AIM:To describe ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur myopic adults in Xinjiang,China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The different ocular biometric parameters collected using Pentacam were an...AIM:To describe ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur myopic adults in Xinjiang,China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The different ocular biometric parameters collected using Pentacam were analyzed,including corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism(CA),horizontal corneal diameter(white-to-white,WTW),corneal volume(CV),pupil diameter(PD),anterior chamber angle(ACA),anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV)and axial length(AL).RESULTS:In total,2932 participants were included in the final analysis,comprising 2310 Han and 622 Uyghur adults.Adults in the high myopia(HM)group had steeper K2,larger CA,smaller WTW and longer AL in both the Uyghur and Han adults(all P<0.05).The moderate myopia(MM)and HM group had deeper ACV,ACD and wider ACA than the low myopia(all P<0.05)in Han adults,however there were no differences in anterior chamber indices with Uyghur adults.In the Uyghur adults,we noticed that CV,WTW,and ACD were smaller,ACA was narrower,PD was larger,and AL was shorter(all P<0.05).We also noticed sex differences:males had flatter corneas,deeper ACD and ACV,and larger WTW than females(all P<0.05).In the correlation analysis,WTW was positively correlated with ACD and ACV but negatively correlated with K1,K2 and CV(all P<0.05).Narrower ACA was associated with larger PD(rU=-0.25,rH=-0.16,all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The Han population have different biometric parameters in eyes with HM compared to the Uyghur population,and the Uyghur population may anatomically more susceptible to primary angle closure glaucoma than the Han population.展开更多
Because of its peculiar language environment with multi ethnicities and the One Belt and One Road initiative,the studies of place names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture attract many linguists’interests.This paper f...Because of its peculiar language environment with multi ethnicities and the One Belt and One Road initiative,the studies of place names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture attract many linguists’interests.This paper focuses on characteristics studies of Uyghur place names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture based on Universal Principles of Tendencies proposed by the Polish linguist Witold Manczak.Through careful and thorough study,this paper found that because of different traditional lifestyles and different political strategies through different historical periods,as urban people,the Uyghur place names highlighted the Uyghur people’s great contributions to artificial constructions.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the contribution of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) variants to the genetic susceptibility and clinical heterogeneity of ulcerative colitis (UC) between Han and Uyghur patients in Xinjiang, China. METHO...AIM:To investigate the contribution of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) variants to the genetic susceptibility and clinical heterogeneity of ulcerative colitis (UC) between Han and Uyghur patients in Xinjiang, China. METHODS:A total of 102 UC patients (53 Han patients including 22 men and 31 women, and 49 Uyghur patients including 25 men and 24 women; aged 48 ± 16 years) and 310 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled from January 2010 to May 2011 in Xinjiang People's Hospital of China. UC was diagnosed based on the clinical, endoscopic and histological findings following Lennard-Jones criteria. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by the routine laboratory methods. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing method was used to identify FUT2 variants rs281377, rs1047781, rs601338 and rs602662. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were documented and compared between the UC patients and the healthy controls. Genotypic frequencies were also compared between Han and Uyghur patients. Potential association of genetic variation and UC between Han and Uyghur patients was examined. RESULTS: rs281377 was found significantly associated with UC in the Han population as compared with the controls (P = 0.011) while rs281377 was not associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.06). TT homozygous rs281377 frequencies were higher in the UC groups than in the controls (88.7% vs 68.7% and 55.1% vs 50.3%). rs1047781 was specifically associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.001), but not associated with UC in the Han population (P = 0.13). TT homozygous rs1047781 frequencies were lower in the UC groups than in the controls (9.5% vs 11.8% and 4.0% vs 6.7%). rs601338 was statistically related to UC in both populations (Han, P = 0.025; Uyghur, P = 8.33 × 10 -5 ). AA homozygous rs601338 frequencies were lower in the UC groups than in the controls (0% vs 1.8% and 12.2% vs 13.4%). No association was found between rs602662 and UC in both Han and the Uyghur populations. Allelic analysis showed that rs281377 allele was significantly associated with UC in the Han population as compared with the controls [P = 0.001, odd ratio (OR) = 0.26], however, it was not associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.603, OR = 1.14), and rs1047781 allele was associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.001, OR = 0.029) while it was not associated with UC in the Han population (P = 0.074, OR = 0.62). Moreover, rs601338 was associated with UC in both Han (P = 0.005, OR = 0.1) and Uyghur pop- ulations (P = 0.002, OR = 0.43). Meta analysis showed that rs1047781 and rs601338 conferred risk of UC as compared with the controls [P = 0.005, OR = 0.47; P = 0.0003, OR = 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31-0.72 and 0.21-0.58], but rs281377 and rs602662 showed no statistically significant differences betweenpatients with UC and controls (P = 0.10, OR = 0.71; P = 0.68, OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.47-1.07 and 0.56-1.47). CONCLUSION:Functionally relevant FUT2 gene variants are associated with UC, suggesting that they play a potential role in the pathogenesis of UC and may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of UC between Han and Uyghur patients.展开更多
