BACKGROUND Depression,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and suicide attempts(SA)often co-occur during adolescence and are associated with long-term adverse health outcomes.Unfortunately,neural mechanisms underlying self-...BACKGROUND Depression,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and suicide attempts(SA)often co-occur during adolescence and are associated with long-term adverse health outcomes.Unfortunately,neural mechanisms underlying self-injury and SA are poorly understood in depressed adolescents but likely relate to the structural abnormalities in brain regions.AIM To investigate structural network communication within large-scale brain networks in adolescents with depression.METHODS We constructed five distinct network communication models to evaluate structural network efficiency at the whole-brain level in adolescents with depression.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 healthy controls and 85 depressed adolescents,including 17 depressed adolescents without SA or NSSI(major depressive disorder group),27 depressed adolescents with NSSI but no SA(NSSI group),and 41 depressed adolescents with SA and NSSI(NSSI+SA group).RESULTS Significant differences in structural network communication were observed across the four groups,involving spatially widespread brain regions,particularly encompassing cortico-cortical connections(e.g.,dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus and the right ventral posterior cingulate gyrus;connections based on precentral gyrus)and cortico-subcortical circuits(e.g.,the nucleus accumbens-frontal circuit).In addition,we examined whether compromised communication efficiency was linked to clinical symptoms in the depressed adolescents.We observed significant correlations between network communication efficiencies and clinical scale scores derived from depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of structural network communication differences in depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA,highlighting impaired neuroanatomical communication efficiency as a potential contributor to their symptoms.These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of NSSI and SA in adolescent depression.展开更多
Dear Editor,Major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with a high rate of suicide attempts(SA).Previous reports have identified risk factors for SA in MDD patients,including sex and metabolic disorders[1].However,to...Dear Editor,Major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with a high rate of suicide attempts(SA).Previous reports have identified risk factors for SA in MDD patients,including sex and metabolic disorders[1].However,to our knowledge,the impact of sex differences on the association between body mass index(BMI)status and SA in patients with MDD has not been investigated.Th is study aimed to investigate:1)the sex diff erence in the prevalence of recent SA in Chinese drug-naïve fi rst-episode(DNFE)MDD patients,and 2)the eff ect of sex diff erence on the relationship between higher BMI(overweight or obese)and recent SA.Patients were recruited from the First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017.All patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described in previous studies[2].展开更多
A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide（OP）exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity a...A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide（OP）exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale（BIS）and the Aggression Inventory（AI）.展开更多
Background: The association of eating habits and suicide attempts has been insufficiently studied. Aim: This study aimed to determine the eating habits associated with suicide attempts in a sample of psychiatric outpa...Background: The association of eating habits and suicide attempts has been insufficiently studied. Aim: This study aimed to determine the eating habits associated with suicide attempts in a sample of psychiatric outpatients. Methods: Through a case control study design, 283 psychiatric outpatients attending in two public hospitals in Durango City, Mexico were studied. Of the 283 patients, 156 have had suicide attempts and 127 have not had suicide attempts. Eating habits were obtained from all outpatients and compared in patients with history of suicide attempts and patients without such history. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed differences in eating habits between psychiatric outpatients with and without history of suicide attempts. A history of suicide attempts was positively associated with consumption of pork (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.17 - 4.71;P = 0.01), mutton (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.25 - 4.52;P = 0.008), chorizo (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.19;P = 0.03), unwashed raw vegetables (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.26 - 8.32;P = 0.01), and untreated water (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03 - 3.02;P = 0.03), and negatively associated with consumption of goat meat (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.90;P = 0.02), and turkey meat (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23 - 0.73;P = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the first report on the association of eating habits with suicide attempts in psychiatric outpatients. Results suggest that suicide attempts are associated not only with the type of meat consumed but also with poor food hygiene in psychiatric outpatients. Further studies to confirm or challenge such results are needed.展开更多
