INTRODUCTIONThe liver is one of the organs,which have potentialregenerative capability in mammalian animal.The study of the canine model indicated that theliver could regenerate to original size after 70%hepatectomy i...INTRODUCTIONThe liver is one of the organs,which have potentialregenerative capability in mammalian animal.The study of the canine model indicated that theliver could regenerate to original size after 70%hepatectomy in only two weeks.So it is a hotresearch topic for the cellular and molecularmechanism of liver regeneration.展开更多
Hepatic stimulator substance （HSS） has been referred to as a liver-specific but species non-specific growth factor. Gradient purification and sequence analysis of HSS protein indicated that it contained the augmente...Hepatic stimulator substance （HSS） has been referred to as a liver-specific but species non-specific growth factor. Gradient purification and sequence analysis of HSS protein indicated that it contained the augmenter of liver regeneration （ALR）, also known as hepatopoietin （HPO）. ALR, acting as a hepatotrophic growth factor, specifically stimulated proliferation of cultured hepatocytes as well as hepatoma cells in vitro, promoted liver regeneration and recovery of damaged hepatocytes and rescued acute hepatic failure in vivo. ALR belongs to the new Erv1/Alr protein family, members of which are found in lower and higher eukaryotes from yeast to man and even in some double-stranded DNA viruses. The present review article focuses on the molecular biology of ALR, examining the ALR gene and its expression from yeast to man and the biological function of ALR protein. ALR protein seems to be non-liver-specific as was previously believed, increasing the necessity to extend research on mammalian ALR protein in different tissues, organs and developmental stages in conditions of normal and abnormal cellular growth.展开更多
AIM： To observe the effects of augmenter of liver regeneration （ALR） on Kupffer cells and to determine whether ALR promotes hepatocyte proliferation induced by Kupffer cells. METHODS： Kupffer cells and hepatocytes...AIM： To observe the effects of augmenter of liver regeneration （ALR） on Kupffer cells and to determine whether ALR promotes hepatocyte proliferation induced by Kupffer cells. METHODS： Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were cultured in vitro and various concentrations of recombinant rat ALR （rrALR） were added. ^3H-thymidine, BrdU and ^3H-leucine incorporation was determined in cultured Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, in hepatocytes conditioned by Kupffer cells, and in associated medium, rrALR was labeled by iodination and used to determine its binding activity by Scatchard analysis in Kupffer cells and primarily cultured rat hepatocytes. RESULTS： rrALR stimulated DNA replication in Kupffer cells and protein synthesis both in cells and in medium in a non-concentration-dependent manner. The effect was significant at the concentration of 1μg/L ALR. However, rrALR had no effect on primarily cultured hepatocytes, when hepatocytes were cultured with the Kupffer cell medium conditioned by ALR, DNA replication and protein synthesis in hepatocytes increased significantly at the concentration of 1μg/L ALR. When the ALR concentration was increased, its effect on hepatocyte proliferation decreased to the basal level. Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of a single class of high affinity receptors with a dissociation constant （Kd） of 0.883 nmol/L and a maximum binding capacity （Bmax） of 126.1 pmol/g protein in the rat Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION： ALR can promote hepatocyte proliferation induced by Kupffer cells, which is associated with the concentration of ALR, suggesting that Kupffer cells play a dual role in liver regeneration.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the role of autophagy in the antiapoptotic effect of augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR).METHODS:Autophagy was induced through serum deprivation.An ALR-expressing plasmid was transfected into HepG2...AIM:To investigate the role of autophagy in the antiapoptotic effect of augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR).METHODS:Autophagy was induced through serum deprivation.An ALR-expressing plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells,and autophagic flux was determined using fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy,Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) assays.After ALR-expressing plasmid transfection,an autophagy inhibitor [3-methyladenine(3-MA)] was added to HepG2 cells,and apoptosis was observed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.RESULTS:Autophagy was activated in HepG2 cells,peaking at 24 h after serum deprivation.Microtubuleassociated protein light chain three-II levels were higher in HepG2 cells treated with ALR than in control cells,fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy and q PCR studies showed the similar trend,and p62 levels showed the opposite trend,which indicated that ALR may play an important role in increasing autophagy flux.The numbers of apoptotic cells were substantially higher in HepG2 cells treated with both ALR and 3-MA than in cells treated with ALR alone.Therefore,the protective effect of ALR was significantly attenuated or abolished when autophagy was inhibited,indicating that the anti-apoptotic effect of ALR may be related to autophagy.CONCLUSION:ALR protects cells from apoptosis partly through increased autophagy in HepG2 cells and may be valuable as a new therapeutic treatment for liver disease.展开更多
