A new technology for fabrication of silica on silicon arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) based on deep etching and thermal oxidation is presented.Using this method,a silicon layer is remained at the side of waveguide.The...A new technology for fabrication of silica on silicon arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) based on deep etching and thermal oxidation is presented.Using this method,a silicon layer is remained at the side of waveguide.The stress distribution and effective refractive index of waveguide fabricated by this approach are calculated using finite element and finite difference beam propagation method,respectively.The results of these studies indicate that the stress of silica on silicon optical waveguide can be matched in parallel and vertical direction and AWG polarization dependent wavelength (PDλ) can be reduced effectively due to side-silicon layer.展开更多
The present study reports an improved PCR-based technique that allows quick and effective screening of cDNA libraries. First, the cDNA library was arrayed as follow: about 3 X 10’ cDNA clones were multiplied as indiv...The present study reports an improved PCR-based technique that allows quick and effective screening of cDNA libraries. First, the cDNA library was arrayed as follow: about 3 X 10’ cDNA clones were multiplied as individual plaques on solid medium in 24-well culture dishes at 1 200 plaque forming units per well. The phage suspension of each well was transferred to an individual microcentrifuge tube in 72-tube box. Then, box pool, row pools and column pools were set up that respectively represent a 72-tube box, rows and columns within the box. To screen a specific target cDNA,primers specific for novel ESTs ob- tained in our laboratory were employed to conduct PCR in a hierarchy mode. PCR began with the box pools, resulting in the identification of some Positive box pools. Then PCR went down to the row and col- umn pools of the positive box. The intersection of the positive row (s) and column (s) revealed the candi- date positive tubes. The specificity of PCR products were meanwhile checked by restriction enzyme diges- tion. Finally, hybridization was carried out to get single specific cDNA clomes from the positive tubes. This PCR-based technique features high specificity, high efficiency and less-cost in large-scale cDNA library screening. Our initial implementation of the technique resulted in the isolation of three longer different cD- NA clones from a human fetal brain cDNA library. Thus this improved technique can serve as an alterna-tive to the time-consuming and laborious conventional hybridization-based method for screening cDNA li-brary.展开更多
A 32-channel wavelength division multiplexer with 100 GHz spacing is designed and fabricated by interleaving two silicon arrayed waveguide gratings(AWGs).It has a parallel structure consisting of two silicon 16-channe...A 32-channel wavelength division multiplexer with 100 GHz spacing is designed and fabricated by interleaving two silicon arrayed waveguide gratings(AWGs).It has a parallel structure consisting of two silicon 16-channel AWGs with200 GHz spacing and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)with 200 GHz free spectral range.The 16 channels of one silicon AWG are interleaved with those of the other AWG in spectrum,but with an identical spacing of 200 GHz.For the composed wavelength division multiplexer,the experiment results reveal 32 wavelength channels in C-band,a wavelength spacing of 100 GHz,and a channel crosstalk lower than-15 dB.展开更多
In this paper,the densely arrayed bonded particle model is proposed for simulation of granular materials with discrete element method(DEM)considering particle crushing.This model can solve the problem of pore calculat...In this paper,the densely arrayed bonded particle model is proposed for simulation of granular materials with discrete element method(DEM)considering particle crushing.This model can solve the problem of pore calculation after the grains are crushed,and reduce the producing time of specimen.In this work,several one-dimensional compressing simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of particle crushing on mechanical properties of granular materials under a wide range of stress.The results show that the crushing process of granular materials can be divided into four different stages according to er-logσy curves.At the end of the second stage,there exists a yield point,after which the physical and mechanical properties of specimens will change significantly.Under extremely high stress,particle crushing will wipe some initial information of specimens,and specimens with different initial gradings and void ratios present some similar characteristics.Particle crushing has great influence on grading,lateral pressure coefficient and compressibility of granular materials,and introduce extra irreversible volume deformation,which is necessary to be considered in modelling of granular materials in wide stress range.展开更多
