Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative imp...Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative impact of physical restraint on patients' psychological and physical health. The current authors review the ethical and legal underpinnings of the opponents' and proponents' views. On one hand, there is a clear violation of the main principles of the code of ethics. Autonomy and justice;as the patients are tied against their will and without obtaining their consent, non-maleficent;as physical restraints are reported in many cases of physical and psychological traumas, thus many agencies prohibited the use of physical restraints as a safety method to be replaced with other deescalating techniques. On the other hand, physical restraints are a precious method in controlling aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety, which is the selective beneficence in providing patient care. Also, most of the same agencies who prohibited the use of restraints, agreed the use of physical restraint as the last resor t.Summary statement What is already known about this topic?· Currently, physical restraint is used as the first accessible method to manage patients' behaviors, without considering the negative aura that surrounds the way of treatment. The usage of physical restraint has gone beyond the purpose of maintaining patient safety and managing aggressive behaviors to be a punishment method.· The Ethical and Legal context of using physical restraints is still vague and needs more clarification.What does this paper add?· This manuscript illustrates the Ethical and Legal points of view of the opponents and proponents of using physical restraints.· The current manuscript clearly justifies the authors' point of view to oppose physical restraints usage and how physical restraints violate the core principles of the code of ethics. In addition, it illustrates the legal agencies that suppor t/oppose the usage of physical restraint and the rationale beyond that position.· This manuscript provides alternatives to manage patients' aggressive behaviors and other ways to protect patients' safety as well as patient's dignity and code of ethics.The implications of this paper This argumentative essay provides an accessible, relevant exploration of public health policy, and its impact on nursing practice, mental health services, and patient health. Moreover, it provides a forum for mental health services to evaluate the current implications of physical restraints. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies and projects on physical restraints usage.展开更多
Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in lin...Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.展开更多
Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in fresh...Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.展开更多
To study a class of boundary value problems of parabolic differential equations with deviating arguments, averaging technique, Green’s formula and symbol function sign(·) are used. The multi dimensional problem...To study a class of boundary value problems of parabolic differential equations with deviating arguments, averaging technique, Green’s formula and symbol function sign(·) are used. The multi dimensional problem was reduced to a one dimensional oscillation problem for ordinary differential equations or inequalities. Two oscillatory criteria of solutions for systems of parabolic differential equations with deviating arguments are obtained.展开更多
Based on the perspective of the schema theory and modern education technology,In this paper,the method of ran dom experimnet is used to measure how two types of schema instruction‘video clip’and‘multimedia coursew...Based on the perspective of the schema theory and modern education technology,In this paper,the method of ran dom experimnet is used to measure how two types of schema instruction‘video clip’and‘multimedia courseware’influence Chinese college students’reading comprehension of English argumentation.The results illustrate the schema instruction can not only develop the students’sensibility of English argumentation structure,but also activate the schema in students’memory.Mul timedia courseware instruction is superior to video clip instruction.The paper proposes its viewpoints concerned.展开更多
Aim To study properties of solutions to a class of second order differential inequality with continuous distributed deviating arguments. Methods A direct analysis technique was used. Results and Conclusion Some suf...Aim To study properties of solutions to a class of second order differential inequality with continuous distributed deviating arguments. Methods A direct analysis technique was used. Results and Conclusion Some sufficient conditions that ensure a class of second order delay differential inequality having no eventually positive solutions were obtained, which generalized some given results. Using the results, some oscillatory criteria for solutions of the hyperbolic equation with distributed deviating arguments can be established.展开更多
Academic writing has been emphasized for years among English major students,and PhD students who need to pub lish their work in English,but few of these people could produce essays academically. The key problem that t...Academic writing has been emphasized for years among English major students,and PhD students who need to pub lish their work in English,but few of these people could produce essays academically. The key problem that they are faced with is argument,argumentation and critical thinking in academic writing. These three notions are reviewed and the followed teaching preliminary suggestions are presented in this essay.展开更多
