If one considers the number of language learners that are worldwide,the number of classroom-based language assessments(CBLAs)that are given each year,and the number of decisions that are made on the basis of these,it ...If one considers the number of language learners that are worldwide,the number of classroom-based language assessments(CBLAs)that are given each year,and the number of decisions that are made on the basis of these,it is obvious that in terms of sheer numbers,more students are affected by CBLAs per year than by those based on large-scale language assessments.Because of this,it is essential that classroom teachers have the knowledge,skills,and tools to enable them to develop and use CBLAs that they can justify to stakeholders,e.g.,students,parents,and school authorities.In this paper we describe the approach to CBLAs that we have developed.First,we discuss the role of assessment in teaching and learning,the kinds of decisions that classroom teachers need to make,and the different modes of CBLAs.We then describe the process of using CBLAs to help teachers make decisions that will have beneficial consequences.Next,we discuss fairness and accountability in assessment and the process of assessment justification,including an assessment use argument.Finally,we discuss the process of developing CBLAs,using an example of a classroom-based language assessment to illustrate this.展开更多
Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai C...Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.展开更多
This study compares the environmental sustainability of five alternatives for the remediation of marine sediments of one of the most polluted coastal sites in Europe(Bagnoli-Coroglio bay,Mediterranean Sea),using the L...This study compares the environmental sustainability of five alternatives for the remediation of marine sediments of one of the most polluted coastal sites in Europe(Bagnoli-Coroglio bay,Mediterranean Sea),using the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology.The treatments are either in-situ or exsitu,the latter requiring an initial dredging to transport the contaminated sediments to the management site.More in detail,four ex-situ remediation technologies based on landfilling,bioremediation,electrokinetic technique and soil washing were identified.These technologies are compared to an in-situ strategy currently under validation for enhancing bioremediation of the polluted sediments of the Bagnoli-Coroglio site.Our results indicate that the disposal in landfilling site is the worst option in most categories(e.g.,650 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment,considering the nearest landfilling site),followed by the bioremediation,mainly due to the high energy demand.Electrokinetic remediation,soil washing,and innovative in-situ technology represent the most sustainable options.In particular,the new in-situ technology appears to be the least impacting in all categories(e.g.,54 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment),although it is expected to require longer treatment time(estimated up to 12 months based on its potential efficiency).It can reduce the impact on climate change more than 12 times compared to the disposal and 7 times compared to bioremediation in addition to the possibility to avoid/reduce the dredging operations and the consequent dispersion of pollutants.The results open relevant perspectives towards more eco-sustainable and costly effective actions for the reclamation of contaminated marine sediments.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in a...Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in alpine mountains with climate change.Hence,94 samples of river water were collected from 2018 to 2020 in the headwaters of the Shule River Basin to assess the nutrients spatiotemporal distribution and combined ap-proach of water quality index to assess water quality and potential sources.The findings depict that high nutrient concentrations were found to coincide with snowmelt and glacial meltwater and rainfall recharge periods,while total flux peaked from June to September due to increased runoff.Notably,total nitrogen(TN)concentrations were significantly higher near the town,primarily attributed to the replenishment of nitrate(NO_(3)^(‒)-N)from live-stock manure.The high total P(TP)was near the glacier,which was attributed to the transportation of glacial sediments into the river,and pH was another critical factor.N was the primary nutrient limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in river water.Although the migration and transport of nutrients have altered with climate change,river water quality is good in alpine mountains based on an overall evaluation.These findings contribute to enriching nutrient datasets and highlight the importance of water resource management and water quality assessment in sensitive and fragile alpine mountains.展开更多
Despite the widespread presence and frequent detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in various aspects of life,there is limited research on their exposure levels in pregnant women and cumulative exposure f...Despite the widespread presence and frequent detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in various aspects of life,there is limited research on their exposure levels in pregnant women and cumulative exposure from the living environment.This study included 1311 women in late pregnancy from the Zunyi birth cohort and measured the urinary concentrations of 10 hydroxylated PAH metabolites(OH-PAHs).Risk assessment was conducted based on the estimated daily intake to calculate the hazard quotient and hazard index(HI).A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between creatinine-adjusted OH-PAHs concentrations and living environment and lifestyle factors,while principal component analysis was applied to trace the sources of PAHs exposure.1-OHPYR was detected in all participants’urine,with naphthalene metabolites having the highest concentrations among creatinine-adjusted PAHs.OH-PAHs concentrations were associated with housing type,room number,cooking frequency,household size,exercise frequency,fuel type,distance from main road,and drinking water source.Pregnant women using traditional fuels and living in bungalows had higher health risks than those using clean energy and living in buildings.Those living within 100 m of a main road had higher HI than those farther away.Coal combustion was identified as the primary source of PAHs exposure.The study emphasizes the importance of reducing PAHs exposure,especially for pregnant women living in polluted environments.It recommends public health interventions such as improving indoor ventilation and providing clean energy to reduce related health risks.展开更多
