Attracting foreign capital is a key pillar of China’s reform and opening up policy,and foreign-funded enterprises are an important component of China’s economy.Currently,China is taking steps to further boost its at...Attracting foreign capital is a key pillar of China’s reform and opening up policy,and foreign-funded enterprises are an important component of China’s economy.Currently,China is taking steps to further boost its attractiveness as a foreign direct investment(FDI)destination in order to seek more foreign capital.展开更多
In this article, we investigate a class of stochastic neutral partial functional differ- ential equations. By establishing new integral inequalities, the attracting and quasi-invariant sets of stochastic neutral parti...In this article, we investigate a class of stochastic neutral partial functional differ- ential equations. By establishing new integral inequalities, the attracting and quasi-invariant sets of stochastic neutral partial functional differential equations are obtained. The results in [15, 16] are generalized and improved.展开更多
An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together fo...An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together form an overall effect that "draws" CA,n towards best fitting to the group of points. The basic element of the force is called circular attracting factor(CAF) which is defined as a real scalar in a radial direction of CA,n. An iterative algorithm based on this idea is proposed, and the convergence and accuracy are analyzed. The algorithm converges uniformly which is proved by the analysis of Lyapunov function, and the accuracy of the algorithm is in accord with that of geometric least squares of circle fitting. The algorithm is adopted to circle detection in grayscale images, in which the transferring to binary images is not required, and thus the algorithm is less sensitive to lightening and background noise. The main point for the adaption is the calculation of CAF which is extended in radial directions of CA,n for the whole image. All pixels would apply forces to CA,n, and the overall effect of forces would be equivalent to a force from the centroid of pixels to CA,n. The forces from would-be edge pixels would overweigh that from noisy pixels, so the following approximate circle would be of better fitting. To reduce the amount of calculation, pixels are only used in an annular area including the boundary of CA,n just in between for the calculation of CAF. Examples are given, showing the process of circle fitting of scattered points around a circle from an initial assuming circle, comparing the fitting results for scattered points from some related literature, applying the method proposed for circular edge detection in grayscale images with noise, and/or with only partial arc of a circle, and for circle detection in BGA inspection.展开更多
The 13th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition（CHINA DIECASTING 2018） and 2018 China NonferrousAlloys ＆ Special Casting Exhibition （CHINA NONFERROUS2018） were held concurrently July 18-20 at Shang...The 13th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition（CHINA DIECASTING 2018） and 2018 China NonferrousAlloys ＆ Special Casting Exhibition （CHINA NONFERROUS2018） were held concurrently July 18-20 at Shanghai NewInternational Expo Centre. The events were co-organized bythe Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical EngineeringSociety （FICMES）, Shenyang Zhongzhu Foundry ProductivityPromotion Center Co., Ltd. （FPC） and the State Key Laboratoryof Light Alloys Casting Technologies for High-end Equipment.展开更多
We study a generalized Cauchy problem associated with a class of impulsive fractional differential inclusions of Sobolev type in Banach spaces. Our aim is to prove the existence of a compact set of globally attracting...We study a generalized Cauchy problem associated with a class of impulsive fractional differential inclusions of Sobolev type in Banach spaces. Our aim is to prove the existence of a compact set of globally attracting solutions to the problem in question. An application to fractional partial differential equations subject to impulsive effects is given to illustrate our results.展开更多
Beijing’s commercial landscape just got a vibrant addition.On January 20,the city’s Daxing District announced that Egyptian company Aegilon had established a business,Aegilon(Beijing),in the district with a register...Beijing’s commercial landscape just got a vibrant addition.On January 20,the city’s Daxing District announced that Egyptian company Aegilon had established a business,Aegilon(Beijing),in the district with a registered capital of $2.1 million.展开更多
In Valletta,capital city of Malta,a group of ladies wearing colorful Chinese costumes,known as hanfu,walked nicely along its old street on Saturday afternoon,attracting both the Maltese people and tourists from around...In Valletta,capital city of Malta,a group of ladies wearing colorful Chinese costumes,known as hanfu,walked nicely along its old street on Saturday afternoon,attracting both the Maltese people and tourists from around the world.A fascinating hanfu show organized by the China Cultural Center in Malta was performed by 23 ladies from China,Malta and Italy.展开更多
Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2D) β-TeO_(2) has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [Nat. Electron. 4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This "breakthrough" not onl...Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2D) β-TeO_(2) has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [Nat. Electron. 4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This "breakthrough" not only challenges the conventional characterization of TeO_(2) as an insulator but also conflicts with the anticipated difficulty in hole doping of TeO_(2) by established chemical trends. Notably, the reported Fermi level of 0.9 eV above the valence band maximum actually suggests that the material is an insulator, contradicting the high hole density obtained by Hall effect measurement. Furthermore, the detected residual Se and the possible reduced elemental Te in the 2D β-TeO_(2) samples introduces complexity, considering that elemental Se, Te, and Te_(1−x)Se_(x) themselves are high-mobility p-type semiconductors. Therefore, doubts regarding the true cause of the p-type conductivity observed in the 2D β-TeO_(2) samples arise. In this Letter, we employ density functional theory calculations to illustrate that TeO_(2), whether in its bulk forms of α-, β-, or γ-TeO_(2), or in the 2D β-TeO_(2) nanosheets, inherently exhibits insulating properties and poses challenges in carrier doping due to its shallow conduction band minimum and deep valence band maximum. Our findings shed light on the insulating properties and doping difficulty of TeO_(2), contrasting with the claimed p-type conductivity in the 2D β-TeO_(2) samples, prompting inquiries into the true origin of the p-type conductivity.展开更多
It is one of the must-visit history museums,known for its vast collection of historical artifacts,attracting around three million domestic and international visitors each year.THE Shaanxi History Museum(SHM),in the re...It is one of the must-visit history museums,known for its vast collection of historical artifacts,attracting around three million domestic and international visitors each year.THE Shaanxi History Museum(SHM),in the renowned historic city of Xi’an in Shaanxi Province,is often regarded as one of the museums most difficult to get a ticket to in China.Each day,approximately 12,000 free online tickets are made available and are fully booked within just a couple of minutes.Its vast collection of treasured relics and numerous national treasures leave visitors in awe.展开更多
The Spring Festival,China’s most significant holiday,is also a vital driver of the country’s economy.This year,it shone even brighter,as the festival followed its inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the I...The Spring Festival,China’s most significant holiday,is also a vital driver of the country’s economy.This year,it shone even brighter,as the festival followed its inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,sparking renewed enthusiasm domestically and attracting heightened interest from abroad.展开更多
At its second edition,the Vietnam International Trade Fair for Apparel,Textiles,and Textile Technologies(VIATT)has once again proven a vital trade platform for the global textile value chain.Taking place from 26-28 Fe...At its second edition,the Vietnam International Trade Fair for Apparel,Textiles,and Textile Technologies(VIATT)has once again proven a vital trade platform for the global textile value chain.Taking place from 26-28 February 2025,the show concluded with resounding SucCess,after attracting over 19,000 visits from over 70 countries and regions.The fair also welcomed 463 exhibitors from 24 countries and regions.展开更多
The 36th China International Automotive Service&Parts Exhibition(CIAACE),one of the most significant events in the automotive industry,is currently in full swing,attracting global attention and fostering internati...The 36th China International Automotive Service&Parts Exhibition(CIAACE),one of the most significant events in the automotive industry,is currently in full swing,attracting global attention and fostering international collaboration.With the theme“Global Resources,Chinese Market”,the exhibition spans an impressive 250,000 square meters and features nearly 6,000 domestic and international exhibitors showcasing over 80,000 products,including more than 5,000 new product launches.This year’s event is not only a comprehensive showcase of automotive innovation but also a strategic platform for Chinese enterprises to expand their global footprint,with a particular focus on the rapidly growing new energy vehicle(NEV)sector.展开更多
Raman spectroscopy offers a great power to detect,analyze and identify molecules,and monitor their temporal dynamics and evolution when combined with single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SM-SERS)substrate...Raman spectroscopy offers a great power to detect,analyze and identify molecules,and monitor their temporal dynamics and evolution when combined with single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SM-SERS)substrates.Here we present a SM-SERS scheme that involves simultaneously giant chemical enhancement from WS22D materials,giant electromagnetic enhancement from plasmonic nanogap hot spot,and inhibition of molecular fluorescence influence under near-infrared laser illumination.Remarkably we find Coulomb attraction between analyte and gold nanoparticle can trigger spontaneous formation of molecule-hotspot pairing with high precision,stability and robustness.The scheme has enabled realization of universal,robust,fast,and large-scale uniform SM-SERS detection for three Raman molecules of rhodamine B,rhodamine 6G,and crystal violet with a very low detection limit of 10−16 M and at a very fast spectrum acquisition time of 50 ms.展开更多
The discovery of the chaos extends our knowledge about the steady state motion, i. e. except for the unbounded solution and the three bounded solutions (equilibrium, periodic and quasiperiodic), a new bounded solutio...The discovery of the chaos extends our knowledge about the steady state motion, i. e. except for the unbounded solution and the three bounded solutions (equilibrium, periodic and quasiperiodic), a new bounded solution——chaotic solution is added. It is remarkable that two or more steady state attractors may coexist in many cases and have their own attracting basins with non-zero Lebesgue measure in the展开更多
The piecewise linear H?non map (x,y)→(1-a|x|+by,x) was treated by Lozi, T?l et al. We analyze the structure of its attracting set for a=8/5 and b=9/25 using the notations of symbolic dynamics.