We have provided optical simulations of the evanescently coupled waveguide photodiodes integrated with a 13- channels AWGs. The photodiode could exhibit high internal efficiency by appropriate choice of layers geometr...We have provided optical simulations of the evanescently coupled waveguide photodiodes integrated with a 13- channels AWGs. The photodiode could exhibit high internal efficiency by appropriate choice of layers geometry and refrac- tive index. Aseamless joint structure has been designed and fabricated for integrating the output waveguides of AWGs with the evanescently coupled waveguide photodiode array. The highest simulation quantum efficiency could achieve 92% when the matching layer thickfiess of the PD is 120 nm and the insertion length is 2 μm. The fabricated PD with 320-nm-thick match.ing layer and 2-μm-length insertion matching layer present a responsivity of 0.87 A/W.展开更多
In this letter,a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)dynamic strain sensing system using a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)-fiber ring laser(FRL)and an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)demodulator is proposed.Due to the characte...In this letter,a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)dynamic strain sensing system using a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)-fiber ring laser(FRL)and an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)demodulator is proposed.Due to the characteristics of SOA,it can act as the gain medium as well as light source.The AWG module is used as the wavelength demodulator.It is shown that SOA-based FRL sensors can accurately respond to 1.5μεdynamic strain signal with high frequency up to 120 k Hz and almost no distortion in the waveforms.Experimental results show that the system can be used for acoustic testing,such as underwater ultrasonic detection and external impact monitoring.In addition,the simultaneous dual-channel demodulated system is investigated in detail to verify the multiplexing.This dynamic strain sensing system can be widely utilized in structural health monitoring because of its high stability,low cost and good multiplexability.展开更多
The operation principle of an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) multiplexer is introduced and the 4×4 AWG with following design parameters is discussed in detail, such as the choice of wavelength, the neighboring ar...The operation principle of an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) multiplexer is introduced and the 4×4 AWG with following design parameters is discussed in detail, such as the choice of wavelength, the neighboring arrayed waveguide distance ΔL, the channel frequency interval Δf, and the free spectral range. The structure of 4×4 AWG is designed and the result of stimulated test is also given. Analysis shows that the 4×4 AWG is characterized by a wide dynamic range, low crosstalk, better spectrum properties, and a compact structure.展开更多
The improved performance of a wavelength-tunable arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is demonstrated, including the crosstalk, insertion loss and the wavelength tuning efficiency. A reduced impact of the fabrication proce...The improved performance of a wavelength-tunable arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is demonstrated, including the crosstalk, insertion loss and the wavelength tuning efficiency. A reduced impact of the fabrication process on the AWG is achieved by the design of bi-level tapers. The wavelength tuning of the AWG is achieved according to the thermo-optic effect of silicon, and uniform heating of the silicon waveguide layer is achieved by optimizing the heater design. The fabricated AWG shows a minimum crosstalk of 16 dB, a maximum insertion loss of 3.91 dB and a wavelength tuning efficiency of 8.92 nm/W, exhibiting a ～8 dB improvement of crosstalk, ～2.1 dB improvement of insertion loss and ～5 nm/W improvement of wavelength tuning efficiency, compared to our previous reported results.展开更多
A 13-channel, InP-based arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） is designed and fabricated in which the on-chip loss of the central channel is about -5 dB and the crosstalk is less than -23 dB in the center of the spectrum ...A 13-channel, InP-based arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） is designed and fabricated in which the on-chip loss of the central channel is about -5 dB and the crosstalk is less than -23 dB in the center of the spectrum response. However, the central wavelength and channel spacing are deviated from the design values. To improve their accuracy, an optimized design is adopted to compensate the process error. As a result, the central wavelength 1549.9 nm and channel spacing 1.59 nm are obtained in the experiment, while their design values are 1549.32 nm and 1.6 nm, respectively. The route capability and thermo-optic characteristic of the AWG are also discussed in detail.展开更多
