Research background: Athletic Pubalgia is a common, debilitating sports condition encountered by athletes who participate in competitive sports requiring pivoting movements. Athletic Pubalgia is often multifactorial w...Research background: Athletic Pubalgia is a common, debilitating sports condition encountered by athletes who participate in competitive sports requiring pivoting movements. Athletic Pubalgia is often multifactorial with several pathologies overlapping to cause groin pain. Soft tissue disruptions at the insertions of adductor longus and rectus abdominis to the pubic symphysis are often encountered. Prolotherapy is the method of injecting an irritant solution into a joint space, ligament or tendon insertion site. The solution is thought to induce a regenerative response in the affected area through several mechanisms, including the induction of inflammation and vascular reconfiguration. Research objectives: The use of prolotherapy to treat Athletic Pubalgia has not been reported. The aim of this study was to assess ultrasound-guided prolotherapy as a therapeutic option in the treatment of Athletic Pubalgia. Methods: A case report, with informed consent (human material or human data were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki), involving a 24-year-old female presenting with Athletic Pubalgia. The patient presented with severe chronic right groin pain sustained while playing camogie. Conservative management options, including rest and rehabilitation with physiotherapy had failed to control this pain. Through dynamic ultrasound scanning, focal lesions were identified in the insertions of rectus abdominis and adductor longus to the pubic symphysis. Prolotherapy with 5% dextrose to the affected areas was performed. Assessment of analgesic and rehabilitation response was planned. Results: A sustained analgesic effect was observed at clinical follow-up at 6 weeks. Patient returned to full sporting activity. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided prolotherapy has not yet been described as a treatment option in Athletic Pubalgia. In this case report, it was an effective pain-relieving therapy with improved rehabilitation. Larger studies are required to evaluate its efficacy.展开更多
In recent years, the NCAA student athlete population in the United States has surpassed 500,000, and is continuing to rise each year [1]. These student athletes work their entire lives academically and athletically to...In recent years, the NCAA student athlete population in the United States has surpassed 500,000, and is continuing to rise each year [1]. These student athletes work their entire lives academically and athletically to reach the ultimate goal: competing in university athletics. However, when these athletes reach university, they are met with non-stop training, homework, exams, and evolving social lives. We have conducted a study at the University of Evansville evaluating how participation in university athletics may impact mental health status among these student athletes, as well as measuring players’ awareness of accessible mental health resources. Over fifty percent of participants reported experiencing at least one mental health condition while competing in their sport;eighty percent reported having knowledge of the mental health resources available to them on campus, however, nearly thirty percent of those knowledgeable reported not knowing how to access these resources. This has indicated a gap in awareness and utilization of mental health resources among student athletes at the University of Evansville.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether practicing athletic trainers(ATs) were using the stepwise progression to make return-to-play(RTP) decisions after concussion and to determine what factors in...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether practicing athletic trainers(ATs) were using the stepwise progression to make return-to-play(RTP) decisions after concussion and to determine what factors influenced their decision to use the stepwise progression.Methods: A total of 166 ATs(response rate = 16.6%) completed a 21-item questionnaire that evaluated participant demographics, methods of concussion management, and RTP decision-making using the stepwise progression. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were completed to analyze data.Results: Factors such as education level(p = 0.05) and number of concussions treated(p = 0.05) predicted use of the stepwise progression,whereas sex(p = 0.17), employment setting(p = 0.17), state law(p = 0.86), and years practicing(p = 0.17) did not predict whether ATs were following the stepwise progression.Conclusion: The majority of the ATs from this study are employing the stepwise progression to safely return athletes to play after sustaining a concussion. This demonstrates that ATs are providing a standard of care for concussed athletes across various athletic training settings; however,having a graduate degree and treating more concussions per year are predictors of whether an AT follows all steps of the stepwise progression.展开更多
Aim: In this study, we explored the effects of dietary fiber on athletic performance. Methods: Twenty healthy college athletes (male/female, 1/1) consumed 6 grams of dietary fiber (Fiberpro, Taiyo Lab Inc., Tokyo) dai...Aim: In this study, we explored the effects of dietary fiber on athletic performance. Methods: Twenty healthy college athletes (male/female, 1/1) consumed 6 grams of dietary fiber (Fiberpro, Taiyo Lab Inc., Tokyo) daily for four weeks and were evaluated for their athletic performance, salivary biomarkers of stress (α-amylase activity pre-post exercise, cortisol, melatonin, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels), and mood/affect using the Profile of Mood State 2nd edition (POMS 2®). Measurements were taken at baseline (before supplementation), at Week 4 (after 4 weeks of supplementation), and at Week 8 (4 weeks after the completion of supplementation). Results: Results showed that athletic performance and exercise-induced elevation in salivary α-amylase activity improved with Fiberpro supplementation in both men and women. Further, the Anger-Hostility scale in POMS was significantly elevated in men;in women, an increase in Vigor-Activity score, a single index of positive mood, was noted. These findings suggest that Fiberpro may induce differential affective responses in men and women. Meanwhile, Fiberpro did not affect the normal diurnal changes in salivary melatonin and SIgA levels, but it appeared to augment the normal circadian patterns of cortisol, an effect that persisted for a month without Fiberpro intake. We propose that boosting fiber intake in young, healthy athletes may improve gut microbiota and confer resilience against stress.展开更多