The main purpose of this article is to present the initial phase of the project in the field of argumentation theory and political philosophy. Project concerns studies of different types of rationality in the context ...The main purpose of this article is to present the initial phase of the project in the field of argumentation theory and political philosophy. Project concerns studies of different types of rationality in the context of the argumentation. Background consideration is the problem of incommensurability and incompatibility types of rationality in political and ideological disputes. The first step is the establishment of a category of argumentative potential as a criterion for the typology of argument, which will build a map of argumentation, which will provide a starting point for a discussion. Apart from demonstrating the disproportion of discourses, the conclusion of the argument is to prove the local character of rationality.展开更多
During the period of time starting from 9th Saeima Latvian political scene changed significantly. Emergency parliamentary elections in autumn 2011 completely changed Latvian Republic＇s political scene. So-called ＂ol...During the period of time starting from 9th Saeima Latvian political scene changed significantly. Emergency parliamentary elections in autumn 2011 completely changed Latvian Republic＇s political scene. So-called ＂oligarchs＂ parties disappeared from the scene and since the elections government leader is liberal-conservative, center-right party. Changes in political discourse were expected also viewing parties election programs. Whether the discourse changed not only theoretically, but practically？ Communication with electorate provides citizens information to be able to vote for the appropriate candidate. Argumentation and speakers interaction are important aspects in the context of political discourse. Unlike more empirical discourse analysis, argumentation theory and its descriptive and evaluative elements intend critical dimension. In the study presented argumentation analysis of media materials is made according to Walton＇s argument classification model. Conclusions about political culture in Latvia are made based on the arguments used by political actors. In the big picture results of the study are related to democratic state order.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction about DCs in argumentative writings by 15 Chinese learners of English. This study involved in a 4-week experiment. Pre-and post-writing tests were quantitativ...This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction about DCs in argumentative writings by 15 Chinese learners of English. This study involved in a 4-week experiment. Pre-and post-writing tests were quantitatively analyzed to examine whether the explicit instruction about DCs had a significant effect on the students'argumentative writing. The findings revealed that the ex-plicit instruction of the target DCs facilitated the improvement of the participants in their argumentative writing .展开更多
Dung’s theory of argumentation frameworks (AF) has been applied in many fields of artificial intelligence. The arguments and attack relation are generally partly believed due to the uncertainty in the process of mini...Dung’s theory of argumentation frameworks (AF) has been applied in many fields of artificial intelligence. The arguments and attack relation are generally partly believed due to the uncertainty in the process of mining them. Fuzzy AFs catch uncertainty in AFs by associating fuzzy degrees with the arguments or the attacks. Among the various semantics of fuzzy AFs, the comparative semantics develops and defines Dung’s extensions in the form of fuzzy sets. However, the comparative semantic system only puts forward some basic concepts, and has not been deeply studied in terms of algorithms and properties. This paper studies the comparative semantics of fuzzy AFs based on the Łukasiewicz t-norm in a more in-depth and comprehensive manner. This work is not only a supplement and improvement to comparative semantic in theory, but also beneficial to the calculation and fast identification of its various extensions (based on the Łukasiewicz t-norm).展开更多
Based on Mansevich-Mawhin continuation theorem and some analysis skill,some sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions for mixed type p-Laplacian equation with deviating arguments are established,...Based on Mansevich-Mawhin continuation theorem and some analysis skill,some sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions for mixed type p-Laplacian equation with deviating arguments are established,which are complement of previously known results.展开更多
In this paper we introduce new classes of analytic functions with fixed argument of coefficients defined by subordination. Coefficient estimates, distortion theorems, integral means inequalities, and the radii of conv...In this paper we introduce new classes of analytic functions with fixed argument of coefficients defined by subordination. Coefficient estimates, distortion theorems, integral means inequalities, and the radii of convexity and starlikeness are investigated. Convolution properties are also pointed out.展开更多
By means of Mawhin's continuation theorem,we study a kind of lie'nard functional differential equations:x"(t)+f(x(t))x'(t)+g(t,x(t-τ(t))) = e(t).Some new results on the existence and uniqueness of pe...By means of Mawhin's continuation theorem,we study a kind of lie'nard functional differential equations:x"(t)+f(x(t))x'(t)+g(t,x(t-τ(t))) = e(t).Some new results on the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions are obtained.展开更多
The oscillations of a class of vector parabolic partial differential equations with continuous distribution arguments are studied.By employing the concept of H-oscillation and the method of reducing dimension with inn...The oscillations of a class of vector parabolic partial differential equations with continuous distribution arguments are studied.By employing the concept of H-oscillation and the method of reducing dimension with inner product,the multi-dimensional oscillation problems are changed into the problems of which one-dimensional functional differential inequalities have not eventually positive solution.Some new sufficient conditions for the H-oscillation of all solutions of the equations are obtained under Dirichlet boundary condition,where H is a unit vector of RM.展开更多