Objective： To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma（viral HCC） and non-B, non-C HCC（NBC-HCC） among Uyghur patients in Xinjiang province, China...Objective： To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma（viral HCC） and non-B, non-C HCC（NBC-HCC） among Uyghur patients in Xinjiang province, China. Methods： Between 01/01/2000 and 31/12/2012, 319 Uyghur HCC patients were treated at the Cancer Centre of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The data for the patients were obtained from a retrospective review of the patients＇ medical records. A total of 18 patients were excluded from the study because of incomplete information. The patients were classified into two groups： viral HCC and NBC-HCC. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were statistically analysed.Results： For all 301 patients, gender（P=0.000）, area of residence（P=0.002）, diabetes mellitus（P=0.009）, BMI（P=0.000）, cirrhosis（P=0.000）, tumour stage（P=0.004）, Child-Pugh class（P=0.000）, the TBIL level（P=0.000）, and the alpha-fetoprotein（AFP） level（P=0.000） were significantly different between the NBC-HCC and viral HCC groups. The NBC-HCC patients tended to be diagnosed at advanced stages; however, the NBC-HCC patients exhibited lower Child-Pugh scores than the viral HCC patients. In all patients examined, the 0.5-, 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival（OS） rates were 35.6%, 20.3%, 12.6% and 4.5%, respectively. No significant difference in OS was observed between the two groups（P=0.124）. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that age（RR =1.539, P=0.001）, TNM stage（RR =12.708, P=0.000）, portal vein tumour thrombus（PVTT）（RR =2.003, P=0.000）, Child-Pugh class（RR =1.715, P=0.000）, and TACE ＋ radiotherapy/RFA（RR =0.567, P=0.000） were significant independent prognostic factors for HCC patients. Conclusions： The clinical characteristics differ between Uyghur patients with NBC-HCC and viral HCC. HCC in the Xinjiang region displays specific regional characteristics. Age, TNM stage, PVTT, Child-Pugh class and TACE ＋ radiotherapy/RFA are significant risk factors that influence patient survival.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and Han and Uyghur ulcerative colitis (UC) patients residing in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. METHODS:In this study, 102 UC patients (53 Han i...AIM:To evaluate the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and Han and Uyghur ulcerative colitis (UC) patients residing in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. METHODS:In this study, 102 UC patients (53 Han including 22 men and 31 women, and 49 Uyghur patients including 25 men and 24 women; aged 48.07 ± 15.83 years) and 310 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang People's Hospital of China from January 2010 to May 2011. UC was diagnosed based on the clinical, endoscopic and histological findings following Lennard-Jones criteria. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by routine laboratory methods, and both polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing were used to identify HLA-DRB1 allele variants. The potential association between genetic varia-tion and UC in Han and Uyghur patients was examined. There were no statistical differences in HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in Han UC patients. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the sex ratio between the controls and UC patients (P = 0.740). In Han patients with UC (n = 53), HLA-DRB1 *03 , *13 allele frequencies were lower than in healthy controls (n = 161), but not statistically significant, and HLA-DRB1*04*11*14 allele frequencies were higher than in healthy controls, but without statistical significance. Differences between Uyghur UC patients and the control group were observed for HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*13 , both showed a greater frequency in UC patients (10.21% vs 2.69%, P = 0.043; 14.29% vs 4.03%, P = 0.019). HLA-DRB1*14 also showed a greater frequency in UC patients (14.29% vs 2.69%, P = 0.006). The frequencies of DRB1*04 , *13*14 alleles were increased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. The frequency of DRB1 * 08 was decreased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. HLA-DRB1 alleles showed no association with UC in Han patients. There were no statistical differences in HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in Han UC patients. The frequencies of DRB1*04 , *13*14 alleles were increased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. The frequency of DRB1*08 was decreased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. Polymorphism of the HLA-DRB1 gene may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of UC between Han and Uyghur UC patients in China. CONCLUSION:HLA-DRB1*04*13*14 and DRB1*08 may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of UC between Han and Uyghur UC patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND^(14)C urea breath test(^(14)C UBT)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)are widely used for detection Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection with different sensitivity,and there is a difference in H.pylori i...BACKGROUND^(14)C urea breath test(^(14)C UBT)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)are widely used for detection Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection with different sensitivity,and there is a difference in H.pylori infection rate in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups.Both need large cohort studies to evaluate the differences more accurately.AIM To analyze