The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sailing, archery, ice engraving, snow engrav ing, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. D...The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sailing, archery, ice engraving, snow engrav ing, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due to the un ique cold climate and superior geographic location,Harbin is a promising city f or developing tour resources of tournament athletics. Based on the analysis of t he superiority and peculiarity of Harbin,the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows:1) Harbin s hould develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and dev elop ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spend ing summer; 3) the adjustment of the layout of ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the la rge scale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combine d efforts of various departments to make feasible plan, and the organizers shoul d pay much attention to ensuring the safety of tourists.展开更多
The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect o...The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect of long-term athletic participation on academic performance remains unclear.Using a longitudinal data of 220 students from a high school in eastern Massachusetts of the United States,this study has revealed that athletic participants in this school started with a statistically significant higher GPA than non-participants in the first year of study,and have continued to be higher in the following two years,lag behind significantly,however,in academic achievement growth from their nonparticipation counterparts.The results of the study call for thoughtful decision-making regarding sports programs and athletic policies,proper guidance and adequate support for athletes and an optimal sport-academic culture in American high schools.展开更多
This paper summarizes the ratio of 2D and 4D to the inheritance of athletic ability： 2D： 4D has been stereotypes before birth, and the mother＇s uterus testosterone concentration there is a negative correlation betw...This paper summarizes the ratio of 2D and 4D to the inheritance of athletic ability： 2D： 4D has been stereotypes before birth, and the mother＇s uterus testosterone concentration there is a negative correlation between the relationship, Testosterone concentration affects the development of the right hemisphere and spatial visual ability of the brain, thus affecting athletic ability. The mitochondrial genome （mtDNA） polymorphism is directly related to motor activity and has a high maternal genetic trait. Athlete mothers have higher testosterone, and their children have athletic advantages. 2D： 4D and mtDNA have good genetic markers, which are of great significance and prospect for the study of their inheritance of motor ability.展开更多
Extreme value theory provides methods to analyze the most extreme parts of data. We used the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to predict the ultimate 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and long jum...Extreme value theory provides methods to analyze the most extreme parts of data. We used the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to predict the ultimate 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and long jump records of male gold medalists at the Olympics. The diagnostic plots, which assessed the accuracy of the GEV model, were fitted to all event records, validating the model. The 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m, and long jump records had negative shape parameters and calculated upper limits of 9.58 s, 19.18 s, 42.97 s, 36.71 s, and 9.03 m, respectively. The calculated upper limit in the 100 m (9.58 s) was equal to the record of Usain Bolt (August 16, 2009). The 100 m and 200 m world records were close to the calculated upper limits, and achieving the calculated limit was difficult. The 400 m and 4 × 100 m relay world records were almost equal to the calculated upper limits and the 500-year return level estimate, and slight improvement was possible in both. At the Tokyo Olympics in August 2021, in the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m, in one year the probability of occurrence for a record was about 1/30. In the 400 m and long jump, it was about 1/20. In the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m relay, more difficult records show that a fierce battle has taken place.展开更多
ON the evening of August 12, the 30th London Summer Olympic Games came to a close when the flame at the Olympic Stadium was extinguished as each country received one of the cauldrons 204 copper petals. In this year＇s...ON the evening of August 12, the 30th London Summer Olympic Games came to a close when the flame at the Olympic Stadium was extinguished as each country received one of the cauldrons 204 copper petals. In this year＇s Olympics, 10,500 athletes, including nearly 900 African athletes, participated in 302 medal events in all 26 sports.展开更多
