The East China Sea(ECS)off the Coast of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang(ECS-CZA)is home to abundant fishery resources and an important spawning,feeding,and nursing ground for a variety of fish species.Due to long-term o...The East China Sea(ECS)off the Coast of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang(ECS-CZA)is home to abundant fishery resources and an important spawning,feeding,and nursing ground for a variety of fish species.Due to long-term overfishing,the ichthyoplankton structure has been dramatically altered.Understanding the species composition and distribution of fish eggs and larvae is one of the most essential tasks to accurately regulate fishery resources and formulate effective management policies;however,little is known about the ichthyoplankton in this region.In this study,an integrated strategy of morphology identification(MI)and mitochondrial COI DNA barcoding was used to identify species of fish eggs and larvae collected from the ECSCZA.MI revealed 15 fish egg species belonging to 12 families and 12 fish larva species belonging to 12 families;in contrast,DNA barcoding altogether identified 30 species,including 18 fish egg species and 13 fish larva species.One species was shared between the egg and larva samples.Our study offers useful tools and critical scientific information for further understanding the diversity,distribution,and conservation management of various ichthyoplankton species in the marine environment.展开更多
Nestedness is one of the important patterns in island biogeography,community ecology and conservation biology.However,most previous nestedness studies focus on the taxonomic dimension while neglecting the functional a...Nestedness is one of the important patterns in island biogeography,community ecology and conservation biology.However,most previous nestedness studies focus on the taxonomic dimension while neglecting the functional and phylogenetic processes in generating nestedness.Moreover,few studies have examined the seasonal change of the nestedness and underlying processes.Here,we examined the seasonal nestedness of bird assemblages in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions,and determined the underlying processes of nestedness patterns in the Zhoushan Archipelago,China.We surveyed the occurrence, abundance,and habitats of birds on 40 islands.We calculated taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic nestedness using WNODF and treeNODF.We determined the processes underlying nestedness by relating nestedness ranks to island characteristics and species traits.The WNODF analyses showed that bird assemblages in winter and summer were both significantly nested.The habitat-by-site matrix was also significantly nested.The nestedness of bird assemblages was significantly correlated with island area,habitat diversity,habitat specificity,minimum area requirement,habitat specificity and hand-wing index(HWI) of birds in both seasons.While the distance to the nearest mainland(DTM) exerted the influence on nestedness in summer,the distance to the nearest larger island(DTNL)affected nestedness only in winter.However,the nestedness of bird assemblages was not caused by passive sampling or human disturbance.The results of treeNODF analyses illustrated that bird assemblages were functionally and phylogenetically nested in summer and winter,but the exact mechanisms were somewhat different in these two seasons.Overall,our results supported the habitat nestedness hypothesis,selective extinction hypothesis,and selective colonization hypothesis in both seasons.From a conservation viewpoint,we should protect islands with large area and diverse habitats,islands close to the mainland,and species with large area requirement and high habitat specificity to prevent local extinction.展开更多
Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced b...Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.展开更多
Studying coexistence mechanisms is practically important for understanding and conserving marine biodiversity and community structure. Tropical marine ecosystems may exhibit higher competition between top predators du...Studying coexistence mechanisms is practically important for understanding and conserving marine biodiversity and community structure. Tropical marine ecosystems may exhibit higher competition between top predators due to generally low primary productivity and pronounced seasonal fluctuation in food availability. Consequentially, niche segregation in sympatric breeding seabirds is expected to occur as a mechanism to maintain species coexistence. However, a single-dimensional study on seabird niche segregation might result in unclear niche overlap. Here, we investigated multi-dimensional niche segregation of tropical seabirds during field expeditions to the Xisha Archipelago, China, in 2023. We reconfirmed the breeding status of six species of terns and noddy, and further revealed the