectrum efficiency.However,spectrum anomaly detection faces many difficulties,especially for unauthorized frequency bands.In unauthorized bands,the composition of spectrum is complex and the anomaly usage patterns are unknown in prior.In this paper,a Variational Autoencoder-(VAE-)based method is proposed for spectrum anomaly detection in unauthorized bands.First of all,we theoretically prove that the anomalies in unauthorized bands will introduce Background Noise Enhancement(BNE)effect and Anomaly Signal Disappearance(ASD)effects after VAE reconstruction.Then,we introduce a novel anomaly metric termed as percentile(PER)score,which focuses on capturing the distribution variation of reconstruction error caused by ASD and BNE.In order to verify the effectiveness of our method,we developed an ISM Anomaly Detection(IAD)dataset.The proposed PER score achieves superior performance against different type of anomalies.For QPSK type anomaly,our method increases the recall rate from 80%to 93%while keeping a false alarm rate of 5%.The proposed method is beneficial to broadband spectrum sensing and massive spectrum data processing.The code will be released at git@github.com:QXSLAB/vae_ism_ano.git.展开更多
To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply rel...To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.展开更多
I.THE AUTHORIZED CAPITAL SYSTEM AND THE CHANGE OF THE NATURE OF ISSUANCE RESOLUTIONS It is generally considered that different legal systems hold completely different attitude towards corporate capital.For example,the...I.THE AUTHORIZED CAPITAL SYSTEM AND THE CHANGE OF THE NATURE OF ISSUANCE RESOLUTIONS It is generally considered that different legal systems hold completely different attitude towards corporate capital.For example,the continental legal system adopts a legal capital system while the common law system adopts an authorized capital system.But actually,the legal展开更多
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)affects both adults and children,although the symptoms differ significantly between these groups.While adults typically experience heartburn and regurgitation,children may present ...Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)affects both adults and children,although the symptoms differ significantly between these groups.While adults typically experience heartburn and regurgitation,children may present with more subtle signs,such as failure to thrive,chronic cough,wheezing,and Sandifer syn-drome.Diagnosing GERD in children necessitates a multifaceted approach due to the diverse symptomatology and challenges in communication.Clinical assess-ment serves as the cornerstone of diagnosis,supported by tools like pH moni-toring,esophageal impedance testing,and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Imaging studies,such as barium swallow,can also provide valuable insights into anatomical abnormalities and the extent of reflux.Treatment strategies for pe-diatric GERD include lifestyle adjustments,pharmacotherapy,and,in severe cases,surgical interventions.Lifestyle adjustments may involve changes in fee-ding patterns,positional therapy,and weight management.Pharmacological options range from acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors or histamine-2 receptor antagonists to surgical procedures like fundoplication for refractory cases.Personalized management is essential,considering the child’s age,sym-ptom severity,and the presence of complications.This article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of pediatric GERD by utilizing current research to enhance clinical approaches and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Title Page The title page(page 1,do not number)should contain these elements:(a)full title;(b)Each authors'names,academic degrees,and affiliations(if Chinese,give standard English version);(c)the designated corres...Title Page The title page(page 1,do not number)should contain these elements:(a)full title;(b)Each authors'names,academic degrees,and affiliations(if Chinese,give standard English version);(c)the designated corresponding author's name,mailing address,telephone and fax numbers,and e-mail address;(d)source(s)of financial support of the study;(e)the total word count of the manuscript,including the title page,abstract,text,references,tables,and figures legends.展开更多
Epistemic trust refers to the mental or intellectual bond between the Self and Others, which takes two forms. First, it concerns the participants' mutual trust that they share a common ground for understanding,com...Epistemic trust refers to the mental or intellectual bond between the Self and Others, which takes two forms. First, it concerns the participants' mutual trust that they share a common ground for understanding,communication and interpretation of their social reality. Second, it arises from the explicit awareness that the participants differ with respect to their understanding of their common ground and are willing to learn from an epistemic authority. Authority is a voluntary symbolic relation between the Self and Others. It contrasts with power, which refers to a relation of coercion that enforces obedience. The growing democratization of institutions and liberalization, as well as growing distrust of professionals, scientists and politicians, together with the emphasis on the rights of individuals and minority groups, has led to a crisis of authority.展开更多