AIM： To construct the expression vectors for prokaryotic and eukaryotic human augmenter of liver regeneration （hALR） and to study their biological activity. METHODS： hALRcDNA clone was obtained from plasmid pGEM-T...AIM： To construct the expression vectors for prokaryotic and eukaryotic human augmenter of liver regeneration （hALR） and to study their biological activity. METHODS： hALRcDNA clone was obtained from plasmid pGEM-T-hALR, and cDNA was subcloned into the prokatyotic expression vector pGEX-4T-2. The recombinant vector and pGEX-4T-2hALR were identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing and transformed into E coli JM109. The positively selected clone was induced by the expression of GST-hALR fusion protein with IPTG, then the fusion protein was purified by glutathine s-transferase （GST） sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, cleaved by thrombin and the hALR monomer was obtained and detected by measuring H thymidine incorporation. RESULTS： The product of PCR from plasmid pGEM-T- hALR was examined by 1.5% sepharose electrophoresis. The specific strap was coincident with the theoretical one. The sequence was accurate and pGEX-4T-hALP digested by enzymes was coincident with the theoretical one. The sequence was accurate and the fragment was inserted in the positive direction. The recombinant vector was transformed into E coli JM109. SDS-PAGE proved that the induced expressive fusion protein showed a single band with a molecular weight of 41 kDa. The product was purified and cleaved. The molecular weights of GST and hALR were 26 kDa, 15 kDa respectively. The recombinant fusion protein accounted for 31% of the total soluble protein of bacterial lysate. HALR added to the culture medium of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture and HepG2 cell line could significantly enhance the rate of DNA synthesis compared to the relevant control groups （P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Purified hALR has the ability to stimulate DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture and HepG2 cells in vitro, and can provide evidence for its clinical application.展开更多
Objective: To study the function of augmenter of liverregeneration (ALR) as a regulatory factor that specif-ically stimulates hepatic cell regeneration, we con-structed yeast expressive vector of ALR and expressedit i...Objective: To study the function of augmenter of liverregeneration (ALR) as a regulatory factor that specif-ically stimulates hepatic cell regeneration, we con-structed yeast expressive vector of ALR and expressedit in yeast cells.Methods: Total RNA was extracted from HepG2 cells,and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to amplify the coding re-gion of ALR. The products were cloned into pGEM-Tvector and sequenced, then cloned into pGBKT7 vec-tor. The recombinant plasmid pGBKT7-ALR wastransformed into yeast AH109. The yeast protein wasextracted and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blottinghybridization technique.Results: DNA sequencing results confirmed that thecoding region of ALR was correctly inserted into theyeast expression vector, and Western blotting assayshowed that recombinant ALR was successfully ex-pressed in yeast. Its molecular weight was identical tothe theoretical value of 15,000 Da; the protein wasfound inside the yeast cells.Conclusion: The successful expression of ALR in yeastcells makes it possible to study further on its biologicalfunction.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological function of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), we usedyeast-two hybrid technique to detect proteins in hepatocytes interacting with ALR.METHODS: ALR bait plasmid was constr...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological function of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), we usedyeast-two hybrid technique to detect proteins in hepatocytes interacting with ALR.METHODS: ALR bait plasmid was constructed by using yeast-two hybrid system 3, then transformedinto yeast AH109. The transformed yeast was mated with yeast Y187 containing liver cDNA libraryplasmid in a 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on a synthetic dropout nutrient medium(SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-α-gal for selection and screening. After extracting and sequencingof the plasmid from blue colonies. Analysis was performed by bioinformatics.RESULTS: Of 36 colonies sequenced, 14 are metallothionein, 12 albumin, and 3 selenoprotein P. Onecolony is a new gene with unknown function.CONCLUSION: The successful cloning of gene of ALR interacting protein has paved the way forstudying the physiological function of ALR and associated proteins.展开更多
Experimental evidence has been presented to suggest that the human augmenter of liver regeneration （hALR） serves as a hepatotruphic growth factor during liver regeneration and as a generalized growth factor during p...Experimental evidence has been presented to suggest that the human augmenter of liver regeneration （hALR） serves as a hepatotruphic growth factor during liver regeneration and as a generalized growth factor during pancreas transplant/regeneration. A prokaryotic expression plasmid, pRSET/6his-c-myc-hALR was constructed, by cloning synthesized hALR cDNA into pRSET/6his-c-myc that was improved on the basis of pRSET B by the group. As a result, the protein was highly expressed in E. coli BL21. The recombinant hALR was over 60% of the total protein in E. coli. Its validity was confirmed by means of Western Blotting. The protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chrumatography and this FAD-dependent sulthydryl oxidase activity was measured.展开更多
Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer, often resulting in death. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), a widely expressed multifunctional protein, has roles in ...Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer, often resulting in death. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), a widely expressed multifunctional protein, has roles in liver dis-ease. In our previous study, we reported that ALR knock-down inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell death. However, there is no study on the roles of ALR in HCC. Methods: We used in vitro and in vivo models to inves-tigate the effects of ALR in HCC as well as its mechanism of action. We produced and characterized a human ALR-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and investigated the effects of the mAb in HCC cells. Results: The purified ALR-specific mAb matched the predicted molecular weight of IgG heavy and light chains. Thereafter, we used the ALR-specific mAb as a therapeutic strategy to suppress tumor growth in nude mice. Additionally, we assessed the prolif-eration and viability of three HCC cell lines, Hep G2, Huh-7, and MHC97-H, treated with the ALR-specific mAb. Com-pared with controls, tumor growth was inhibited in mice treated with the ALR-specific mAb at 5 mg/kg, as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining and terminal deoxynu-cleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Simultaneous treatment with the ALR-specific mAb and adriamycin pro-moted apoptosis, whereas treatment with the ALR-specific mAb alone inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusions: The ALR-specific mAb might be a novel therapy for HCC by blocking extracellular ALR.展开更多