In this paper, the stability and bifurcation behaviors of a predator-prey model with the piecewise constant arguments and time delay are investigated. Technical approach is fully based on Jury criterion and bifurcatio...In this paper, the stability and bifurcation behaviors of a predator-prey model with the piecewise constant arguments and time delay are investigated. Technical approach is fully based on Jury criterion and bifurcation theory. The interesting point is that the model will produce two different branches by limiting branch parameters of different intervals. Besides, image simulation is also given.展开更多
Based on the theoretical foundation of thematic progression construction, this paper introduces several common patterns of thematic progression and attempts to find applicability of patterns of thematic progression in...Based on the theoretical foundation of thematic progression construction, this paper introduces several common patterns of thematic progression and attempts to find applicability of patterns of thematic progression in the teaching of CET-4 argumentative writing from the perspective of discourse so as to show the implication of these patterns for the teaching of college English writing.展开更多
文摘Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative impact of physical restraint on patients' psychological and physical health. The current authors review the ethical and legal underpinnings of the opponents' and proponents' views. On one hand, there is a clear violation of the main principles of the code of ethics. Autonomy and justice;as the patients are tied against their will and without obtaining their consent, non-maleficent;as physical restraints are reported in many cases of physical and psychological traumas, thus many agencies prohibited the use of physical restraints as a safety method to be replaced with other deescalating techniques. On the other hand, physical restraints are a precious method in controlling aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety, which is the selective beneficence in providing patient care. Also, most of the same agencies who prohibited the use of restraints, agreed the use of physical restraint as the last resor t.Summary statement What is already known about this topic?· Currently, physical restraint is used as the first accessible method to manage patients' behaviors, without considering the negative aura that surrounds the way of treatment. The usage of physical restraint has gone beyond the purpose of maintaining patient safety and managing aggressive behaviors to be a punishment method.· The Ethical and Legal context of using physical restraints is still vague and needs more clarification.What does this paper add?· This manuscript illustrates the Ethical and Legal points of view of the opponents and proponents of using physical restraints.· The current manuscript clearly justifies the authors' point of view to oppose physical restraints usage and how physical restraints violate the core principles of the code of ethics. In addition, it illustrates the legal agencies that suppor t/oppose the usage of physical restraint and the rationale beyond that position.· This manuscript provides alternatives to manage patients' aggressive behaviors and other ways to protect patients' safety as well as patient's dignity and code of ethics.The implications of this paper This argumentative essay provides an accessible, relevant exploration of public health policy, and its impact on nursing practice, mental health services, and patient health. Moreover, it provides a forum for mental health services to evaluate the current implications of physical restraints. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies and projects on physical restraints usage.
文摘Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.
文摘Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.
文摘To study a class of boundary value problems of parabolic differential equations with deviating arguments, averaging technique, Green’s formula and symbol function sign(·) are used. The multi dimensional problem was reduced to a one dimensional oscillation problem for ordinary differential equations or inequalities. Two oscillatory criteria of solutions for systems of parabolic differential equations with deviating arguments are obtained.
文摘Based on the perspective of the schema theory and modern education technology,In this paper,the method of ran dom experimnet is used to measure how two types of schema instruction‘video clip’and‘multimedia courseware’influence Chinese college students’reading comprehension of English argumentation.The results illustrate the schema instruction can not only develop the students’sensibility of English argumentation structure,but also activate the schema in students’memory.Mul timedia courseware instruction is superior to video clip instruction.The paper proposes its viewpoints concerned.
文摘Aim To study properties of solutions to a class of second order differential inequality with continuous distributed deviating arguments. Methods A direct analysis technique was used. Results and Conclusion Some sufficient conditions that ensure a class of second order delay differential inequality having no eventually positive solutions were obtained, which generalized some given results. Using the results, some oscillatory criteria for solutions of the hyperbolic equation with distributed deviating arguments can be established.
文摘Academic writing has been emphasized for years among English major students,and PhD students who need to pub lish their work in English,but few of these people could produce essays academically. The key problem that they are faced with is argument,argumentation and critical thinking in academic writing. These three notions are reviewed and the followed teaching preliminary suggestions are presented in this essay.
