Our aim is to determine the cause(s) of migraine auras. Our understanding of how migraines and migraine auras originate is very imperfect. An important observation is that migraines occur more frequently in women at r...Our aim is to determine the cause(s) of migraine auras. Our understanding of how migraines and migraine auras originate is very imperfect. An important observation is that migraines occur more frequently in women at reproductive age than in men at a similar age. This suggests that gonadal hormones may be relevant triggers. The occurrence of classical (typical auras without headache) auras in one author (WB) has been recorded. Every aura in six years (85) has been noted, studied and analysed statistically. The auras occur predominantly in Spring and Autumn, especially in the longer reproductive season of Spring. This association is supported statistically. The results support the idea of gonadal hormones as relevant triggers, the strongest candidate being estrogen. Basic mechanisms underlying the auras are discussed, especially the phenomenon of cortical spreading depression. We also propose that both auras and migraines depend upon previous injury to the head or to the brain, giving rise to a condition of “deafferentation hypersensitivity”.展开更多
Background： An aura is usually considered to be the initial clinical sign of a seizure. The types ofabnomlal neuron activities （i.e., localized and generalized firing） play an important role in the diagnosis of epi...Background： An aura is usually considered to be the initial clinical sign of a seizure. The types ofabnomlal neuron activities （i.e., localized and generalized firing） play an important role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The goal of this study was to investigate the types of auras and its correlation with the localization and treatment of epilepsy. Methods： The 426 epileptic patients with auras from a single center were reviewed with reference to International League Against Epilepsy （ILAE, 1981） classification; the clinical manifestations and incidence of auras were analyzed in this retrospective study, as well as the restllts of electroencephalogram （EEG）, brain magnetic resonance imaging （M RI） and the treatment inethods. Results： Among the 426 epileptic patients, six different types of auras were defined, including autonomic auras, sensory auras, mental and affective auras, aura as vertigo, cognitive auras, and unspeakable feelings. Duration of auras ranged fi＇om 2 s to 7 rain; the median duration of auras was 64.2 s. Abnormal EEG was observed in 297 （69.72%） patients. Moreover, abnormal brain MRI was observed in 125 （29.34%） patients. Nineteen （4.46%） epilepsy patients with auras underwent both surgeries and antiepileptic drugs （AEDs） while others were treated only with AEDs. Conclusions： This study suggested that auras played an important role in the diagnosis, classification, and localization of epilepsy. Epileptic aura could help differentiate partial seizure from generalized seizure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Migraine has been proposed as a potential contributing factor to ischemic complications involving the retina and optic nerve.Ophthalmic disorders connected with migraine encompass occlusions of the branch a...BACKGROUND Migraine has been proposed as a potential contributing factor to ischemic complications involving the retina and optic nerve.Ophthalmic disorders connected with migraine encompass occlusions of the branch and central retinal arteries and veins,alongside anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to identify these macular subclinical microvascular and structural changes.AIM To evaluate macular and peripapillary structural and microvasculature changes in patients with migraine with aura(MA),migraine without aura(MW),and healthy control(HC)participants using OCTA.METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study,we studied a total of 100 eyes:(1)32 eyes of 16 patients with MA;(2)36 eyes of 18 patients with MW,recruited based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders;and(3)32 eyes of 16 age and sex-matched healthy participants.Foveal flux,foveal avascular zone(FAZ),peripapillary flux obtained from OCTA,and foveal and peripapillary ganglion cell layer(GCL)thickness calculated via optical coherence tomography were compared among the groups.RESULTS The mean FAZ area measured in patients with MA and MW was significantly larger than that in the control participants(P=0.002).However,there was no significant difference between the FAZ of the MA and MW groups.Macular perfusion in the superficial capillary plexus in patients with MA was significantly lower compared to MW(P=0.0018)and HCs(P=0.002).There was also significant thinning of the GCL in patients with MA and MW(P=0.001)compared to HCs.However,there was no significant difference in temporal GCL thickness between the MA and MW groups.CONCLUSION Significant changes have been found in structural and microvascular parameters in patients with migraines compared with HCs.OCTA can serve as a valuable non-invasive imaging technique for identifying microcirculatory disturbances,aiding in better understanding the pathogenesis of different types of migraine and establishing their link with other ischemic retinal and systemic pathologies.展开更多
AURA(Automatic User Role Assignment)能够大幅降低RBAC的管理开销。基于属性规则的访问控制机制能提供细粒度的访问控制。本文详细介绍基于XACML的AURA扩展、AURA中的XACML的策略语言模型、基于XACML的AURA的应用实例、基于XACML的AUR...AURA(Automatic User Role Assignment)能够大幅降低RBAC的管理开销。基于属性规则的访问控制机制能提供细粒度的访问控制。本文详细介绍基于XACML的AURA扩展、AURA中的XACML的策略语言模型、基于XACML的AURA的应用实例、基于XACML的AURA中存在的问题以及基于XACML的参考实现。展开更多
In the contemporary large tokamak, the disruptive termination of a discharge will reduce the lifetime of the first wall materials because of the intense heat flux at the energy quench and the intense runaway electrons...In the contemporary large tokamak, the disruptive termination of a discharge will reduce the lifetime of the first wall materials because of the intense heat flux at the energy quench and the intense runaway electrons during the current quench, and generate high electromagnetic forces on vacuum vessel components. The system of disruption warner must be established in the HL-2A tokamak. MHD real-time measuring and processing system has been designed and implemented. The system can be predicted the auras of dischage disruption in real-time, the energy quench and the current quench can be avoidanced.展开更多
文摘Our aim is to determine the cause(s) of migraine auras. Our understanding of how migraines and migraine auras originate is very imperfect. An important observation is that migraines occur more frequently in women at reproductive age than in men at a similar age. This suggests that gonadal hormones may be relevant triggers. The occurrence of classical (typical auras without headache) auras in one author (WB) has been recorded. Every aura in six years (85) has been noted, studied and analysed statistically. The auras occur predominantly in Spring and Autumn, especially in the longer reproductive season of Spring. This association is supported statistically. The results support the idea of gonadal hormones as relevant triggers, the strongest candidate being estrogen. Basic mechanisms underlying the auras are discussed, especially the phenomenon of cortical spreading depression. We also propose that both auras and migraines depend upon previous injury to the head or to the brain, giving rise to a condition of “deafferentation hypersensitivity”.
