Objective:To translate and adapt the dementia knowledge assessment scale(DKAS)into Sinhala version and to evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing students.Methods:A cross-sectional validation study was cond...Objective:To translate and adapt the dementia knowledge assessment scale(DKAS)into Sinhala version and to evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing students.Methods:A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in two phases:(i)translation and adaptation and(ii)evaluating psychometric properties(N=394 nursing students).Results:The DKAS was adapted to the Sinhala(Si-DKAS)version,and the content validity index(CVI=0.9)was satisfactory.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)resulted in an 18-item Si-DKAS with a four-factor model:“care considerations,”“causes and characteristics of dementia,”“health promotion,”and“misconceptions about dementia.”The model fit indices were suboptimal(comparative fix index[CFI]=0.809 and Turker-Lewis index[TLI]=0.773),and some indices were acceptable(standardized root-mean-squared residual[SRMR]=0.040 and root-mean-squared error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.053).Internal consistency(0.7)and test-retest correlation(0.9)were acceptable.Discriminant validity was confirmed by knowledge score differences based on academic years.Conclusions:This is a valid and reliable tool for assessing knowledge of dementia among Sinhala-speaking nursing students.展开更多
Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogene...Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.展开更多
Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves mor...Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of o.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO0 value was 0.820(P<0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x^(2)=1417.656,x^(2)/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnessof-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x^(2)/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in perioperative patients with liver cancer.Methods:A total of 128 hepatocellular cancer(HC...Objective:To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in perioperative patients with liver cancer.Methods:A total of 128 hepatocellular cancer(HCC)patients who were hospitalized in our department from January 2021 to March 2022 and met the research criteria were selected.According to odd and even numbers in the order of inclusion,64 cases were divided into two groups:a control group and an observation group.The control group received routine nursing intervention during perioperative period,while the observation group received nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for VTE.The incidence of VTE and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of VTE and postoperative complications in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for VTE can reduce the incidence of perioperative deep vein thrombosis and complications in patients with liver cancer;thus,it is worthy of clinical application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in high-risk breast cancer. However, no universally accepted guidelines exist on pre-chemotherapy assessment. In particular, the number and frequency of medical visits v...BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in high-risk breast cancer. However, no universally accepted guidelines exist on pre-chemotherapy assessment. In particular, the number and frequency of medical visits vary according to each institution’s policy. We hypothesised that the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale(ESAS) may have a favourable impact on the pre-treatment assessment in candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.AIM To investigate whether the ESAS can be used to safely reduce the number of medical visits in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS In a retrospectively prospective matched-pair analysis, 100 patients who completed the ESAS questionnaire before administration of adjuvant chemotherapy(ESAS Group) were compared with 100 patients who underwent chemotherapy according to the traditional modality, without ESAS(no-ESAS Group). Patients of the ESAS Group received additional visits before treatment if their ESAS score was > 3. The primary endpoint was the total number of medical visits during the entire duration of the chemotherapy period. The secondary endpoints were the occurrence of severe complications(grade 3-4) and the number of unplanned visits during the chemotherapy period.RESULTS The study variables did not statistically differ between patients of the ESAS Group and no-ESAS Group(age P = 0.880;breast cancer stage P = 0.56;cancer histology P = 0.415;tumour size P = 0.258;lymph node status P = 0.883;immunohistochemical classification P = 0.754;type of surgery P = 0.157), except for premenopausal status(P = 0.015). The study variables did not statistically differ between patients of the ESAS Group and no-ESAS Group regarding age, cancer stage, histology, tumour size, lymph node status, immunohistochemical classification, and type of surgery. Unplanned visits during the entire duration of chemotherapy were 8 in the ESAS Group and 18 in the no-ESAS Group visits(P = 0.035). Grade 3-4 toxicity did not differ between the study groups(P = 0.652). Forty-eight patients of the ESAS Group received additional visits due to an ESAS score > 3. The mean number of medical visits was 4.38 ± 0.51 in the ESAS Group and 16.18 ± 1.82 in the no-ESAS group(P < 0.001). With multivariate analysis, women of the ESAS group were more likely to undergo additional visits for an ESAS score > 3 if they were aged 60 or older, received a mastectomy, or had tumour stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ.CONCLUSION The ESAS score may safely reduce the number of medical visits in candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Our results suggest that the ESAS score may be used for selecting a group of breast cancer patients for whom it is safe to reduce the number of medical visits in the setting of adjuvant chemotherapy. This may translate into several advantages, such as a more rational utilization of human resources and a possible reduction of coronavirus pandemic infection risk in oncologic patients.展开更多
In this study,an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis.This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes ...In this study,an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis.This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes and eleven second-level indexes.The corresponding weights of indexes were determined by the objective weighting method.The scores of all the descriptions of the indexes were also assigned.After a trial test,this assessment scale was verified to be reliable and valid for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers.展开更多