multi-dimensional niche segregation among Black-naped (Sterna sumatrana), Bridled (Onychoprion anaethetus) and Roseate (Sterna dougallii) Terns. Spatially, these three species utilized nest sites that differentiated by vegetation and distance to sea. Temporally, Black-naped Terns bred earlier and for a longer period, while Bridled and Roseate Terns had more restricted breeding seasons. Furthermore, the daily foraging activity patterns of these species also differed, with Bridled Terns potentially having a longer foraging time at noon. In terms of diet, Bridled Terns were opportunists that fed on fishes, squids and insects, such as migratory fruit-piercing moths, while Roseate Terns were primarily piscivorous, especially feeding on Exocoetidae (flying fishes). Seabirds play a crucial role in marine ecosystems and are globally threatened. Our findings shed light on the complex mechanisms facilitating the coexistence of sympatric seabird species in China. Further research is needed to examine other ecological interactions and to develop effective conservation strategies for protecting these valuable seabird populations.展开更多
Nested subset pattern(nestedness)is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology.However,most previous studies often used nestedness metrics or randomization algorithms t...Nested subset pattern(nestedness)is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology.However,most previous studies often used nestedness metrics or randomization algorithms that are vulnerable to type I error.In this study,we inves-tigated the nestedness of lizard assemblages on 37 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago,China.We used the line-transect method to survey species occurrence,abundance,and habitat types of lizards on 37 islands during 2 breeding seasons in 2021 and 2022.We applied the nested metric WNODF and the conservative rc null model to control for type I error and quantify the significance of nestedness.Spearman rank cor relations were used to evaluate the role of 4 habitat variables(island area,2 isolation indices,and habitat diversity)and 4 ecological traits(body size,geographic range size,clutch size,and minimum area requirement)in generating nestedness.The results of WNODF analyses showed that lizard assemblages were significantly nested.The habitat-by-site matrix estimated by the program NODF was also significantly nested,support-ing the habitat nestedness hypothesis.The nestedness of lizard assemblages were significantly correlated with island area,habitat diversity.clutch size,and minimum area requirement.Overall,our results suggest that selective extinction and habitat nestedness were the main drivers of lizard nestedness in our system.In contrast,the nestedness of lizard assemblages was not due to passive sampling or selective colonization.To maximize the number of species preserved,our results indicate that we should protect both large islands with diverse habitats and species with largearea requirement and clutch size.展开更多
Nestedness is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology.However,most previous studies focused on taxonomic dimension and overlooked functional and phylogenetic nestedn...Nestedness is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology.However,most previous studies focused on taxonomic dimension and overlooked functional and phylogenetic nestedness.Here,we simultaneously investigated taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic nestedness of terrestrial mammals on 39 land-bridge islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago,China.As mammals’response to the environment may depend on their body size,we performed analyses for three mammal assemblages separately:overall species,large and medium-sized species,and small species.The taxonomic nestedness was quantified by organizing the species incidence matrix,while the functional and phylogenetic nestedness were estimated by combining the similarity of their ecological traits and phylogeny.Island characteristics(island area,three isolation indices,land use intensity,and habitat diversity)and species traits(body size,litter size,habitat specificity,geographic range size,and minimum area requirement)were used as predictors of nestedness.Overall and small species were significantly nested in 3 facets of nestedness,and results supported the selective extinction,selective colonization,and habitat nestedness hypotheses.Large and medium-sized species were functionally and phylogenetically nested when matrices were ordered by increasing distance to mainland,supporting the selective colonization hypothesis.Overall,differences in nestedness and its underlying mechanisms were detected not only in 3 facets of nestedness but also in the 3 mammal assemblages.Therefore,frameworks that incorporate taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional nestedness can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of nestedness processes.Additionally,it also improves our ability to understand the divergent responses of mammal assemblages to the insular environment.展开更多