In this paper,an arrayed liquid prisms system based on electrowetting-on-dielectric(EWOD)is proposed to modulate the three-dimensional beam steering control.The relationships between beam steering control range,electr...In this paper,an arrayed liquid prisms system based on electrowetting-on-dielectric(EWOD)is proposed to modulate the three-dimensional beam steering control.The relationships between beam steering control range,electrowetting contact angle,and liquid refractive index are derived.COMSOL is employed to demonstrate the beam steering control properties of the electrowetting-based arrayed liquid prisms when bias voltages are applied.The influence of contact angle,liquid refractive index,and interval between adjacent prisms are discussed.The results show that the beam steering control performance of the system will be greatly improved,and the range of beam steering angle is−20°to 20°by selecting optimum combinations of liquids and rational interval between adjacent prisms.The arrayed liquid prisms system can succeed to achieve continuous control of beam steering in a conical region with an apex angle of 40°,and the vertex of the circular cone is located at the 15.02 mm in the z-axis.The proposed system will promote the development of non-mechanical beam steering technology and have a wide range of applications.展开更多
A cross-linkable fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) (FPEEK) was synthesized for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and near-infrared ab...A cross-linkable fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) (FPEEK) was synthesized for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and near-infrared absorption spectrum show that the materials have high thermal stability and high optical transparency in the infrared communication region. The refractive index of FPEEK can be controlled easily by changing the fluorine content of the materials. The 32-channel AWG multiplexer is fabricated using the FPEEK and oxygen reactive ion etching technology. The AWG multiplexer exhibits that the insertion loss is from 12.8 to 17.8 dB and the channel crosstalk is less than-20 dB. The wavelength channel spacing and the center wavelength are 0.8nm and 1548nm, respectively.展开更多
A four-channel 400 GHz channel spacing InP-based arrayed waveguide grating with a flattened wavelength re- sponse by employing a multimode interference coupler at the input waveguide of the filter is prepared. The fab...A four-channel 400 GHz channel spacing InP-based arrayed waveguide grating with a flattened wavelength re- sponse by employing a multimode interference coupler at the input waveguide of the filter is prepared. The fabricated devices show a flattened spectral response with a broadened 3-dB bandwidth up to 3.5 nm, interchan- nel non-uniformity of 〈0. 7dB and excellent match to the simulation results.展开更多
The fact that the signal results in signal―crosstalk is confirmed forarrayed―waveguide grating as NXN optical router, and the relation between the crosstalk and powerpenalty is obtained. The method reveals the rando...The fact that the signal results in signal―crosstalk is confirmed forarrayed―waveguide grating as NXN optical router, and the relation between the crosstalk and powerpenalty is obtained. The method reveals the random distributions of optical path phase errors in twomultiplexers with channel numbers of 10 and 160. It is shown that the crosstalk must be less than―28 dB for a power penalty below 1 dB at a bit error rate of 1X10^(-9). It is found that when N =100, crosstalk power value is ? 20 dB with compensation power of 2―3 dB, so the compensation poweris not ignored.展开更多
The near infrared (NIR) fluorescence enhancement by local surface plasmon resonanoce from arrayed gold (Au) nanoblocks was investigated by NIR fluorescent dyes, IR780, immobilized in hydrophobic DNA thin film on glass...The near infrared (NIR) fluorescence enhancement by local surface plasmon resonanoce from arrayed gold (Au) nanoblocks was investigated by NIR fluorescent dyes, IR780, immobilized in hydrophobic DNA thin film on glass substrates, to clarify the gap mode effect on the fluorescence enhancement. In the substrate with Dimer type Au nanoblock arrangement, average total fluorescence intensity was larger by 10.0, 2.4, and 12.4 times for non-polarized, P- and S- polarization as compared with that on a glass substrate alone, respectively. These findings suggested that enhancement of excitation light intensity at nanogap in the Dimer type Au nanoblock arrangement affected the fluorescence intensity. Average total fluorescence intensity, on the other hand, was smaller by 0.63 times as compared with that on a glass substrate alone in the checkerboard type Au array. It is suggested that the fluorescence quenching was caused by the energy transfer from the excited state of IR780 to Au nanoblocks or by the increased deactivation of excited dye molecules induced by resonance with Au nanoblocks at the checkerboard arrangement. We have firstly achieved the NIR fluorescence enhancement by LSPR due to the gap mode.展开更多