Neonatal pain is a problem that is easily overlooked.According to the status quo of neonatal pain management,commonly 9 scales are used for evaluation of neonatal pain;details of the specific indicators,such as the ap...Neonatal pain is a problem that is easily overlooked.According to the status quo of neonatal pain management,commonly 9 scales are used for evaluation of neonatal pain;details of the specific indicators,such as the applicable neonatal gestational age range,score,and the type of pain,for the domestic references are provided so as to provide reference for the proper evaluation and standardized management of neonatal pain,as well as to promote the management level of neonatal pain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atypical depression is an important indicator of a high risk of bipolar disorder and a genetic predisposition to immunometabolic traits.AIM To analyze common depression assessment scales for their inclusion...BACKGROUND Atypical depression is an important indicator of a high risk of bipolar disorder and a genetic predisposition to immunometabolic traits.AIM To analyze common depression assessment scales for their inclusion of items related to atypical symptoms such as mood reactivity,hypersomnia,increased appetite(or weight gain),leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.METHODS A search for English-language articles was conducted without time restrictions in the MEDLINE and Russian Science Citation Index databases using the following keywords:“depression”OR“bipolar depression”AND“scales”OR“questionnaires”.The analytical method used in this review involved a descriptive analysis of the included studies.RESULTS After reviewing studies on the validation of depression assessment scales,we found that only a small number include items addressing both increases and decreases in appetite or weight,as well as variations in sleep duration.Moreover,only a few studies have evaluated mood reactivity,leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.The most well-developed scale that considers all aspects of atypical and non-atypical depressions is the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.CONCLUSION Ignoring atypical symptoms in common scales can lead to underestimation of depression severity and inaccuracies in evaluating therapy effectiveness in clinical trials, as well as hinder fundamental research aimed at finding biomarkers.展开更多
Stroke has a high incidence and disability rate, and rehabilitation is an effective means to reduce the disability rate of patients. To systematize rehabilitation assessment, which is the foundation for rehabilitation...Stroke has a high incidence and disability rate, and rehabilitation is an effective means to reduce the disability rate of patients. To systematize rehabilitation assessment, which is the foundation for rehabilitation therapy, we summarize the assessment methods commonly used in research and clinical applications, including the various types of stroke rehabilitation scales and their applicability, and related biomedical detection technologies, including surface electromyography(sEMG),motion analysis systems, transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and combinations of different techniques. We also introduce some assessment techniques that are still in the experimental phase, such as the prospective application of artificial intelligence(AI) with optical correlation tomography(OCT) in stroke rehabilitation. This review provides a useful bibliography for the assessment of not only the severity of stroke injury, but also the therapeutic effects of stroke rehabilitation, and establishes a solid base for the future development of stroke rehabilitation skills.展开更多
This paper describes the de？nition of venous thromboembolism and introduces to personalized venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools overseas. Thoughts are given on the development, amendment,application and vali...This paper describes the de？nition of venous thromboembolism and introduces to personalized venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools overseas. Thoughts are given on the development, amendment,application and validation of these tools. The paper provides a reference for building personalized venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools in China.展开更多
In this study, the seismic fragility curves of two reinforced concrete（RC） columns that were lap-spliced at the bottom and retrofitted with steel wrapping jackets were generated. Their seismic performance was probab...In this study, the seismic fragility curves of two reinforced concrete（RC） columns that were lap-spliced at the bottom and retrofitted with steel wrapping jackets were generated. Their seismic performance was probabilistically assessed in comparison to that of lap-spliced or continuous reinforcement RC columns. This study used two types of steel wrapping jackets, a full jacket and a split jacket. Analytical models of the four types of columns were developed based on the experimental results of the columns using Open SEES, which is effective in conducting nonlinear time history analyses. A suite of ten artificial ground motions, modified from recorded ground motions, was used to perform nonlinear time history analyses of the analytical models with scaling of the peak ground acceleration from 0.1 g to 1.0 g in increments of 0.1 g. The steel wrapping jackets did not increase the medians for yield（slight damage state） of the lap-spiced column and did not exceed the corresponding median of the continuous reinforcement column. However, the two steel jackets increased the medians for failure by 1.872 and 2.017 times, respectively, and exceeded the corresponding median of the continuous reinforcement column by 11.8% and 20.5%, respectively.展开更多