Background There is scarce data about comparisons between geriatric assessment tools in patients with aortic stenosis(AS).We aimed to describe the geriatric profile of patients with AS undergoing transcatheter aortic ...Background There is scarce data about comparisons between geriatric assessment tools in patients with aortic stenosis(AS).We aimed to describe the geriatric profile of patients with AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)and to analyze the ability of different tools for predicting clinical outcomes in this context.Methods This was a single center retrospective registry including patients with AS undergoing TAVI and surviving to hospital discharge.The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or need for urgent readmission one year after TAVI.Results A total of 377 patients were included(mean age of 80.4 years).Most patients were independent or mildly dependent,with an optimal cognitive status.The proportion of frailty ranged from 17.6%to 49.8%.A total of 20 patients(5.3%)died and 110/377 patients(29.2%)died or were readmitted during follow up.Overall,most components of the geriatric assessment showed an association with clinical outcomes.Disability for instrumental activities showed a significant association with mortality and a strong association with the rate of mortality or readmission.The association between frailty and clinical outcomes was higher for short physical performance battery(SPPB),essential frailty toolset(EFT)and the frailty index based on comprehensive geriatric assessment(IF-VIG)and lower for Fried criteria and FRAIL scale.Conclusions AS patients from this series presented a good physical performance,optimal cognitive status and a reasonably low prevalence of frailty.The best predictive ability was observed for disability for instrumental activities and frailty as measured by the EFT,SPPB and the IF-VIG.展开更多
INTRODUCTION On March 28,2025,at 06:20:52 UTC,a shallow,magnitude M_(w)7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar(Burma)with an epicenter near the major city of Mandalay.This event,the strongest seismic activity recorded in Myanma...INTRODUCTION On March 28,2025,at 06:20:52 UTC,a shallow,magnitude M_(w)7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar(Burma)with an epicenter near the major city of Mandalay.This event,the strongest seismic activity recorded in Myanmar since 1950,generated intense shaking across much of the country,extended into regions of Thailand,and was felt in China's Yunnan and Guangxi provinces.展开更多
Erratum to:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0187-4 The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake.The presentation in Page2384 was incorrect.The corrected one is gi...Erratum to:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0187-4 The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake.The presentation in Page2384 was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.The NTL loss ratio(Figure 4a)was calculated as the variation between pre-earthquake(March 27)and post-earthquake(March 28)radiance values in cloud-free areas.展开更多
Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic...Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.展开更多
Background Non-invasive computed tomography angiography(CTA)-based fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR)could become a gatekeeper to invasive coronary angiography.Deep learning(DL)-based CT-FFR has shown promise when compar...Background Non-invasive computed tomography angiography(CTA)-based fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR)could become a gatekeeper to invasive coronary angiography.Deep learning(DL)-based CT-FFR has shown promise when compared to invasive FFR.To evaluate the performance of a DL-based CT-FFR technique,DeepVessel FFR(DVFFR).Methods This retrospective study was designed for iScheMia Assessment based on a Retrospective,single-center Trial of CTFFR(SMART).Patients suspected of stable coronary artery disease(CAD)and undergoing both CTA and invasive FFR examinations were consecutively selected from the Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1,2016 to December 30,2018.FFR obtained during invasive coronary angiography was used as the reference standard.DVFFR was calculated blindly using a DL-based CTFFR approach that utilized the complete tree structure of the coronary arteries.Results Three hundred and thirty nine patients(60.5±10.0 years and 209 men)and 414 vessels with direct invasive FFR were included in the analysis.At per-vessel level,sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)of DVFFR were 94.7%,88.6%,90.8%,82.7%,and 96.7%,respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)was 0.95 for DVFFR and 0.56 for CTA-based assessment with a significant difference(P<0.0001).At patient level,sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,PPV and NPV of DVFFR were 93.8%,88.0%,90.3%,83.0%,and 95.8%,respectively.The computation for DVFFR was fast with the average time of 22.5±1.9 s.Conclusions The results demonstrate that DVFFR was able to evaluate lesion hemodynamic significance accurately and effectively with improved diagnostic performance over CTA alone.Coronary artery disease(CAD)is a critical disease in which coronary artery luminal narrowing may result in myocardial ischemia.Early and effective assessment of myocardial ischemia is essential for optimal treatment planning so as to improve the quality of life and reduce medical costs.展开更多