Electrohydrodynamic(EHD)printing is a promising technique in the fabrication of high-resolution metal interconnects and fine circuit patterns.However,current approaches have restricted throughput attributed to their s...Electrohydrodynamic(EHD)printing is a promising technique in the fabrication of high-resolution metal interconnects and fine circuit patterns.However,current approaches have restricted throughput attributed to their single-nozzle operational constraints.This study introduces a nozzle array combining dielectric glass and polymeric components,enabling direct patterning of colloidal silver into fine features via multinozzle EHD printing.Through simulation design,nozzle design guidelines applicable to high-conductivity solutions are given,and corresponding printing chips are fabricated using a microelectromechanical system process.Through parameter optimization,a high-resolution silver circuit with a line width of less than 5μm is achieved.The resistivity is 9.45×10^(-8)Ωm after multilayer printing,which is only 5.94 times that of pure silver.Meanwhile,printing chips with stable and high-frequency printing performance(10 kHz)facilitate dimensional modification and large-scale integration(128-nozzle).The multinozzle EHD printing process is compatible with multiple flexible/stretchable substrates,demonstrating its great potential in the commercial applications of flexible/wearable electronics and printed electronics manufacturing.展开更多
The silicon-based arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)is widely used due to its compact footprint and its compatibility with the mature CMOS process.However,except for AWGs with ridged waveguides of a few micrometers of cro...The silicon-based arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)is widely used due to its compact footprint and its compatibility with the mature CMOS process.However,except for AWGs with ridged waveguides of a few micrometers of cross section,any small process error will cause a large phase deviation in other AWGs,resulting in an increasing cross talk.In this paper,an ultralow cross talk AWG via a tunable microring resonator(MRR)filter is demonstrated on the SOI platform.The measured insertion loss and minimum adjacent cross talk of the designed AWG are approximately 3.2 and-45.1 d B,respectively.Compared with conventional AWG,its cross talk is greatly reduced.展开更多
Arrayed waveguide grating is a versatile and scalable integrated light dispersion device,which has been widely adopted in various applications,including,optical communications and optical sensing.Recently,thin-film li...Arrayed waveguide grating is a versatile and scalable integrated light dispersion device,which has been widely adopted in various applications,including,optical communications and optical sensing.Recently,thin-film lithium niobate emerges as a promising photonic integration platform,due to its ability of shrinking largely the size of typical lithium niobate based optical devices.This would also enable multifunctional photonic integrated chips on a single lithium niobate substrate.However,due to the intrinsic anisotropy of the material,to build an arrayed waveguide grating on X-cut thin-film lithium niobate has never been successful.Here,a universal strategy to design anisotropyfree dispersive components on a uniaxial in-plane anisotropic photonic integration platform is introduced for the first time.This leads to the first implementation of arrayed waveguide gratings on X-cut thin-film lithium niobate with various configurations and high-performances.The best insertion loss of 2.4 dB and crosstalk of−24.1 dB is obtained for the fabricated arrayed waveguide grating devices.Applications of such arrayed waveguide gratings as a wavelength router and in a wavelength-division multiplexed optical transmission system are also demonstrated.展开更多
A universal design strategy for dispersive elements in anisotropic platforms is proposed,enabling high-performance arrayed waveguide gratings in thin-film lithium niobate that are essential for future optical communic...A universal design strategy for dispersive elements in anisotropic platforms is proposed,enabling high-performance arrayed waveguide gratings in thin-film lithium niobate that are essential for future optical communications.展开更多