Let D be a dendrite and f be a continuous map on D.Denote by R(f),Ω(f)andω(x,f)the set of recurrent points,the set of non-wandering points and the set ofω-limit points of x under f,respectively.WriteΩ_(k+1)(f)=Ω(...Let D be a dendrite and f be a continuous map on D.Denote by R(f),Ω(f)andω(x,f)the set of recurrent points,the set of non-wandering points and the set ofω-limit points of x under f,respectively.WriteΩ_(k+1)(f)=Ω(f|_(()Ω_(k)(f)))andω^(k+1)(f)=∪_(()x∈ω~k(f))ω(x,f)for any positive integer k,whereΩ_(1)(f)=Ω(f)andω(f)=∪_(x∈D)ω(x,f).ω~m(f)is called the attracting centre of f ifω^(m+1)(f)=ω~m(f).In this paper,we show that if the rank of D is n-1,then we have the following results:(1)ω^(n+2)(f)=ω^(n+1)(f)and the attracting centre of f isω^(n+1)(f);(2)Ω_(n+2)(f)=■and the depth of f is at most n+2.Further,if the set of(n-1)-order accumulation points of Br(D)(the set of branch points of D)is a singleton,thenΩ_(n+1)(f)=■and the depth of f is at most n+1.Besides,we show that there exist a dendrite D_(1)whose rank is n-1 and the set of(n-1)-order accumulation points of Br(D_(1))is a singleton,and a continuous map g on D_(1)such thatω^(n+1)(g)≠ω~n(g)andΩn(f)≠■.展开更多
The paper is devoted to the analysis of certain dynamical properties of a family of iterative Newton type methods used to find roots of non-linear equations. We present a procedure for constructing polynomials in such...The paper is devoted to the analysis of certain dynamical properties of a family of iterative Newton type methods used to find roots of non-linear equations. We present a procedure for constructing polynomials in such a way that superattracting cycles of any prescribed length occur when these iterative methods are applied. This paper completes the study begun in Amat, Bermúclez, Busquier, et al., (2009).展开更多
By means of the Banach fixed point principle,we establish some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of the global attracting sets and the exponential decay in the mean square of mild solutions for a class of n...By means of the Banach fixed point principle,we establish some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of the global attracting sets and the exponential decay in the mean square of mild solutions for a class of neutral stochastic functional differential equations by Poisson jumps.An example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.展开更多
The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,t...The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.展开更多
文摘Attracting foreign capital is a key pillar of China’s reform and opening up policy,and foreign-funded enterprises are an important component of China’s economy.Currently,China is taking steps to further boost its attractiveness as a foreign direct investment(FDI)destination in order to seek more foreign capital.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11271270 and 11201320)
文摘In this article, we investigate a class of stochastic neutral partial functional differ- ential equations. By establishing new integral inequalities, the attracting and quasi-invariant sets of stochastic neutral partial functional differential equations are obtained. The results in [15, 16] are generalized and improved.