重大事件冲击对公共物品整体或部分估值时间稳定性的影响是一个尚待研究的重要问题。文章以具有地理嵌入关系的山东庙岛群岛为案例地,针对其海洋地质遗迹旅游资源公共物品的整体和部分非使用价值估值展开研究。通过2017年和2022年间隔5...重大事件冲击对公共物品整体或部分估值时间稳定性的影响是一个尚待研究的重要问题。文章以具有地理嵌入关系的山东庙岛群岛为案例地,针对其海洋地质遗迹旅游资源公共物品的整体和部分非使用价值估值展开研究。通过2017年和2022年间隔5年的两期问卷调查收集数据,分析重大事件冲击对群岛旅游资源公共物品整体独立估值及整体-部分同时估值时间稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,重大事件冲击导致群岛旅游资源公共物品整体独立估值和整体-部分同时估值均呈现时间不稳定性。具体而言,整体独立估值的支付意愿(willingness to pay,WTP)与整体-部分同时估值的WTP均呈显著下降趋势,降幅均达30%左右;此外,2017年和2022年的数据均表明,不同方法计算得出的公众保护群岛旅游资源公共物品最大范围、中间范围和最小范围的WTP均呈现边际WTP递减且递减趋势基本一致。值得注意的是,重大事件冲击并未改变由边际效用递减和饱和程度引起的公共物品边际WTP递减趋势。重大事件冲击下,独立列表方法、预先披露信息设计以及自上而下或自下而上估值顺序等嵌入公共物品估值的执行方案仍然适用。研究建议:(1)若研究期处于重大事件冲击形势下,公共物品整体或部分估值存在较大幅度下降的不稳定性,公共物品整体或部分的估值结果需谨慎使用和推广;(2)嵌入公共物品整体与部分估值存在边际WTP递减现象,嵌入公共物品整体与部分保护资金的分配应考虑边际递减问题。展开更多
于2022年10月运用环境DNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA metabarcoding)技术检测了渤海海峡庙岛群岛海域大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性,比较了环境DNA和传统形态学分类对大型底栖动物的检出效果,探索了影响底栖动物种...于2022年10月运用环境DNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA metabarcoding)技术检测了渤海海峡庙岛群岛海域大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性,比较了环境DNA和传统形态学分类对大型底栖动物的检出效果,探索了影响底栖动物种类组成的主要环境因子。结果显示,在庙岛群岛海域16个站位基于18S rDNA宏条形码检测出大型底栖动物12门19纲43目88科110属223个特征序列(Amplicon Sequence Variants,ASVs),环节动物门、扁形动物门和软体动物门为优势类群;基于形态学分类检测出7大门类68个属,主要类群为环节动物和软体动物。上述两种方法所得大型底栖动物种类组成和多样性存在显著差异,环境DNA在门和属水平上能鉴定出更多的种类,Margalef丰富度指数较高,但未能注释出节肢动物甲壳纲。底层水盐度和沉积物粒度参数(中值粒径和偏度)、TOC含量是影响庙岛群岛海域大型底栖动物群落组成的主要环境因子。研究结果表明,环境DNA宏条形码技术作为一种生物多样性监测新方法在大型底栖动物快速监/检测中具有较高的应用潜力,与传统形态学分类相结合能够全面了解区域内海洋底栖动物的种类和生物多样性。展开更多
待分解信号复杂度增大时传统单信号分解技术易产生过高特征空间维度的高频本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),从而严重限制了长短时记忆神经网络(long short term memory,LSTM)的长时序预报能力。以舟山群岛南部外海某观测点...待分解信号复杂度增大时传统单信号分解技术易产生过高特征空间维度的高频本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),从而严重限制了长短时记忆神经网络(long short term memory,LSTM)的长时序预报能力。以舟山群岛南部外海某观测点所收集的海浪数据为基础,提出融合ICEEMDAN-VMD级联分解策略和LSTM的混合模型。该混合模型准确捕捉海洋波浪的非线性特征和长时序依赖规律,提高了复杂海况下对有效波高、有效波周期、波向的长时预报能力。与多变量LSTM模型相比,混合模型的48 h和72 h有效波高预测均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)降幅分别为53.9%和33.8%,有效波周期预测RMSE降幅分别为46.1%和39.1%,波向预测RMSE降幅分别为30.5%和23.9%。与EMD-LSTM模型相比,混合模型有效波高、有效波周期、波向的RMSE平均降幅分别为13.52%、17.79%、15.39%。展开更多
文摘The East China Sea(ECS)off the Coast of Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang(ECS-CZA)is home to abundant fishery resources and an important spawning,feeding,and nursing ground for a variety of fish species.Due to long-term overfishing,the ichthyoplankton structure has been dramatically altered.Understanding the species composition and distribution of fish eggs and larvae is one of the most essential tasks to accurately regulate fishery resources and formulate effective management policies;however,little is known about the ichthyoplankton in this region.In this study,an integrated strategy of morphology identification(MI)and mitochondrial COI DNA barcoding was used to identify species of fish eggs and larvae collected from the ECSCZA.MI revealed 15 fish egg species belonging to 12 families and 12 fish larva species belonging to 12 families;in contrast,DNA barcoding altogether identified 30 species,including 18 fish egg species and 13 fish larva species.One species was shared between the egg and larva samples.Our study offers useful tools and critical scientific information for further understanding the diversity,distribution,and conservation management of various ichthyoplankton species in the marine environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271734)。
文摘Nestedness is one of the important patterns in island biogeography,community ecology and conservation biology.However,most previous nestedness studies focus on the taxonomic dimension while neglecting the functional and phylogenetic processes in generating nestedness.Moreover,few studies have examined the seasonal change of the nestedness and underlying processes.Here,we examined the seasonal nestedness of bird assemblages in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions,and determined the underlying processes of nestedness patterns in the Zhoushan Archipelago,China.We surveyed the occurrence, abundance,and habitats of birds on 40 islands.We calculated taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic nestedness using WNODF and treeNODF.We determined the processes underlying nestedness by relating nestedness ranks to island characteristics and species traits.The WNODF analyses showed that bird assemblages in winter and summer were both significantly nested.The habitat-by-site matrix was also significantly nested.The nestedness of bird assemblages was significantly correlated with island area,habitat diversity,habitat specificity,minimum area requirement,habitat specificity and hand-wing index(HWI) of birds in both seasons.While the distance to the nearest mainland(DTM) exerted