An efficient technique is used to flatten the spectral response of an arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） multiplexer. By subtracting an increment from the core width of odd arrayed waveguides and by adding the same inc...An efficient technique is used to flatten the spectral response of an arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） multiplexer. By subtracting an increment from the core width of odd arrayed waveguides and by adding the same increment to that of even arrayed waveguides,a box-like spectral response can be obtained. A 17 × 17 polymer AWG multiplexer with box- like spectral response has been made using FPE polymer materials. Measured result for the AWG shows that the box-like spectral response has a 3dB bandwidth of 0. 476nm, the crosstalk is about or less than - 21dB for every output channel,and the insertion loss is 13-15dB.展开更多
A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology.By extending the wave⁃length allocatio...A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology.By extending the wave⁃length allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs,we increased the number of chan⁃nels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers.Through optimizing the AWG structure,it has achieved insertion loss(IL)better than-1.61 dB,loss uniformity below 0.35 dB,polarization-dependent loss(PDL)below 0.35 dB,adjacent channel cross⁃talk under-20.05 dB,ripple less than 0.75 dB,center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth ex⁃ceeding 2.88 nm.The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modu⁃lation(PAM4)signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach over 1.6 Tbps.展开更多
文摘A new technology for fabrication of silica on silicon arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) based on deep etching and thermal oxidation is presented.Using this method,a silicon layer is remained at the side of waveguide.The stress distribution and effective refractive index of waveguide fabricated by this approach are calculated using finite element and finite difference beam propagation method,respectively.The results of these studies indicate that the stress of silica on silicon optical waveguide can be matched in parallel and vertical direction and AWG polarization dependent wavelength (PDλ) can be reduced effectively due to side-silicon layer.
基金National Natural Science Fund!(39392900 ) 863 High-tech Project Fund of China!(102-10-03-02 )
文摘The present study reports an improved PCR-based technique that allows quick and effective screening of cDNA libraries. First, the cDNA library was arrayed as follow: about 3 X 10’ cDNA clones were multiplied as individual plaques on solid medium in 24-well culture dishes at 1 200 plaque forming units per well. The phage suspension of each well was transferred to an individual microcentrifuge tube in 72-tube box. Then, box pool, row pools and column pools were set up that respectively represent a 72-tube box, rows and columns within the box. To screen a specific target cDNA,primers specific for novel ESTs ob- tained in our laboratory were employed to conduct PCR in a hierarchy mode. PCR began with the box pools, resulting in the identification of some Positive box pools. Then PCR went down to the row and col- umn pools of the positive box. The intersection of the positive row (s) and column (s) revealed the candi- date positive tubes. The specificity of PCR products were meanwhile checked by restriction enzyme diges- tion. Finally, hybridization was carried out to get single specific cDNA clomes from the positive tubes. This PCR-based technique features high specificity, high efficiency and less-cost in large-scale cDNA library screening. Our initial implementation of the technique resulted in the isolation of three longer different cD- NA clones from a human fetal brain cDNA library. Thus this improved technique can serve as an alterna-tive to the time-consuming and laborious conventional hybridization-based method for screening cDNA li-brary.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2203600)。
文摘A 32-channel wavelength division multiplexer with 100 GHz spacing is designed and fabricated by interleaving two silicon arrayed waveguide gratings(AWGs).It has a parallel structure consisting of two silicon 16-channel AWGs with200 GHz spacing and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)with 200 GHz free spectral range.The 16 channels of one silicon AWG are interleaved with those of the other AWG in spectrum,but with an identical spacing of 200 GHz.For the composed wavelength division multiplexer,the experiment results reveal 32 wavelength channels in C-band,a wavelength spacing of 100 GHz,and a channel crosstalk lower than-15 dB.
基金The authors wish to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11772117)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015B37414)+1 种基金Henan Scientific and Technical Project under Grant(No.192102310480)Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(CN)(21B560015)for financial support.