This paper deeply analyzes the characteristics of core courses of the traffic engineering specialty and the problems existing in traditional assessment methods,and proposes a series of reform measures for the assessme...This paper deeply analyzes the characteristics of core courses of the traffic engineering specialty and the problems existing in traditional assessment methods,and proposes a series of reform measures for the assessment methods of core courses of the traffic engineering specialty.By introducing diversified assessment methods,focusing on process assessment,and strengthening the assessment of practical abilities,the aim is to improve students’learning enthusiasm and initiative,and cultivate students’innovation ability and practical ability to meet the needs of traffic engineering professionals in the new era.展开更多
This paper presents a techno-economic assessment(TEA)combined with an environmental life cycle assessment(LCA)of various hydrogen delivery options within Europe,aiming to identify the most sustainable and costeffectiv...This paper presents a techno-economic assessment(TEA)combined with an environmental life cycle assessment(LCA)of various hydrogen delivery options within Europe,aiming to identify the most sustainable and costeffective methods for transporting renewable hydrogen.Five hydrogen carriers—compressed hydrogen,liquid hydrogen,ammonia,methanol,and a liquid organic hydrogen carrier—are compared,assuming that hydrogen is produced via renewable electrolysis in Portugal and transported to the Netherlands by either ship or pipeline.The findings align with much of the existing literature,indicating that the most economically and environmentally sustainable options for longdistance hydrogen delivery are shipping liquid hydrogen and transporting compressed hydrogen via pipeline.Chemical carriers tend to involve higher costs and environmental impacts,largely due to the additional energy and materials(e.g.,extra solar panels)required in hydrogen conversion steps(i.e.,packing and unpacking).While the findings offer valuable insights for policymakers,further research is needed to address the limitations of multi-criteria assessments for emerging hydrogen technologies,particularly the uncertainties associated with the early development stages of processes along the hydrogen value chain.Future research should also focus on extending the scope of sustainability assessments and enhancing model reliability,especially for underrepresented environmental and social impact categories.展开更多
This study examines the empirical feasibility of quantitatively integrating environmental value information into Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA).An analytical framework was established to incorporate environme...This study examines the empirical feasibility of quantitatively integrating environmental value information into Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA).An analytical framework was established to incorporate environmental cost estimates into the SEA process by utilizing ecosystem service unit values provided by the Environmental Valuation Information System(EVIS),a national platform developed to support the evaluation of policies and projects.The framework was applied to a case study involving a multipurpose rural water development project in South Korea.Ecosystem service losses resulting from the project were quantified using biophysical indicators,such as vegetation biomass,forest area,and hydrological functions,and subsequently monetized through the application of the market price method,replacement cost method,and contingent valuation method.The total annual environmental cost was estimated to be approximately KRW 56.18 billion,with the majority attributable to losses in forest conservation and climate regulation services.These findings demonstrate that quantified environmental data can serve as a robust basis for alternative comparison and site evaluation within SEA.The study provides empirical evidence supporting the advancement of SEA from a predominantly procedural tool focused on environmental protection to a more comprehensive sustainability assessment framework that integrates environmental,economic,and social considerations.Furthermore,the results suggest that EVIS-based quantitative information holds potential for broader application in other national evaluation systems,such as preliminary feasibility studies and regulatory impact assessments.展开更多
The article“Techno-economic and life-cycle assessment comparisons of hydrogen delivery options”written by Alessandro Arrigoni,Tatiana D’Agostini,Francesco Dolci,and Eveline Weidner,was originally published electron...The article“Techno-economic and life-cycle assessment comparisons of hydrogen delivery options”written by Alessandro Arrigoni,Tatiana D’Agostini,Francesco Dolci,and Eveline Weidner,was originally published electronically under a subscription model.展开更多
Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remedi...Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.展开更多
Mine environmental evaluation is the key to mine environmental study. On the basis of the characteristics of the mine environmental problems, they are classified into （1） three wastes problem, （2） ground distortio...Mine environmental evaluation is the key to mine environmental study. On the basis of the characteristics of the mine environmental problems, they are classified into （1） three wastes problem, （2） ground distortion, （3） contradiction among mine drainage, water supply, ecological environment, （4） desertification, and （5） soil erosion. The evaluation is the basis of mine environmental problem classification and investigation, mine environmental rehabilitation, and the information system constructed can be used for subsequent research of evaluation techniques. A synthetic assessment of the 5 kinds of mine environmental problems can be divided into single-factor or multi-factor synthetic assessments; while by the viewpoint of time, the mine environmental assessment can be classified as the historical assessment, the current status assessment and the forecasting assessment.展开更多
Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries,due to the abundant Na resources and low cost.Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy densit...Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries,due to the abundant Na resources and low cost.Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy density and electrochemical performance to enable it comparable to Li-ion batteries,without considering thermal hazard of Na-ion batteries and comparison with Li-ion batteries.To address this issue,our work comprehensively compares commercial prismatic lithium iron phosphate(LFP) battery,lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide(NCM523) battery and Na-ion battery of the same size from thermal hazard perspective using Accelerating Rate Calorimeter.The thermal hazard of the three cells is then qualitatively assessed from thermal stability,early warning and thermal runaway severity perspectives by integrating eight characteristic parameters.The Na-ion cell displays comparable thermal stability with LFP while LFP exhibits the lowest thermal runaway hazard and severity.However,the Na-ion cell displays the lowest safety venting temperature and the longest time interval between safety venting and thermal runaway,allowing the generated gas to be released as early as possible and detected in a timely manner,providing sufficient time for early warning.Finally,a database of thermal runaway characteristic temperature for Li-ion and Na-ion cells is collected and processed to delineate four thermal hazard levels for quantitative assessment.Overall,LFP cells exhibit the lowest thermal hazard,followed by the Na-ion cells and NCM523 cells.This work clarifies the thermal hazard discrepancy between the Na-ion cell and prevalent Li-ion cells,providing crucial guidance for development and application of Na-ion cell.展开更多
Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,...Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,hazard quotient assessment,and geochemical analyses,such as mineral saturation index,ionic activities,and Gibbs diagrams,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics,causes,and noncarcinogenic risks of fluoride in Red bed groundwater and geothermal water in the Guang'an area and neighboring regions.Approximately 9%of the Red bed groundwater samples contain fluoride concentrations exceeding 1 mg·L^(-1).The predominant water types identified are Cl-Na and HCO_(3)-Na,primarily influenced by evapotranspiration.Low-fluoride groundwater and high-fluoride geothermal water exhibit distinct hydrochemical types HCO_(3)-Ca and SO_(4)-Ca,respectively,which are mainly related to the weathering of carbonate,sulfate,and fluorite-containing rocks.Correlation analysis reveals that fluoride content in Red bed groundwater is positively associated with Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and TDS(r^(2)=0.45-0.64,p<0.01),while in geothermal water,it correlates strongly with pH,K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)(r^(2)=0.52-0.80,p<0.05).Mineral saturation indices and ionic activities indicate that ion exchange processes and the dissolution of minerals such as carbonatite and fluorite are important sources of fluoride in groundwater.The enrichment of fluorine in the Red bed groundwater is linked to evaporation,cation exchange and dissolution of fluorite,caused by the lithologic characteristics of the red bed in this area.However,it exhibits minimal correlation with the geothermal water in the adjacent area.The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment indicates that 7%(n=5)of Red bed groundwater points exceed the fluoride safety limit for adults,while 12%(n=8)exceed the limit for children.These findings underscore the importance of avoiding highly fluoridated red bed groundwater as a direct drinking source and enhancing groundwater monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with elevated fluoride levels.展开更多
Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment o...Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from124.5 to 836.5 ng/L,with Dimethyl phthalate(DMP)(75.4±102.7 ng/L)and Diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP)(263.4±103.1 ng/L)emerging as the predominant types.Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream(512.9±202.1 ng/L)>midstream(344.5±135.3 ng/L)>downstream(177.8±46.7 ng/L).In the Yangtze River,the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L,with DMP(46.1±23.4 ng/L),Diethyl phthalate(DEP)(93.3±45.2 ng/L),and DiBP(174.2±67.6 ng/L)as the primary components.Concentration levels follow a midstream(324.8±107.3 ng/L)>upstream(200.8±51.8 ng/L)>downstream(165.8±71.6 ng/L)pattern.Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH,and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP).Conversely,in other regions,the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible.The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land,while in the Yangtze River Basin,it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river.These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers,providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.展开更多
文摘If one considers the number of language learners that are worldwide,the number of classroom-based language assessments(CBLAs)that are given each year,and the number of decisions that are made on the basis of these,it is obvious that in terms of sheer numbers,more students are affected by CBLAs per year than by those based on large-scale language assessments.Because of this,it is essential that classroom teachers have the knowledge,skills,and tools to enable them to develop and use CBLAs that they can justify to stakeholders,e.g.,students,parents,and school authorities.In this paper we describe the approach to CBLAs that we have developed.First,we discuss the role of assessment in teaching and learning,the kinds of decisions that classroom teachers need to make,and the different modes of CBLAs.We then describe the process of using CBLAs to help teachers make decisions that will have beneficial consequences.Next,we discuss fairness and accountability in assessment and the process of assessment justification,including an assessment use argument.Finally,we discuss the process of developing CBLAs,using an example of a classroom-based language assessment to illustrate this.
