The dynamic distribution of three different glycoconjugates in oocytes and follicle cells during the oogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis were detected using biotin-labeled Peanut Agglutinin （PNA）, Soy Bean Agglutin...The dynamic distribution of three different glycoconjugates in oocytes and follicle cells during the oogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis were detected using biotin-labeled Peanut Agglutinin （PNA）, Soy Bean Agglutinin （SBA） and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I （UEA-I） lectins. The results showed that during oogenesis there was no distribution of the UEA-I receptor. The receptors of PNA and SBA were found to be dependent on developmental stage and present different distribution patterns accordingly. The binding sites of the two lectins indicated the presence of different sugars （PNA for Galβ1,3GalNAc and SBA for GalNAc） and showed considerable variation during oogenesis. PNA and SBA receptors first appeared at the oocyte growth phase, the PNA receptors then disappeared gradually and the SBA receptors exhibited the greatest expression. At the early phase of yolk formation, PNA and SBA receptors were located just at the brim of ooplasm, which was the region of vitellin formation. However at the later phase of yolk formation, neither of the two receptors was detected. In the mature egg, PNA and SBA receptors were distributed again on the vitellin membrane and the eggshell. The two receptors were also widely distributed in the follicular cells, showing similar distribution variation to the oocytes. The results indicate that the change and modification of the two receptors may be greatly related to the growth of oocytes, the preparation for yolk formation, the differentiation of follicular cells and the maturation of oocytes. The glycoconjugates on the vitellin membrane probably play important roles in sperm and egg recognition. The two lectins bound moderately or strongly to the eggshell, which indicates that the eggshell of A. sinensis contains the GalNAc and GalβGalNAc glycoproteins.展开更多
Ten enzymes(AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizon-tal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper sp...Ten enzymes(AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizon-tal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper species Atractomorpha sinensis and A.peregrina from Shanxi,China.The collecting sites were geographically distant from each other from south to north:Quwo district,Linfen city;Xiangyuan county,Changzhi;Jinyuan district,Taiyuan city;Yuanping county,Xinzhou city and Fanshi county of Xinzhou.A.sinensis showed 43 alleles at 16 loci but A.peregrine showed 39 alleles at 15 loci(Idh-1 was defi-cient).The zymograms showed that some common alleles were shared at several loci in these two species(Aat-1-b,Aat-2-b,G3pdh-a,Ck-1-b and Ldh-b).However,Hex-1-a,Hex-2-a,Hex-3-a,Idh-2-b,Mdh-2-b,Mdh-1-f,Pgi-b,Pgm-b had common alleles in A.sinensis and Hex-1-b,Hex-2-b,Hex-3-b,Idh-2-a,Mdh-2-a,Mdh-1-d,Pgi-a,Pgm-c were of high frequency in A.peregrine instead.Most of the observed genotype frequencies were found to significantly deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both species.A tendency of clinal distribution of allele frequency was observed at three loci.The frequency of the moderately migrating allele Me-c(0.318−0.740)in A.peregrina,Hex-1-a(0.800−1.000)and Ldh-b(0.487−0.750)in A.sinensis demonstrated increased frequency from north to south.Such tendency sug-gests that the allele frequency in these three loci may be correlated with the species’geographic distributions.A.sinensis showed higher genetic diversity than A.peregrina as indi-cated by higher mean number of alleles per locus(A=1.9−2.3 in A.sinensis and 1.7−2.2 in A.peregrina),percentage of polymorphic loci(56.3%−68.8%in A.sinensis and 43.8%−56.3%in A.peregrina),and the observed heterozy-gosities(Ho=0.072−0.096 in A.sinensis and 0.070−0.107 in A.peregrina).The observed heterozygosities of the six populations were all noticeably lower than the Hardy-Weinberg expectations,mostly due to heterozygote deficiency in the populations of both species.The overall mean FST were small(F_(ST)=0.045,P>0.05 in A.sinensis populations and 0.087,P>0.05 in A.peregrina populations).Nei’s genetic identity(I)estimates indicate low intraspecific(>0.95)but higher interspecific(0.377−0.447)genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on modified Roger’s genetic distance(D)showed that the two species were divided into two branches.Both species are of limited dispersal capacity and a moderate geographical barrier might significantly restrict the gene exchange among populations,resulting in accumulation of local genetic differentiations.The A.sinensis populations used in this study were separated from each other by 155.2 to 271.4 km and the A.peregrina populations were separated from each other by 78.8 to 174.9 km with observable physical barriers.The allozyme data showed only minimal genetic differentiation at population level,most likely as a result of gene exchange.It is reasoned that natural factors and human agricultural activities might have facilitated migration and dispersal for the two species.展开更多