The satellite-based augmentation system(SBAS)provides differential and integrity augmentation services for life safety fields of aviation and navigation.However,the signal structure of SBAS is public,which incurs a ri...The satellite-based augmentation system(SBAS)provides differential and integrity augmentation services for life safety fields of aviation and navigation.However,the signal structure of SBAS is public,which incurs a risk of spoofing attacks.To improve the anti-spoofing capability of the SBAS,European Union and the United States conduct research on navigation message authentication,and promote the standardization of SBAS message authentication.For the development of Beidou satellite-based augmentation system(BDSBAS),this paper proposes navigation message authentication based on the Chinese commercial cryptographic standards.Firstly,this paper expounds the architecture and principles of the SBAS message authentication,and then carries out the design of timed efficient streaming losstolerant authentication scheme(TESLA)and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA)authentication schemes based on Chinese commercial cryptographic standards,message arrangement and the design of over-the-air rekeying(OTAR)message.Finally,this paper conducts a theoretical analysis of the time between authentications(TBA)and maximum authentication latency(MAL)for L5 TESLA-I and L5 ECDSA-Q,and further simulates the reception time of OTAR message,TBA and MAL from the aspects of OTAR message weight and demodulation error rate.The simulation results can provide theoretical supports for the standardization of BDSBAS message authentication.展开更多
Discriminative region localization and efficient feature encoding are crucial for fine-grained object recognition.However,existing data augmentation methods struggle to accurately locate discriminative regions in comp...Discriminative region localization and efficient feature encoding are crucial for fine-grained object recognition.However,existing data augmentation methods struggle to accurately locate discriminative regions in complex backgrounds,small target objects,and limited training data,leading to poor recognition.Fine-grained images exhibit“small inter-class differences,”and while second-order feature encoding enhances discrimination,it often requires dual Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),increasing training time and complexity.This study proposes a model integrating discriminative region localization and efficient second-order feature encoding.By ranking feature map channels via a fully connected layer,it selects high-importance channels to generate an enhanced map,accurately locating discriminative regions.Cropping and erasing augmentations further refine recognition.To improve efficiency,a novel second-order feature encoding module generates an attention map from the fourth convolutional group of Residual Network 50 layers(ResNet-50)and multiplies it with features from the fifth group,producing second-order features while reducing dimensionality and training time.Experiments on Caltech-University of California,San Diego Birds-200-2011(CUB-200-2011),Stanford Car,and Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft(FGVC Aircraft)datasets show state-of-the-art accuracy of 88.9%,94.7%,and 93.3%,respectively.展开更多
In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often fa...In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.展开更多
Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Althou...Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.展开更多
Legal case classification involves the categorization of legal documents into predefined categories,which facilitates legal information retrieval and case management.However,real-world legal datasets often suffer from...Legal case classification involves the categorization of legal documents into predefined categories,which facilitates legal information retrieval and case management.However,real-world legal datasets often suffer from class imbalances due to the uneven distribution of case types across legal domains.This leads to biased model performance,in the form of high accuracy for overrepresented categories and underperformance for minority classes.To address this issue,in this study,we propose a data augmentation method that masks unimportant terms within a document selectively while preserving key terms fromthe perspective of the legal domain.This approach enhances data diversity and improves the generalization capability of conventional models.Our experiments demonstrate consistent improvements achieved by the proposed augmentation strategy in terms of accuracy and F1 score across all models,validating the effectiveness of the proposed method in legal case classification.展开更多