文摘In this paper,the densely arrayed bonded particle model is proposed for simulation of granular materials with discrete element method(DEM)considering particle crushing.This model can solve the problem of pore calculation after the grains are crushed,and reduce the producing time of specimen.In this work,several one-dimensional compressing simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of particle crushing on mechanical properties of granular materials under a wide range of stress.The results show that the crushing process of granular materials can be divided into four different stages according to er-logσy curves.At the end of the second stage,there exists a yield point,after which the physical and mechanical properties of specimens will change significantly.Under extremely high stress,particle crushing will wipe some initial information of specimens,and specimens with different initial gradings and void ratios present some similar characteristics.Particle crushing has great influence on grading,lateral pressure coefficient and compressibility of granular materials,and introduce extra irreversible volume deformation,which is necessary to be considered in modelling of granular materials in wide stress range.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2013AA031401,2015AA016902,and 2015AA016904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61176053,61274069,and 61435002)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB933503 and 2013CB932904)
文摘We have provided optical simulations of the evanescently coupled waveguide photodiodes integrated with a 13- channels AWGs. The photodiode could exhibit high internal efficiency by appropriate choice of layers geometry and refrac- tive index. Aseamless joint structure has been designed and fabricated for integrating the output waveguides of AWGs with the evanescently coupled waveguide photodiode array. The highest simulation quantum efficiency could achieve 92% when the matching layer thickfiess of the PD is 120 nm and the insertion length is 2 μm. The fabricated PD with 320-nm-thick match.ing layer and 2-μm-length insertion matching layer present a responsivity of 0.87 A/W.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874064)the Project of Graduate Innovation in Chongqing University of Technology(No.gzlcx20223295)。
文摘In this letter,a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)dynamic strain sensing system using a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)-fiber ring laser(FRL)and an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)demodulator is proposed.Due to the characteristics of SOA,it can act as the gain medium as well as light source.The AWG module is used as the wavelength demodulator.It is shown that SOA-based FRL sensors can accurately respond to 1.5μεdynamic strain signal with high frequency up to 120 k Hz and almost no distortion in the waveforms.Experimental results show that the system can be used for acoustic testing,such as underwater ultrasonic detection and external impact monitoring.In addition,the simultaneous dual-channel demodulated system is investigated in detail to verify the multiplexing.This dynamic strain sensing system can be widely utilized in structural health monitoring because of its high stability,low cost and good multiplexability.
文摘The operation principle of an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) multiplexer is introduced and the 4×4 AWG with following design parameters is discussed in detail, such as the choice of wavelength, the neighboring arrayed waveguide distance ΔL, the channel frequency interval Δf, and the free spectral range. The structure of 4×4 AWG is designed and the result of stimulated test is also given. Analysis shows that the 4×4 AWG is characterized by a wide dynamic range, low crosstalk, better spectrum properties, and a compact structure.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No 2016YFB0402504
文摘The improved performance of a wavelength-tunable arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is demonstrated, including the crosstalk, insertion loss and the wavelength tuning efficiency. A reduced impact of the fabrication process on the AWG is achieved by the design of bi-level tapers. The wavelength tuning of the AWG is achieved according to the thermo-optic effect of silicon, and uniform heating of the silicon waveguide layer is achieved by optimizing the heater design. The fabricated AWG shows a minimum crosstalk of 16 dB, a maximum insertion loss of 3.91 dB and a wavelength tuning efficiency of 8.92 nm/W, exhibiting a ～8 dB improvement of crosstalk, ～2.1 dB improvement of insertion loss and ～5 nm/W improvement of wavelength tuning efficiency, compared to our previous reported results.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2011AA010303 and 2013AA031401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61090390)
文摘A 13-channel, InP-based arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） is designed and fabricated in which the on-chip loss of the central channel is about -5 dB and the crosstalk is less than -23 dB in the center of the spectrum response. However, the central wavelength and channel spacing are deviated from the design values. To improve their accuracy, an optimized design is adopted to compensate the process error. As a result, the central wavelength 1549.9 nm and channel spacing 1.59 nm are obtained in the experiment, while their design values are 1549.32 nm and 1.6 nm, respectively. The route capability and thermo-optic characteristic of the AWG are also discussed in detail.
