Background:In a previous study,we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix(AM-PR)was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation(FC).However,the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility ...Background:In a previous study,we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix(AM-PR)was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation(FC).However,the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility between AM and PR in the treatment of FC remains uncertain.This study aims to analyze the pharmacokinetic differences in the active ingredients in the blood of rat models with FC when applied individually and in combination with AM-PR.It also seeks to compare the changes in the content of the active ingredient when applied individually and in combination with in vitro AM-PR,further in-depth investigation into its material foundation in terms of pharmacokinetics,as well as the composition of the substance.Methods:Blood microdialysis samples were collected using microdialysis technology.These samples from rats with FC were compared after administration of AM,PR,and AM-PR.The concentration of the main active ingredients was determined using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tunable Ultraviolet(UPLC-TUV)method.The concentration of the main active ingredients of the decoction compatibility before and after combining AM-PR was also determined using the UPLC-TUV method.Results:Our findings reveal that upon combination,the time to maximum concentration(T_(max))of isochlorogenic acid A(ICA-A)and ataridolide Ⅱ(ATR-Ⅱ)T_(max)was prolonged,terminal elimination half-life(T_(1/2))was reduced,and maximum plasma concentrations(C_(max))increased.The T_(max)of ataridolide Ⅲ(ATR-Ⅲ)remained consistent,whereas its T_(1/2)and C_(max)were significantly reduced.Conversely,for peoniflorin(PAE),T_(max)occurred sooner,T_(1/2)was shortened,and C_(max)increased.The T_(max)for albiflorin(ALB)remained consistent,whereas T_(1/2)and C_(max)witnessed significant increases.The area under the moment curve(AUMC)(0-t)and AUMC(0-∞)of PAE,ALB,ICA-A,ATR-Ⅱ experienced an increase after AM-PR administration in rats,attributable to the heightened C_(max).In comparison to individual herb administration,the T_(max)of ALB was advanced in combination,the T_(max)of PAE remained unchanged,and the T_(max)of ICA-A and ART-Ⅱ was delayed,with an increased area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)(0-t),indicating enhanced C_(max)and bioavailability.Furthermore,the dissolution rates of PAE,ICA-A,and ATR-Ⅱ significantly improved after compatibility.Conclusions:This study partially clarifies the rationale and compatibility of AM-PR in treating FC and offers a new perspective on the pharmacokinetic interactions of AM-PR in FC treatment.展开更多
Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfuncti...Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction,cancer,osteoporosis,obesity and fetal irritability.We used the TCMSP database to search for the main active ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine targets of Atractylodes macrocephala.There are a total of 38 related articles,of which 27 are closely related to chemical composition and activity.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.lancea,aiming to provide reference for its further research and development.展开更多
First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provi...First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provide guidance for pro- moting sustainable development of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz industry in Pingjiang County, it put forward some control methods for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including breeding varieties with high resistance; applying rotation cropping and intercropping reasonable; rational fertilization and soil disinfection; introducing antagonistic bacterial and eliminating au- tointoxication.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of three precursors on the accumulation of principal volatile oil constituents in tissue culture plantlets of Atractylodes lancea （Thunb.） DC. with the aim to provide...[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of three precursors on the accumulation of principal volatile oil constituents in tissue culture plantlets of Atractylodes lancea （Thunb.） DC. with the aim to provide references for the improvement of artificial cultivated A. lancea quality. [Method] Three precursors were added into the MS rooting medium for A. lancea tissue culture plantlets and the volatile oil was extracted by ultrasonication after cultured for several days. The content of atractylon, atractylol, β-eucalyptol and atractydin in the volatile oil were determined by using gas chromatography method. [Result] The addition of xylose, isoprene and tetrahydrofuran impacted the growth indicators, yield of volatile oil and relative percentage content of the four constituents of A. lancea tissue culture plantlets. In the 6 g/L xylose optimized medium, the atractylon and β-eucalyptol content reached up to 4.23% and 56.34%, respectively, 1.41% and 1.66% higher than the control; although the addition of isoprene into medium raised the atractylon content, the accumulation of total volatile oil was inhibited that it decreased by 23.67%, 31.06% and 7.10% to the control; for the tetrahydrofuran optimized medium, the content of atractylon, atractylol and atractydin all increased, and the total volatile oil content increased by 49.97% to the control when the concentration of tetrahydrofuran was 0.07 g/L. [Conclusion] The addition of xylose and tetrahydrofuran promoted the accumulation of principal constituents of the volatile oil, whereas the addition of isoprene inhibited the accumulation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to protect wild resource of Atractylodes lances and to provide technical guidance for industrialization of Atractylodes lances. [Method] The test-tube seedlings were produced from seeds of Atra...