Surgical navigation has evolved significantly through advances in augmented reality,virtual reality,and mixed reality,improving precision and safety across many clinical applications,including neurosurgery,maxillofaci...Surgical navigation has evolved significantly through advances in augmented reality,virtual reality,and mixed reality,improving precision and safety across many clinical applications,including neurosurgery,maxillofacial,spinal,and arthroplasty procedures.By integrating preoperative imaging with real-time intraoperative data,these systems provide dynamic guidance,reduce radiation exposure,and minimize tissue damage.Key challenges persist,including intraoperative registration accuracy,flexible tissue deformation,respiratory compensation,and real-time imaging quality.Emerging solutions include artificial intelligence-driven segmentation,deformation-field modeling,and hybrid registration techniques.Future developments will include lightweight,portable systems,improved non-rigid registration algorithms,and greater clinical adoption.Despite advances in rigid-tissue applications,soft-tissue navigation requires additional innovation to address motion variability and registration reliability,ultimately advancing minimally invasive surgery and precision medicine.展开更多
Crack detection accuracy in computer vision is often constrained by limited annotated datasets.Although Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have been applied for data augmentation,they frequently introduce blurs and ...Crack detection accuracy in computer vision is often constrained by limited annotated datasets.Although Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have been applied for data augmentation,they frequently introduce blurs and artifacts.To address this challenge,this study leverages Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models(DDPMs)to generate high-quality synthetic crack images,enriching the training set with diverse and structurally consistent samples that enhance the crack segmentation.The proposed framework involves a two-stage pipeline:first,DDPMs are used to synthesize high-fidelity crack images that capture fine structural details.Second,these generated samples are combined with real data to train segmentation networks,thereby improving accuracy and robustness in crack detection.Compared with GAN-based approaches,DDPM achieved the best fidelity,with the highest Structural Similarity Index(SSIM)(0.302)and lowest Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity(LPIPS)(0.461),producing artifact-free images that preserve fine crack details.To validate its effectiveness,six segmentation models were tested,among which LinkNet consistently achieved the best performance,excelling in both region-level accuracy and structural continuity.Incorporating DDPM-augmented data further enhanced segmentation outcomes,increasing F1 scores by up to 1.1%and IoU by 1.7%,while also improving boundary alignment and skeleton continuity compared with models trained on real images alone.Experiments with varying augmentation ratios showed consistent improvements,with F1 rising from 0.946(no augmentation)to 0.957 and IoU from 0.897 to 0.913 at the highest ratio.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of diffusion-based augmentation for complex crack detection in structural health monitoring.展开更多
Objective expertise evaluation of individuals,as a prerequisite stage for team formation,has been a long-term desideratum in large software development companies.With the rapid advancements in machine learning methods...Objective expertise evaluation of individuals,as a prerequisite stage for team formation,has been a long-term desideratum in large software development companies.With the rapid advancements in machine learning methods,based on reliable existing data stored in project management tools’datasets,automating this evaluation process becomes a natural step forward.In this context,our approach focuses on quantifying software developer expertise by using metadata from the task-tracking systems.For this,we mathematically formalize two categories of expertise:technology-specific expertise,which denotes the skills required for a particular technology,and general expertise,which encapsulates overall knowledge in the software industry.Afterward,we automatically classify the zones of expertise associated with each task a developer has worked on using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)-like transformers to handle the unique characteristics of project tool datasets effectively.Finally,our method evaluates the proficiency of each software specialist across already completed projects from both technology-specific and general perspectives.The method was experimentally validated,yielding promising results.展开更多
To address the issues of insufficient and imbalanced data samples in proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)performance degradation prediction,this study proposes a data augmentation-based model to predict PEMFC per...To address the issues of insufficient and imbalanced data samples in proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)performance degradation prediction,this study proposes a data augmentation-based model to predict PEMFC performance degradation.Firstly,an improved generative adversarial network(IGAN)with adaptive gradient penalty coefficient is proposed to address the problems of excessively fast gradient descent and insufficient diversity of generated samples.Then,the IGANis used to generate datawith a distribution analogous to real data,therebymitigating the insufficiency and imbalance of original PEMFC samples and providing the predictionmodel with training data rich in feature information.Finally,a convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-termmemory(CNN-BiLSTM)model is adopted to predict PEMFC performance degradation.Experimental results show that the data generated by the proposed IGAN exhibits higher quality than that generated by the original GAN,and can fully characterize and enrich the original data’s features.Using the augmented data,the prediction accuracy of the CNN-BiLSTM model is significantly improved,rendering it applicable to tasks of predicting PEMFC performance degradation.展开更多
Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in de...Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe liver is one of the organs,which have potentialregenerative capability in mammalian animal.The study of the canine model indicated that theliver could regenerate to original size after 70%hepatectomy in only two weeks.So it is a hotresearch topic for the cellular and molecularmechanism of liver regeneration.