Acute and chronic lateral ankle instability are common in high-demand patient populations. If not managed appropriately, patients may experience recurrent instability, chronic pain, osteochondral lesions of the talus,...Acute and chronic lateral ankle instability are common in high-demand patient populations. If not managed appropriately, patients may experience recurrent instability, chronic pain, osteochondral lesions of the talus, premature osteoarthritis, and other significantlong-term disability. Certain populations, including young athletes, military personnel and those involved in frequent running, jumping, and cutting motions, are at increased risk. Proposed risk factors include prior ankle sprain, elevated body weight or body mass index, female gender, neuromuscular deficits, postural imbalance, foot/ankle malalignment, and exposure to at-risk athletic activity. Prompt, accurate diagnosis is crucial, and evidence-based, functional rehabilitation regimens have a proven track record in returning active patients to work and sport. When patients fail to improve with physical therapy and external bracing, multiple surgical techniques have been described with reliable results, including both anatomic and nonanatomic reconstructive methods. Anatomic repair of the lateral ligamentous complex remains the gold standard for recurrent ankle instability, and it effectively restores native ankle anatomy and joint kinematics while preserving physiologic ankle and subtalar motion. Further preventative measures may minimize the risk of ankle instability in athletic cohorts, including prophylactic bracing and combined neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. These interventions have demonstrated benefit in patients at heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain and allow active cohorts to return to full activity without adversely affecting athletic performance.展开更多
Posterior instability of the shoulder is becoming an increasingly recognized shoulder injury in the athletic population. Diagnostic elements, such as etiology, directionality, and degree of instability are essential f...Posterior instability of the shoulder is becoming an increasingly recognized shoulder injury in the athletic population. Diagnostic elements, such as etiology, directionality, and degree of instability are essential factors to assess in the unstable athletic shoulder. Concomitant injuries and associated pathologic lesions continue to be a significant challenge in the surgical management of posterior shoulder instability. Return to sport and previous level of play is ultimately the goal for every committed athlete and surgeon, thus subpopulations of athletes should be recognized as distinct entities requiring unique diagnostic, functional outcome measures, and surgical approaches.展开更多
The article presents wide experience in controlling athletic training aimed at preparation of the Russian national teams for major international competitions. Experimental part of the study has been carried out in the...The article presents wide experience in controlling athletic training aimed at preparation of the Russian national teams for major international competitions. Experimental part of the study has been carried out in the course of training camps and competitions since 2010. Forty Russian national teams in 15 winter and 3 summer Olympic sports participated in the research. Theoretical concepts set forth in the works of Anthony Stafford Beer made a basis of a system of control and management developed for the Russian national winter sports teams. In particular, a five-level system was applied to control athletic training. The authors point out that a system of control over athletic training in elite sport teams should take into account a few important issues： （1） each sport, team and athlete has distinctive features; （2） various aspects of athletic training and their interrelation must be aimed at raising effectiveness of training according to individual training plans; （3） coaches and sport managers must be provided with real-time information necessary for development of long-term and short-term training plans and their timely correction.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">Physical activity has a cardinal role in preventing and treating cardiovascula...<strong>Background: </strong><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">Physical activity has a cardinal role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the<b> </b>changes that occur to the cardiac muscle in athletes is still doubtful whether it is only an adaptation to exercise or a concealed pathological condition. Most of these changes are well documented in apparently healthy heart and characterized by cardiac enlargement with Brady-arrhythmias specially individuals participating in long distance runners with exercise capacity without signs of cardiovascular disease. <b>Methods: </b>The study searched the subclinical myocardial necrosis by comparing<b> </b>two groups of young marathon runners, both groups were chosen from Al Gizera youth center in January 2018. First group included adults above the age of 18 years and ran for 12 km. and the second was under 18 years and ran for about 8 km. Both groups were volunteered for this study. They are monitored carefully with blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate and their blood samples were collected pre- and post-race immediately for assessment of cardiac markers NTproBNP, Galectin-3 and cTnI. <b>Results: </b>All cardiac markers were elevated post exercise compared to that achieved in pre-exercise regardless age of athletes. Also, pre-exercise adult results were higher in galectin-3 and cTnI but not in proBNP while there is no difference in the acute response in both groups. These results revealed micro cardiac necrosis due to long run exercise with possible bad prognosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> It is important to develop risk assessment and prediction methods for screening the young athletes and consider the term athletic heart as a subclinical disorder rather than physiological adaptation.</span>展开更多
The athletic spirit goes beyond mere competition;it reflects the personal qualities that athletes embody both on and off the field.Central to this spirit is willpower,the inner strength that drives athletes to maintai...The athletic spirit goes beyond mere competition;it reflects the personal qualities that athletes embody both on and off the field.Central to this spirit is willpower,the inner strength that drives athletes to maintain rigorous training schedules and push their limits.This determination is essential for achieving excellence,especially when faced with challenges and setbacks.展开更多