This study aimed to clarify the difference between the not qualified teams and the qualified teams to 2nd stage in the Pass Appearance Time and passes attempted at all group stage games of World Cup 2014 and compared ...This study aimed to clarify the difference between the not qualified teams and the qualified teams to 2nd stage in the Pass Appearance Time and passes attempted at all group stage games of World Cup 2014 and compared with World cup 2010. Results indicated changes in passing in modem football tactics. Actual playing time is represented as Net Playtime in this study. Pass Appearance Time is calculated by Net Playtime divided by passes Attempted. Pass Appearance Time of each team for the all Group stage games was calculated and compared with World cup 2010. No difference was revealed in the 2014 data between teams that did and did not qualify, though the 2010 data revealed differences. World cup 2010 data suggested that increasing passes attempts and lessening Pass Appearance Time were effective in qualifying for the 2rid stage. World cup 2014 data, however, suggested that diversity of tactics was important.展开更多
Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and...Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the展开更多
In 1984, under the guideline laid down by the Communist Party of China, "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must be geared to serve economic construction", ...In 1984, under the guideline laid down by the Communist Party of China, "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must be geared to serve economic construction", the CAS began to encourage enthusiastically its scientific and technical personnel to run high-and new tech enterprises.At present,there are more than 500 S&T enterprises at the Academy,including five (group)corporations directly under the jurisdiction of the Academy, 21 co-operation enterprises,40 or so展开更多
Background: Confronted to the increasing suicide rate in children, clinicians have to better understand and predict suicide-related behaviours (SRBs) in children with and without depressive symptoms. Aims: To investig...Background: Confronted to the increasing suicide rate in children, clinicians have to better understand and predict suicide-related behaviours (SRBs) in children with and without depressive symptoms. Aims: To investigate associations among suicidal tendencies (thoughts and/or attempts), depression and children’s perceptions of subjective quality of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 157 children of 6 - 13-year-old. Results: Children who attempted or thought of suicide reported goodless subjective quality of life than nonsuicidal children did, and children who thought of or attempted suicide reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than nonsuicidal children. Limitations: A more rigorous approach to investigating suicidal ideation and depressive symptomatology as a diagnostic interview based on the DSM-IV-TR will be valuable to future progress in understanding children’s suicidality. Conclusions: Results may reflect the confirmation of depressive symptoms as risk factors for suicidality and underline the high importance of social and emotional life context among suicidal children. For this reason, more effective recognition and comprehension of the underlying affective and social conditions of children with suicidality have special importance to prevent future suicidal behaviour during adolescence.展开更多
Objective: This study aims is to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of individuals referred to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) at a tertiary general hospital, specifical...Objective: This study aims is to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of individuals referred to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) at a tertiary general hospital, specifically focusing on those seeking assistance due to suicide attempts (TS) versus CLP requests for other reasons (non-TS) between the years 2010 and 2020. Additionally, we aim to assess factors associated with suicide attempts. Method: This retrospective controlled study involves a thorough examination of medical records encompassing 3913 patients who received CLP services at the Hospital de Base (HB) and the Children and Maternity Hospital (HCM) of São José do Rio Preto Medical School Foundation (Funfarme) from June 2010 to June 2020. The patient cohort is categorized into two groups: those with requests for SA (n = 677) and those with requests for other reasons. Results: In the SA group, as opposed to the non SA group, statistically significant differences were observed for gender (predominantly female), employment status (employed), marital status (single), and age (younger). Notably, a higher prevalence of psychiatric antecedents (88.7%, n = 555 vs. 73.6% n = 2018) was found in the SA group, indicating a significant association. The frequency of SA requests remained stable over the years. Among the SA group, mood disorders were the most prevalent (39%, n = 372), followed by disorders related to substance use (21.2%, n = 202), and personality disorders (16%, n = 152). A history of previous suicide attempts emerged as a crucial factor for the recurrence of SA (p-value ≤ 0.001). Exogenous intoxication emerged as the most frequently employed method in attempts (79.6%, n = 539), particularly prevalent among patients diagnosed with mood disorders (41%, n = 314). A significant association was observed between the method of attempt and the nosological psychiatric diagnosis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 42.277;p ≤ 0.001). Regarding outcomes, the majority of patients were referred for outpatient follow-up (23%, n = 336) in specialized mental health services or at the Primary Healthcare Unit, highlighting the general hospital’s pivotal role in integrating patients into the broader healthcare network. Conclusion: Variables such as gender (female), age group (young adults), and psychiatric history exhibited stronger associations with suicide attempts compared to the group assisted by CLP for other reasons. Furthermore, a noteworthy correlation between the method employed and the psychiatric diagnosis was identified.展开更多