基金Project(2013CB035504) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2012zzts078) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,ChinaProject(2009ZX02038) supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together form an overall effect that "draws" CA,n towards best fitting to the group of points. The basic element of the force is called circular attracting factor(CAF) which is defined as a real scalar in a radial direction of CA,n. An iterative algorithm based on this idea is proposed, and the convergence and accuracy are analyzed. The algorithm converges uniformly which is proved by the analysis of Lyapunov function, and the accuracy of the algorithm is in accord with that of geometric least squares of circle fitting. The algorithm is adopted to circle detection in grayscale images, in which the transferring to binary images is not required, and thus the algorithm is less sensitive to lightening and background noise. The main point for the adaption is the calculation of CAF which is extended in radial directions of CA,n for the whole image. All pixels would apply forces to CA,n, and the overall effect of forces would be equivalent to a force from the centroid of pixels to CA,n. The forces from would-be edge pixels would overweigh that from noisy pixels, so the following approximate circle would be of better fitting. To reduce the amount of calculation, pixels are only used in an annular area including the boundary of CA,n just in between for the calculation of CAF. Examples are given, showing the process of circle fitting of scattered points around a circle from an initial assuming circle, comparing the fitting results for scattered points from some related literature, applying the method proposed for circular edge detection in grayscale images with noise, and/or with only partial arc of a circle, and for circle detection in BGA inspection.
文摘The 13th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition（CHINA DIECASTING 2018） and 2018 China NonferrousAlloys ＆ Special Casting Exhibition （CHINA NONFERROUS2018） were held concurrently July 18-20 at Shanghai NewInternational Expo Centre. The events were co-organized bythe Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical EngineeringSociety （FICMES）, Shenyang Zhongzhu Foundry ProductivityPromotion Center Co., Ltd. （FPC） and the State Key Laboratoryof Light Alloys Casting Technologies for High-end Equipment.
基金supported by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under grant number 101.02-2015.18
文摘We study a generalized Cauchy problem associated with a class of impulsive fractional differential inclusions of Sobolev type in Banach spaces. Our aim is to prove the existence of a compact set of globally attracting solutions to the problem in question. An application to fractional partial differential equations subject to impulsive effects is given to illustrate our results.
文摘Beijing’s commercial landscape just got a vibrant addition.On January 20,the city’s Daxing District announced that Egyptian company Aegilon had established a business,Aegilon(Beijing),in the district with a registered capital of $2.1 million.
文摘In Valletta,capital city of Malta,a group of ladies wearing colorful Chinese costumes,known as hanfu,walked nicely along its old street on Saturday afternoon,attracting both the Maltese people and tourists from around the world.A fascinating hanfu show organized by the China Cultural Center in Malta was performed by 23 ladies from China,Malta and Italy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372150,12088101,and 11991060)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4200305)。
文摘Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2D) β-TeO_(2) has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [Nat. Electron. 4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This "breakthrough" not only challenges the conventional characterization of TeO_(2) as an insulator but also conflicts with the anticipated difficulty in hole doping of TeO_(2) by established chemical trends. Notably, the reported Fermi level of 0.9 eV above the valence band maximum actually suggests that the material is an insulator, contradicting the high hole density obtained by Hall effect measurement. Furthermore, the detected residual Se and the possible reduced elemental Te in the 2D β-TeO_(2) samples introduces complexity, considering that elemental Se, Te, and Te_(1−x)Se_(x) themselves are high-mobility p-type semiconductors. Therefore, doubts regarding the true cause of the p-type conductivity observed in the 2D β-TeO_(2) samples arise. In this Letter, we employ density functional theory calculations to illustrate that TeO_(2), whether in its bulk forms of α-, β-, or γ-TeO_(2), or in the 2D β-TeO_(2) nanosheets, inherently exhibits insulating properties and poses challenges in carrier doping due to its shallow conduction band minimum and deep valence band maximum. Our findings shed light on the insulating properties and doping difficulty of TeO_(2), contrasting with the claimed p-type conductivity in the 2D β-TeO_(2) samples, prompting inquiries into the true origin of the p-type conductivity.
文摘It is one of the must-visit history museums,known for its vast collection of historical artifacts,attracting around three million domestic and international visitors each year.THE Shaanxi History Museum(SHM),in the renowned historic city of Xi’an in Shaanxi Province,is often regarded as one of the museums most difficult to get a ticket to in China.Each day,approximately 12,000 free online tickets are made available and are fully booked within just a couple of minutes.Its vast collection of treasured relics and numerous national treasures leave visitors in awe.
文摘The Spring Festival,China’s most significant holiday,is also a vital driver of the country’s economy.This year,it shone even brighter,as the festival followed its inclusion on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,sparking renewed enthusiasm domestically and attracting heightened interest from abroad.
文摘At its second edition,the Vietnam International Trade Fair for Apparel,Textiles,and Textile Technologies(VIATT)has once again proven a vital trade platform for the global textile value chain.Taking place from 26-28 February 2025,the show concluded with resounding SucCess,after attracting over 19,000 visits from over 70 countries and regions.The fair also welcomed 463 exhibitors from 24 countries and regions.
