General decline of understory cover can result from increased abundance of and foraging pressure by deer.But population size and degree of aggregation can increase for unpalatable understory plants that escape foragin...General decline of understory cover can result from increased abundance of and foraging pressure by deer.But population size and degree of aggregation can increase for unpalatable understory plants that escape foraging pressure.Clonal reproduction can enable unpalatable plant species to increase their population sizes while trending toward spatially aggregated distributions.However,the details of the relationship between clonal reproduction in unpalatable plants and their dynamics under intensive deer herbivory are not clear.We compared the population structures and spatial patterns of two coexisting unpalatable plant species,Arisaema ovale(with clonal reproduction)and A.peninsulae(without clonal reproduction)in a riparian forest intensively grazed by Sika deer,and examined the null hypothesis that the extent of spatial aggregation and local population size would not differ between the clonal and non-clonal Arisaema species.In a 0.36-ha plot,A.ovale had a larger population size(1087 individuals)with a higher abundance ratio of small plants(p<0.01)than A.peninsulae(84 individuals).Analyses of spatial point processes showed that both populations were spatially aggregated(p<0.05).The spatial aggregation of A.peninsulae,however,became weaker than that of A.ovale,when we excluded one dense patch originating from irregular seed dispersion.These results,excluding the aggregated distribution observed in A.peninsulae,suggested a substantial contribution of clonal reproduction to the expansion of the local A.ovale population following intensive grazing by Sika deer.展开更多
A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morph...A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morphological characteristics of the parental species. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that the putative hybrid has a combined pattern of the two putative parent species. Moreover, the sequence result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative hybrid was identical to that of A. sikokianum. These results suggest that the putative hybrid is a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum and that it was formed by interactive gene exchanging via pollens from A. serratum to A. sikokianum. It is the first record of a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum.展开更多
Morphologically putative introgressive hybrids of Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. tosaense Makino were newly found in Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures in Japan. All the individuals have the same morphologica...Morphologically putative introgressive hybrids of Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. tosaense Makino were newly found in Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures in Japan. All the individuals have the same morphological characteristics as A. tosaense excluding a purple spathe. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that these putative introgressive hybrids have the same pattern as A. tosaense. Moreover, the sequences of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative introgressive hybrids were identical to A. sikokianum from Kochi Prefecture and A. tosaense from Tokushima Prefecture. The results suggest that the plants are introgressive hybrids of A. sikokianum and A. tosaense and that they have highly exchanged genes with A. tosaense.展开更多
Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphologica...Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile展开更多
Arisaema iyoanum Makino subsp. nakaianum (Ohba) H. Ohashi et J. Murata and A. ovale Nakai var. ovale are known to have one-leaved phenotype in both males and females;however, we discovered two-leaved individuals of th...Arisaema iyoanum Makino subsp. nakaianum (Ohba) H. Ohashi et J. Murata and A. ovale Nakai var. ovale are known to have one-leaved phenotype in both males and females;however, we discovered two-leaved individuals of these species. To elucidate the relationship between growth stage and leaf number of A. iyoanum subsp. nakaianum and A. ovale var. ovale, we conducted a morphological analysis of these plants. Our analysis suggested that the two-leaved individuals of A. iyoanum subsp. nakaianum and A. ovale var. ovale appeared only at the female phase. This suggested that one-leaved A. iyoanum subsp. nakaianum and A. ovale var. ovale individuals could not store the resources and hence changed to two-leaved individuals. This transformation could be explained by the fact that these species occur at high altitudes in mountain areas or regions covered in snow of the Japan Sea side, and their flowering time is also late compared with that in other sympatric Arisaema species.展开更多