Large-scale incinerators are applied widely as a result of the heavy burden of municipal solid waste（MSW） generated, while strong opposition is arising from the public living nearby. A large-scale working incinerati...Large-scale incinerators are applied widely as a result of the heavy burden of municipal solid waste（MSW） generated, while strong opposition is arising from the public living nearby. A large-scale working incineration plant of 1500 ton/day was chosen for evaluation using life cycle assessment. It was found that the corresponding human toxicity impacts via soil（HTs）, human toxicity impacts via water（HTw） and human toxicity impacts via air（HTa）categories are 0.213, 2.171, and 0.012 personal equivalents（PE）, and global warming（GW100）and nutrient enrichment（NE） impacts are 0.002 and 0.001 PE per ton of waste burned for this plant. Heavy metals in flue gas, such as Hg and Pb, are the two dominant contributors to the toxicity impact categories, and energy recovery could reduce the GW100 and NE greatly. The corresponding HTs, HTw and HTa decrease to 0.087, 0.911 and 0.008 PE, and GW100 turns into savings of- 0.007 PE due to the increase of the heating value from 3935 to5811 k J/kg, if a trommel screener of 40 mm mesh size is used to pre-separate MSW. MSW sorting and the reduction of water content by physical pressure might be two promising pre-treatment methods to improve the combustion performance, and the application of stricter standards for leachate discharge and the flue gas purification process are two critical factors for improvement of the environmental profile identified in this work.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveil...Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveillance.Methods All participants were evaluated by the CNBS-R2016 and Gesell Developmental Schedules(GDS).Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Kappa values were obtained.Taking GDS as a reference assessment,the performance of the CNBS-R2016 for detecting the developmental delays of children with ASD was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The efficacy of the CNBS-R2016 to screen for ASD was explored by comparing Communication Warning Behavior with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule,Second Edition(ADOS-2).Results In total,150 children aged 12–42 months with ASD were enrolled.The developmental quotients of the CNBS-R2016 were correlated with those of the GDS(r=0.62–0.94).The CNBS-R2016 and GDS had good diagnostic agreement for developmental delays(Kappa=0.73–0.89),except for Fine Motor.There was a significant difference between the proportions of Fine Motor,delays detected by the CNBS-R2016 and GDS(86.0%vs.77.3%).With GDS as a standard,the areas under the ROC curves of the CNBS-R2016 were above 0.95 for all the domains except Fine Motor,which was 0.70.In addition,the positive rate of ASD was 100.0%and 93.5%when the cut-off points of 7 and 12 in the Communication Warning Behavior subscale were used,respectively.Conclusion The CNBS-R2016 performed well in developmental assessment and screening for children with ASD,especially by Communication Warning Behaviors subscale.Therefore,the CNBS-R2016 is worthy of clinical application in children with ASD in China.展开更多
Objective: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) theory was used to assess the health quality of elderly residents in Southwest China. This was done by using the European Five-Dimensional Health Scale in a compre...Objective: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) theory was used to assess the health quality of elderly residents in Southwest China. This was done by using the European Five-Dimensional Health Scale in a comprehensive manner and by analysing the factors influencing it. The findings will provide new perspectives and ideas for improving the health-related quality of life of the elderly population and enhancing the precise health management of elderly residents. Methods: The response data of 1892 elderly residents in southwestern China were included in the analysis based on the CLHLS data. The factors influencing the occurrence of problems, EQ-VAS scores and health utility values were analysed by logistic regression, multiple linear regression and Tobit regression, respectively. Results: The primary health concerns among the elderly population in the Southwest region were limited ability to perform daily activities and pain or discomfort. These individuals exhibited an EQ-VAS self-assessment score of 66.51 ± 14.87 and a health utility value of 0.87 (0.70, 1.00). Gender, age, regular medical check-ups, exercise habits and the prevalence of chronic diseases are the main influencing factors. Conclusions: The health quality of elderly people in Southwest China needs to be improved, and a comprehensive management strategy can be adopted in terms of lifestyle management, health needs management and disease management to improve the quality of their healthy lives and promote the development of healthy ageing.展开更多
Objective To explore the effects of dermabrasion combined with ReCell on large superficial facial scars caused by burn, trauma and acnes. Methods Nineteen patients with large superficial facial scars were treated b...Objective To explore the effects of dermabrasion combined with ReCell on large superficial facial scars caused by burn, trauma and acnes. Methods Nineteen patients with large superficial facial scars were treated by the same surgeon with dermabrasion combined with ReCell？. According to the etiology, patients were classified into post-burning group （n=5）, post-traumatic group （n=7） and post-acne group （n=7）. Fifteen patients completed the follow-ups, 5 patients in each group. Healing time, complication rate, the preoperative and 18-month-post-operative assessments using Patient Satisfaction Score （PSS）, Vancouver Scar Scale （VSS）, and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale （POSAS） of each group were analyzed to compare the effect of the combined therapy on outcomes.Results The healing time of post-burning group （19.6±4.0 days）, post-traumatic group （15.8±2.6 days）, and post-acne group （11.4±3.1 days） varied remarkably （F=7.701, P=0.007）. The complication rates were 60%, 20%, and 0 respectively. The post-operative POSAS improved significantly in all groups （P〈0.05）, where the most significant improvement was shown in the post-acne group （P〈0.05）. The post-operative PSS and VSS improved only in the post-traumatic group and post-acne group （all P〈0.05）, where the more significant improvement was also shown in the post-acne group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The combined treatment of dermabrasion and ReCell has remarkable effect on acne scars, moderate effect on traumatic scars and is not suggested for burn scars. POSAS should be applied to assess the therapeutic effects of treatments for large irregular scars.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical effect of combined acupuncture and kinesiotherapy on upper cross syndrome(UCS) by a parallel randomized clinical trial.Methods:A total of 45 patients with UCS were recruited from the ...Objective:To observe the clinical effect of combined acupuncture and kinesiotherapy on upper cross syndrome(UCS) by a parallel randomized clinical trial.Methods:A total of 45 patients with UCS were recruited from the outpatients of AcupunctureMoxibustion,Tuina and Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,the students of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and the patients from the nearby communities in accordance with the inclusion criteria.