[Objective] The aim was to protect wild resource of Atractylodes lances and to provide technical guidance for industrialization of Atractylodes lances. [Method] The test-tube seedlings were produced from seeds of Atractylodis Lances. At the same time, the effects of 6-BA, NAA and KT on the proliferation of aseptic seedling was studied through the orthogonal test. Effect of NAA concentration on the rooting of aseptic seedling was studied through nine types of light substrate groups, which consist of peat soil, fine sand and cotton seed hull, and their effects on Atractylodes lances growth were studied on with orthogonal design. [Result] The culture medium suitable for the proliferation of the Atractylodes lances tube seedling was MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.4 mg/L＋KT 0,4 mg/L. And the medium suitable for rooting was 1/2MS＋NAA 0.5 mg/L. The optimal ratio of soil, riversand and cotton seed hull was 3：3：2. [Conclusion] The research selected optimum culture medium, rooting medium and ratio of substrate, which provided technical guidance for laboratorial preservation of germplasm resource of Atractylodes lances and industrialization of its seedling production.展开更多
The rhizome of Atractylodes Iancen(A.lancea)(Thunb.) DC.(AL)is extensively used in Chinese,Thai,and Japanese traditional medicines as crude extracts/decoctions or a component in various herbal formulations.Various pha...The rhizome of Atractylodes Iancen(A.lancea)(Thunb.) DC.(AL)is extensively used in Chinese,Thai,and Japanese traditional medicines as crude extracts/decoctions or a component in various herbal formulations.Various pharmacological activities of Al.and its major constituents have been demonstrated in ritro.ex ciro.and in animal models.Results from the toxicity studies in animal models suggest safety profile of AL,and its active constituents.Despite extensive use with positive impression in many diseases,there has not been a clinical study that can conclusively support its efficacy and safely profile in human.This review comprehensively summarizes current information on the pharmacological activities of AL and their active constituents including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial and antipyretic activities,as well as activities on central nervous,cardiovascular,and gastrointestinal systems.展开更多
Astragalus membranaceus(Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of...Astragalus membranaceus(Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of polysaccharides extracts from these two herbs on IEC-6 cell migration and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. A migration model with IEC-6 cells was induced using a single-edged razor blade along the diameter of cell layers in six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control--media or media containing spermidine(5 μmol·L^(-1), SPD), alpha-difluoromethylornithine(2.5 mmol·L^(-1), DFMO), 4-Aminopyridine-(40 μ-mol·L^(-1), 4-AP), the polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM(50, 100, or 200 mg·L^(-1)), DFMO plus SPD, or DFMO plus polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM for 12 or 24 h. Next, cytosolic free Ca^(2+)([Ca^(2+)]cyt) was measured using laser confocal microscopy, and cellular polyamine content was quantified with HPLC. Kv1.1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT-qPCR and Kv1.1 and RhoA protein expressions were measured with Western blotting analysis. A cell migration assay was carried out using Image-Pro Plus software. In addition, GC-MS was introduced to analyze the monosaccharide composition of both polysaccharide extracts. The resutls showed that treatment with polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM significantly increased cellular polyamine content, elevated [Ca^(2+)]cyt and accelerated migration of IEC-6 cells, compared with the controls(P < 0.01). Polysaccharide extracts not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on cellular polyamine content and [Ca^(2+)]cyt, but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control level(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased(P < 0.05) after polysaccharide extract treatment in polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells and RhoA protein expression was increased. Molar ratios of D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose was 1.0:14.1:0.3:19.9:181.3:6.3 in RA and 1.0:4.3:0.1:5.7:2.8:2.2 in RAM. In conclusion, treatment with RA and RAM polysaccharide extracts stimulated migration of intestinal epithelial cells via a polyamine-Kv1.1 channel activated signaling pathway, which facilitated intestinal injury healing.展开更多
The present study was designed to explore the influence of water extracts of Atractylodes lancea rhizomes on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide(TP). A water extract was prepared from A. lancea rh...The present study was designed to explore the influence of water extracts of Atractylodes lancea rhizomes on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide(TP). A water extract was prepared from A. lancea rhizomes and co-administered with TP in C57BL/6 mice. The toxicity was assayed by determining serum biochemical parameters and visceral indexes and by liver histopathological analysis. The hepatic CYP3A expression levels were detected using Western blotting and RT-PCR methods. The data showed that the water extract of A. lancea rhizomes reduced triptolide-induced toxicity, probably by inducing the hepatic expression of CYP3A. The anti-inflammatory effects of TP were evaluated in mice using a xylene-induced ear edema test. By comparing ear edema inhibition rates, we found that the water extract could also increase the anti-inflammatory effects of TP. In conclusion, our results suggested that the water extract of A. lancea rhizomes, used in combination with TP, has a potential in reducing TP-induced toxicity and enhancing its anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam.(A.japonica,Chinese name:Guan-Cangzhu,Japanese name:Byaku-jutsu),a perennial herb,which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China,it’s often used to treat digest...BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam.(A.japonica,Chinese name:Guan-Cangzhu,Japanese name:Byaku-jutsu),a perennial herb,which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China,it’s often used to treat digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer(GU).However,the mechanism of its potential protective effects against GU remains unclear.AIM To investigate the protective effects of A.japonica on acetic acid-induced GU rats.METHODS The chemical constituents of A.japonica were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis.The rat model of GU was simulated by acetic acid method.The pathological changes of gastric tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain,the levels of epidermal growth factor(EGF),EGF receptor(EGFR),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-10,Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase(NKA)in serum and gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the mRNA expressions of EGFR,NF-κBp65,IkappaBalpha(IκBα)and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)in gastric tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and the efficacy was observed.Then,plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to screen the specific potential biomarkers,metabolic pathways and to explore the possible mechani-sms.RESULTS 48 chemical constituents were identified.Many of them have strong pharmacological activity,the results also revealed that A.japonica significantly improved the pathological damage of gastric tissues,increased the expression levels of IL-10,IκBαrelated to anti-inflammatory factors,decreased the expression levels of IL-1β,NF-κB,NF-κBp65,related to proinflammatory factors,restored the levels of factors about EGF,EGFR,ZO-1 associated with ulcer healing and the levels of factors about NKA associated with energy metabolism.Metabolomic analysis identified 10 potential differential metabolites and enriched 7 related metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential mechanism of A.japonica to improve acetic acidinduced GU,and will be of great importance for the development and clinical application of natural drugs related to A.japonica.展开更多
A new polyacetylene glycoside,（1,3Z,11E）-tridecatriene-7,9-diyne-5-hydroxyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,was isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea（Thunb.） DC.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of sp...A new polyacetylene glycoside,（1,3Z,11E）-tridecatriene-7,9-diyne-5-hydroxyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,was isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea（Thunb.） DC.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.展开更多
Two new sesquiterpenes: beishulenolide A 1 and peroxiatractylenolide III 2 wereisolated from Atraclylodes macrocephala Koids (compositae).Their structures were elucidated onthe basis of spectral evidence, especially 2...Two new sesquiterpenes: beishulenolide A 1 and peroxiatractylenolide III 2 wereisolated from Atraclylodes macrocephala Koids (compositae).Their structures were elucidated onthe basis of spectral evidence, especially 2D-NMR methods and chemical conversion.展开更多
Three eudesmanolide sesquiterpene-phenol hybrids,atramacronoids A-C(1-3),featuring an unusual6/6/5/5/6 skeleton furnished by forming an unexpected C-8-C-16 linkage,were obtained from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macro...Three eudesmanolide sesquiterpene-phenol hybrids,atramacronoids A-C(1-3),featuring an unusual6/6/5/5/6 skeleton furnished by forming an unexpected C-8-C-16 linkage,were obtained from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis,chemical calculations,combined with X-ray diffractions.The plausible biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-3 are proposed.Surprisingly,compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells by inducing cells apoptosis,which might relate to the promotion of synthesis of neutrophil elastase.展开更多
The study examined the inhibitory effect of Atractylodes macrocephala （AM） on the uterine contraction during premature delivery and explored its electrophysiological mechanism by studying the effects of AM on the C...The study examined the inhibitory effect of Atractylodes macrocephala （AM） on the uterine contraction during premature delivery and explored its electrophysiological mechanism by studying the effects of AM on the Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells with or without the treatment with intedeukin-6. Single cells were acutely isolated from pregnant human myometrial smooth muscles. Whole-cell Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents were recorded by using an Axopatchl-D amplifier. The cells were divided into three groups： group A in which AM was added into perfusate, group B, in which interleukin-6 was added into perfusate） and group C in which AM was added into perfusate after addition of interleukin-6. IL-6 10 ng/mL inhibited BKca by 36.9%±13.7% as compared with control （P〈0.01）. AM at 2 mg/mL raised BKca by 36.7%±22.6% or 45.2%±13.7% with or without the treatment of IL-6, respectively （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that AM was able to enhance the BKca of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells treated or untreated with interleukin-6 and its effect on the BKca IL-treated cells was stronger that its effect on BKca of untreated cells. Our results suggested that AM can help to maintain the membrane potentials and the resting status of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA), the adenocarcinoma of the biliary duct, is commonly reported in Asia with the highest incidence in northeastern Thailand. Chemotherapy of this type of cancer is limited due to the lack of effe...