Introduction.Types of paper.Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research pa...Introduction.Types of paper.Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.展开更多
文摘The publishing conference of the Chinese version of National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines） and the inaugural peer reviewer meeting of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology： Digestive System Cancers （hereinafter referred to as NCCN Guidelines on Digestive System Cancers） were held in People＇s Medical Publishing House in January 28^th, 2016 （Figure 1）.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for ‘Major New Drugs Innovation and Development’(Grant No.2017ZX09101001,Beijing,China)
文摘The authorized generic drugs(AGs)are drug products marketed in the USA with the permission of sponsor or holder of the approved brand name drug(usually refers to an innovator drug).Other than the fact that it does not have the brand name on its label,it is the exact same drug product as the brand name product.In China,for those published comparator products of generic drug products,the market availability is the first question to affect the smooth development and investigation for the process of the re-evaluation of the generic drugs.In the present paper,we systemically elaborated the definition,classification and relevant background of the AGs,as well as their differences to the generic drugs.At the same time,by taking drug products,which are adopted in the Chinese comparator product directories for generic medicinal products(first batch)and sourced from USA orange book,as examples,we introduced the searching process of the AGs with the integration of FDA listing of AGs,the USA orange book and the USA national drug code directory.It can facilitate the domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises to search,identify and purchase the corresponding AGs of the designated comparator product when question emerges to its market availability.
基金supported by the Fund of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited (Grant Nos.2022YJ177 and 2022YJ088).
文摘Purpose-It is quite universal for high-speed turnouts to be exposed to the wear of the stock rail of the switch rail during the service process.The wear will cause the change of railhead profile and the relative positions of the switch rail and the stock rail,which will directly affect the wheel-rail contact state and wheel load transition when a train passes the turnout and will further impose serious impacts on the safety and stability of train operation.The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for wear management of high-speed turnout.Design/methodology/approach-The actual wear characteristics of switch rails of high-speed turnouts in different guiding directions were studied based on the monitoring results on site;the authorized wear limits for the switch rails of high-speed turnout were studied through derailment risk analysis and switch rail strength analysis.Findings-The results show that:the major factor for the service life of a curved switch rail is the lateral wear.The wear characteristics of the curved switch rail of a facing turnout are significantly different from those of a trailing turnout.To be specific,the lateral wear of the curved switch rail mainly occurs in the narrower section at its front end for a trailing turnout,but in the wider section at its rear end when for a facing turnout.The maximum lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a trailing turnout is found on the 15-mm wide section and is 3.9 mm,which does not reach the specified limit of 6 mm.For comparison,the lateral wear of a dismounted switch rail from a facing turnout is found from the 35-mm wide section to the full-width section and is greater than 7.5 mm,which exceeds the specified limit.Based on this,in addition to meeting the requirements of maintenance rules,the allowed wear of switch rails of high-speed turnout shall be so that the dangerous area with a tangent angle of wheel profile smaller than 43.68 will not contact the switch rail when the wheel is lifted by 2 mm.Accordingly,the lateral wear limit at the 5-mm wide section of the curved switch rail shall be reduced from 6 mm(as specified)to 3.5 mm.Originality/value-The work in this paper is of reference significance to the research on the development law of rail wear in high-speed turnout area and the formulation of relevant standards.
文摘Securing large corporate communication networks has become an increasingly difficult task. Sensitive information routinely leaves the company network boundaries and falls into the hands of unauthorized users. New techniques are required in order to classify packets based on user identity in addition to the traditional source and destination host addresses. This paper introduces Gaussian cryptographic techniques and protocols to assist network administrators in the complex task of identifying the originators of data packets on a network and more easily policing their behavior. The paper provides numerical examples that illustrate certain basic ideas.