Lectins are the carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin which have been the subject of intense investigation over the last few decades owing to the variety of interesting biological properties. Most of the ...Lectins are the carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin which have been the subject of intense investigation over the last few decades owing to the variety of interesting biological properties. Most of the lectins which have been purified and characterized from plants have been obtained from dicotyledons. In the present study a lectin was purified from tubers of a monocot plant Arisaema utile (AUL) Schott by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica beads. AUL gave a single band in SDS-PAGE at pH 8.3 corresponding to subunit Mr 13.5 kDa. The native molecular mass of AUL was 54 kDa suggesting a homotetrameric structure. AUL gave multiple bands in isoelectric focusing and in native PAGE at pH 8.3. AUL was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (Lac NAc), a disaccharide and asialofetuin, a complex desialylated serum glycoprotein. When treated with denaturing agents, the lectin was stable in the presence of urea (3 M), thiourea (4 M) and guanidine HCl (4 M). AUL was a glycoprotein with a carbohydrate content of 1.2%. Complete loss of activity was observed upon modification of tryptophan residues of the lectin. The activity was reduced to 25% after modification of tyrosine. Chemical modification of arginine, histidine, serine and cysteine residues of AUL did not affect its activity. Using Far UV CD spectra the estimated secondary structure was 37% α-helix, 25% β-sheet and 38% random contributions. The lectin showed potent mitogenic response towards human lymphocytes. In vitro anti-proliferative assay using 11 human cancer cell lines resulted in 50% inhibition of six cell lines viz. SW-620, HCT-15, SK-N-SH, IMR-32, Colo-205 and HT-29 at 38, 42, 43, 49, 50 and 89 &#181;g/ml, respectively.展开更多
Objective:Arisaema amurense Maxim 1859 is a tuberous medicinal herb that belongs to the Araceae family.Its medicinal parts are similar to those of other Araceae species,and its medicinal powder is difficult to disting...Objective:Arisaema amurense Maxim 1859 is a tuberous medicinal herb that belongs to the Araceae family.Its medicinal parts are similar to those of other Araceae species,and its medicinal powder is difficult to distinguish,posing threats to clinical drug safety.Materials and Methods:The chloroplast(cp)genome of A.amurense was assembled and analyzed through sequencing on an illumina platform utilizing REPuter,deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)sequence polymorphism,multiple alignments using fast Fourier transform,and other bioinformatics tools and software.Results:The complete cp genome of A.amurense was 171,454 bp in length,including a large singlecopy(LSC)region of 95,953 bp,a small single-copy(SSC)region of 22,447 bp,and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions of 26,515 bp.The total guanine-cytosine(GC)content was 34.43%,with the GC contents of the LSC,SSC,and IR regions being 32.23%,28.48%,and 40.95%,respectively.The cp genome contained 120 genes,including 74 protein-coding genes,38 transfer ribonucleic acid genes,and 8 ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes.Seven hypervariable regions were discovered:trnS-trnR,trnD-trnT,psaC-ndhE,ndhD,ndhL-ndhA,ycf1,and ycf2.Phylogenetic trees constructed from the complete cp genomes of 17 Arisaema species supported a close relationship among A.amurense,Arisaema erubescens,and Arisaema franchetianum.Conclusions:This study provides a foundation for a better understanding of the genetic diversity of A.amurense and offers a theoretical basis for exploring candidate DNA barcodes for molecular identification.展开更多