Background Researches on the mental health of Korean adolescents during COVID-19 have largely focused on those from monocultural families,but there is limited data on sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts in ...Background Researches on the mental health of Korean adolescents during COVID-19 have largely focused on those from monocultural families,but there is limited data on sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts in multicultural adolescents.Methods This nationwide serial cross-sectional study included 688,708 adolescents aged 12–18 years who participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2011 to 2022.We compared and analyzed the prevalence of sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts among multicultural and monocultural adolescents.Multicultural adolescents were defined as those with at least one non-Korean parent.Results In 2021,the prevalence of sadness among multicultural adolescents was 31.86%[95%confidence interval(CI)30.00–33.71],suicidal ideation 17.17%(15.74–18.61),and suicide attempts 4.25%(3.51–4.99).Among monocultural adolescents,the prevalence rates were 26.09%(25.50–26.69)for sadness,12.41%(11.97–12.85)for suicidal ideation,and 1.92%(1.76–2.67)for suicide attempts.Adolescents from multicultural backgrounds were found to have higher rates of sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts.In the general population,these rates had decreased during the pre-pandemic period but increased after the onset of the pandemic then stabilized from 2020 to 2021.Female gender,smoking,alcohol use,and low school performance emerged as significant risk factors.However,no distinct risk factors specifically linked to suicide attempts were identified.Joinpoint regression analysis results aligned with the beta slope values in the main findings,reflecting a consistent pattern across both analyses.Conclusions This study revealed that sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts increased during the pandemic,reversing a pre-pandemic decline.Multicultural adolescents faced these issues more than monocultural ones,underlining the need for targeted public health measures to support at-risk adolescents during pandemics.展开更多
Background:Cannulation of the common bile duct(CBD)is the initial and sometime challenging step in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)procedure.Endoscopists often use cannulation attempts and cannulat...Background:Cannulation of the common bile duct(CBD)is the initial and sometime challenging step in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)procedure.Endoscopists often use cannulation attempts and cannulation time to grade cannulation difficulty,but a standard system has yet to be established.The objective of this study was to compare cannulation times with numbers of cannulation attempts,as measures of cannulation difficulty.Methods:We conducted a prospective study in a tertiary referral center,enrolling 58 patients who were undergoing ERCP for a variety of indications.Cannulation time and the number of cannulation attempts were recorded for each patient.A subset of 14 ERCPs had two observers assessing attempts at cannulation.Cannulation time,number of attempts and inter-observer variability in assessment of attempts were compared and studied.Results:The degree of agreement between two the methods(cannulation times and number of cannulation attempts)was unacceptable.There were considerable discrepancies between attempt tallies from two observers but the mean difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusion:The grade of cannulation difficulty for a given ERCP procedure may differ when different methods are used(total cannulation time vs number of attempts);thus,grading by different methods should not be used interchangeably.Cannulation time is a more objective and more accurate assessment tool for grading cannulation difficulty than the number of attempts to cannulate the papilla.展开更多
Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,l...Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.展开更多
Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly ...Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury.BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury.BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates of attempted speech into text1-3.However,text communication fails to capture the nuances of human speech,such as prosody and immediately hearing one's own voice.展开更多
Writing is one of the required abilities in learning a foreign language and it is the most difficult to master as well. Though nearly all the students have learned English for at least six years, when it comes to writ...Writing is one of the required abilities in learning a foreign language and it is the most difficult to master as well. Though nearly all the students have learned English for at least six years, when it comes to writing, they are incompetent for it and mistakes appear in their writing time and again. This article means to analyze the reasons of mistakes and attempts to offer some possible means to correct them. Thus students’ writing can be improved.展开更多
AIM: To study the cannulation and complication rates of early pre-cut sphincterotomy vs persistent attempts at cannulation by standard approach.METHODS: Systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Coc...AIM: To study the cannulation and complication rates of early pre-cut sphincterotomy vs persistent attempts at cannulation by standard approach.METHODS: Systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up to February 2013. The main outcome measurements were cannulation rates and postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) complications. A comprehensive systematic search of the Cochrane library, PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, National Institutes of Health, meta-register of controlled trials and published proceedings from major Gastroenterology journals and meetings until February 2013 was conducted using keywords. All Prospective randomized controlled trials(RCT) studies whichmet our inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Prospective non-randomized studies and retrospective studies were excluded from our meta-analysis. The main outcomes of interest were post-ERCP pancreatitis, overall complication rates including cholangitis, ERCPrelated bleeding, perforation and cannulation success rates. RESULTS: Seven RCTs with a total of 1039 patients were included in the meta-analysis based on selection criteria. The overall cannulation rate was 90% in the pre-cut sphincterotomy vs 86.3% in the persistent attempts group(OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 0.70-5.65). The risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) was not different between the two groups(3.9% in the pre-cut sphincterotomy vs 6.1% in the persistent attempts group, OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.32-1.05). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for overall complication rate including PEP, cholangitis, bleeding, and perforation(6.2% vs 6.9%, OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.51-1.41). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that precut sphincterotomy and persistent attempts at cannulation are comparable in terms of overall complication rates. Early pre-cut implementation does not increase PEP complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous studies found several factors associated with suicide in schizophrenic patients,such as age,sex,education level,history of suicide attempts,psychotic symptoms,social factors,and substance abuse.How...BACKGROUND Previous studies found several factors associated with suicide in schizophrenic patients,such as age,sex,education level,history of suicide attempts,psychotic symptoms,social factors,and substance abuse.However,there might be some additional factors that were not considered in previous studies but may be correlated with a greater likelihood of suicide attempts,such as medication and treatment.AIM To investigate the prevalence of suicide attempts and identify the risk of suicidality in hospitalized schizophrenia patients.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of schizophrenic patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital who were 18 years of age or more.The outcomes and possible suicide risk factors in these patients were collated.The current suicide risk was evaluated using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview module for suicidality and categorized as none(0 points),mild(1-8 points),moderate(9-16 points),or severe(17 or more points).This study used ordinal logistic regression to assess the association of potential risk factors with the current suicide risk in schizophrenic patients.RESULTS Of 228 hospitalized schizophrenia patients,214(93.9%)were included in this study.The majority(79.0%)of patients were males.Females appeared to have a slightly higher suicidality risk than males,with borderline significance.With regard to the current suicide risk assessed with the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview,172(80.4%)schizophrenic patients scored zero,20(9.4%)had a mild risk,8(3.7%)had a moderate risk,and 14(6.5%)had a severe risk.The total prevalence of current suicide risk in these schizophrenic patients was 19.6%.Based on multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis with backward elimination,it was found that younger age,a current major depressive episode,receiving fluoxetine or lithium carbonate in the previous month,or a relatively higher Charlson comorbidity index score were all significantly and independently associated with a higher level of suicide risk.CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of suicide attempts in schizophrenia is high.Considering risk factors in routine clinical assessments,environmental manipulations and adequate treatment might prevent or decrease suicide in these patients.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871081 and No.62201265the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.NJ2024029-14the Talent Support Programs of Wuxi Health Commission,No.BJ2023085,No.FZXK2021012,and No.M202358.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression,non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and suicide attempts(SA)often co-occur during adolescence and are associated with long-term adverse health outcomes.Unfortunately,neural mechanisms underlying self-injury and SA are poorly understood in depressed adolescents but likely relate to the structural abnormalities in brain regions.AIM To investigate structural network communication within large-scale brain networks in adolescents with depression.METHODS We constructed five distinct network communication models to evaluate structural network efficiency at the whole-brain level in adolescents with depression.Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 healthy controls and 85 depressed adolescents,including 17 depressed adolescents without SA or NSSI(major depressive disorder group),27 depressed adolescents with NSSI but no SA(NSSI group),and 41 depressed adolescents with SA and NSSI(NSSI+SA group).RESULTS Significant differences in structural network communication were observed across the four groups,involving spatially widespread brain regions,particularly encompassing cortico-cortical connections(e.g.,dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus and the right ventral posterior cingulate gyrus;connections based on precentral gyrus)and cortico-subcortical circuits(e.g.,the nucleus accumbens-frontal circuit).In addition,we examined whether compromised communication efficiency was linked to clinical symptoms in the depressed adolescents.We observed significant correlations between network communication efficiencies and clinical scale scores derived from depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of structural network communication differences in depressed adolescents with NSSI and SA,highlighting impaired neuroanatomical communication efficiency as a potential contributor to their symptoms.These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of NSSI and SA in adolescent depression.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Municiple Health Commission(2023 C-TS26)the Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration,Nanjing Medical University(KF202202)+1 种基金the Plan on Enhancing Scientific Research in Guangzhou Medical University(02-410-230221XM,GMUCR2024-02025)the Project of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2023A03J0835).