基金supported by the Northeast Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(Grant NO.QCJJ2022-43)the Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20230470,DD20230508)the National Groundwater Monitoring Network Operation and Maintenance Program(Grant No.DD20251300109).
文摘Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.
基金support in the literature analysis.This study has been carried out in the framework of the project funded by EU entitled“Bioremediation of contaminated sediments in coastal areas of exindustrial sites-LIFE SEDREMED”(No.LIFE20 ENV/IT/000572).
文摘This study compares the environmental sustainability of five alternatives for the remediation of marine sediments of one of the most polluted coastal sites in Europe(Bagnoli-Coroglio bay,Mediterranean Sea),using the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology.The treatments are either in-situ or exsitu,the latter requiring an initial dredging to transport the contaminated sediments to the management site.More in detail,four ex-situ remediation technologies based on landfilling,bioremediation,electrokinetic technique and soil washing were identified.These technologies are compared to an in-situ strategy currently under validation for enhancing bioremediation of the polluted sediments of the Bagnoli-Coroglio site.Our results indicate that the disposal in landfilling site is the worst option in most categories(e.g.,650 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment,considering the nearest landfilling site),followed by the bioremediation,mainly due to the high energy demand.Electrokinetic remediation,soil washing,and innovative in-situ technology represent the most sustainable options.In particular,the new in-situ technology appears to be the least impacting in all categories(e.g.,54 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment),although it is expected to require longer treatment time(estimated up to 12 months based on its potential efficiency).It can reduce the impact on climate change more than 12 times compared to the disposal and 7 times compared to bioremediation in addition to the possibility to avoid/reduce the dredging operations and the consequent dispersion of pollutants.The results open relevant perspectives towards more eco-sustainable and costly effective actions for the reclamation of contaminated marine sediments.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0208)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171148 and 42330512)the Key R&D Project from the Science and Technology Department of Tibet(No.XZ202501ZY0030).
文摘Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are essential nutrients and can significantly impact primary productivity of the ecosystem causing water environmental problems.However,their cycling mechanisms are not well understood in alpine mountains with climate change.Hence,94 samples of river water were collected from 2018 to 2020 in the headwaters of the Shule River Basin to assess the nutrients spatiotemporal distribution and combined ap-proach of water quality index to assess water quality and potential sources.The findings depict that high nutrient concentrations were found to coincide with snowmelt and glacial meltwater and rainfall recharge periods,while total flux peaked from June to September due to increased runoff.Notably,total nitrogen(TN)concentrations were significantly higher near the town,primarily attributed to the replenishment of nitrate(NO_(3)^(‒)-N)from live-stock manure.The high total P(TP)was near the glacier,which was attributed to the transportation of glacial sediments into the river,and pH was another critical factor.N was the primary nutrient limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in river water.Although the migration and transport of nutrients have altered with climate change,river water quality is good in alpine mountains based on an overall evaluation.These findings contribute to enriching nutrient datasets and highlight the importance of water resource management and water quality assessment in sensitive and fragile alpine mountains.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFC1004300 and 2018YFC1004302)the Science&Technology Program of Guizhou Province(Nos.QKHHBZ[2020]3002,QKHPTRC-GCC[2022]039-1 and QKHPTRCCXTD[2022]014)the Scientific Research Program of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.QJJ[2023]019).