目的研究胆南星Arisaema Cum Bile多糖组分拮抗高热惊厥模型大鼠神经炎症作用的可能机制。方法采用水提醇沉法制备胆南星多糖,并通过色谱、光谱等方法对其进行结构表征分析;通过ip脂多糖联合热水浴建立高热惊厥模型,随机分为对照组、模...目的研究胆南星Arisaema Cum Bile多糖组分拮抗高热惊厥模型大鼠神经炎症作用的可能机制。方法采用水提醇沉法制备胆南星多糖,并通过色谱、光谱等方法对其进行结构表征分析;通过ip脂多糖联合热水浴建立高热惊厥模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、丙戊酸钠(200 mg/kg)组和胆南星高、低剂量(200、100 mg/kg)组,每组10只。记录每组大鼠惊厥潜伏期,惊厥持续时间和惊厥级别,并于末次造模2 h后测量大鼠肛温;苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色评估海马组织神经元病理变化;ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6及海马组织中γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyricacid,GABA)、谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3(NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)和高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1 protein,HMGB1)水平;采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对大鼠的血清进行代谢组学分析。结果分离制备得到的胆南星多糖中总糖、蛋白质和糖醛酸质量分数分别为79.4%、2.96%和2.35%;气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatographymass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定胆南星多糖主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比分别为0.030∶0.260∶0.115∶0.741∶0.088;傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fouriertransform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)光谱表明多糖含有吡喃环;与模型组比较,胆南星多糖高剂量组大鼠肛温降低(P<0.01)且胆南星多糖高、低剂量组均可显著延长惊厥潜伏期(P<0.01),缩短惊厥持续时间(P<0.01);对海马神经元细胞具有保护作用,升高海马组织GABA含量,同时降低血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6与海马组织中Glu、NLRP3及HMGB1含量(P<0.05、0.01);代谢组学结果表明,胆南星多糖可显著回调16种生物标志物的表达,共涉及花生四烯酸代谢、氨基酸代谢及嘧啶代谢等6条代谢通路径。结论胆南星多糖组分对高热惊厥大鼠表现出显著的拮抗作用,其作用机制可能与解热、保护海马神经元、抑制脑内炎症发生及调节代谢紊乱有关。展开更多
目的研究牛胆汁发酵天南星Arisaematis Rhizoma制备胆南星Arisaema cum Bile过程中微生物群落及化学成分的变化规律,为其炮制机制提供研究思路。方法采用新鲜牛胆汁发酵炮制天南星[药物-辅料1∶3,发酵温度(30±5)℃,发酵湿度(70...目的研究牛胆汁发酵天南星Arisaematis Rhizoma制备胆南星Arisaema cum Bile过程中微生物群落及化学成分的变化规律,为其炮制机制提供研究思路。方法采用新鲜牛胆汁发酵炮制天南星[药物-辅料1∶3,发酵温度(30±5)℃,发酵湿度(70±5)%],制备不同发酵时间的胆南星样品。利用HPLC法对各样品中夏佛塔苷、异夏佛塔苷、黄嘌呤、尿嘧啶等12个成分进行含量测定,同时采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对其中微生物组成进行鉴定和考察。对“微生物-成分”进行相关性分析,探讨两者在发酵炮制过程中的变化规律。结果随着发酵时间的增加,腺嘌呤、鸟苷、夏佛塔苷、腺苷、肌苷、胸腺嘧啶核苷、甘氨胆酸含量降低;胆酸含量增加;次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤含量先增加后减少。菌群分析发现,在门水平上主要以变形菌门、厚壁菌门和蓝藻菌门为主;在属水平上主要以乳酸杆菌和假单胞菌为主。关联分析表明,胆南星中化学成分与菌群(门、属)间存在显著相关,其中腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶核苷与蓝藻菌门、放线菌门呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05);胆酸与厚壁菌门呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论牛胆汁发酵炮制天南星的过程中化学成分与微生物群落之间存在显著的变化规律,为其炮制机制研究提供理论基础。展开更多
基金funded by a grant from The Yakumo Foundation for Environmental Science(2015,to Y.M.)
文摘General decline of understory cover can result from increased abundance of and foraging pressure by deer.But population size and degree of aggregation can increase for unpalatable understory plants that escape foraging pressure.Clonal reproduction can enable unpalatable plant species to increase their population sizes while trending toward spatially aggregated distributions.However,the details of the relationship between clonal reproduction in unpalatable plants and their dynamics under intensive deer herbivory are not clear.We compared the population structures and spatial patterns of two coexisting unpalatable plant species,Arisaema ovale(with clonal reproduction)and A.peninsulae(without clonal reproduction)in a riparian forest intensively grazed by Sika deer,and examined the null hypothesis that the extent of spatial aggregation and local population size would not differ between the clonal and non-clonal Arisaema species.In a 0.36-ha plot,A.ovale had a larger population size(1087 individuals)with a higher abundance ratio of small plants(p<0.01)than A.peninsulae(84 individuals).Analyses of spatial point processes showed that both populations were spatially aggregated(p<0.05).The spatial aggregation of A.peninsulae,however,became weaker than that of A.ovale,when we excluded one dense patch originating from irregular seed dispersion.These results,excluding the aggregated distribution observed in A.peninsulae,suggested a substantial contribution of clonal reproduction to the expansion of the local A.ovale population following intensive grazing by Sika deer.
文摘A morphologically intermediate plant between Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott has been newly found in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The putative hybrid has the intermediate morphological characteristics of the parental species. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that the putative hybrid has a combined pattern of the two putative parent species. Moreover, the sequence result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative hybrid was identical to that of A. sikokianum. These results suggest that the putative hybrid is a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum and that it was formed by interactive gene exchanging via pollens from A. serratum to A. sikokianum. It is the first record of a hybrid between A. sikokianum and A. serratum.