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a combined treatment group(acupuncture plus kinesiotherapy,23 cases) and a simple kinesiotherapy group(22 patients).Treatment for 4 weeks was one course,and two consecutive courses were required.The visual analog scale(VAS) score,the score of the assessment scale for cervical spondylosis,the value of surface electromyography(root mean square,RMS),and the cervical curvature value were used in the evaluation.The allocation scheme was concealed from the outcome assessors.Results:The data from 23 cases of the combined treatment group and 22 cases of the simple kinesiotherapy group were analyzed.Before treatment,the differences were not statistically significant in the general conditions,VAS score,assessment score of cervical spondylosis,cervical curvature value,and RMS in UCS patients between the two groups(all P> 0.05).After treatment,the VAS score was reduced compared with that before treatment in both groups(all P <0.05).In two courses of treatment,the VAS score decreased as compared with that in one course of treatment in both groups(both P <0.05),and the VAS score in the combined treatment group decreased more obviously after each course of treatment(both P <0.05).The RMS decreased compared with that before treatment in each group(both P <0.05),and the decrease in the combined treatment group was more obvious(P <0.05).After treatment of each course,the assessment score was all increased as compared with that before treatment in two groups(all P <0.05).In two courses of treatment,the assessment score was increased as compared with that in one course of treatment in both groups(both P <0.05),and the score in the combined treatment group was increased more obviously in the two courses of treatment(P <0.05).Regarding either the intra-group comparison or the inter-group comparison before and after treatment,the differences were not statistically significant(all P> 0.05),suggesting no obvious improvement of cervical curvature in the two courses of treatment in patients with UCS.However,cervical curvature tended to improve in the combined treatment group.The total effective rate was significantly different between the two groups(P <0.05),indicating that the total effective rate in the combined treatment group was better than that in the simple kinesiotherapy group.No any adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion:Combined treatment with acupuncture,kinesiotherapy,and kinesiotherapy alleviated pain,relieved the symptoms and physical signs,and improved the daily movement of the patients.However,the combined treatment of acupuncture and kinesiotherapy had a much better effect on UCS.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in managing the pain at the puncture site of Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) among children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods: A one-group pre-post q...Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in managing the pain at the puncture site of Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) among children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods: A one-group pre-post quasi-experiment was performed in two HD centers affiliated with Cairo University.The experiment involved 40 children with AVF undergoing HD.Before puncturing,cryotherapy was applied using 2 cm-3 cm pieces of frozen distilled water in a plastic bag.Pain was assessed subjectively and objectively in two dialysis sessions before and after cryotherapy.A part from a physiological assessment of vital signs,pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain and the Observed Pain Behavior rating scales.All research ethics were applied.Results: HD had a median duration of four years,while cryotherapy had a median application time of 8.8 min.The Wong-Baker Faces Pain score and almost all observed pain behaviors significantly decreased after cryotherapy.Significant improvements were observed in respiratory rate before and after needle puncture and in oxygen saturation after needle puncture.A lower skin dryness was observed after cryotherapy (12.5%) than before cryotherapy (52.5%;p < 0.001).Conclusions: Cryotherapy can effectively reduce the venipuncture pain among children with AVF undergoing maintenance HD.However,the confounding effects of distraction and the non-randomized design used must be both considered when interpreting the findings.This study recommends the use of cryotherapy in managing needle puncture pain.Further research must adopt a randomized trial design with a placebo to support further the benefits of this procedure.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the changes in fundus parameters in patients with Alzheimer’s type dementia(ATD)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),to record flash electroretinograms(ERG)using the RETeval system and...AIM:To evaluate the changes in fundus parameters in patients with Alzheimer’s type dementia(ATD)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),to record flash electroretinograms(ERG)using the RETeval system and to explore changes in retinal function.METHODS:Twenty-nine patients with ATD and 26 age-matched normal subjects were enrolled.All subjects underwent OCTA scans to analyse the superficial retinal vessel parameters in the macular area,including the vessel length density,the vessel perfusion density and the area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ),as well as the choroidal thickness.The differences between the patients with ATD and the normal control group were compared and explored the relevant factors affecting vessel parameters.We also recorded the flash ERGs using the RETeval system and intended to explore changes in retinal function by analysing the ERG image amplitude in patients with ATD.RESULTS:The vessel parameters[Pvessel length density=0.005 and Pvessel perfusion density=0.006]and average choroid thickness(P<0.001)in the macular area of the ATD group was less than the control group.The FAZ area was statistically significantly enlarged in the ATD group(P<0.001).These parameters were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)score and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).CONCLUSION:Patients with ATD exhibit decreases in the parameters associated with fundus.In addition,these indicators significantly correlate with the MMSE score and the MoCA score.OCTA may be an adjunct tool with strong potential to track changes in the diagnosis and monitoring the progression of the disease.展开更多