文摘Dear Editor,Major depressive disorder(MDD)is associated with a high rate of suicide attempts(SA).Previous reports have identified risk factors for SA in MDD patients,including sex and metabolic disorders[1].However,to our knowledge,the impact of sex differences on the association between body mass index(BMI)status and SA in patients with MDD has not been investigated.Th is study aimed to investigate:1)the sex diff erence in the prevalence of recent SA in Chinese drug-naïve fi rst-episode(DNFE)MDD patients,and 2)the eff ect of sex diff erence on the relationship between higher BMI(overweight or obese)and recent SA.Patients were recruited from the First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017.All patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described in previous studies[2].
基金partially supported by the Colorado Injury Control Research Center Grant Number 5R49CE001168 from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionthe USA-China Agricultural Injury Research Training Project Grant Number 5DW43TW007257 from the National Institutes of Health,Fogarty International Center
文摘A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide（OP）exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale（BIS）and the Aggression Inventory（AI）.
文摘Background: The association of eating habits and suicide attempts has been insufficiently studied. Aim: This study aimed to determine the eating habits associated with suicide attempts in a sample of psychiatric outpatients. Methods: Through a case control study design, 283 psychiatric outpatients attending in two public hospitals in Durango City, Mexico were studied. Of the 283 patients, 156 have had suicide attempts and 127 have not had suicide attempts. Eating habits were obtained from all outpatients and compared in patients with history of suicide attempts and patients without such history. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed differences in eating habits between psychiatric outpatients with and without history of suicide attempts. A history of suicide attempts was positively associated with consumption of pork (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.17 - 4.71;P = 0.01), mutton (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.25 - 4.52;P = 0.008), chorizo (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.19;P = 0.03), unwashed raw vegetables (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.26 - 8.32;P = 0.01), and untreated water (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.03 - 3.02;P = 0.03), and negatively associated with consumption of goat meat (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.90;P = 0.02), and turkey meat (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23 - 0.73;P = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the first report on the association of eating habits with suicide attempts in psychiatric outpatients. Results suggest that suicide attempts are associated not only with the type of meat consumed but also with poor food hygiene in psychiatric outpatients. Further studies to confirm or challenge such results are needed.
文摘This study aimed to clarify the difference between the not qualified teams and the qualified teams to 2nd stage in the Pass Appearance Time and passes attempted at all group stage games of World Cup 2014 and compared with World cup 2010. Results indicated changes in passing in modem football tactics. Actual playing time is represented as Net Playtime in this study. Pass Appearance Time is calculated by Net Playtime divided by passes Attempted. Pass Appearance Time of each team for the all Group stage games was calculated and compared with World cup 2010. No difference was revealed in the 2014 data between teams that did and did not qualify, though the 2010 data revealed differences. World cup 2010 data suggested that increasing passes attempts and lessening Pass Appearance Time were effective in qualifying for the 2rid stage. World cup 2014 data, however, suggested that diversity of tactics was important.
文摘Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the
文摘In 1984, under the guideline laid down by the Communist Party of China, "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must be geared to serve economic construction", the CAS began to encourage enthusiastically its scientific and technical personnel to run high-and new tech enterprises.At present,there are more than 500 S&T enterprises at the Academy,including five (group)corporations directly under the jurisdiction of the Academy, 21 co-operation enterprises,40 or so
文摘Background: Confronted to the increasing suicide rate in children, clinicians have to better understand and predict suicide-related behaviours (SRBs) in children with and without depressive symptoms. Aims: To investigate associations among suicidal tendencies (thoughts and/or attempts), depression and children’s perceptions of subjective quality of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 157 children of 6 - 13-year-old. Results: Children who attempted or thought of suicide reported goodless subjective quality of life than nonsuicidal children did, and children who thought of or attempted suicide reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than nonsuicidal children. Limitations: A more rigorous approach to investigating suicidal ideation and depressive symptomatology as a diagnostic interview based on the DSM-IV-TR will be valuable to future progress in understanding children’s suicidality. Conclusions: Results may reflect the confirmation of depressive symptoms as risk factors for suicidality and underline the high importance of social and emotional life context among suicidal children. For this reason, more effective recognition and comprehension of the underlying affective and social conditions of children with suicidality have special importance to prevent future suicidal behaviour during adolescence.