文摘Hepatic stimulator substance （HSS） has been referred to as a liver-specific but species non-specific growth factor. Gradient purification and sequence analysis of HSS protein indicated that it contained the augmenter of liver regeneration （ALR）, also known as hepatopoietin （HPO）. ALR, acting as a hepatotrophic growth factor, specifically stimulated proliferation of cultured hepatocytes as well as hepatoma cells in vitro, promoted liver regeneration and recovery of damaged hepatocytes and rescued acute hepatic failure in vivo. ALR belongs to the new Erv1/Alr protein family, members of which are found in lower and higher eukaryotes from yeast to man and even in some double-stranded DNA viruses. The present review article focuses on the molecular biology of ALR, examining the ALR gene and its expression from yeast to man and the biological function of ALR protein. ALR protein seems to be non-liver-specific as was previously believed, increasing the necessity to extend research on mammalian ALR protein in different tissues, organs and developmental stages in conditions of normal and abnormal cellular growth.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program), No. 2003 AA208106Medical Outstanding Talent Foundation of the Army, No. 04J020
文摘AIM： To observe the effects of augmenter of liver regeneration （ALR） on Kupffer cells and to determine whether ALR promotes hepatocyte proliferation induced by Kupffer cells. METHODS： Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were cultured in vitro and various concentrations of recombinant rat ALR （rrALR） were added. ^3H-thymidine, BrdU and ^3H-leucine incorporation was determined in cultured Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, in hepatocytes conditioned by Kupffer cells, and in associated medium, rrALR was labeled by iodination and used to determine its binding activity by Scatchard analysis in Kupffer cells and primarily cultured rat hepatocytes. RESULTS： rrALR stimulated DNA replication in Kupffer cells and protein synthesis both in cells and in medium in a non-concentration-dependent manner. The effect was significant at the concentration of 1μg/L ALR. However, rrALR had no effect on primarily cultured hepatocytes, when hepatocytes were cultured with the Kupffer cell medium conditioned by ALR, DNA replication and protein synthesis in hepatocytes increased significantly at the concentration of 1μg/L ALR. When the ALR concentration was increased, its effect on hepatocyte proliferation decreased to the basal level. Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of a single class of high affinity receptors with a dissociation constant （Kd） of 0.883 nmol/L and a maximum binding capacity （Bmax） of 126.1 pmol/g protein in the rat Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION： ALR can promote hepatocyte proliferation induced by Kupffer cells, which is associated with the concentration of ALR, suggesting that Kupffer cells play a dual role in liver regeneration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81300349 and No.81270532Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7144216+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program,No.Z131107000413016Project of Science and Technology Activities of Preferred Overseas Personnel of Beijing(2014)Project of Cultivation of High Level Medical Technical Personnel in Health System of Beijing
文摘AIM:To investigate the role of autophagy in the antiapoptotic effect of augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR).METHODS:Autophagy was induced through serum deprivation.An ALR-expressing plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells,and autophagic flux was determined using fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy,Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) assays.After ALR-expressing plasmid transfection,an autophagy inhibitor [3-methyladenine(3-MA)] was added to HepG2 cells,and apoptosis was observed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.RESULTS:Autophagy was activated in HepG2 cells,peaking at 24 h after serum deprivation.Microtubuleassociated protein light chain three-II levels were higher in HepG2 cells treated with ALR than in control cells,fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy and q PCR studies showed the similar trend,and p62 levels showed the opposite trend,which indicated that ALR may play an important role in increasing autophagy flux.The numbers of apoptotic cells were substantially higher in HepG2 cells treated with both ALR and 3-MA than in cells treated with ALR alone.Therefore,the protective effect of ALR was significantly attenuated or abolished when autophagy was inhibited,indicating that the anti-apoptotic effect of ALR may be related to autophagy.CONCLUSION:ALR protects cells from apoptosis partly through increased autophagy in HepG2 cells and may be valuable as a new therapeutic treatment for liver disease.