文摘The dynamic distribution of three different glycoconjugates in oocytes and follicle cells during the oogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis were detected using biotin-labeled Peanut Agglutinin （PNA）, Soy Bean Agglutinin （SBA） and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I （UEA-I） lectins. The results showed that during oogenesis there was no distribution of the UEA-I receptor. The receptors of PNA and SBA were found to be dependent on developmental stage and present different distribution patterns accordingly. The binding sites of the two lectins indicated the presence of different sugars （PNA for Galβ1,3GalNAc and SBA for GalNAc） and showed considerable variation during oogenesis. PNA and SBA receptors first appeared at the oocyte growth phase, the PNA receptors then disappeared gradually and the SBA receptors exhibited the greatest expression. At the early phase of yolk formation, PNA and SBA receptors were located just at the brim of ooplasm, which was the region of vitellin formation. However at the later phase of yolk formation, neither of the two receptors was detected. In the mature egg, PNA and SBA receptors were distributed again on the vitellin membrane and the eggshell. The two receptors were also widely distributed in the follicular cells, showing similar distribution variation to the oocytes. The results indicate that the change and modification of the two receptors may be greatly related to the growth of oocytes, the preparation for yolk formation, the differentiation of follicular cells and the maturation of oocytes. The glycoconjugates on the vitellin membrane probably play important roles in sperm and egg recognition. The two lectins bound moderately or strongly to the eggshell, which indicates that the eggshell of A. sinensis contains the GalNAc and GalβGalNAc glycoproteins.
文摘Ten enzymes(AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizon-tal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper species Atractomorpha sinensis and A.peregrina from Shanxi,China.The collecting sites were geographically distant from each other from south to north:Quwo district,Linfen city;Xiangyuan county,Changzhi;Jinyuan district,Taiyuan city;Yuanping county,Xinzhou city and Fanshi county of Xinzhou.A.sinensis showed 43 alleles at 16 loci but A.peregrine showed 39 alleles at 15 loci(Idh-1 was defi-cient).The zymograms showed that some common alleles were shared at several loci in these two species(Aat-1-b,Aat-2-b,G3pdh-a,Ck-1-b and Ldh-b).However,Hex-1-a,Hex-2-a,Hex-3-a,Idh-2-b,Mdh-2-b,Mdh-1-f,Pgi-b,Pgm-b had common alleles in A.sinensis and Hex-1-b,Hex-2-b,Hex-3-b,Idh-2-a,Mdh-2-a,Mdh-1-d,Pgi-a,Pgm-c were of high frequency in A.peregrine instead.Most of the observed genotype frequencies were found to significantly deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both species.A tendency of clinal distribution of allele frequency was observed at three loci.The frequency of the moderately migrating allele Me-c(0.318−0.740)in A.peregrina,Hex-1-a(0.800−1.000)and Ldh-b(0.487−0.750)in A.sinensis demonstrated increased frequency from north to south.Such tendency sug-gests that the allele frequency in these three loci may be correlated with the species’geographic distributions.A.sinensis showed higher genetic diversity than A.peregrina as indi-cated by higher mean number of alleles per locus(A=1.9−2.3 in A.sinensis and 1.7−2.2 in A.peregrina),percentage of polymorphic loci(56.3%−68.8%in A.sinensis and 43.8%−56.3%in A.peregrina),and the observed heterozy-gosities(Ho=0.072−0.096 in A.sinensis and 0.070−0.107 in A.peregrina).The observed heterozygosities of the six populations were all noticeably lower than the Hardy-Weinberg expectations,mostly due to heterozygote deficiency in the populations of both species.The overall mean FST were small(F_(ST)=0.045,P>0.05 in A.sinensis populations and 0.087,P>0.05 in A.peregrina populations).Nei’s genetic identity(I)estimates indicate low intraspecific(>0.95)but higher interspecific(0.377−0.447)genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on modified Roger’s genetic distance(D)showed that the two species were divided into two branches.Both species are of limited dispersal capacity and a moderate geographical barrier might significantly restrict the gene exchange among populations,resulting in accumulation of local genetic differentiations.The A.sinensis populations used in this study were separated from each other by 155.2 to 271.4 km and the A.peregrina populations were separated from each other by 78.8 to 174.9 km with observable physical barriers.The allozyme data showed only minimal genetic differentiation at population level,most likely as a result of gene exchange.It is reasoned that natural factors and human agricultural activities might have facilitated migration and dispersal for the two species.