文摘Morphologically putative introgressive hybrids of Arisaema sikokianum Franch. et Sav. and A. tosaense Makino were newly found in Kochi and Tokushima Prefectures in Japan. All the individuals have the same morphological characteristics as A. tosaense excluding a purple spathe. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear DNA (nrDNA) indicates that these putative introgressive hybrids have the same pattern as A. tosaense. Moreover, the sequences of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the putative introgressive hybrids were identical to A. sikokianum from Kochi Prefecture and A. tosaense from Tokushima Prefecture. The results suggest that the plants are introgressive hybrids of A. sikokianum and A. tosaense and that they have highly exchanged genes with A. tosaense.
文摘Arisaema tosaense Makino develops either 1 or 2 leaves during both the male and female phases. To clarify the relationship between growth stage (sexual stage) and leaf number in this species, we conducted morphological analysis using A. tosaense, A. japonicum Bulme, A. sikokianum French. & Sav., and A. ringens (Thunb.) Schott. We found that increase in size of pseudostem of these Arisaema species is correlated to changes in the growth stage from sterile to male and from male to female phases. In particular, 1-leaf individuals of A. tosaense appeared at the beginning of both male and female phases, suggesting that they contribute to the earlier appearance of the fertile phase from sterile
文摘Arisaema iyoanum Makino subsp. nakaianum (Ohba) H. Ohashi et J. Murata and A. ovale Nakai var. ovale are known to have one-leaved phenotype in both males and females;however, we discovered two-leaved individuals of these species. To elucidate the relationship between growth stage and leaf number of A. iyoanum subsp. nakaianum and A. ovale var. ovale, we conducted a morphological analysis of these plants. Our analysis suggested that the two-leaved individuals of A. iyoanum subsp. nakaianum and A. ovale var. ovale appeared only at the female phase. This suggested that one-leaved A. iyoanum subsp. nakaianum and A. ovale var. ovale individuals could not store the resources and hence changed to two-leaved individuals. This transformation could be explained by the fact that these species occur at high altitudes in mountain areas or regions covered in snow of the Japan Sea side, and their flowering time is also late compared with that in other sympatric Arisaema species.
文摘Lectins are the carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin which have been the subject of intense investigation over the last few decades owing to the variety of interesting biological properties. Most of the lectins which have been purified and characterized from plants have been obtained from dicotyledons. In the present study a lectin was purified from tubers of a monocot plant Arisaema utile (AUL) Schott by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica beads. AUL gave a single band in SDS-PAGE at pH 8.3 corresponding to subunit Mr 13.5 kDa. The native molecular mass of AUL was 54 kDa suggesting a homotetrameric structure. AUL gave multiple bands in isoelectric focusing and in native PAGE at pH 8.3. AUL was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (Lac NAc), a disaccharide and asialofetuin, a complex desialylated serum glycoprotein. When treated with denaturing agents, the lectin was stable in the presence of urea (3 M), thiourea (4 M) and guanidine HCl (4 M). AUL was a glycoprotein with a carbohydrate content of 1.2%. Complete loss of activity was observed upon modification of tryptophan residues of the lectin. The activity was reduced to 25% after modification of tyrosine. Chemical modification of arginine, histidine, serine and cysteine residues of AUL did not affect its activity. Using Far UV CD spectra the estimated secondary structure was 37% α-helix, 25% β-sheet and 38% random contributions. The lectin showed potent mitogenic response towards human lymphocytes. In vitro anti-proliferative assay using 11 human cancer cell lines resulted in 50% inhibition of six cell lines viz. SW-620, HCT-15, SK-N-SH, IMR-32, Colo-205 and HT-29 at 38, 42, 43, 49, 50 and 89 &#181;g/ml, respectively.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes of China(ZXKT23004,ZXKT21026,and ZZ15-YQ-033)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A03910 and CI2021A04106)the Major Special Project of Scientific and Technological Cooperation of Beijing(2021-02)。
文摘Objective:Arisaema amurense Maxim 1859 is a tuberous medicinal herb that belongs to the Araceae family.Its medicinal parts are similar to those of other Araceae species,and its medicinal powder is difficult to distinguish,posing threats to clinical drug safety.Materials and Methods:The chloroplast(cp)genome of A.amurense was assembled and analyzed through sequencing on an illumina platform utilizing REPuter,deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)sequence polymorphism,multiple alignments using fast Fourier transform,and other bioinformatics tools and software.Results:The complete cp genome of A.amurense was 171,454 bp in length,including a large singlecopy(LSC)region of 95,953 bp,a small single-copy(SSC)region of 22,447 bp,and a pair of inverted repeat(IR)regions of 26,515 bp.The total guanine-cytosine(GC)content was 34.43%,with the GC contents of the LSC,SSC,and IR regions being 32.23%,28.48%,and 40.95%,respectively.The cp genome contained 120 genes,including 74 protein-coding genes,38 transfer ribonucleic acid genes,and 8 ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes.Seven hypervariable regions were discovered:trnS-trnR,trnD-trnT,psaC-ndhE,ndhD,ndhL-ndhA,ycf1,and ycf2.Phylogenetic trees constructed from the complete cp genomes of 17 Arisaema species supported a close relationship among A.amurense,Arisaema erubescens,and Arisaema franchetianum.Conclusions:This study provides a foundation for a better understanding of the genetic diversity of A.amurense and offers a theoretical basis for exploring candidate DNA barcodes for molecular identification.