Patients with mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack were included in this study. They were treated with Yizhi Xingnao prescription, ergoloid mesylates or aspirin for 60 days. Evaluation using the...Patients with mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack were included in this study. They were treated with Yizhi Xingnao prescription, ergoloid mesylates or aspirin for 60 days. Evaluation using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale showed that cognitive function was significantly improved in all patients, especially after the combined treatment of Yizhi Xingnao and aspirin. The scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were improved overall and the effective treatment rate was as high as 79%, which was higher than patients treated with a combination of ergoloid mesylates and aspirin, or aspirin alone. Our experimental findings indicate that YizhiXingnao prescription can improve mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack, and that it is more effective than ergoloid mesylates.展开更多
文摘Objective:To translate and adapt the dementia knowledge assessment scale(DKAS)into Sinhala version and to evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing students.Methods:A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in two phases:(i)translation and adaptation and(ii)evaluating psychometric properties(N=394 nursing students).Results:The DKAS was adapted to the Sinhala(Si-DKAS)version,and the content validity index(CVI=0.9)was satisfactory.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)resulted in an 18-item Si-DKAS with a four-factor model:“care considerations,”“causes and characteristics of dementia,”“health promotion,”and“misconceptions about dementia.”The model fit indices were suboptimal(comparative fix index[CFI]=0.809 and Turker-Lewis index[TLI]=0.773),and some indices were acceptable(standardized root-mean-squared residual[SRMR]=0.040 and root-mean-squared error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.053).Internal consistency(0.7)and test-retest correlation(0.9)were acceptable.Discriminant validity was confirmed by knowledge score differences based on academic years.Conclusions:This is a valid and reliable tool for assessing knowledge of dementia among Sinhala-speaking nursing students.
文摘Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
基金funded by the College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province(No.S202110366047)the College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Medical University(No.AYDDCxj2022008&AYDDCxj2020078).
文摘Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of o.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO0 value was 0.820(P<0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974%.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x^(2)=1417.656,x^(2)/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnessof-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x^(2)/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in perioperative patients with liver cancer.Methods:A total of 128 hepatocellular cancer(HCC)patients who were hospitalized in our department from January 2021 to March 2022 and met the research criteria were selected.According to odd and even numbers in the order of inclusion,64 cases were divided into two groups:a control group and an observation group.The control group received routine nursing intervention during perioperative period,while the observation group received nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for VTE.The incidence of VTE and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of VTE and postoperative complications in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for VTE can reduce the incidence of perioperative deep vein thrombosis and complications in patients with liver cancer;thus,it is worthy of clinical application.
文摘BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in high-risk breast cancer. However, no universally accepted guidelines exist on pre-chemotherapy assessment. In particular, the number and frequency of medical visits vary according to each institution’s policy. We hypothesised that the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale(ESAS) may have a favourable impact on the pre-treatment assessment in candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.AIM To investigate whether the ESAS can be used to safely reduce the number of medical visits in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS In a retrospectively prospective matched-pair analysis, 100 patients who completed the ESAS questionnaire before administration of adjuvant chemotherapy(ESAS Group) were compared with 100 patients who underwent chemotherapy according to the traditional modality, without ESAS(no-ESAS Group). Patients of the ESAS Group received additional visits before treatment if their ESAS score was > 3. The primary endpoint was the total number of medical visits during the entire duration of the chemotherapy period. The secondary endpoints were the occurrence of severe complications(grade 3-4) and the number of unplanned visits during the chemotherapy period.RESULTS The study variables did not statistically differ between patients of the ESAS Group and no-ESAS Group(age P = 0.880;breast cancer stage P = 0.56;cancer histology P = 0.415;tumour size P = 0.258;lymph node status P = 0.883;immunohistochemical classification P = 0.754;type of surgery P = 0.157), except for premenopausal status(P = 0.015). The study variables did not statistically differ between patients of the ESAS Group and no-ESAS Group regarding age, cancer stage, histology, tumour size, lymph node status, immunohistochemical classification, and type of surgery. Unplanned visits during the entire duration of chemotherapy were 8 in the ESAS Group and 18 in the no-ESAS Group visits(P = 0.035). Grade 3-4 toxicity did not differ between the study groups(P = 0.652). Forty-eight patients of the ESAS Group received additional visits due to an ESAS score > 3. The mean number of medical visits was 4.38 ± 0.51 in the ESAS Group and 16.18 ± 1.82 in the no-ESAS group(P < 0.001). With multivariate analysis, women of the ESAS group were more likely to undergo additional visits for an ESAS score > 3 if they were aged 60 or older, received a mastectomy, or had tumour stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ.CONCLUSION The ESAS score may safely reduce the number of medical visits in candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Our results suggest that the ESAS score may be used for selecting a group of breast cancer patients for whom it is safe to reduce the number of medical visits in the setting of adjuvant chemotherapy. This may translate into several advantages, such as a more rational utilization of human resources and a possible reduction of coronavirus pandemic infection risk in oncologic patients.
基金Introduce Talent Foundation of Wenzhou University(135010120719)College Students Innovative Entrepreneurial Training of Wenzhou University(JWSC2019023).