1.Background When searching for the term“muscle power”on Google Scholar,about 3.7 million hits come up in 60 ms,and for the past 3 years,there were approximately 225 yearly peer-reviewed publications dealing with mu...1.Background When searching for the term“muscle power”on Google Scholar,about 3.7 million hits come up in 60 ms,and for the past 3 years,there were approximately 225 yearly peer-reviewed publications dealing with muscle power.Muscle power has been used to assess and predict athletic performance,to determine muscle rehabilitation following injury or disease,to measure functional decline as occurs in aging,and many other topics.展开更多
Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have inves...Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.展开更多
We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo ...We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo and no-intervention conditions.The study found that while IPC demonstrated superior effects over the no-intervention group in certain metrics(e.g.,time to exhaustion),its performance did not significantly surpass that of the placebo group.This suggests that the potential benefits of IPC may partially stem from participants’psychological expectations,or placebo effects.The study also highlighted the significant impact of placebo interventions on athletic performance,emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between placebo and no-intervention conditions in experimental designs.展开更多
Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries are among the most frequent knee pathologies,with athletes—particularly females and those in pivot-heavy sports such as soccer,basketball,volleyball,and skiing—at increased ri...Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries are among the most frequent knee pathologies,with athletes—particularly females and those in pivot-heavy sports such as soccer,basketball,volleyball,and skiing—at increased risk.The success of ACL reconstruction is multifactorial,relying on individualized graft selection,surgical precision,patient-specific characteristics,and optimized rehabilitation.Despite the availability of various graft options—hamstring tendon,bone-patellar tendon-bone,and quadriceps tendon—no single type has demonstrated clear superiority,reinforcing the need for patient-tailored approaches based on anatomical,functional,and age-related factors.Surgical techniques continue to evolve,with adaptations such as physeal-sparing methods for skeletally immature patients and minimally invasive procedures aimed at reducing morbidity and improving recovery.Rehabilitation is a critical determinant of functional out-comes.Current evidence supports immediate mobilization,early weight-bearing,and initiation of neuromuscular and strength training,while routine use of continuous passive motion and bracing is discouraged,except in multi-ligament injuries.Prehabilitation is recommended,though accelerated rehabilitation remains controversial.Implant choice and fixation strategy are also essential to long-term success.The use of materials that reduce the risk of chronic complic-ations and support biological integration is increasingly favored.Nevertheless,rare mechanical failures emphasize the need for accurate tunnel placement,appropriate implant selection,and vigilant postoperative monitoring.Outcomes are further influenced by patient-specific variables,including bone quality,metabolic status,and physical activity levels.Optimal ACL reconstruction results from a comprehensive,patient-centered strategy that integrates surgical accuracy,individualized rehabilitation,and continuous follow-up to minimize complications and enhance recovery.展开更多
In order to help athletes optimize their performances in competitions while prevent overtraining and the risk of overuse injuries,it is important to develop science-based strategies for optimally designing training pr...In order to help athletes optimize their performances in competitions while prevent overtraining and the risk of overuse injuries,it is important to develop science-based strategies for optimally designing training programs.The purpose of the present study is to develop a novel method by the combined use of optimal control theory and a training-performance model for designing optimal training programs,with the hope of helping athletes achieve the best performance exactly on the competition day while properly manage training load during the training course for preventing overtraining.The training-performance model used in the proposed optimal control framework is a conceptual extension of the Banister impulse-response model that describes the dynamics of performance,training load(served as the control variable),fitness(the overall positive effects on performance),and fatigue(the overall negative effects on performance).The objective functional of the proposed optimal control framework is to maximize the fitness and minimize the fatigue on the competition day with the goal of maximizing the performance on the competition day while minimizing the cumulative training load during the training course.The Forward-Backward Sweep Method is used to solve the proposed optimal control framework to obtain the optimal solutions of performance,training load,fitness,and fatigue.The simulation results show that the performance on the competition day is higher while the cumulative training load during the training course is lower with using optimal control theory than those without,successfully showing the feasibility and benefits of using the proposed optimal control framework to design optimal training programs for helping athletes achieve the best performance exactly on the competition day while properly manage training load during the training course for preventing overtraining.The present feasibility study lays the foundation of the combined use of optimal control theory and training-performance models to design personalized optimal training programs in real applications in athletic training and sports science for helping athletes achieve the best performances in competitions while prevent overtraining and the risk of overuse injuries.展开更多