文摘The present study will examine the legal regime of authorized natural persons,individual enterprises,and family businesses as regulated in Romania.Such an analysis aims at presenting a panoramic view of the legal framework in a representative country in Eastern Europe.Business activities can be carried out individually by individuals as well as large corporations,firms,and companies that have the status of legal persons.The business carried out by individuals,mainly in terms of the quality of an authorized natural person,is particularly important because it contributes to the development of the middle class within society and to giving professional and financial independence to different categories of professionals.The main aspects related to the qualification of specific notions in the field,the administrative steps for acquiring the status of an authorized natural person,individual enterprise and family enterprise,and their legal regime will be found in the article.
基金Supported by Agricultural Improved Variety Engineering Project of Shandong Province"Research on Super Wheat Breeding Technology"(LNLZ[2011]7,[2012]213)National Key Project for the Cultivation of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"Breeding of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"(2013ZX08002-003)Science and Technology Innovation Major Project of Tai an City"Breeding and Application of Breakthrough Wheat Varieties with High Yield,Wide Adaptability and Good Quality"(2022NYLZ06).
文摘Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.
文摘On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However, without consideration of changes of environment, there are some limitations for static variance analysis with benchmark of plan data. Adjusting for benchmark according to actual condition, then doing variance analysis, these will improve utilization of variance analysis. Adjusted benchmark is often known as authorized cost/profit. For different understanding for authority concept, with RCA＇s （the abbreviation for Resource Consumption Accounting） view and numerical examples, this paper brings out the concept of consumption rate variance to promoting deeper understanding and analyzing reasons behind variance.
文摘Objective To study the significance of authorized generic drugs due to the successive relevant documents issued by China’s government in recent years,which clearly stipulated that China should establish a drug patent linkage system.Methods The authorized generic drugs play an important role in keeping the balance between brandname drugs and generic drugs in the US.Therefore,this system was investigated,focusing on its difference from independent generics,marketing procedures,application in patent litigation and legitimacy analysis through case evidence.This analogy analysis could provide a reference for the research of authorized generic drug systems in China.Results and Conclusion As an important factor affecting the balance between brand-name drugs and generic drugs,authorized generic drugs should be comprehensively analyzed and discussed,and a suitable system for China’s national conditions should be established by referring to the experiences of the US.
文摘In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:
基金This work was supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.2019ZTE03-01National Keystone R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFB0803204+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.61671001Guangdong Provincial R&D Key Program under Grant No.2019B010137001Shenzhen Research Programs under Grant Nos.JCYJ20190808155607340,JSGG20170406144032901,JSGG20170824095858416 and JCYJ20170306092030521PCL Future Regional Network Facilities for Large-scale Experiments and Applications under Grant No.PCL2018KP001.
文摘In architecture of cloud storage, the deduplication technology encrypted with theconvergent key is one of the important data compression technologies, which effectively improvesthe utilization of space and bandwidth. To further refine the usage scenarios for varioususer permissions and enhance user’s data security, we propose a blockchain-based differentialauthorized deduplication system. The proposed system optimizes the traditionalProof of Vote (PoV) consensus algorithm and simplifies the existing differential authorizationprocess to realize credible management and dynamic update of authority. Based on thedecentralized property of blockchain, we overcome the centralized single point fault problemof traditional differentially authorized deduplication system. Besides, the operations oflegitimate users are recorded in blocks to ensure the traceability of behaviors.
文摘Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with China and the first to reach an upgraded protocol.Chile also established mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO)with China,the first country in South America to do so.
文摘According to the Charter of the United Nations,the United Nations Security Council adopts a“collective security system”authorized voting system,which has prominent drawbacks such as difficulty in fully reflecting the will of all Member States.Combining interdisciplinary,qualitative and quantitative research methods,in response to the dilemma of Security Council voting reform,this article suggests retaining the Security Council voting system and recommending a simplified model of“basic and weighted half”for voting allocation.This model not only inherits the authorized voting system of the collective security system,but also follows the allocation system of sovereignty equality in the Charter.It can also achieve the“draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages”of Member States towards international development,promote the transformation of“absolute equality”of overall consistency into“real fairness”relative to individual contributions,and further promote the development of international law in the United Nations voting system.