文摘Despite the widespread presence and frequent detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in various aspects of life,there is limited research on their exposure levels in pregnant women and cumulative exposure from the living environment.This study included 1311 women in late pregnancy from the Zunyi birth cohort and measured the urinary concentrations of 10 hydroxylated PAH metabolites(OH-PAHs).Risk assessment was conducted based on the estimated daily intake to calculate the hazard quotient and hazard index(HI).A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between creatinine-adjusted OH-PAHs concentrations and living environment and lifestyle factors,while principal component analysis was applied to trace the sources of PAHs exposure.1-OHPYR was detected in all participants’urine,with naphthalene metabolites having the highest concentrations among creatinine-adjusted PAHs.OH-PAHs concentrations were associated with housing type,room number,cooking frequency,household size,exercise frequency,fuel type,distance from main road,and drinking water source.Pregnant women using traditional fuels and living in bungalows had higher health risks than those using clean energy and living in buildings.Those living within 100 m of a main road had higher HI than those farther away.Coal combustion was identified as the primary source of PAHs exposure.The study emphasizes the importance of reducing PAHs exposure,especially for pregnant women living in polluted environments.It recommends public health interventions such as improving indoor ventilation and providing clean energy to reduce related health risks.
文摘Background There is scarce data about comparisons between geriatric assessment tools in patients with aortic stenosis(AS).We aimed to describe the geriatric profile of patients with AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)and to analyze the ability of different tools for predicting clinical outcomes in this context.Methods This was a single center retrospective registry including patients with AS undergoing TAVI and surviving to hospital discharge.The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or need for urgent readmission one year after TAVI.Results A total of 377 patients were included(mean age of 80.4 years).Most patients were independent or mildly dependent,with an optimal cognitive status.The proportion of frailty ranged from 17.6%to 49.8%.A total of 20 patients(5.3%)died and 110/377 patients(29.2%)died or were readmitted during follow up.Overall,most components of the geriatric assessment showed an association with clinical outcomes.Disability for instrumental activities showed a significant association with mortality and a strong association with the rate of mortality or readmission.The association between frailty and clinical outcomes was higher for short physical performance battery(SPPB),essential frailty toolset(EFT)and the frailty index based on comprehensive geriatric assessment(IF-VIG)and lower for Fried criteria and FRAIL scale.Conclusions AS patients from this series presented a good physical performance,optimal cognitive status and a reasonably low prevalence of frailty.The best predictive ability was observed for disability for instrumental activities and frailty as measured by the EFT,SPPB and the IF-VIG.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of the Republic of China(Nos.2023YFC3007303,2017YFB0504104)the Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Provincial(No.24JRRA1188)。
文摘INTRODUCTION On March 28,2025,at 06:20:52 UTC,a shallow,magnitude M_(w)7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar(Burma)with an epicenter near the major city of Mandalay.This event,the strongest seismic activity recorded in Myanmar since 1950,generated intense shaking across much of the country,extended into regions of Thailand,and was felt in China's Yunnan and Guangxi provinces.
文摘Erratum to:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-025-0187-4 The original version of this article unfortunately contained one mistake.The presentation in Page2384 was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.The NTL loss ratio(Figure 4a)was calculated as the variation between pre-earthquake(March 27)and post-earthquake(March 28)radiance values in cloud-free areas.
文摘Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.
文摘Background Non-invasive computed tomography angiography(CTA)-based fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR)could become a gatekeeper to invasive coronary angiography.Deep learning(DL)-based CT-FFR has shown promise when compared to invasive FFR.To evaluate the performance of a DL-based CT-FFR technique,DeepVessel FFR(DVFFR).Methods This retrospective study was designed for iScheMia Assessment based on a Retrospective,single-center Trial of CTFFR(SMART).Patients suspected of stable coronary artery disease(CAD)and undergoing both CTA and invasive FFR examinations were consecutively selected from the Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1,2016 to December 30,2018.FFR obtained during invasive coronary angiography was used as the reference standard.DVFFR was calculated blindly using a DL-based CTFFR approach that utilized the complete tree structure of the coronary arteries.Results Three hundred and thirty nine patients(60.5±10.0 years and 209 men)and 414 vessels with direct invasive FFR were included in the analysis.At per-vessel level,sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)of DVFFR were 94.7%,88.6%,90.8%,82.7%,and 96.7%,respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)was 0.95 for DVFFR and 0.56 for CTA-based assessment with a significant difference(P<0.0001).At patient level,sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,PPV and NPV of DVFFR were 93.8%,88.0%,90.3%,83.0%,and 95.8%,respectively.The computation for DVFFR was fast with the average time of 22.5±1.9 s.Conclusions The results demonstrate that DVFFR was able to evaluate lesion hemodynamic significance accurately and effectively with improved diagnostic performance over CTA alone.Coronary artery disease(CAD)is a critical disease in which coronary artery luminal narrowing may result in myocardial ischemia.Early and effective assessment of myocardial ischemia is essential for optimal treatment planning so as to improve the quality of life and reduce medical costs.