Background Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology(AFT)track shoes(i.e.,“spikes”)in middle-distance events is challenging,because repeated maximal effort trials(as in sprinting)or aerobic ...Background Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology(AFT)track shoes(i.e.,“spikes”)in middle-distance events is challenging,because repeated maximal effort trials(as in sprinting)or aerobic running economy trials(as in long-distance running)are not feasible.Methods We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes,consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery,and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity,sensitivity,reproducibility,and utility.Results In Experiment 1,participants ran 1.2%slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs.control spikes,which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance.In Experiment 2,participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs.traditional spikes.In Experiment 3,we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days.Group-level results were consistent across days,but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses.In Experiment 4,participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs.traditional spikes(2.1%and 1.6%).Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes.These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models(2.3%and 1.9%),while step length was similar between the other spikes.Conclusion Our novel,interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.展开更多
文摘Research background: Athletic Pubalgia is a common, debilitating sports condition encountered by athletes who participate in competitive sports requiring pivoting movements. Athletic Pubalgia is often multifactorial with several pathologies overlapping to cause groin pain. Soft tissue disruptions at the insertions of adductor longus and rectus abdominis to the pubic symphysis are often encountered. Prolotherapy is the method of injecting an irritant solution into a joint space, ligament or tendon insertion site. The solution is thought to induce a regenerative response in the affected area through several mechanisms, including the induction of inflammation and vascular reconfiguration. Research objectives: The use of prolotherapy to treat Athletic Pubalgia has not been reported. The aim of this study was to assess ultrasound-guided prolotherapy as a therapeutic option in the treatment of Athletic Pubalgia. Methods: A case report, with informed consent (human material or human data were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki), involving a 24-year-old female presenting with Athletic Pubalgia. The patient presented with severe chronic right groin pain sustained while playing camogie. Conservative management options, including rest and rehabilitation with physiotherapy had failed to control this pain. Through dynamic ultrasound scanning, focal lesions were identified in the insertions of rectus abdominis and adductor longus to the pubic symphysis. Prolotherapy with 5% dextrose to the affected areas was performed. Assessment of analgesic and rehabilitation response was planned. Results: A sustained analgesic effect was observed at clinical follow-up at 6 weeks. Patient returned to full sporting activity. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided prolotherapy has not yet been described as a treatment option in Athletic Pubalgia. In this case report, it was an effective pain-relieving therapy with improved rehabilitation. Larger studies are required to evaluate its efficacy.
文摘In recent years, the NCAA student athlete population in the United States has surpassed 500,000, and is continuing to rise each year [1]. These student athletes work their entire lives academically and athletically to reach the ultimate goal: competing in university athletics. However, when these athletes reach university, they are met with non-stop training, homework, exams, and evolving social lives. We have conducted a study at the University of Evansville evaluating how participation in university athletics may impact mental health status among these student athletes, as well as measuring players’ awareness of accessible mental health resources. Over fifty percent of participants reported experiencing at least one mental health condition while competing in their sport;eighty percent reported having knowledge of the mental health resources available to them on campus, however, nearly thirty percent of those knowledgeable reported not knowing how to access these resources. This has indicated a gap in awareness and utilization of mental health resources among student athletes at the University of Evansville.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether practicing athletic trainers(ATs) were using the stepwise progression to make return-to-play(RTP) decisions after concussion and to determine what factors influenced their decision to use the stepwise progression.Methods: A total of 166 ATs(response rate = 16.6%) completed a 21-item questionnaire that evaluated participant demographics, methods of concussion management, and RTP decision-making using the stepwise progression. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were completed to analyze data.Results: Factors such as education level(p = 0.05) and number of concussions treated(p = 0.05) predicted use of the stepwise progression,whereas sex(p = 0.17), employment setting(p = 0.17), state law(p = 0.86), and years practicing(p = 0.17) did not predict whether ATs were following the stepwise progression.Conclusion: The majority of the ATs from this study are employing the stepwise progression to safely return athletes to play after sustaining a concussion. This demonstrates that ATs are providing a standard of care for concussed athletes across various athletic training settings; however,having a graduate degree and treating more concussions per year are predictors of whether an AT follows all steps of the stepwise progression.