文摘In this study,an assessment scale for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers was constructed based on primary trait analysis.This assessment scale contains three first-level indexes and eleven second-level indexes.The corresponding weights of indexes were determined by the objective weighting method.The scores of all the descriptions of the indexes were also assigned.After a trial test,this assessment scale was verified to be reliable and valid for evaluating the experimental design ability of elementary science teachers.
文摘Neonatal pain is a problem that is easily overlooked.According to the status quo of neonatal pain management,commonly 9 scales are used for evaluation of neonatal pain;details of the specific indicators,such as the applicable neonatal gestational age range,score,and the type of pain,for the domestic references are provided so as to provide reference for the proper evaluation and standardized management of neonatal pain,as well as to promote the management level of neonatal pain.
文摘BACKGROUND Atypical depression is an important indicator of a high risk of bipolar disorder and a genetic predisposition to immunometabolic traits.AIM To analyze common depression assessment scales for their inclusion of items related to atypical symptoms such as mood reactivity,hypersomnia,increased appetite(or weight gain),leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.METHODS A search for English-language articles was conducted without time restrictions in the MEDLINE and Russian Science Citation Index databases using the following keywords:“depression”OR“bipolar depression”AND“scales”OR“questionnaires”.The analytical method used in this review involved a descriptive analysis of the included studies.RESULTS After reviewing studies on the validation of depression assessment scales,we found that only a small number include items addressing both increases and decreases in appetite or weight,as well as variations in sleep duration.Moreover,only a few studies have evaluated mood reactivity,leaden paralysis,and interpersonal sensitivity.The most well-developed scale that considers all aspects of atypical and non-atypical depressions is the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.CONCLUSION Ignoring atypical symptoms in common scales can lead to underestimation of depression severity and inaccuracies in evaluating therapy effectiveness in clinical trials, as well as hinder fundamental research aimed at finding biomarkers.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY21H170002)the Graduate Scientific Research Foundation of Hangzhou Dianzi University(No.CXJJ2020047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31401008)。
文摘Stroke has a high incidence and disability rate, and rehabilitation is an effective means to reduce the disability rate of patients. To systematize rehabilitation assessment, which is the foundation for rehabilitation therapy, we summarize the assessment methods commonly used in research and clinical applications, including the various types of stroke rehabilitation scales and their applicability, and related biomedical detection technologies, including surface electromyography(sEMG),motion analysis systems, transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and combinations of different techniques. We also introduce some assessment techniques that are still in the experimental phase, such as the prospective application of artificial intelligence(AI) with optical correlation tomography(OCT) in stroke rehabilitation. This review provides a useful bibliography for the assessment of not only the severity of stroke injury, but also the therapeutic effects of stroke rehabilitation, and establishes a solid base for the future development of stroke rehabilitation skills.
文摘This paper describes the de？nition of venous thromboembolism and introduces to personalized venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools overseas. Thoughts are given on the development, amendment,application and validation of these tools. The paper provides a reference for building personalized venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools in China.
基金Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology under Grant No.2013-005944
文摘In this study, the seismic fragility curves of two reinforced concrete（RC） columns that were lap-spliced at the bottom and retrofitted with steel wrapping jackets were generated. Their seismic performance was probabilistically assessed in comparison to that of lap-spliced or continuous reinforcement RC columns. This study used two types of steel wrapping jackets, a full jacket and a split jacket. Analytical models of the four types of columns were developed based on the experimental results of the columns using Open SEES, which is effective in conducting nonlinear time history analyses. A suite of ten artificial ground motions, modified from recorded ground motions, was used to perform nonlinear time history analyses of the analytical models with scaling of the peak ground acceleration from 0.1 g to 1.0 g in increments of 0.1 g. The steel wrapping jackets did not increase the medians for yield（slight damage state） of the lap-spiced column and did not exceed the corresponding median of the continuous reinforcement column. However, the two steel jackets increased the medians for failure by 1.872 and 2.017 times, respectively, and exceeded the corresponding median of the continuous reinforcement column by 11.8% and 20.5%, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41173108, 51278350)the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (2010), Shanghai Rising-Star Program (14QA1402400)+1 种基金Key project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 13DZ0511600)National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2014BAL02B03-4)
文摘Large-scale incinerators are applied widely as a result of the heavy burden of municipal solid waste（MSW） generated, while strong opposition is arising from the public living nearby. A large-scale working incineration plant of 1500 ton/day was chosen for evaluation using life cycle assessment. It was found that the corresponding human toxicity impacts via soil（HTs）, human toxicity impacts via water（HTw） and human toxicity impacts via air（HTa）categories are 0.213, 2.171, and 0.012 personal equivalents（PE）, and global warming（GW100）and nutrient enrichment（NE） impacts are 0.002 and 0.001 PE per ton of waste burned for this plant. Heavy metals in flue gas, such as Hg and Pb, are the two dominant contributors to the toxicity impact categories, and energy recovery could reduce the GW100 and NE greatly. The corresponding HTs, HTw and HTa decrease to 0.087, 0.911 and 0.008 PE, and GW100 turns into savings of- 0.007 PE due to the increase of the heating value from 3935 to5811 k J/kg, if a trommel screener of 40 mm mesh size is used to pre-separate MSW. MSW sorting and the reduction of water content by physical pressure might be two promising pre-treatment methods to improve the combustion performance, and the application of stricter standards for leachate discharge and the flue gas purification process are two critical factors for improvement of the environmental profile identified in this work.