文摘Objective: This study aims is to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of individuals referred to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) at a tertiary general hospital, specifically focusing on those seeking assistance due to suicide attempts (TS) versus CLP requests for other reasons (non-TS) between the years 2010 and 2020. Additionally, we aim to assess factors associated with suicide attempts. Method: This retrospective controlled study involves a thorough examination of medical records encompassing 3913 patients who received CLP services at the Hospital de Base (HB) and the Children and Maternity Hospital (HCM) of São José do Rio Preto Medical School Foundation (Funfarme) from June 2010 to June 2020. The patient cohort is categorized into two groups: those with requests for SA (n = 677) and those with requests for other reasons. Results: In the SA group, as opposed to the non SA group, statistically significant differences were observed for gender (predominantly female), employment status (employed), marital status (single), and age (younger). Notably, a higher prevalence of psychiatric antecedents (88.7%, n = 555 vs. 73.6% n = 2018) was found in the SA group, indicating a significant association. The frequency of SA requests remained stable over the years. Among the SA group, mood disorders were the most prevalent (39%, n = 372), followed by disorders related to substance use (21.2%, n = 202), and personality disorders (16%, n = 152). A history of previous suicide attempts emerged as a crucial factor for the recurrence of SA (p-value ≤ 0.001). Exogenous intoxication emerged as the most frequently employed method in attempts (79.6%, n = 539), particularly prevalent among patients diagnosed with mood disorders (41%, n = 314). A significant association was observed between the method of attempt and the nosological psychiatric diagnosis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 42.277;p ≤ 0.001). Regarding outcomes, the majority of patients were referred for outpatient follow-up (23%, n = 336) in specialized mental health services or at the Primary Healthcare Unit, highlighting the general hospital’s pivotal role in integrating patients into the broader healthcare network. Conclusion: Variables such as gender (female), age group (young adults), and psychiatric history exhibited stronger associations with suicide attempts compared to the group assisted by CLP for other reasons. Furthermore, a noteworthy correlation between the method employed and the psychiatric diagnosis was identified.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT,RS-2023-00248157)the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239)supervised by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation).
文摘Background Researches on the mental health of Korean adolescents during COVID-19 have largely focused on those from monocultural families,but there is limited data on sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts in multicultural adolescents.Methods This nationwide serial cross-sectional study included 688,708 adolescents aged 12–18 years who participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2011 to 2022.We compared and analyzed the prevalence of sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts among multicultural and monocultural adolescents.Multicultural adolescents were defined as those with at least one non-Korean parent.Results In 2021,the prevalence of sadness among multicultural adolescents was 31.86%[95%confidence interval(CI)30.00–33.71],suicidal ideation 17.17%(15.74–18.61),and suicide attempts 4.25%(3.51–4.99).Among monocultural adolescents,the prevalence rates were 26.09%(25.50–26.69)for sadness,12.41%(11.97–12.85)for suicidal ideation,and 1.92%(1.76–2.67)for suicide attempts.Adolescents from multicultural backgrounds were found to have higher rates of sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts.In the general population,these rates had decreased during the pre-pandemic period but increased after the onset of the pandemic then stabilized from 2020 to 2021.Female gender,smoking,alcohol use,and low school performance emerged as significant risk factors.However,no distinct risk factors specifically linked to suicide attempts were identified.Joinpoint regression analysis results aligned with the beta slope values in the main findings,reflecting a consistent pattern across both analyses.Conclusions This study revealed that sadness,suicidal ideation,and suicide attempts increased during the pandemic,reversing a pre-pandemic decline.Multicultural adolescents faced these issues more than monocultural ones,underlining the need for targeted public health measures to support at-risk adolescents during pandemics.
文摘Background:Cannulation of the common bile duct(CBD)is the initial and sometime challenging step in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)procedure.Endoscopists often use cannulation attempts and cannulation time to grade cannulation difficulty,but a standard system has yet to be established.The objective of this study was to compare cannulation times with numbers of cannulation attempts,as measures of cannulation difficulty.Methods:We conducted a prospective study in a tertiary referral center,enrolling 58 patients who were undergoing ERCP for a variety of indications.Cannulation time and the number of cannulation attempts were recorded for each patient.A subset of 14 ERCPs had two observers assessing attempts at cannulation.Cannulation time,number of attempts and inter-observer variability in assessment of attempts were compared and studied.Results:The degree of agreement between two the methods(cannulation times and number of cannulation attempts)was unacceptable.There were considerable discrepancies between attempt tallies from two observers but the mean difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusion:The grade of cannulation difficulty for a given ERCP procedure may differ when different methods are used(total cannulation time vs number of attempts);thus,grading by different methods should not be used interchangeably.Cannulation time is a more objective and more accurate assessment tool for grading cannulation difficulty than the number of attempts to cannulate the papilla.