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA), the adenocarcinoma of the biliary duct, is commonly reported in Asia with the highest incidence in northeastern Thailand. Chemotherapy of this type of cancer is limited due to the lack of effective chemotherapeutic drugs. A series of previous studies support further research and development of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb) DC.(AL) as a potential candidate for the treatment of CCA as a crude ethanolic extract. In the present study, we aimed to develop an oral pharmaceutical formulation(capsule) of the standardized AL crude ethanolic extract for further clinical development in patients with CCA. Major steps included macroscopic and microscopic authentication of the AL rhizomes, preparation of standardized AL extract, preparation of oral pharmaceutical formulation(capsule) of the standardized AL extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the marker compound(atractylodin) in the formulated AL extract, evaluation of contaminations of heavy metals, pesticides residues, and microorganisms in the ground AL rhizomes and the formulated(capsule) powder of AL, physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the formulated AL extract/capsule, and cytotoxicity evaluation of the formulated AL extract. Results of all evaluations confirmed satisfactory pharmaceutical properties of oral(capsule) formulation of the standardized AL extract.展开更多
Four new glycosides including a eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid（1）, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid（2）, and two C_（14）-polyacetylenes（3, 4） were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. Their structure...Four new glycosides including a eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid（1）, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid（2）, and two C_（14）-polyacetylenes（3, 4） were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses（UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS）. The absolute configurations of their aglycones were established based on the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism（ECD）, whereas those of monosaccharide moieties were determined by the GC method after chiral derivatization. Compound 4 showed weak anti-inflammatory effects on the LPS-induced NO production in microglia BV2 cells at a concentration of10μmmolL^（-1）.展开更多
[Objectives] To investigate the infrared identification of ZhuQin Formula and Atractylodes polysaccharides and its effect on immune function in immunocompromised mice. [Methods] In this experiment,the structure of pol...[Objectives] To investigate the infrared identification of ZhuQin Formula and Atractylodes polysaccharides and its effect on immune function in immunocompromised mice. [Methods] In this experiment,the structure of polysaccharides was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experiment was divided into the polysaccharide groups of high,medium and low dose of ZhuQin,the extraction group of ZhuQin,the polysaccharide group of Atractylodes,the positive drug group,the blank group and the model group. The model of immunosuppressed mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. The carbon clearance index,immune organ index,serum hemolysin,spleen T and B lymphocyte transformation rate were determined. [Results]The results show that the polysaccharides have obvious absorption peaks of polysaccharides; Formula extracts and polysaccharides can enhance the immune function of immunosuppressive mice at a certain dose level,and the effect of formula polysaccharide is better than that of extract and single traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides. [Conclusions] The results suggest that the polysaccharides of ZhuQin Formula and Atractylodes may be acidic polysaccharides containing pyran ring and furan ring. ZhuQin Formula polysaccharide may play an immunomodulatory role mainly by improving the specific immunity of the organism.展开更多
Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.(AL)has been proven to be effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19).In this study,TCMSP,TCMID,OMIM,GeneCards,PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction were used to colle...Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.(AL)has been proven to be effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19).In this study,TCMSP,TCMID,OMIM,GeneCards,PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction were used to collect potential targets for AL against COVID-19.The online STRING analysis platform and Cytoscape were used for generating a(protein-protein interaction)PPI network.The Cytoscape and Autodock software were used for determining hub genes and key compounds.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed via DAVID database.A total of 84 common targets were obtained.The antiviral pathways were main pathways in traetment.10 hub genes and key compounds were screened by CytoHubba.We found that AL2,AL6 and AL38 had lower binding energy with key proteins.Our study demonstrated that AL might be used to treat COVID-19 by improving the"cytokine storm",regulating some antiviral pathways,and inhibiting the key protein through which the SARS-CoV-2 invades the host cell.These findings give a pharmacological basis and support for treating COVID-19 with AL.展开更多
Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contain...Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:Y19H280022。
文摘Background:In a previous study,we found that Atractylodes macrocephala and Paeoniae radix(AM-PR)was useful for the alleviation of functional constipation(FC).However,the precise mechanism underlying the compatibility between AM and PR in the treatment of FC remains uncertain.This study aims to analyze the pharmacokinetic differences in the active ingredients in the blood of rat models with FC when applied individually and in combination with AM-PR.It also seeks to compare the changes in the content of the active ingredient when applied individually and in combination with in vitro AM-PR,further in-depth investigation into its material foundation in terms of pharmacokinetics,as well as the composition of the substance.Methods:Blood microdialysis samples were collected using microdialysis technology.These samples from rats with FC were compared after administration of AM,PR,and AM-PR.The concentration of the main active ingredients was determined using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tunable Ultraviolet(UPLC-TUV)method.The concentration of the main active ingredients of the decoction compatibility before and after combining AM-PR was also determined using the UPLC-TUV method.Results:Our findings reveal that upon combination,the time to maximum concentration(T_(max))of isochlorogenic acid A(ICA-A)and ataridolide Ⅱ(ATR-Ⅱ)T_(max)was prolonged,terminal elimination half-life(T_(1/2))was reduced,and maximum plasma concentrations(C_(max))increased.The T_(max)of ataridolide Ⅲ(ATR-Ⅲ)remained consistent,whereas its T_(1/2)and C_(max)were significantly reduced.Conversely,for peoniflorin(PAE),T_(max)occurred sooner,T_(1/2)was shortened,and C_(max)increased.The T_(max)for albiflorin(ALB)remained consistent,whereas T_(1/2)and C_(max)witnessed significant increases.The area under the moment curve(AUMC)(0-t)and AUMC(0-∞)of PAE,ALB,ICA-A,ATR-Ⅱ experienced an increase after AM-PR administration in rats,attributable to the heightened C_(max).In comparison to individual herb administration,the T_(max)of ALB was advanced in combination,the T_(max)of PAE remained unchanged,and the T_(max)of ICA-A and ART-Ⅱ was delayed,with an increased area under the concentration-time curve(AUC)(0-t),indicating enhanced C_(max)and bioavailability.Furthermore,the dissolution rates of PAE,ICA-A,and ATR-Ⅱ significantly improved after compatibility.Conclusions:This study partially clarifies the rationale and compatibility of AM-PR in treating FC and offers a new perspective on the pharmacokinetic interactions of AM-PR in FC treatment.
基金This work was financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction,cancer,osteoporosis,obesity and fetal irritability.We used the TCMSP database to search for the main active ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine targets of Atractylodes macrocephala.There are a total of 38 related articles,of which 27 are closely related to chemical composition and activity.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.lancea,aiming to provide reference for its further research and development.
文摘First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provide guidance for pro- moting sustainable development of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz industry in Pingjiang County, it put forward some control methods for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including breeding varieties with high resistance; applying rotation cropping and intercropping reasonable; rational fertilization and soil disinfection; introducing antagonistic bacterial and eliminating au- tointoxication.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31070443)the National Science Foundation of China for Talent Training in Basic Research(J1103507)+1 种基金The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Innovation Promotion Project of Nanjing Municipal Science and Technology Commissions(201105058)the Practice and Innovation Training Program for the Students of Nanjing Normal University~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of three precursors on the accumulation of principal volatile oil constituents in tissue culture plantlets of Atractylodes lancea （Thunb.） DC. with the aim to provide references for the improvement of artificial cultivated A. lancea quality. [Method] Three precursors were added into the MS rooting medium for A. lancea tissue culture plantlets and the volatile oil was extracted by ultrasonication after cultured for several days. The content of atractylon, atractylol, β-eucalyptol and atractydin in the volatile oil were determined by using gas chromatography method. [Result] The addition of xylose, isoprene and tetrahydrofuran impacted the growth indicators, yield of volatile oil and relative percentage content of the four constituents of A. lancea tissue culture plantlets. In the 6 g/L xylose optimized medium, the atractylon and β-eucalyptol content reached up to 4.23% and 56.34%, respectively, 1.41% and 1.66% higher than the control; although the addition of isoprene into medium raised the atractylon content, the accumulation of total volatile oil was inhibited that it decreased by 23.67%, 31.06% and 7.10% to the control; for the tetrahydrofuran optimized medium, the content of atractylon, atractylol and atractydin all increased, and the total volatile oil content increased by 49.97% to the control when the concentration of tetrahydrofuran was 0.07 g/L. [Conclusion] The addition of xylose and tetrahydrofuran promoted the accumulation of principal constituents of the volatile oil, whereas the addition of isoprene inhibited the accumulation.