基金Key Project of Educational Science of China Association for Transportation Education and Research(Class B)(JT2024ZD077)。
文摘This paper deeply analyzes the characteristics of core courses of the traffic engineering specialty and the problems existing in traditional assessment methods,and proposes a series of reform measures for the assessment methods of core courses of the traffic engineering specialty.By introducing diversified assessment methods,focusing on process assessment,and strengthening the assessment of practical abilities,the aim is to improve students’learning enthusiasm and initiative,and cultivate students’innovation ability and practical ability to meet the needs of traffic engineering professionals in the new era.
文摘This paper presents a techno-economic assessment(TEA)combined with an environmental life cycle assessment(LCA)of various hydrogen delivery options within Europe,aiming to identify the most sustainable and costeffective methods for transporting renewable hydrogen.Five hydrogen carriers—compressed hydrogen,liquid hydrogen,ammonia,methanol,and a liquid organic hydrogen carrier—are compared,assuming that hydrogen is produced via renewable electrolysis in Portugal and transported to the Netherlands by either ship or pipeline.The findings align with much of the existing literature,indicating that the most economically and environmentally sustainable options for longdistance hydrogen delivery are shipping liquid hydrogen and transporting compressed hydrogen via pipeline.Chemical carriers tend to involve higher costs and environmental impacts,largely due to the additional energy and materials(e.g.,extra solar panels)required in hydrogen conversion steps(i.e.,packing and unpacking).While the findings offer valuable insights for policymakers,further research is needed to address the limitations of multi-criteria assessments for emerging hydrogen technologies,particularly the uncertainties associated with the early development stages of processes along the hydrogen value chain.Future research should also focus on extending the scope of sustainability assessments and enhancing model reliability,especially for underrepresented environmental and social impact categories.
基金funded by Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through“Development of Aquatic Ecosystem Service Evaluation Indicators and Valuation Technology”of the Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(RS-2025-02214985).
文摘This study examines the empirical feasibility of quantitatively integrating environmental value information into Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA).An analytical framework was established to incorporate environmental cost estimates into the SEA process by utilizing ecosystem service unit values provided by the Environmental Valuation Information System(EVIS),a national platform developed to support the evaluation of policies and projects.The framework was applied to a case study involving a multipurpose rural water development project in South Korea.Ecosystem service losses resulting from the project were quantified using biophysical indicators,such as vegetation biomass,forest area,and hydrological functions,and subsequently monetized through the application of the market price method,replacement cost method,and contingent valuation method.The total annual environmental cost was estimated to be approximately KRW 56.18 billion,with the majority attributable to losses in forest conservation and climate regulation services.These findings demonstrate that quantified environmental data can serve as a robust basis for alternative comparison and site evaluation within SEA.The study provides empirical evidence supporting the advancement of SEA from a predominantly procedural tool focused on environmental protection to a more comprehensive sustainability assessment framework that integrates environmental,economic,and social considerations.Furthermore,the results suggest that EVIS-based quantitative information holds potential for broader application in other national evaluation systems,such as preliminary feasibility studies and regulatory impact assessments.
文摘The article“Techno-economic and life-cycle assessment comparisons of hydrogen delivery options”written by Alessandro Arrigoni,Tatiana D’Agostini,Francesco Dolci,and Eveline Weidner,was originally published electronically under a subscription model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100184,and U22A20617).
文摘Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.
基金China National Natural Science Foundation（Grant No.40572149,40772162）；National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs （2007BAK24B01,2006BAB16B04）；the “973” Project(Grant No.2006CB202205）the Key Projects of Ministry of Education of P.R.China（Grant No.2004-295）.