基金This study was supported by Emergency Technology Research Project of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2020kfyXGYJ020).
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveillance.Methods All participants were evaluated by the CNBS-R2016 and Gesell Developmental Schedules(GDS).Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Kappa values were obtained.Taking GDS as a reference assessment,the performance of the CNBS-R2016 for detecting the developmental delays of children with ASD was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The efficacy of the CNBS-R2016 to screen for ASD was explored by comparing Communication Warning Behavior with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule,Second Edition(ADOS-2).Results In total,150 children aged 12–42 months with ASD were enrolled.The developmental quotients of the CNBS-R2016 were correlated with those of the GDS(r=0.62–0.94).The CNBS-R2016 and GDS had good diagnostic agreement for developmental delays(Kappa=0.73–0.89),except for Fine Motor.There was a significant difference between the proportions of Fine Motor,delays detected by the CNBS-R2016 and GDS(86.0%vs.77.3%).With GDS as a standard,the areas under the ROC curves of the CNBS-R2016 were above 0.95 for all the domains except Fine Motor,which was 0.70.In addition,the positive rate of ASD was 100.0%and 93.5%when the cut-off points of 7 and 12 in the Communication Warning Behavior subscale were used,respectively.Conclusion The CNBS-R2016 performed well in developmental assessment and screening for children with ASD,especially by Communication Warning Behaviors subscale.Therefore,the CNBS-R2016 is worthy of clinical application in children with ASD in China.
文摘Objective: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) theory was used to assess the health quality of elderly residents in Southwest China. This was done by using the European Five-Dimensional Health Scale in a comprehensive manner and by analysing the factors influencing it. The findings will provide new perspectives and ideas for improving the health-related quality of life of the elderly population and enhancing the precise health management of elderly residents. Methods: The response data of 1892 elderly residents in southwestern China were included in the analysis based on the CLHLS data. The factors influencing the occurrence of problems, EQ-VAS scores and health utility values were analysed by logistic regression, multiple linear regression and Tobit regression, respectively. Results: The primary health concerns among the elderly population in the Southwest region were limited ability to perform daily activities and pain or discomfort. These individuals exhibited an EQ-VAS self-assessment score of 66.51 ± 14.87 and a health utility value of 0.87 (0.70, 1.00). Gender, age, regular medical check-ups, exercise habits and the prevalence of chronic diseases are the main influencing factors. Conclusions: The health quality of elderly people in Southwest China needs to be improved, and a comprehensive management strategy can be adopted in terms of lifestyle management, health needs management and disease management to improve the quality of their healthy lives and promote the development of healthy ageing.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81372063)
文摘Objective To explore the effects of dermabrasion combined with ReCell on large superficial facial scars caused by burn, trauma and acnes. Methods Nineteen patients with large superficial facial scars were treated by the same surgeon with dermabrasion combined with ReCell？. According to the etiology, patients were classified into post-burning group （n=5）, post-traumatic group （n=7） and post-acne group （n=7）. Fifteen patients completed the follow-ups, 5 patients in each group. Healing time, complication rate, the preoperative and 18-month-post-operative assessments using Patient Satisfaction Score （PSS）, Vancouver Scar Scale （VSS）, and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale （POSAS） of each group were analyzed to compare the effect of the combined therapy on outcomes.Results The healing time of post-burning group （19.6±4.0 days）, post-traumatic group （15.8±2.6 days）, and post-acne group （11.4±3.1 days） varied remarkably （F=7.701, P=0.007）. The complication rates were 60%, 20%, and 0 respectively. The post-operative POSAS improved significantly in all groups （P〈0.05）, where the most significant improvement was shown in the post-acne group （P〈0.05）. The post-operative PSS and VSS improved only in the post-traumatic group and post-acne group （all P〈0.05）, where the more significant improvement was also shown in the post-acne group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The combined treatment of dermabrasion and ReCell has remarkable effect on acne scars, moderate effect on traumatic scars and is not suggested for burn scars. POSAS should be applied to assess the therapeutic effects of treatments for large irregular scars.