基金Supported by Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scholars Program of Education Bureau of Hubei Province(Q20101707)Innovation Activity Project of College Student in Wuhan Polytechnic University~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to protect wild resource of Atractylodes lances and to provide technical guidance for industrialization of Atractylodes lances. [Method] The test-tube seedlings were produced from seeds of Atractylodis Lances. At the same time, the effects of 6-BA, NAA and KT on the proliferation of aseptic seedling was studied through the orthogonal test. Effect of NAA concentration on the rooting of aseptic seedling was studied through nine types of light substrate groups, which consist of peat soil, fine sand and cotton seed hull, and their effects on Atractylodes lances growth were studied on with orthogonal design. [Result] The culture medium suitable for the proliferation of the Atractylodes lances tube seedling was MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.4 mg/L＋KT 0,4 mg/L. And the medium suitable for rooting was 1/2MS＋NAA 0.5 mg/L. The optimal ratio of soil, riversand and cotton seed hull was 3：3：2. [Conclusion] The research selected optimum culture medium, rooting medium and ratio of substrate, which provided technical guidance for laboratorial preservation of germplasm resource of Atractylodes lances and industrialization of its seedling production.
文摘The rhizome of Atractylodes Iancen(A.lancea)(Thunb.) DC.(AL)is extensively used in Chinese,Thai,and Japanese traditional medicines as crude extracts/decoctions or a component in various herbal formulations.Various pharmacological activities of Al.and its major constituents have been demonstrated in ritro.ex ciro.and in animal models.Results from the toxicity studies in animal models suggest safety profile of AL,and its active constituents.Despite extensive use with positive impression in many diseases,there has not been a clinical study that can conclusively support its efficacy and safely profile in human.This review comprehensively summarizes current information on the pharmacological activities of AL and their active constituents including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial and antipyretic activities,as well as activities on central nervous,cardiovascular,and gastrointestinal systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30772753,81173254,and 81673940)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.20160701335)the First-class discipline construction major project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Planning,2018-No.6)
文摘Astragalus membranaceus(Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of polysaccharides extracts from these two herbs on IEC-6 cell migration and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. A migration model with IEC-6 cells was induced using a single-edged razor blade along the diameter of cell layers in six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control--media or media containing spermidine(5 μmol·L^(-1), SPD), alpha-difluoromethylornithine(2.5 mmol·L^(-1), DFMO), 4-Aminopyridine-(40 μ-mol·L^(-1), 4-AP), the polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM(50, 100, or 200 mg·L^(-1)), DFMO plus SPD, or DFMO plus polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM for 12 or 24 h. Next, cytosolic free Ca^(2+)([Ca^(2+)]cyt) was measured using laser confocal microscopy, and cellular polyamine content was quantified with HPLC. Kv1.1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT-qPCR and Kv1.1 and RhoA protein expressions were measured with Western blotting analysis. A cell migration assay was carried out using Image-Pro Plus software. In addition, GC-MS was introduced to analyze the monosaccharide composition of both polysaccharide extracts. The resutls showed that treatment with polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM significantly increased cellular polyamine content, elevated [Ca^(2+)]cyt and accelerated migration of IEC-6 cells, compared with the controls(P < 0.01). Polysaccharide extracts not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on cellular polyamine content and [Ca^(2+)]cyt, but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control level(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased(P < 0.05) after polysaccharide extract treatment in polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells and RhoA protein expression was increased. Molar ratios of D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose was 1.0:14.1:0.3:19.9:181.3:6.3 in RA and 1.0:4.3:0.1:5.7:2.8:2.2 in RAM. In conclusion, treatment with RA and RAM polysaccharide extracts stimulated migration of intestinal epithelial cells via a polyamine-Kv1.1 channel activated signaling pathway, which facilitated intestinal injury healing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81102522 and 81373480)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2011473)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu University
文摘The present study was designed to explore the influence of water extracts of Atractylodes lancea rhizomes on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of triptolide(TP). A water extract was prepared from A. lancea rhizomes and co-administered with TP in C57BL/6 mice. The toxicity was assayed by determining serum biochemical parameters and visceral indexes and by liver histopathological analysis. The hepatic CYP3A expression levels were detected using Western blotting and RT-PCR methods. The data showed that the water extract of A. lancea rhizomes reduced triptolide-induced toxicity, probably by inducing the hepatic expression of CYP3A. The anti-inflammatory effects of TP were evaluated in mice using a xylene-induced ear edema test. By comparing ear edema inhibition rates, we found that the water extract could also increase the anti-inflammatory effects of TP. In conclusion, our results suggested that the water extract of A. lancea rhizomes, used in combination with TP, has a potential in reducing TP-induced toxicity and enhancing its anti-inflammatory effects.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81973478Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,China,No.XLYC2002004Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China,No.2019-ZD-0443.