文摘Mine environmental evaluation is the key to mine environmental study. On the basis of the characteristics of the mine environmental problems, they are classified into （1） three wastes problem, （2） ground distortion, （3） contradiction among mine drainage, water supply, ecological environment, （4） desertification, and （5） soil erosion. The evaluation is the basis of mine environmental problem classification and investigation, mine environmental rehabilitation, and the information system constructed can be used for subsequent research of evaluation techniques. A synthetic assessment of the 5 kinds of mine environmental problems can be divided into single-factor or multi-factor synthetic assessments; while by the viewpoint of time, the mine environmental assessment can be classified as the historical assessment, the current status assessment and the forecasting assessment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0207400)supported by the Xiaomi Young Talents Programsupported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.Y201768)。
文摘Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries,due to the abundant Na resources and low cost.Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy density and electrochemical performance to enable it comparable to Li-ion batteries,without considering thermal hazard of Na-ion batteries and comparison with Li-ion batteries.To address this issue,our work comprehensively compares commercial prismatic lithium iron phosphate(LFP) battery,lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide(NCM523) battery and Na-ion battery of the same size from thermal hazard perspective using Accelerating Rate Calorimeter.The thermal hazard of the three cells is then qualitatively assessed from thermal stability,early warning and thermal runaway severity perspectives by integrating eight characteristic parameters.The Na-ion cell displays comparable thermal stability with LFP while LFP exhibits the lowest thermal runaway hazard and severity.However,the Na-ion cell displays the lowest safety venting temperature and the longest time interval between safety venting and thermal runaway,allowing the generated gas to be released as early as possible and detected in a timely manner,providing sufficient time for early warning.Finally,a database of thermal runaway characteristic temperature for Li-ion and Na-ion cells is collected and processed to delineate four thermal hazard levels for quantitative assessment.Overall,LFP cells exhibit the lowest thermal hazard,followed by the Na-ion cells and NCM523 cells.This work clarifies the thermal hazard discrepancy between the Na-ion cell and prevalent Li-ion cells,providing crucial guidance for development and application of Na-ion cell.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey Project(Nos.DD20220864 and DD20243077).
文摘Understanding the levels,causes,and sources of fluoride in groundwater is critical for public health,effective water resource management,and sustainable utilization.This study employs multivariate statistical methods,hazard quotient assessment,and geochemical analyses,such as mineral saturation index,ionic activities,and Gibbs diagrams,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics,causes,and noncarcinogenic risks of fluoride in Red bed groundwater and geothermal water in the Guang'an area and neighboring regions.Approximately 9%of the Red bed groundwater samples contain fluoride concentrations exceeding 1 mg·L^(-1).The predominant water types identified are Cl-Na and HCO_(3)-Na,primarily influenced by evapotranspiration.Low-fluoride groundwater and high-fluoride geothermal water exhibit distinct hydrochemical types HCO_(3)-Ca and SO_(4)-Ca,respectively,which are mainly related to the weathering of carbonate,sulfate,and fluorite-containing rocks.Correlation analysis reveals that fluoride content in Red bed groundwater is positively associated with Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and TDS(r^(2)=0.45-0.64,p<0.01),while in geothermal water,it correlates strongly with pH,K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)(r^(2)=0.52-0.80,p<0.05).Mineral saturation indices and ionic activities indicate that ion exchange processes and the dissolution of minerals such as carbonatite and fluorite are important sources of fluoride in groundwater.The enrichment of fluorine in the Red bed groundwater is linked to evaporation,cation exchange and dissolution of fluorite,caused by the lithologic characteristics of the red bed in this area.However,it exhibits minimal correlation with the geothermal water in the adjacent area.The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment indicates that 7%(n=5)of Red bed groundwater points exceed the fluoride safety limit for adults,while 12%(n=8)exceed the limit for children.These findings underscore the importance of avoiding highly fluoridated red bed groundwater as a direct drinking source and enhancing groundwater monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with elevated fluoride levels.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2021YFC3200904 and 2022YFC3203705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270012 and 52070184).
文摘Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from124.5 to 836.5 ng/L,with Dimethyl phthalate(DMP)(75.4±102.7 ng/L)and Diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP)(263.4±103.1 ng/L)emerging as the predominant types.Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream(512.9±202.1 ng/L)>midstream(344.5±135.3 ng/L)>downstream(177.8±46.7 ng/L).In the Yangtze River,the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L,with DMP(46.1±23.4 ng/L),Diethyl phthalate(DEP)(93.3±45.2 ng/L),and DiBP(174.2±67.6 ng/L)as the primary components.Concentration levels follow a midstream(324.8±107.3 ng/L)>upstream(200.8±51.8 ng/L)>downstream(165.8±71.6 ng/L)pattern.Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH,and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP).Conversely,in other regions,the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible.The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land,while in the Yangtze River Basin,it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river.These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers,providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.