文摘The 36th China International Automotive Service&Parts Exhibition(CIAACE),one of the most significant events in the automotive industry,is currently in full swing,attracting global attention and fostering international collaboration.With the theme“Global Resources,Chinese Market”,the exhibition spans an impressive 250,000 square meters and features nearly 6,000 domestic and international exhibitors showcasing over 80,000 products,including more than 5,000 new product launches.This year’s event is not only a comprehensive showcase of automotive innovation but also a strategic platform for Chinese enterprises to expand their global footprint,with a particular focus on the rapidly growing new energy vehicle(NEV)sector.
基金financial support from Science and Technology Project of Guangdong(2020B010190001)National Natural Science Foundation(12434016).
文摘Raman spectroscopy offers a great power to detect,analyze and identify molecules,and monitor their temporal dynamics and evolution when combined with single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SM-SERS)substrates.Here we present a SM-SERS scheme that involves simultaneously giant chemical enhancement from WS22D materials,giant electromagnetic enhancement from plasmonic nanogap hot spot,and inhibition of molecular fluorescence influence under near-infrared laser illumination.Remarkably we find Coulomb attraction between analyte and gold nanoparticle can trigger spontaneous formation of molecule-hotspot pairing with high precision,stability and robustness.The scheme has enabled realization of universal,robust,fast,and large-scale uniform SM-SERS detection for three Raman molecules of rhodamine B,rhodamine 6G,and crystal violet with a very low detection limit of 10−16 M and at a very fast spectrum acquisition time of 50 ms.
基金Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The discovery of the chaos extends our knowledge about the steady state motion, i. e. except for the unbounded solution and the three bounded solutions (equilibrium, periodic and quasiperiodic), a new bounded solution——chaotic solution is added. It is remarkable that two or more steady state attractors may coexist in many cases and have their own attracting basins with non-zero Lebesgue measure in the
文摘The piecewise linear H?non map (x,y)→(1-a|x|+by,x) was treated by Lozi, T?l et al. We analyze the structure of its attracting set for a=8/5 and b=9/25 using the notations of symbolic dynamics.
基金Supported NSF of Guangxi(Grant Nos.2022GXNSFAA035552,2020GXNSFAA297010)PYMRBAP for Guangxi CU(Grant No.2021KY0651)。
文摘Let D be a dendrite and f be a continuous map on D.Denote by R(f),Ω(f)andω(x,f)the set of recurrent points,the set of non-wandering points and the set ofω-limit points of x under f,respectively.WriteΩ_(k+1)(f)=Ω(f|_(()Ω_(k)(f)))andω^(k+1)(f)=∪_(()x∈ω~k(f))ω(x,f)for any positive integer k,whereΩ_(1)(f)=Ω(f)andω(f)=∪_(x∈D)ω(x,f).ω~m(f)is called the attracting centre of f ifω^(m+1)(f)=ω~m(f).In this paper,we show that if the rank of D is n-1,then we have the following results:(1)ω^(n+2)(f)=ω^(n+1)(f)and the attracting centre of f isω^(n+1)(f);(2)Ω_(n+2)(f)=■and the depth of f is at most n+2.Further,if the set of(n-1)-order accumulation points of Br(D)(the set of branch points of D)is a singleton,thenΩ_(n+1)(f)=■and the depth of f is at most n+1.Besides,we show that there exist a dendrite D_(1)whose rank is n-1 and the set of(n-1)-order accumulation points of Br(D_(1))is a singleton,and a continuous map g on D_(1)such thatω^(n+1)(g)≠ω~n(g)andΩn(f)≠■.
基金supported in part by Spanish Grants MTM2007-62945Fondecyt Grant 1095025, Chile
文摘The paper is devoted to the analysis of certain dynamical properties of a family of iterative Newton type methods used to find roots of non-linear equations. We present a procedure for constructing polynomials in such a way that superattracting cycles of any prescribed length occur when these iterative methods are applied. This paper completes the study begun in Amat, Bermúclez, Busquier, et al., (2009).
文摘By means of the Banach fixed point principle,we establish some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of the global attracting sets and the exponential decay in the mean square of mild solutions for a class of neutral stochastic functional differential equations by Poisson jumps.An example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400700)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2308085MC89)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP)。
文摘The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.