文摘BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam.(A.japonica,Chinese name:Guan-Cangzhu,Japanese name:Byaku-jutsu),a perennial herb,which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China,it’s often used to treat digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer(GU).However,the mechanism of its potential protective effects against GU remains unclear.AIM To investigate the protective effects of A.japonica on acetic acid-induced GU rats.METHODS The chemical constituents of A.japonica were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis.The rat model of GU was simulated by acetic acid method.The pathological changes of gastric tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain,the levels of epidermal growth factor(EGF),EGF receptor(EGFR),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-10,Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase(NKA)in serum and gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the mRNA expressions of EGFR,NF-κBp65,IkappaBalpha(IκBα)and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)in gastric tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and the efficacy was observed.Then,plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to screen the specific potential biomarkers,metabolic pathways and to explore the possible mechani-sms.RESULTS 48 chemical constituents were identified.Many of them have strong pharmacological activity,the results also revealed that A.japonica significantly improved the pathological damage of gastric tissues,increased the expression levels of IL-10,IκBαrelated to anti-inflammatory factors,decreased the expression levels of IL-1β,NF-κB,NF-κBp65,related to proinflammatory factors,restored the levels of factors about EGF,EGFR,ZO-1 associated with ulcer healing and the levels of factors about NKA associated with energy metabolism.Metabolomic analysis identified 10 potential differential metabolites and enriched 7 related metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential mechanism of A.japonica to improve acetic acidinduced GU,and will be of great importance for the development and clinical application of natural drugs related to A.japonica.
文摘A new polyacetylene glycoside,（1,3Z,11E）-tridecatriene-7,9-diyne-5-hydroxyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,was isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea（Thunb.） DC.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.
文摘Two new sesquiterpenes: beishulenolide A 1 and peroxiatractylenolide III 2 wereisolated from Atraclylodes macrocephala Koids (compositae).Their structures were elucidated onthe basis of spectral evidence, especially 2D-NMR methods and chemical conversion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073992)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,No.2021-I2M-1-071)。
文摘Three eudesmanolide sesquiterpene-phenol hybrids,atramacronoids A-C(1-3),featuring an unusual6/6/5/5/6 skeleton furnished by forming an unexpected C-8-C-16 linkage,were obtained from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis,chemical calculations,combined with X-ray diffractions.The plausible biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-3 are proposed.Surprisingly,compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells by inducing cells apoptosis,which might relate to the promotion of synthesis of neutrophil elastase.
文摘The study examined the inhibitory effect of Atractylodes macrocephala （AM） on the uterine contraction during premature delivery and explored its electrophysiological mechanism by studying the effects of AM on the Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells with or without the treatment with intedeukin-6. Single cells were acutely isolated from pregnant human myometrial smooth muscles. Whole-cell Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents were recorded by using an Axopatchl-D amplifier. The cells were divided into three groups： group A in which AM was added into perfusate, group B, in which interleukin-6 was added into perfusate） and group C in which AM was added into perfusate after addition of interleukin-6. IL-6 10 ng/mL inhibited BKca by 36.9%±13.7% as compared with control （P〈0.01）. AM at 2 mg/mL raised BKca by 36.7%±22.6% or 45.2%±13.7% with or without the treatment of IL-6, respectively （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that AM was able to enhance the BKca of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells treated or untreated with interleukin-6 and its effect on the BKca IL-treated cells was stronger that its effect on BKca of untreated cells. Our results suggested that AM can help to maintain the membrane potentials and the resting status of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells.