the influence on nestedness in summer,the distance to the nearest larger island(DTNL)affected nestedness only in winter.However,the nestedness of bird assemblages was not caused by passive sampling or human disturbance.The results of treeNODF analyses illustrated that bird assemblages were functionally and phylogenetically nested in summer and winter,but the exact mechanisms were somewhat different in these two seasons.Overall,our results supported the habitat nestedness hypothesis,selective extinction hypothesis,and selective colonization hypothesis in both seasons.From a conservation viewpoint,we should protect islands with large area and diverse habitats,islands close to the mainland,and species with large area requirement and high habitat specificity to prevent local extinction.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.
文摘Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
基金founded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number:32370545)Marine Protected Area Administration of Sansha City (Monitoring seabird spatial-temporal dynamic project in Sansha City)Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province, Grant Number:2021B1212110002
文摘Studying coexistence mechanisms is practically important for understanding and conserving marine biodiversity and community structure. Tropical marine ecosystems may exhibit higher competition between top predators due to generally low primary productivity and pronounced seasonal fluctuation in food availability. Consequentially, niche segregation in sympatric breeding seabirds is expected to occur as a mechanism to maintain species coexistence. However, a single-dimensional study on seabird niche segregation might result in unclear niche overlap. Here, we investigated multi-dimensional niche segregation of tropical seabirds during field expeditions to the Xisha Archipelago, China, in 2023. We reconfirmed the breeding status of six species of terns and noddy, and further revealed the multi-dimensional niche segregation among Black-naped (Sterna sumatrana), Bridled (Onychoprion anaethetus) and Roseate (Sterna dougallii) Terns. Spatially, these three species utilized nest sites that differentiated by vegetation and distance to sea. Temporally, Black-naped Terns bred earlier and for a longer period, while Bridled and Roseate Terns had more restricted breeding seasons. Furthermore, the daily foraging activity patterns of these species also differed, with Bridled Terns potentially having a longer foraging time at noon. In terms of diet, Bridled Terns were opportunists that fed on fishes, squids and insects, such as migratory fruit-piercing moths, while Roseate Terns were primarily piscivorous, especially feeding on Exocoetidae (flying fishes). Seabirds play a crucial role in marine ecosystems and are globally threatened. Our findings shed light on the complex mechanisms facilitating the coexistence of sympatric seabird species in China. Further research is needed to examine other ecological interactions and to develop effective conservation strategies for protecting these valuable seabird populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971545 and 32271734).
文摘Nested subset pattern(nestedness)is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology.However,most previous studies often used nestedness metrics or randomization algorithms that are vulnerable to type I error.In this study,we inves-tigated the nestedness of lizard assemblages on 37 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago,China.We used the line-transect method to survey species occurrence,abundance,and habitat types of lizards on 37 islands during 2 breeding seasons in 2021 and 2022.We applied the nested metric WNODF and the conservative rc null model to control for type I error and quantify the significance of nestedness.Spearman rank cor relations were used to evaluate the role of 4 habitat variables(island area,2 isolation indices,and habitat diversity)and 4 ecological traits(body size,geographic range size,clutch size,and minimum area requirement)in generating nestedness.The results of WNODF analyses showed that lizard assemblages were significantly nested.The habitat-by-site matrix estimated by the program NODF was also significantly nested,support-ing the habitat nestedness hypothesis.The nestedness of lizard assemblages were significantly correlated with island area,habitat diversity.clutch size,and minimum area requirement.Overall,our results suggest that selective extinction and habitat nestedness were the main drivers of lizard nestedness in our system.In contrast,the nestedness of lizard assemblages was not due to passive sampling or selective colonization.To maximize the number of species preserved,our results indicate that we should protect both large islands with diverse habitats and species with largearea requirement and clutch size.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271734 and 31971545).