基金This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775102)the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61905117)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX19_0970)the Technology Foundation of Basic Enhancement Program(No.2019_JCJQ_JJ_446).
文摘In this paper,an arrayed liquid prisms system based on electrowetting-on-dielectric(EWOD)is proposed to modulate the three-dimensional beam steering control.The relationships between beam steering control range,electrowetting contact angle,and liquid refractive index are derived.COMSOL is employed to demonstrate the beam steering control properties of the electrowetting-based arrayed liquid prisms when bias voltages are applied.The influence of contact angle,liquid refractive index,and interval between adjacent prisms are discussed.The results show that the beam steering control performance of the system will be greatly improved,and the range of beam steering angle is−20°to 20°by selecting optimum combinations of liquids and rational interval between adjacent prisms.The arrayed liquid prisms system can succeed to achieve continuous control of beam steering in a conical region with an apex angle of 40°,and the vertex of the circular cone is located at the 15.02 mm in the z-axis.The proposed system will promote the development of non-mechanical beam steering technology and have a wide range of applications.
文摘A cross-linkable fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) (FPEEK) was synthesized for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and near-infrared absorption spectrum show that the materials have high thermal stability and high optical transparency in the infrared communication region. The refractive index of FPEEK can be controlled easily by changing the fluorine content of the materials. The 32-channel AWG multiplexer is fabricated using the FPEEK and oxygen reactive ion etching technology. The AWG multiplexer exhibits that the insertion loss is from 12.8 to 17.8 dB and the channel crosstalk is less than-20 dB. The wavelength channel spacing and the center wavelength are 0.8nm and 1548nm, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61274046,61201103,61335009 and61320106013the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013AA014202
文摘A four-channel 400 GHz channel spacing InP-based arrayed waveguide grating with a flattened wavelength re- sponse by employing a multimode interference coupler at the input waveguide of the filter is prepared. The fabricated devices show a flattened spectral response with a broadened 3-dB bandwidth up to 3.5 nm, interchan- nel non-uniformity of 〈0. 7dB and excellent match to the simulation results.
文摘The fact that the signal results in signal―crosstalk is confirmed forarrayed―waveguide grating as NXN optical router, and the relation between the crosstalk and powerpenalty is obtained. The method reveals the random distributions of optical path phase errors in twomultiplexers with channel numbers of 10 and 160. It is shown that the crosstalk must be less than―28 dB for a power penalty below 1 dB at a bit error rate of 1X10^(-9). It is found that when N =100, crosstalk power value is ? 20 dB with compensation power of 2―3 dB, so the compensation poweris not ignored.
文摘The near infrared (NIR) fluorescence enhancement by local surface plasmon resonanoce from arrayed gold (Au) nanoblocks was investigated by NIR fluorescent dyes, IR780, immobilized in hydrophobic DNA thin film on glass substrates, to clarify the gap mode effect on the fluorescence enhancement. In the substrate with Dimer type Au nanoblock arrangement, average total fluorescence intensity was larger by 10.0, 2.4, and 12.4 times for non-polarized, P- and S- polarization as compared with that on a glass substrate alone, respectively. These findings suggested that enhancement of excitation light intensity at nanogap in the Dimer type Au nanoblock arrangement affected the fluorescence intensity. Average total fluorescence intensity, on the other hand, was smaller by 0.63 times as compared with that on a glass substrate alone in the checkerboard type Au array. It is suggested that the fluorescence quenching was caused by the energy transfer from the excited state of IR780 to Au nanoblocks or by the increased deactivation of excited dye molecules induced by resonance with Au nanoblocks at the checkerboard arrangement. We have firstly achieved the NIR fluorescence enhancement by LSPR due to the gap mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075209)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2022CFA066)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2021QNRC001)。