文摘Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.
基金the Global WACh Rising Star Seed Award by the Department of Global Health,University of Washington,Seattle,USA(Grant No:UW/GWACh/RSA/2023-01)。
文摘Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)have the potential to restore communication for people who have lost the ability to speak owing to a neurological disease or injury.BCIs have been used to translate the neural correlates of attempted speech into text1-3.However,text communication fails to capture the nuances of human speech,such as prosody and immediately hearing one's own voice.
文摘Writing is one of the required abilities in learning a foreign language and it is the most difficult to master as well. Though nearly all the students have learned English for at least six years, when it comes to writing, they are incompetent for it and mistakes appear in their writing time and again. This article means to analyze the reasons of mistakes and attempts to offer some possible means to correct them. Thus students’ writing can be improved.
文摘AIM: To study the cannulation and complication rates of early pre-cut sphincterotomy vs persistent attempts at cannulation by standard approach.METHODS: Systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up to February 2013. The main outcome measurements were cannulation rates and postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) complications. A comprehensive systematic search of the Cochrane library, PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, National Institutes of Health, meta-register of controlled trials and published proceedings from major Gastroenterology journals and meetings until February 2013 was conducted using keywords. All Prospective randomized controlled trials(RCT) studies whichmet our inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Prospective non-randomized studies and retrospective studies were excluded from our meta-analysis. The main outcomes of interest were post-ERCP pancreatitis, overall complication rates including cholangitis, ERCPrelated bleeding, perforation and cannulation success rates. RESULTS: Seven RCTs with a total of 1039 patients were included in the meta-analysis based on selection criteria. The overall cannulation rate was 90% in the pre-cut sphincterotomy vs 86.3% in the persistent attempts group(OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 0.70-5.65). The risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP) was not different between the two groups(3.9% in the pre-cut sphincterotomy vs 6.1% in the persistent attempts group, OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.32-1.05). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for overall complication rate including PEP, cholangitis, bleeding, and perforation(6.2% vs 6.9%, OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.51-1.41). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that precut sphincterotomy and persistent attempts at cannulation are comparable in terms of overall complication rates. Early pre-cut implementation does not increase PEP complications.
基金Supported by the Faculty of Medicine,Chiang Mai University,No.046/2557Chiang Mai University,No.04/2562
文摘BACKGROUND Previous studies found several factors associated with suicide in schizophrenic patients,such as age,sex,education level,history of suicide attempts,psychotic symptoms,social factors,and substance abuse.However,there might be some additional factors that were not considered in previous studies but may be correlated with a greater likelihood of suicide attempts,such as medication and treatment.AIM To investigate the prevalence of suicide attempts and identify the risk of suicidality in hospitalized schizophrenia patients.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of schizophrenic patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital who were 18 years of age or more.The outcomes and possible suicide risk factors in these patients were collated.The current suicide risk was evaluated using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview module for suicidality and categorized as none(0 points),mild(1-8 points),moderate(9-16 points),or severe(17 or more points).This study used ordinal logistic regression to assess the association of potential risk factors with the current suicide risk in schizophrenic patients.RESULTS Of 228 hospitalized schizophrenia patients,214(93.9%)were included in this study.The majority(79.0%)of patients were males.Females appeared to have a slightly higher suicidality risk than males,with borderline significance.With regard to the current suicide risk assessed with the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview,172(80.4%)schizophrenic patients scored zero,20(9.4%)had a mild risk,8(3.7%)had a moderate risk,and 14(6.5%)had a severe risk.The total prevalence of current suicide risk in these schizophrenic patients was 19.6%.Based on multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis with backward elimination,it was found that younger age,a current major depressive episode,receiving fluoxetine or lithium carbonate in the previous month,or a relatively higher Charlson comorbidity index score were all significantly and independently associated with a higher level of suicide risk.CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of suicide attempts in schizophrenia is high.Considering risk factors in routine clinical assessments,environmental manipulations and adequate treatment might prevent or decrease suicide in these patients.