文摘目的研究胆南星Arisaema Cum Bile多糖组分拮抗高热惊厥模型大鼠神经炎症作用的可能机制。方法采用水提醇沉法制备胆南星多糖,并通过色谱、光谱等方法对其进行结构表征分析;通过ip脂多糖联合热水浴建立高热惊厥模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、丙戊酸钠(200 mg/kg)组和胆南星高、低剂量(200、100 mg/kg)组,每组10只。记录每组大鼠惊厥潜伏期,惊厥持续时间和惊厥级别,并于末次造模2 h后测量大鼠肛温;苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色评估海马组织神经元病理变化;ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6及海马组织中γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyricacid,GABA)、谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3(NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3,NLRP3)和高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1 protein,HMGB1)水平;采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对大鼠的血清进行代谢组学分析。结果分离制备得到的胆南星多糖中总糖、蛋白质和糖醛酸质量分数分别为79.4%、2.96%和2.35%;气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatographymass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定胆南星多糖主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比分别为0.030∶0.260∶0.115∶0.741∶0.088;傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fouriertransform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)光谱表明多糖含有吡喃环;与模型组比较,胆南星多糖高剂量组大鼠肛温降低(P<0.01)且胆南星多糖高、低剂量组均可显著延长惊厥潜伏期(P<0.01),缩短惊厥持续时间(P<0.01);对海马神经元细胞具有保护作用,升高海马组织GABA含量,同时降低血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6与海马组织中Glu、NLRP3及HMGB1含量(P<0.05、0.01);代谢组学结果表明,胆南星多糖可显著回调16种生物标志物的表达,共涉及花生四烯酸代谢、氨基酸代谢及嘧啶代谢等6条代谢通路径。结论胆南星多糖组分对高热惊厥大鼠表现出显著的拮抗作用,其作用机制可能与解热、保护海马神经元、抑制脑内炎症发生及调节代谢紊乱有关。
文摘目的研究牛胆汁发酵天南星Arisaematis Rhizoma制备胆南星Arisaema cum Bile过程中微生物群落及化学成分的变化规律,为其炮制机制提供研究思路。方法采用新鲜牛胆汁发酵炮制天南星[药物-辅料1∶3,发酵温度(30±5)℃,发酵湿度(70±5)%],制备不同发酵时间的胆南星样品。利用HPLC法对各样品中夏佛塔苷、异夏佛塔苷、黄嘌呤、尿嘧啶等12个成分进行含量测定,同时采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对其中微生物组成进行鉴定和考察。对“微生物-成分”进行相关性分析,探讨两者在发酵炮制过程中的变化规律。结果随着发酵时间的增加,腺嘌呤、鸟苷、夏佛塔苷、腺苷、肌苷、胸腺嘧啶核苷、甘氨胆酸含量降低;胆酸含量增加;次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤含量先增加后减少。菌群分析发现,在门水平上主要以变形菌门、厚壁菌门和蓝藻菌门为主;在属水平上主要以乳酸杆菌和假单胞菌为主。关联分析表明,胆南星中化学成分与菌群(门、属)间存在显著相关,其中腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶核苷与蓝藻菌门、放线菌门呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05);胆酸与厚壁菌门呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论牛胆汁发酵炮制天南星的过程中化学成分与微生物群落之间存在显著的变化规律,为其炮制机制研究提供理论基础。