基金Supported by National "863" Program of China , No. 2002AA214011
文摘AIM： To construct the expression vectors for prokaryotic and eukaryotic human augmenter of liver regeneration （hALR） and to study their biological activity. METHODS： hALRcDNA clone was obtained from plasmid pGEM-T-hALR, and cDNA was subcloned into the prokatyotic expression vector pGEX-4T-2. The recombinant vector and pGEX-4T-2hALR were identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing and transformed into E coli JM109. The positively selected clone was induced by the expression of GST-hALR fusion protein with IPTG, then the fusion protein was purified by glutathine s-transferase （GST） sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, cleaved by thrombin and the hALR monomer was obtained and detected by measuring H thymidine incorporation. RESULTS： The product of PCR from plasmid pGEM-T- hALR was examined by 1.5% sepharose electrophoresis. The specific strap was coincident with the theoretical one. The sequence was accurate and pGEX-4T-hALP digested by enzymes was coincident with the theoretical one. The sequence was accurate and the fragment was inserted in the positive direction. The recombinant vector was transformed into E coli JM109. SDS-PAGE proved that the induced expressive fusion protein showed a single band with a molecular weight of 41 kDa. The product was purified and cleaved. The molecular weights of GST and hALR were 26 kDa, 15 kDa respectively. The recombinant fusion protein accounted for 31% of the total soluble protein of bacterial lysate. HALR added to the culture medium of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture and HepG2 cell line could significantly enhance the rate of DNA synthesis compared to the relevant control groups （P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Purified hALR has the ability to stimulate DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture and HepG2 cells in vitro, and can provide evidence for its clinical application.
文摘Objective: To study the function of augmenter of liverregeneration (ALR) as a regulatory factor that specif-ically stimulates hepatic cell regeneration, we con-structed yeast expressive vector of ALR and expressedit in yeast cells.Methods: Total RNA was extracted from HepG2 cells,and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to amplify the coding re-gion of ALR. The products were cloned into pGEM-Tvector and sequenced, then cloned into pGBKT7 vec-tor. The recombinant plasmid pGBKT7-ALR wastransformed into yeast AH109. The yeast protein wasextracted and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blottinghybridization technique.Results: DNA sequencing results confirmed that thecoding region of ALR was correctly inserted into theyeast expression vector, and Western blotting assayshowed that recombinant ALR was successfully ex-pressed in yeast. Its molecular weight was identical tothe theoretical value of 15,000 Da; the protein wasfound inside the yeast cells.Conclusion: The successful expression of ALR in yeastcells makes it possible to study further on its biologicalfunction.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological function of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), we usedyeast-two hybrid technique to detect proteins in hepatocytes interacting with ALR.METHODS: ALR bait plasmid was constructed by using yeast-two hybrid system 3, then transformedinto yeast AH109. The transformed yeast was mated with yeast Y187 containing liver cDNA libraryplasmid in a 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on a synthetic dropout nutrient medium(SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-α-gal for selection and screening. After extracting and sequencingof the plasmid from blue colonies. Analysis was performed by bioinformatics.RESULTS: Of 36 colonies sequenced, 14 are metallothionein, 12 albumin, and 3 selenoprotein P. Onecolony is a new gene with unknown function.CONCLUSION: The successful cloning of gene of ALR interacting protein has paved the way forstudying the physiological function of ALR and associated proteins.
文摘Experimental evidence has been presented to suggest that the human augmenter of liver regeneration （hALR） serves as a hepatotruphic growth factor during liver regeneration and as a generalized growth factor during pancreas transplant/regeneration. A prokaryotic expression plasmid, pRSET/6his-c-myc-hALR was constructed, by cloning synthesized hALR cDNA into pRSET/6his-c-myc that was improved on the basis of pRSET B by the group. As a result, the protein was highly expressed in E. coli BL21. The recombinant hALR was over 60% of the total protein in E. coli. Its validity was confirmed by means of Western Blotting. The protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chrumatography and this FAD-dependent sulthydryl oxidase activity was measured.