文摘Electrohydrodynamic(EHD)printing is a promising technique in the fabrication of high-resolution metal interconnects and fine circuit patterns.However,current approaches have restricted throughput attributed to their single-nozzle operational constraints.This study introduces a nozzle array combining dielectric glass and polymeric components,enabling direct patterning of colloidal silver into fine features via multinozzle EHD printing.Through simulation design,nozzle design guidelines applicable to high-conductivity solutions are given,and corresponding printing chips are fabricated using a microelectromechanical system process.Through parameter optimization,a high-resolution silver circuit with a line width of less than 5μm is achieved.The resistivity is 9.45×10^(-8)Ωm after multilayer printing,which is only 5.94 times that of pure silver.Meanwhile,printing chips with stable and high-frequency printing performance(10 kHz)facilitate dimensional modification and large-scale integration(128-nozzle).The multinozzle EHD printing process is compatible with multiple flexible/stretchable substrates,demonstrating its great potential in the commercial applications of flexible/wearable electronics and printed electronics manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB2200500)the Yunnan Provincial Foundation Program(No.202201AT070202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62065010)。
文摘The silicon-based arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)is widely used due to its compact footprint and its compatibility with the mature CMOS process.However,except for AWGs with ridged waveguides of a few micrometers of cross section,any small process error will cause a large phase deviation in other AWGs,resulting in an increasing cross talk.In this paper,an ultralow cross talk AWG via a tunable microring resonator(MRR)filter is demonstrated on the SOI platform.The measured insertion loss and minimum adjacent cross talk of the designed AWG are approximately 3.2 and-45.1 d B,respectively.Compared with conventional AWG,its cross talk is greatly reduced.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62135012,92150302,U23B2047,62321166651)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2021R01001)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C01139).
文摘Arrayed waveguide grating is a versatile and scalable integrated light dispersion device,which has been widely adopted in various applications,including,optical communications and optical sensing.Recently,thin-film lithium niobate emerges as a promising photonic integration platform,due to its ability of shrinking largely the size of typical lithium niobate based optical devices.This would also enable multifunctional photonic integrated chips on a single lithium niobate substrate.However,due to the intrinsic anisotropy of the material,to build an arrayed waveguide grating on X-cut thin-film lithium niobate has never been successful.Here,a universal strategy to design anisotropyfree dispersive components on a uniaxial in-plane anisotropic photonic integration platform is introduced for the first time.This leads to the first implementation of arrayed waveguide gratings on X-cut thin-film lithium niobate with various configurations and high-performances.The best insertion loss of 2.4 dB and crosstalk of−24.1 dB is obtained for the fabricated arrayed waveguide grating devices.Applications of such arrayed waveguide gratings as a wavelength router and in a wavelength-division multiplexed optical transmission system are also demonstrated.
文摘A universal design strategy for dispersive elements in anisotropic platforms is proposed,enabling high-performance arrayed waveguide gratings in thin-film lithium niobate that are essential for future optical communications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60576045)~~
文摘An efficient technique is used to flatten the spectral response of an arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） multiplexer. By subtracting an increment from the core width of odd arrayed waveguides and by adding the same increment to that of even arrayed waveguides,a box-like spectral response can be obtained. A 17 × 17 polymer AWG multiplexer with box- like spectral response has been made using FPE polymer materials. Measured result for the AWG shows that the box-like spectral response has a 3dB bandwidth of 0. 476nm, the crosstalk is about or less than - 21dB for every output channel,and the insertion loss is 13-15dB.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2800201)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB43000000)。
文摘A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology.By extending the wave⁃length allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs,we increased the number of chan⁃nels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers.Through optimizing the AWG structure,it has achieved insertion loss(IL)better than-1.61 dB,loss uniformity below 0.35 dB,polarization-dependent loss(PDL)below 0.35 dB,adjacent channel cross⁃talk under-20.05 dB,ripple less than 0.75 dB,center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth ex⁃ceeding 2.88 nm.The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modu⁃lation(PAM4)signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach over 1.6 Tbps.