文摘Aim: In this study, we explored the effects of dietary fiber on athletic performance. Methods: Twenty healthy college athletes (male/female, 1/1) consumed 6 grams of dietary fiber (Fiberpro, Taiyo Lab Inc., Tokyo) daily for four weeks and were evaluated for their athletic performance, salivary biomarkers of stress (α-amylase activity pre-post exercise, cortisol, melatonin, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels), and mood/affect using the Profile of Mood State 2nd edition (POMS 2®). Measurements were taken at baseline (before supplementation), at Week 4 (after 4 weeks of supplementation), and at Week 8 (4 weeks after the completion of supplementation). Results: Results showed that athletic performance and exercise-induced elevation in salivary α-amylase activity improved with Fiberpro supplementation in both men and women. Further, the Anger-Hostility scale in POMS was significantly elevated in men;in women, an increase in Vigor-Activity score, a single index of positive mood, was noted. These findings suggest that Fiberpro may induce differential affective responses in men and women. Meanwhile, Fiberpro did not affect the normal diurnal changes in salivary melatonin and SIgA levels, but it appeared to augment the normal circadian patterns of cortisol, an effect that persisted for a month without Fiberpro intake. We propose that boosting fiber intake in young, healthy athletes may improve gut microbiota and confer resilience against stress.
文摘The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sailing, archery, ice engraving, snow engrav ing, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due to the un ique cold climate and superior geographic location,Harbin is a promising city f or developing tour resources of tournament athletics. Based on the analysis of t he superiority and peculiarity of Harbin,the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows:1) Harbin s hould develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and dev elop ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spend ing summer; 3) the adjustment of the layout of ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the la rge scale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combine d efforts of various departments to make feasible plan, and the organizers shoul d pay much attention to ensuring the safety of tourists.
文摘The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect of long-term athletic participation on academic performance remains unclear.Using a longitudinal data of 220 students from a high school in eastern Massachusetts of the United States,this study has revealed that athletic participants in this school started with a statistically significant higher GPA than non-participants in the first year of study,and have continued to be higher in the following two years,lag behind significantly,however,in academic achievement growth from their nonparticipation counterparts.The results of the study call for thoughtful decision-making regarding sports programs and athletic policies,proper guidance and adequate support for athletes and an optimal sport-academic culture in American high schools.
文摘This paper summarizes the ratio of 2D and 4D to the inheritance of athletic ability： 2D： 4D has been stereotypes before birth, and the mother＇s uterus testosterone concentration there is a negative correlation between the relationship, Testosterone concentration affects the development of the right hemisphere and spatial visual ability of the brain, thus affecting athletic ability. The mitochondrial genome （mtDNA） polymorphism is directly related to motor activity and has a high maternal genetic trait. Athlete mothers have higher testosterone, and their children have athletic advantages. 2D： 4D and mtDNA have good genetic markers, which are of great significance and prospect for the study of their inheritance of motor ability.
文摘Extreme value theory provides methods to analyze the most extreme parts of data. We used the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to predict the ultimate 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m relay, and long jump records of male gold medalists at the Olympics. The diagnostic plots, which assessed the accuracy of the GEV model, were fitted to all event records, validating the model. The 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 4 × 100 m, and long jump records had negative shape parameters and calculated upper limits of 9.58 s, 19.18 s, 42.97 s, 36.71 s, and 9.03 m, respectively. The calculated upper limit in the 100 m (9.58 s) was equal to the record of Usain Bolt (August 16, 2009). The 100 m and 200 m world records were close to the calculated upper limits, and achieving the calculated limit was difficult. The 400 m and 4 × 100 m relay world records were almost equal to the calculated upper limits and the 500-year return level estimate, and slight improvement was possible in both. At the Tokyo Olympics in August 2021, in the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m, in one year the probability of occurrence for a record was about 1/30. In the 400 m and long jump, it was about 1/20. In the 100 m, 200 m, and 4 × 100 m relay, more difficult records show that a fierce battle has taken place.
文摘ON the evening of August 12, the 30th London Summer Olympic Games came to a close when the flame at the Olympic Stadium was extinguished as each country received one of the cauldrons 204 copper petals. In this year＇s Olympics, 10,500 athletes, including nearly 900 African athletes, participated in 302 medal events in all 26 sports.