文摘The main purpose of this article is to present the initial phase of the project in the field of argumentation theory and political philosophy. Project concerns studies of different types of rationality in the context of the argumentation. Background consideration is the problem of incommensurability and incompatibility types of rationality in political and ideological disputes. The first step is the establishment of a category of argumentative potential as a criterion for the typology of argument, which will build a map of argumentation, which will provide a starting point for a discussion. Apart from demonstrating the disproportion of discourses, the conclusion of the argument is to prove the local character of rationality.
文摘During the period of time starting from 9th Saeima Latvian political scene changed significantly. Emergency parliamentary elections in autumn 2011 completely changed Latvian Republic＇s political scene. So-called ＂oligarchs＂ parties disappeared from the scene and since the elections government leader is liberal-conservative, center-right party. Changes in political discourse were expected also viewing parties election programs. Whether the discourse changed not only theoretically, but practically？ Communication with electorate provides citizens information to be able to vote for the appropriate candidate. Argumentation and speakers interaction are important aspects in the context of political discourse. Unlike more empirical discourse analysis, argumentation theory and its descriptive and evaluative elements intend critical dimension. In the study presented argumentation analysis of media materials is made according to Walton＇s argument classification model. Conclusions about political culture in Latvia are made based on the arguments used by political actors. In the big picture results of the study are related to democratic state order.
文摘This study investigated the effect of explicit instruction about DCs in argumentative writings by 15 Chinese learners of English. This study involved in a 4-week experiment. Pre-and post-writing tests were quantitatively analyzed to examine whether the explicit instruction about DCs had a significant effect on the students'argumentative writing. The findings revealed that the ex-plicit instruction of the target DCs facilitated the improvement of the participants in their argumentative writing .
文摘Dung’s theory of argumentation frameworks (AF) has been applied in many fields of artificial intelligence. The arguments and attack relation are generally partly believed due to the uncertainty in the process of mining them. Fuzzy AFs catch uncertainty in AFs by associating fuzzy degrees with the arguments or the attacks. Among the various semantics of fuzzy AFs, the comparative semantics develops and defines Dung’s extensions in the form of fuzzy sets. However, the comparative semantic system only puts forward some basic concepts, and has not been deeply studied in terms of algorithms and properties. This paper studies the comparative semantics of fuzzy AFs based on the Łukasiewicz t-norm in a more in-depth and comprehensive manner. This work is not only a supplement and improvement to comparative semantic in theory, but also beneficial to the calculation and fast identification of its various extensions (based on the Łukasiewicz t-norm).
基金Foundation item： Supported by the Foundation of Education Department of Jiangxi Province（G J J11234） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province（2009GQS0023） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shangrao Normal University（1001）
文摘Based on Mansevich-Mawhin continuation theorem and some analysis skill,some sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions for mixed type p-Laplacian equation with deviating arguments are established,which are complement of previously known results.
文摘In this paper we introduce new classes of analytic functions with fixed argument of coefficients defined by subordination. Coefficient estimates, distortion theorems, integral means inequalities, and the radii of convexity and starlikeness are investigated. Convolution properties are also pointed out.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the Anhui Natural Science Foundation（050460103） Supported by the NSF of Anhui Educational Bureau（KJ2008B247） Supported by the RSPYT of Anhui Educational Bu- reau（2008jq1111）
文摘By means of Mawhin's continuation theorem,we study a kind of lie'nard functional differential equations:x"(t)+f(x(t))x'(t)+g(t,x(t-τ(t))) = e(t).Some new results on the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions are obtained.
基金Supported by the Science Research Foundation of Administration of Education of Hunan Province(07C164)
文摘The oscillations of a class of vector parabolic partial differential equations with continuous distribution arguments are studied.By employing the concept of H-oscillation and the method of reducing dimension with inner product,the multi-dimensional oscillation problems are changed into the problems of which one-dimensional functional differential inequalities have not eventually positive solution.Some new sufficient conditions for the H-oscillation of all solutions of the equations are obtained under Dirichlet boundary condition,where H is a unit vector of RM.
基金supported by Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher(YETP0458)
文摘In this paper, the stability and bifurcation behaviors of a predator-prey model with the piecewise constant arguments and time delay are investigated. Technical approach is fully based on Jury criterion and bifurcation theory. The interesting point is that the model will produce two different branches by limiting branch parameters of different intervals. Besides, image simulation is also given.
文摘Based on the theoretical foundation of thematic progression construction, this paper introduces several common patterns of thematic progression and attempts to find applicability of patterns of thematic progression in the teaching of CET-4 argumentative writing from the perspective of discourse so as to show the implication of these patterns for the teaching of college English writing.