文摘Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer, often resulting in death. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), a widely expressed multifunctional protein, has roles in liver dis-ease. In our previous study, we reported that ALR knock-down inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell death. However, there is no study on the roles of ALR in HCC. Methods: We used in vitro and in vivo models to inves-tigate the effects of ALR in HCC as well as its mechanism of action. We produced and characterized a human ALR-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and investigated the effects of the mAb in HCC cells. Results: The purified ALR-specific mAb matched the predicted molecular weight of IgG heavy and light chains. Thereafter, we used the ALR-specific mAb as a therapeutic strategy to suppress tumor growth in nude mice. Additionally, we assessed the prolif-eration and viability of three HCC cell lines, Hep G2, Huh-7, and MHC97-H, treated with the ALR-specific mAb. Com-pared with controls, tumor growth was inhibited in mice treated with the ALR-specific mAb at 5 mg/kg, as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining and terminal deoxynu-cleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Simultaneous treatment with the ALR-specific mAb and adriamycin pro-moted apoptosis, whereas treatment with the ALR-specific mAb alone inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusions: The ALR-specific mAb might be a novel therapy for HCC by blocking extracellular ALR.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:Space-based occultation detection with ground-based GNSS atmospheric horizontal gradient model(41904033).
文摘The satellite-based augmentation system(SBAS)provides differential and integrity augmentation services for life safety fields of aviation and navigation.However,the signal structure of SBAS is public,which incurs a risk of spoofing attacks.To improve the anti-spoofing capability of the SBAS,European Union and the United States conduct research on navigation message authentication,and promote the standardization of SBAS message authentication.For the development of Beidou satellite-based augmentation system(BDSBAS),this paper proposes navigation message authentication based on the Chinese commercial cryptographic standards.Firstly,this paper expounds the architecture and principles of the SBAS message authentication,and then carries out the design of timed efficient streaming losstolerant authentication scheme(TESLA)and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA)authentication schemes based on Chinese commercial cryptographic standards,message arrangement and the design of over-the-air rekeying(OTAR)message.Finally,this paper conducts a theoretical analysis of the time between authentications(TBA)and maximum authentication latency(MAL)for L5 TESLA-I and L5 ECDSA-Q,and further simulates the reception time of OTAR message,TBA and MAL from the aspects of OTAR message weight and demodulation error rate.The simulation results can provide theoretical supports for the standardization of BDSBAS message authentication.
基金supported,in part,by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant 62272236,62376128 and 62306139the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20201136,BK20191401.
文摘Discriminative region localization and efficient feature encoding are crucial for fine-grained object recognition.However,existing data augmentation methods struggle to accurately locate discriminative regions in complex backgrounds,small target objects,and limited training data,leading to poor recognition.Fine-grained images exhibit“small inter-class differences,”and while second-order feature encoding enhances discrimination,it often requires dual Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),increasing training time and complexity.This study proposes a model integrating discriminative region localization and efficient second-order feature encoding.By ranking feature map channels via a fully connected layer,it selects high-importance channels to generate an enhanced map,accurately locating discriminative regions.Cropping and erasing augmentations further refine recognition.To improve efficiency,a novel second-order feature encoding module generates an attention map from the fourth convolutional group of Residual Network 50 layers(ResNet-50)and multiplies it with features from the fifth group,producing second-order features while reducing dimensionality and training time.Experiments on Caltech-University of California,San Diego Birds-200-2011(CUB-200-2011),Stanford Car,and Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft(FGVC Aircraft)datasets show state-of-the-art accuracy of 88.9%,94.7%,and 93.3%,respectively.
文摘In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.
文摘Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.
基金supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)[RS-2021-II211341,Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(Chung-Ang University)],and by the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2024.
文摘Legal case classification involves the categorization of legal documents into predefined categories,which facilitates legal information retrieval and case management.However,real-world legal datasets often suffer from class imbalances due to the uneven distribution of case types across legal domains.This leads to biased model performance,in the form of high accuracy for overrepresented categories and underperformance for minority classes.To address this issue,in this study,we propose a data augmentation method that masks unimportant terms within a document selectively while preserving key terms fromthe perspective of the legal domain.This approach enhances data diversity and improves the generalization capability of conventional models.Our experiments demonstrate consistent improvements achieved by the proposed augmentation strategy in terms of accuracy and F1 score across all models,validating the effectiveness of the proposed method in legal case classification.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants 62025104,62422102,62331005,62301034,and U22A2052the Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Daxing Innovation Joint Fund(L256040).