文摘Acute and chronic lateral ankle instability are common in high-demand patient populations. If not managed appropriately, patients may experience recurrent instability, chronic pain, osteochondral lesions of the talus, premature osteoarthritis, and other significantlong-term disability. Certain populations, including young athletes, military personnel and those involved in frequent running, jumping, and cutting motions, are at increased risk. Proposed risk factors include prior ankle sprain, elevated body weight or body mass index, female gender, neuromuscular deficits, postural imbalance, foot/ankle malalignment, and exposure to at-risk athletic activity. Prompt, accurate diagnosis is crucial, and evidence-based, functional rehabilitation regimens have a proven track record in returning active patients to work and sport. When patients fail to improve with physical therapy and external bracing, multiple surgical techniques have been described with reliable results, including both anatomic and nonanatomic reconstructive methods. Anatomic repair of the lateral ligamentous complex remains the gold standard for recurrent ankle instability, and it effectively restores native ankle anatomy and joint kinematics while preserving physiologic ankle and subtalar motion. Further preventative measures may minimize the risk of ankle instability in athletic cohorts, including prophylactic bracing and combined neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. These interventions have demonstrated benefit in patients at heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain and allow active cohorts to return to full activity without adversely affecting athletic performance.
文摘Posterior instability of the shoulder is becoming an increasingly recognized shoulder injury in the athletic population. Diagnostic elements, such as etiology, directionality, and degree of instability are essential factors to assess in the unstable athletic shoulder. Concomitant injuries and associated pathologic lesions continue to be a significant challenge in the surgical management of posterior shoulder instability. Return to sport and previous level of play is ultimately the goal for every committed athlete and surgeon, thus subpopulations of athletes should be recognized as distinct entities requiring unique diagnostic, functional outcome measures, and surgical approaches.
文摘The article presents wide experience in controlling athletic training aimed at preparation of the Russian national teams for major international competitions. Experimental part of the study has been carried out in the course of training camps and competitions since 2010. Forty Russian national teams in 15 winter and 3 summer Olympic sports participated in the research. Theoretical concepts set forth in the works of Anthony Stafford Beer made a basis of a system of control and management developed for the Russian national winter sports teams. In particular, a five-level system was applied to control athletic training. The authors point out that a system of control over athletic training in elite sport teams should take into account a few important issues： （1） each sport, team and athlete has distinctive features; （2） various aspects of athletic training and their interrelation must be aimed at raising effectiveness of training according to individual training plans; （3） coaches and sport managers must be provided with real-time information necessary for development of long-term and short-term training plans and their timely correction.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "="">Physical activity has a cardinal role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the<b> </b>changes that occur to the cardiac muscle in athletes is still doubtful whether it is only an adaptation to exercise or a concealed pathological condition. Most of these changes are well documented in apparently healthy heart and characterized by cardiac enlargement with Brady-arrhythmias specially individuals participating in long distance runners with exercise capacity without signs of cardiovascular disease. <b>Methods: </b>The study searched the subclinical myocardial necrosis by comparing<b> </b>two groups of young marathon runners, both groups were chosen from Al Gizera youth center in January 2018. First group included adults above the age of 18 years and ran for 12 km. and the second was under 18 years and ran for about 8 km. Both groups were volunteered for this study. They are monitored carefully with blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate and their blood samples were collected pre- and post-race immediately for assessment of cardiac markers NTproBNP, Galectin-3 and cTnI. <b>Results: </b>All cardiac markers were elevated post exercise compared to that achieved in pre-exercise regardless age of athletes. Also, pre-exercise adult results were higher in galectin-3 and cTnI but not in proBNP while there is no difference in the acute response in both groups. These results revealed micro cardiac necrosis due to long run exercise with possible bad prognosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> It is important to develop risk assessment and prediction methods for screening the young athletes and consider the term athletic heart as a subclinical disorder rather than physiological adaptation.</span>
文摘The athletic spirit goes beyond mere competition;it reflects the personal qualities that athletes embody both on and off the field.Central to this spirit is willpower,the inner strength that drives athletes to maintain rigorous training schedules and push their limits.This determination is essential for achieving excellence,especially when faced with challenges and setbacks.
文摘1.Background When searching for the term“muscle power”on Google Scholar,about 3.7 million hits come up in 60 ms,and for the past 3 years,there were approximately 225 yearly peer-reviewed publications dealing with muscle power.Muscle power has been used to assess and predict athletic performance,to determine muscle rehabilitation following injury or disease,to measure functional decline as occurs in aging,and many other topics.
基金partially supported by the State Funding Agency of Minas Gerais,Brazil(FAPEMIG),Process No.APQ-01811-21supported by Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung(AvH)/Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)+1 种基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.308138/2022-8)supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.BPD-00905-22).
文摘Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.