基金Supported by Leading Talents Training Program of Hunan Province High-Level Health Talents 225 Project (Hunan Health-20N9-N9S)。
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical effect of combined acupuncture and kinesiotherapy on upper cross syndrome(UCS) by a parallel randomized clinical trial.Methods:A total of 45 patients with UCS were recruited from the outpatients of AcupunctureMoxibustion,Tuina and Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,the students of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and the patients from the nearby communities in accordance with the inclusion criteria.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a combined treatment group(acupuncture plus kinesiotherapy,23 cases) and a simple kinesiotherapy group(22 patients).Treatment for 4 weeks was one course,and two consecutive courses were required.The visual analog scale(VAS) score,the score of the assessment scale for cervical spondylosis,the value of surface electromyography(root mean square,RMS),and the cervical curvature value were used in the evaluation.The allocation scheme was concealed from the outcome assessors.Results:The data from 23 cases of the combined treatment group and 22 cases of the simple kinesiotherapy group were analyzed.Before treatment,the differences were not statistically significant in the general conditions,VAS score,assessment score of cervical spondylosis,cervical curvature value,and RMS in UCS patients between the two groups(all P> 0.05).After treatment,the VAS score was reduced compared with that before treatment in both groups(all P <0.05).In two courses of treatment,the VAS score decreased as compared with that in one course of treatment in both groups(both P <0.05),and the VAS score in the combined treatment group decreased more obviously after each course of treatment(both P <0.05).The RMS decreased compared with that before treatment in each group(both P <0.05),and the decrease in the combined treatment group was more obvious(P <0.05).After treatment of each course,the assessment score was all increased as compared with that before treatment in two groups(all P <0.05).In two courses of treatment,the assessment score was increased as compared with that in one course of treatment in both groups(both P <0.05),and the score in the combined treatment group was increased more obviously in the two courses of treatment(P <0.05).Regarding either the intra-group comparison or the inter-group comparison before and after treatment,the differences were not statistically significant(all P> 0.05),suggesting no obvious improvement of cervical curvature in the two courses of treatment in patients with UCS.However,cervical curvature tended to improve in the combined treatment group.The total effective rate was significantly different between the two groups(P <0.05),indicating that the total effective rate in the combined treatment group was better than that in the simple kinesiotherapy group.No any adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion:Combined treatment with acupuncture,kinesiotherapy,and kinesiotherapy alleviated pain,relieved the symptoms and physical signs,and improved the daily movement of the patients.However,the combined treatment of acupuncture and kinesiotherapy had a much better effect on UCS.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in managing the pain at the puncture site of Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) among children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods: A one-group pre-post quasi-experiment was performed in two HD centers affiliated with Cairo University.The experiment involved 40 children with AVF undergoing HD.Before puncturing,cryotherapy was applied using 2 cm-3 cm pieces of frozen distilled water in a plastic bag.Pain was assessed subjectively and objectively in two dialysis sessions before and after cryotherapy.A part from a physiological assessment of vital signs,pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain and the Observed Pain Behavior rating scales.All research ethics were applied.Results: HD had a median duration of four years,while cryotherapy had a median application time of 8.8 min.The Wong-Baker Faces Pain score and almost all observed pain behaviors significantly decreased after cryotherapy.Significant improvements were observed in respiratory rate before and after needle puncture and in oxygen saturation after needle puncture.A lower skin dryness was observed after cryotherapy (12.5%) than before cryotherapy (52.5%;p < 0.001).Conclusions: Cryotherapy can effectively reduce the venipuncture pain among children with AVF undergoing maintenance HD.However,the confounding effects of distraction and the non-randomized design used must be both considered when interpreting the findings.This study recommends the use of cryotherapy in managing needle puncture pain.Further research must adopt a randomized trial design with a placebo to support further the benefits of this procedure.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the changes in fundus parameters in patients with Alzheimer’s type dementia(ATD)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),to record flash electroretinograms(ERG)using the RETeval system and to explore changes in retinal function.METHODS:Twenty-nine patients with ATD and 26 age-matched normal subjects were enrolled.All subjects underwent OCTA scans to analyse the superficial retinal vessel parameters in the macular area,including the vessel length density,the vessel perfusion density and the area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ),as well as the choroidal thickness.The differences between the patients with ATD and the normal control group were compared and explored the relevant factors affecting vessel parameters.We also recorded the flash ERGs using the RETeval system and intended to explore changes in retinal function by analysing the ERG image amplitude in patients with ATD.RESULTS:The vessel parameters[Pvessel length density=0.005 and Pvessel perfusion density=0.006]and average choroid thickness(P<0.001)in the macular area of the ATD group was less than the control group.The FAZ area was statistically significantly enlarged in the ATD group(P<0.001).These parameters were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)score and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).CONCLUSION:Patients with ATD exhibit decreases in the parameters associated with fundus.In addition,these indicators significantly correlate with the MMSE score and the MoCA score.OCTA may be an adjunct tool with strong potential to track changes in the diagnosis and monitoring the progression of the disease.
基金sponsored by Jiangsu Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. LB09090
文摘Patients with mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack were included in this study. They were treated with Yizhi Xingnao prescription, ergoloid mesylates or aspirin for 60 days. Evaluation using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale showed that cognitive function was significantly improved in all patients, especially after the combined treatment of Yizhi Xingnao and aspirin. The scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale were improved overall and the effective treatment rate was as high as 79%, which was higher than patients treated with a combination of ergoloid mesylates and aspirin, or aspirin alone. Our experimental findings indicate that YizhiXingnao prescription can improve mild cognitive impairment after a transient ischemic attack, and that it is more effective than ergoloid mesylates.