文摘Nestedness is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology.However,most previous studies focused on taxonomic dimension and overlooked functional and phylogenetic nestedness.Here,we simultaneously investigated taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic nestedness of terrestrial mammals on 39 land-bridge islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago,China.As mammals’response to the environment may depend on their body size,we performed analyses for three mammal assemblages separately:overall species,large and medium-sized species,and small species.The taxonomic nestedness was quantified by organizing the species incidence matrix,while the functional and phylogenetic nestedness were estimated by combining the similarity of their ecological traits and phylogeny.Island characteristics(island area,three isolation indices,land use intensity,and habitat diversity)and species traits(body size,litter size,habitat specificity,geographic range size,and minimum area requirement)were used as predictors of nestedness.Overall and small species were significantly nested in 3 facets of nestedness,and results supported the selective extinction,selective colonization,and habitat nestedness hypotheses.Large and medium-sized species were functionally and phylogenetically nested when matrices were ordered by increasing distance to mainland,supporting the selective colonization hypothesis.Overall,differences in nestedness and its underlying mechanisms were detected not only in 3 facets of nestedness but also in the 3 mammal assemblages.Therefore,frameworks that incorporate taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional nestedness can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of nestedness processes.Additionally,it also improves our ability to understand the divergent responses of mammal assemblages to the insular environment.
文摘重大事件冲击对公共物品整体或部分估值时间稳定性的影响是一个尚待研究的重要问题。文章以具有地理嵌入关系的山东庙岛群岛为案例地,针对其海洋地质遗迹旅游资源公共物品的整体和部分非使用价值估值展开研究。通过2017年和2022年间隔5年的两期问卷调查收集数据,分析重大事件冲击对群岛旅游资源公共物品整体独立估值及整体-部分同时估值时间稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,重大事件冲击导致群岛旅游资源公共物品整体独立估值和整体-部分同时估值均呈现时间不稳定性。具体而言,整体独立估值的支付意愿(willingness to pay,WTP)与整体-部分同时估值的WTP均呈显著下降趋势,降幅均达30%左右;此外,2017年和2022年的数据均表明,不同方法计算得出的公众保护群岛旅游资源公共物品最大范围、中间范围和最小范围的WTP均呈现边际WTP递减且递减趋势基本一致。值得注意的是,重大事件冲击并未改变由边际效用递减和饱和程度引起的公共物品边际WTP递减趋势。重大事件冲击下,独立列表方法、预先披露信息设计以及自上而下或自下而上估值顺序等嵌入公共物品估值的执行方案仍然适用。研究建议:(1)若研究期处于重大事件冲击形势下,公共物品整体或部分估值存在较大幅度下降的不稳定性,公共物品整体或部分的估值结果需谨慎使用和推广;(2)嵌入公共物品整体与部分估值存在边际WTP递减现象,嵌入公共物品整体与部分保护资金的分配应考虑边际递减问题。
文摘待分解信号复杂度增大时传统单信号分解技术易产生过高特征空间维度的高频本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),从而严重限制了长短时记忆神经网络(long short term memory,LSTM)的长时序预报能力。以舟山群岛南部外海某观测点所收集的海浪数据为基础,提出融合ICEEMDAN-VMD级联分解策略和LSTM的混合模型。该混合模型准确捕捉海洋波浪的非线性特征和长时序依赖规律,提高了复杂海况下对有效波高、有效波周期、波向的长时预报能力。与多变量LSTM模型相比,混合模型的48 h和72 h有效波高预测均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)降幅分别为53.9%和33.8%,有效波周期预测RMSE降幅分别为46.1%和39.1%,波向预测RMSE降幅分别为30.5%和23.9%。与EMD-LSTM模型相比,混合模型有效波高、有效波周期、波向的RMSE平均降幅分别为13.52%、17.79%、15.39%。