文摘We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo and no-intervention conditions.The study found that while IPC demonstrated superior effects over the no-intervention group in certain metrics(e.g.,time to exhaustion),its performance did not significantly surpass that of the placebo group.This suggests that the potential benefits of IPC may partially stem from participants’psychological expectations,or placebo effects.The study also highlighted the significant impact of placebo interventions on athletic performance,emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between placebo and no-intervention conditions in experimental designs.
文摘Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries are among the most frequent knee pathologies,with athletes—particularly females and those in pivot-heavy sports such as soccer,basketball,volleyball,and skiing—at increased risk.The success of ACL reconstruction is multifactorial,relying on individualized graft selection,surgical precision,patient-specific characteristics,and optimized rehabilitation.Despite the availability of various graft options—hamstring tendon,bone-patellar tendon-bone,and quadriceps tendon—no single type has demonstrated clear superiority,reinforcing the need for patient-tailored approaches based on anatomical,functional,and age-related factors.Surgical techniques continue to evolve,with adaptations such as physeal-sparing methods for skeletally immature patients and minimally invasive procedures aimed at reducing morbidity and improving recovery.Rehabilitation is a critical determinant of functional out-comes.Current evidence supports immediate mobilization,early weight-bearing,and initiation of neuromuscular and strength training,while routine use of continuous passive motion and bracing is discouraged,except in multi-ligament injuries.Prehabilitation is recommended,though accelerated rehabilitation remains controversial.Implant choice and fixation strategy are also essential to long-term success.The use of materials that reduce the risk of chronic complic-ations and support biological integration is increasingly favored.Nevertheless,rare mechanical failures emphasize the need for accurate tunnel placement,appropriate implant selection,and vigilant postoperative monitoring.Outcomes are further influenced by patient-specific variables,including bone quality,metabolic status,and physical activity levels.Optimal ACL reconstruction results from a comprehensive,patient-centered strategy that integrates surgical accuracy,individualized rehabilitation,and continuous follow-up to minimize complications and enhance recovery.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Council,grant number NSTC 113-2221-E-002-136-.
文摘In order to help athletes optimize their performances in competitions while prevent overtraining and the risk of overuse injuries,it is important to develop science-based strategies for optimally designing training programs.The purpose of the present study is to develop a novel method by the combined use of optimal control theory and a training-performance model for designing optimal training programs,with the hope of helping athletes achieve the best performance exactly on the competition day while properly manage training load during the training course for preventing overtraining.The training-performance model used in the proposed optimal control framework is a conceptual extension of the Banister impulse-response model that describes the dynamics of performance,training load(served as the control variable),fitness(the overall positive effects on performance),and fatigue(the overall negative effects on performance).The objective functional of the proposed optimal control framework is to maximize the fitness and minimize the fatigue on the competition day with the goal of maximizing the performance on the competition day while minimizing the cumulative training load during the training course.The Forward-Backward Sweep Method is used to solve the proposed optimal control framework to obtain the optimal solutions of performance,training load,fitness,and fatigue.The simulation results show that the performance on the competition day is higher while the cumulative training load during the training course is lower with using optimal control theory than those without,successfully showing the feasibility and benefits of using the proposed optimal control framework to design optimal training programs for helping athletes achieve the best performance exactly on the competition day while properly manage training load during the training course for preventing overtraining.The present feasibility study lays the foundation of the combined use of optimal control theory and training-performance models to design personalized optimal training programs in real applications in athletic training and sports science for helping athletes achieve the best performances in competitions while prevent overtraining and the risk of overuse injuries.
基金partly supported by a research contract from PUMA SE with the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.
文摘Background Quantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology(AFT)track shoes(i.e.,“spikes”)in middle-distance events is challenging,because repeated maximal effort trials(as in sprinting)or aerobic running economy trials(as in long-distance running)are not feasible.Methods We introduce a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes,consisting of a series of 200-m runs at self-perceived middle-distance race pace with 10 min recovery,and conduct 4 experiments to evaluate its validity,sensitivity,reproducibility,and utility.Results In Experiment 1,participants ran 1.2%slower in spikes with 200 g added mass vs.control spikes,which is exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance.In Experiment 2,participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes vs.traditional spikes.In Experiment 3,we compared 2 other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes on 3 separate days.Group-level results were consistent across days,but our data indicates that at least 2 separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses.In Experiment 4,participants ran significantly faster in 2 AFT spike models vs.traditional spikes(2.1%and 1.6%).Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes.These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length as participants took significantly longer steps in the 2 faster AFT spike models(2.3%and 1.9%),while step length was similar between the other spikes.Conclusion Our novel,interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method for quantifying differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.