基金Financial support by National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria+1 种基金Cholangiocarcinoma and Chulabhorn International College of Medicine(CICM)Thammasat University,Thailand
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA), the adenocarcinoma of the biliary duct, is commonly reported in Asia with the highest incidence in northeastern Thailand. Chemotherapy of this type of cancer is limited due to the lack of effective chemotherapeutic drugs. A series of previous studies support further research and development of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb) DC.(AL) as a potential candidate for the treatment of CCA as a crude ethanolic extract. In the present study, we aimed to develop an oral pharmaceutical formulation(capsule) of the standardized AL crude ethanolic extract for further clinical development in patients with CCA. Major steps included macroscopic and microscopic authentication of the AL rhizomes, preparation of standardized AL extract, preparation of oral pharmaceutical formulation(capsule) of the standardized AL extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the marker compound(atractylodin) in the formulated AL extract, evaluation of contaminations of heavy metals, pesticides residues, and microorganisms in the ground AL rhizomes and the formulated(capsule) powder of AL, physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the formulated AL extract/capsule, and cytotoxicity evaluation of the formulated AL extract. Results of all evaluations confirmed satisfactory pharmaceutical properties of oral(capsule) formulation of the standardized AL extract.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Project of China(No.2012ZX09301002-001003)
文摘Four new glycosides including a eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid（1）, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid（2）, and two C_（14）-polyacetylenes（3, 4） were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses（UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS）. The absolute configurations of their aglycones were established based on the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism（ECD）, whereas those of monosaccharide moieties were determined by the GC method after chiral derivatization. Compound 4 showed weak anti-inflammatory effects on the LPS-induced NO production in microglia BV2 cells at a concentration of10μmmolL^（-1）.
基金Supported by Public Welfare and Industry Special Fund Project of the Ministry of Agriculture(201303040-05)Natural Science Foundation Project of CQCSTC(2013FYF110600)
文摘[Objectives] To investigate the infrared identification of ZhuQin Formula and Atractylodes polysaccharides and its effect on immune function in immunocompromised mice. [Methods] In this experiment,the structure of polysaccharides was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experiment was divided into the polysaccharide groups of high,medium and low dose of ZhuQin,the extraction group of ZhuQin,the polysaccharide group of Atractylodes,the positive drug group,the blank group and the model group. The model of immunosuppressed mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. The carbon clearance index,immune organ index,serum hemolysin,spleen T and B lymphocyte transformation rate were determined. [Results]The results show that the polysaccharides have obvious absorption peaks of polysaccharides; Formula extracts and polysaccharides can enhance the immune function of immunosuppressive mice at a certain dose level,and the effect of formula polysaccharide is better than that of extract and single traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides. [Conclusions] The results suggest that the polysaccharides of ZhuQin Formula and Atractylodes may be acidic polysaccharides containing pyran ring and furan ring. ZhuQin Formula polysaccharide may play an immunomodulatory role mainly by improving the specific immunity of the organism.
文摘Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.(AL)has been proven to be effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19).In this study,TCMSP,TCMID,OMIM,GeneCards,PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction were used to collect potential targets for AL against COVID-19.The online STRING analysis platform and Cytoscape were used for generating a(protein-protein interaction)PPI network.The Cytoscape and Autodock software were used for determining hub genes and key compounds.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed via DAVID database.A total of 84 common targets were obtained.The antiviral pathways were main pathways in traetment.10 hub genes and key compounds were screened by CytoHubba.We found that AL2,AL6 and AL38 had lower binding energy with key proteins.Our study demonstrated that AL might be used to treat COVID-19 by improving the"cytokine storm",regulating some antiviral pathways,and inhibiting the key protein through which the SARS-CoV-2 invades the host cell.These findings give a pharmacological basis and support for treating COVID-19 with AL.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473549)National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project(31402237)+1 种基金National "Major New Drug Creation" Major Science and Technology Projects(2014ZX09304-306-04)Ministry of Education of the Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Fee(XDJK2015D016)
文摘Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.