文摘Surgical navigation has evolved significantly through advances in augmented reality,virtual reality,and mixed reality,improving precision and safety across many clinical applications,including neurosurgery,maxillofacial,spinal,and arthroplasty procedures.By integrating preoperative imaging with real-time intraoperative data,these systems provide dynamic guidance,reduce radiation exposure,and minimize tissue damage.Key challenges persist,including intraoperative registration accuracy,flexible tissue deformation,respiratory compensation,and real-time imaging quality.Emerging solutions include artificial intelligence-driven segmentation,deformation-field modeling,and hybrid registration techniques.Future developments will include lightweight,portable systems,improved non-rigid registration algorithms,and greater clinical adoption.Despite advances in rigid-tissue applications,soft-tissue navigation requires additional innovation to address motion variability and registration reliability,ultimately advancing minimally invasive surgery and precision medicine.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:52508343)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.:B250201004).
文摘Crack detection accuracy in computer vision is often constrained by limited annotated datasets.Although Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have been applied for data augmentation,they frequently introduce blurs and artifacts.To address this challenge,this study leverages Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models(DDPMs)to generate high-quality synthetic crack images,enriching the training set with diverse and structurally consistent samples that enhance the crack segmentation.The proposed framework involves a two-stage pipeline:first,DDPMs are used to synthesize high-fidelity crack images that capture fine structural details.Second,these generated samples are combined with real data to train segmentation networks,thereby improving accuracy and robustness in crack detection.Compared with GAN-based approaches,DDPM achieved the best fidelity,with the highest Structural Similarity Index(SSIM)(0.302)and lowest Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity(LPIPS)(0.461),producing artifact-free images that preserve fine crack details.To validate its effectiveness,six segmentation models were tested,among which LinkNet consistently achieved the best performance,excelling in both region-level accuracy and structural continuity.Incorporating DDPM-augmented data further enhanced segmentation outcomes,increasing F1 scores by up to 1.1%and IoU by 1.7%,while also improving boundary alignment and skeleton continuity compared with models trained on real images alone.Experiments with varying augmentation ratios showed consistent improvements,with F1 rising from 0.946(no augmentation)to 0.957 and IoU from 0.897 to 0.913 at the highest ratio.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of diffusion-based augmentation for complex crack detection in structural health monitoring.
基金supported by the project“Romanian Hub for Artificial Intelligence-HRIA”,Smart Growth,Digitization and Financial Instruments Program,2021–2027,MySMIS No.334906.
文摘Objective expertise evaluation of individuals,as a prerequisite stage for team formation,has been a long-term desideratum in large software development companies.With the rapid advancements in machine learning methods,based on reliable existing data stored in project management tools’datasets,automating this evaluation process becomes a natural step forward.In this context,our approach focuses on quantifying software developer expertise by using metadata from the task-tracking systems.For this,we mathematically formalize two categories of expertise:technology-specific expertise,which denotes the skills required for a particular technology,and general expertise,which encapsulates overall knowledge in the software industry.Afterward,we automatically classify the zones of expertise associated with each task a developer has worked on using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT)-like transformers to handle the unique characteristics of project tool datasets effectively.Finally,our method evaluates the proficiency of each software specialist across already completed projects from both technology-specific and general perspectives.The method was experimentally validated,yielding promising results.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of the Key Technology for Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and the Suqian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing(Grant No.M202108).
文摘To address the issues of insufficient and imbalanced data samples in proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)performance degradation prediction,this study proposes a data augmentation-based model to predict PEMFC performance degradation.Firstly,an improved generative adversarial network(IGAN)with adaptive gradient penalty coefficient is proposed to address the problems of excessively fast gradient descent and insufficient diversity of generated samples.Then,the IGANis used to generate datawith a distribution analogous to real data,therebymitigating the insufficiency and imbalance of original PEMFC samples and providing the predictionmodel with training data rich in feature information.Finally,a convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-termmemory(CNN-BiLSTM)model is adopted to predict PEMFC performance degradation.Experimental results show that the data generated by the proposed IGAN exhibits higher quality than that generated by the original GAN,and can fully characterize and enrich the original data’s features.Using the augmented data,the prediction accuracy of the CNN-BiLSTM model is significantly improved,rendering it applicable to tasks of predicting PEMFC performance degradation.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075137)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140161)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JJB 110003)the Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800936312)the high-level talent program of Dongguan University of Technology(No.221110080)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202103014).
文摘Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.