文摘Background： An aura is usually considered to be the initial clinical sign of a seizure. The types ofabnomlal neuron activities （i.e., localized and generalized firing） play an important role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The goal of this study was to investigate the types of auras and its correlation with the localization and treatment of epilepsy. Methods： The 426 epileptic patients with auras from a single center were reviewed with reference to International League Against Epilepsy （ILAE, 1981） classification; the clinical manifestations and incidence of auras were analyzed in this retrospective study, as well as the restllts of electroencephalogram （EEG）, brain magnetic resonance imaging （M RI） and the treatment inethods. Results： Among the 426 epileptic patients, six different types of auras were defined, including autonomic auras, sensory auras, mental and affective auras, aura as vertigo, cognitive auras, and unspeakable feelings. Duration of auras ranged fi＇om 2 s to 7 rain; the median duration of auras was 64.2 s. Abnormal EEG was observed in 297 （69.72%） patients. Moreover, abnormal brain MRI was observed in 125 （29.34%） patients. Nineteen （4.46%） epilepsy patients with auras underwent both surgeries and antiepileptic drugs （AEDs） while others were treated only with AEDs. Conclusions： This study suggested that auras played an important role in the diagnosis, classification, and localization of epilepsy. Epileptic aura could help differentiate partial seizure from generalized seizure.
文摘BACKGROUND Migraine has been proposed as a potential contributing factor to ischemic complications involving the retina and optic nerve.Ophthalmic disorders connected with migraine encompass occlusions of the branch and central retinal arteries and veins,alongside anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to identify these macular subclinical microvascular and structural changes.AIM To evaluate macular and peripapillary structural and microvasculature changes in patients with migraine with aura(MA),migraine without aura(MW),and healthy control(HC)participants using OCTA.METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study,we studied a total of 100 eyes:(1)32 eyes of 16 patients with MA;(2)36 eyes of 18 patients with MW,recruited based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders;and(3)32 eyes of 16 age and sex-matched healthy participants.Foveal flux,foveal avascular zone(FAZ),peripapillary flux obtained from OCTA,and foveal and peripapillary ganglion cell layer(GCL)thickness calculated via optical coherence tomography were compared among the groups.RESULTS The mean FAZ area measured in patients with MA and MW was significantly larger than that in the control participants(P=0.002).However,there was no significant difference between the FAZ of the MA and MW groups.Macular perfusion in the superficial capillary plexus in patients with MA was significantly lower compared to MW(P=0.0018)and HCs(P=0.002).There was also significant thinning of the GCL in patients with MA and MW(P=0.001)compared to HCs.However,there was no significant difference in temporal GCL thickness between the MA and MW groups.CONCLUSION Significant changes have been found in structural and microvascular parameters in patients with migraines compared with HCs.OCTA can serve as a valuable non-invasive imaging technique for identifying microcirculatory disturbances,aiding in better understanding the pathogenesis of different types of migraine and establishing their link with other ischemic retinal and systemic pathologies.
文摘AURA(Automatic User Role Assignment)能够大幅降低RBAC的管理开销。基于属性规则的访问控制机制能提供细粒度的访问控制。本文详细介绍基于XACML的AURA扩展、AURA中的XACML的策略语言模型、基于XACML的AURA的应用实例、基于XACML的AURA中存在的问题以及基于XACML的参考实现。
文摘In the contemporary large tokamak, the disruptive termination of a discharge will reduce the lifetime of the first wall materials because of the intense heat flux at the energy quench and the intense runaway electrons during the current quench, and generate high electromagnetic forces on vacuum vessel components. The system of disruption warner must be established in the HL-2A tokamak. MHD real-time measuring and processing system has been designed and implemented. The system can be predicted the auras of dischage disruption in real-time, the energy quench and the current quench can be avoidanced.