文摘With the rapid development of wireless communication,spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields.Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum usage behavior in the environment,which is indispensable to secure safety and improve spectrum efficiency.However,spectrum anomaly detection faces many difficulties,especially for unauthorized frequency bands.In unauthorized bands,the composition of spectrum is complex and the anomaly usage patterns are unknown in prior.In this paper,a Variational Autoencoder-(VAE-)based method is proposed for spectrum anomaly detection in unauthorized bands.First of all,we theoretically prove that the anomalies in unauthorized bands will introduce Background Noise Enhancement(BNE)effect and Anomaly Signal Disappearance(ASD)effects after VAE reconstruction.Then,we introduce a novel anomaly metric termed as percentile(PER)score,which focuses on capturing the distribution variation of reconstruction error caused by ASD and BNE.In order to verify the effectiveness of our method,we developed an ISM Anomaly Detection(IAD)dataset.The proposed PER score achieves superior performance against different type of anomalies.For QPSK type anomaly,our method increases the recall rate from 80%to 93%while keeping a false alarm rate of 5%.The proposed method is beneficial to broadband spectrum sensing and massive spectrum data processing.The code will be released at git@github.com:QXSLAB/vae_ism_ano.git.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant Nos.2024NSFSC0515,2024ZHCG0182 and MZGC20230013.
文摘To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.
文摘I.THE AUTHORIZED CAPITAL SYSTEM AND THE CHANGE OF THE NATURE OF ISSUANCE RESOLUTIONS It is generally considered that different legal systems hold completely different attitude towards corporate capital.For example,the continental legal system adopts a legal capital system while the common law system adopts an authorized capital system.But actually,the legal
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)affects both adults and children,although the symptoms differ significantly between these groups.While adults typically experience heartburn and regurgitation,children may present with more subtle signs,such as failure to thrive,chronic cough,wheezing,and Sandifer syn-drome.Diagnosing GERD in children necessitates a multifaceted approach due to the diverse symptomatology and challenges in communication.Clinical assess-ment serves as the cornerstone of diagnosis,supported by tools like pH moni-toring,esophageal impedance testing,and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Imaging studies,such as barium swallow,can also provide valuable insights into anatomical abnormalities and the extent of reflux.Treatment strategies for pe-diatric GERD include lifestyle adjustments,pharmacotherapy,and,in severe cases,surgical interventions.Lifestyle adjustments may involve changes in fee-ding patterns,positional therapy,and weight management.Pharmacological options range from acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors or histamine-2 receptor antagonists to surgical procedures like fundoplication for refractory cases.Personalized management is essential,considering the child’s age,sym-ptom severity,and the presence of complications.This article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of pediatric GERD by utilizing current research to enhance clinical approaches and improve patient outcomes.
文摘Title Page The title page(page 1,do not number)should contain these elements:(a)full title;(b)Each authors'names,academic degrees,and affiliations(if Chinese,give standard English version);(c)the designated corresponding author's name,mailing address,telephone and fax numbers,and e-mail address;(d)source(s)of financial support of the study;(e)the total word count of the manuscript,including the title page,abstract,text,references,tables,and figures legends.
文摘Epistemic trust refers to the mental or intellectual bond between the Self and Others, which takes two forms. First, it concerns the participants' mutual trust that they share a common ground for understanding,communication and interpretation of their social reality. Second, it arises from the explicit awareness that the participants differ with respect to their understanding of their common ground and are willing to learn from an epistemic authority. Authority is a voluntary symbolic relation between the Self and Others. It contrasts with power, which refers to a relation of coercion that enforces obedience. The growing democratization of institutions and liberalization, as well as growing distrust of professionals, scientists and politicians, together with the emphasis on the rights of individuals and minority groups, has led to a crisis of authority.
文摘Introduction.Types of paper.Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Reviews article(>10000 words),Short review(~5000 words),Feature article(>8000 words),Research paper,Short communication(~3000 words),Commentary(~1000 words),and Viewpiont(~3000 words).Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