the difference between^(14)C UBT and IHC for H.pylori detection in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the difference between Uyghur and Han populations.METHODS There were 3944 cases of H.pylori infection detected by both IHC and^(14)C UBT at the same time(interval<1 wk,with sampling site including gastric antrum,selected from 5747 patients).We compared the sensitivity of^(14)C UBT and IHC.We also compared 555 pairs of Han/Uyghur cases(completely matched for gender and age)for their H.pylori infection rates.The overall H.pylori infection rate of all 5747 cases and the correlation with other clinicopathological data were also further analyzed.SPSS V23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS The sensitivity was 94.9%for^(14)C UBT and 65.1%for IHC,which was a significant difference(n=3944,P<0.001).However,among those cases negative for H.pylori by^(14)C UBT(detection value≤100),4.8%were positive by IHC.Combining both methods,the overall H.pylori infection rate was 48.6%(n=5747),and differences in gender,age group,ethnicity and region of residence significantly affected the H.pylori positive rates.According to age group(Han/Uyghur),the positive rates were≤30 years(62.2%/100.0%),31-40 years(45.2%/85.7%),41-50 years(47.2%/79.2%),51-60 years(44.6%/76.1%),61-70 years(40.9%/68.2%),71-80 years(41.7%/54.1%)and≥81 years(42.9%/NA).The H.pylori infection rates of Han/Uyghur paired cases were 41.4%and 73.3%,which was a significant difference(P<0.001)(555 pairs).H.pylori positivity was significantly related to moderate-severe grade 2-3 chronic/active gastritis and intestinal metaplasia(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The sensitivity of^(14)C UBT was significantly higher,but combined application can still increase the accuracy.The prevention H.pylori should be emphasized for Uygur and young people.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the unique shapes and writing styles of Uyghur characters,we design a framework for prototype character recognition system and carry out a systematic theoretical and experimental research on i...Based on the analysis of the unique shapes and writing styles of Uyghur characters,we design a framework for prototype character recognition system and carry out a systematic theoretical and experimental research on its modules.In the preprocessing procedure,we use the linear and nonlinear normalization based on dot density method.Both structural and statistical features are extracted due to the fact that there are some very similar characters in Uyghur literature.In clustering analysis,we adopt the dynamic clustering algorithm based on the minimum spanning tree（MST）,and use the k-nearest neighbor matching classification as classifier.The testing results of prototype system show that the recognition rates for characters of the four different types（independent,suffix,intermediate,and initial type） are 74.67%,70.42%,63.33%,and 72.02%,respectively;the recognition rates for the case of five candidates for those characters are 94.34%,94.19%,93.15%,and 95.86%,respectively.The ideas and methods used in this paper have some commonality and usefulness for the recognition of other characters that belong to Altaic languages family.展开更多
Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading and writing disorder with strong genetic components. In previous genetic studies about dyslexia, a number of candidate genes have been identified. These include DCDC2, which...Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading and writing disorder with strong genetic components. In previous genetic studies about dyslexia, a number of candidate genes have been identified. These include DCDC2, which has repeatedly been associated with developmental dyslexia in various European and American populations. However, data regarding this relationship are varied according to population. The Uyghur people of China represent a Eurasian population with an interesting genetic profile. Thus, this group may provide useful information about the association between DCDC2 gene polymorphisms and dyslexia. In the current study, we examined genetic data from 392 Uyghur children aged 8–12 years old from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Participants included 196 children with dyslexia and 196 grade-, age-, and gender-matched controls. DNA was isolated from oral mucosal cell samples and fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms（rs6456593, rs1419228, rs34647318, rs9467075, rs793862, rs9295619, rs807701, rs807724, rs2274305, rs7765678, rs4599626, rs6922023, rs3765502, and rs1087266） in DCDC2 were screened via the SNPscan method. We compared SNP frequencies in five models（Codominant, Dominant, Recessive, Heterozygote advantage, and Allele） between the two groups by means of the chi-squared test. A single-locus analysis indicated that, with regard to the allele frequency of these polymorphisms, three SNPs（rs807724, rs2274305, and rs4599626） were associated with dyslexia. rs9467075 and rs2274305 displayed significant associations with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model. rs6456593 and rs6922023 were significantly associated with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model and in the heterozygous genotype. Additionally, we discovered that the T-G-C-T of the four-marker haplotype（rs9295619-rs807701-rs807724-rs2274305） and the T-A of the two-marker haplotype（rs3765502-1087266） were significantly different between cases and controls. Thus, we conclude that DCDC2 gene polymorphisms are associated with developmental dyslexia in Chinese Uyghur children.展开更多
Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingua...Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingual receptive vocabulary knowledge of ethnic minority children(N=135) from two large ethnic language communities(Uyghur and Kazak) in three national-level povertystricken counties in Xinjiang, China. The children’s bilingual vocabulary knowledge was assessed using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV(PPTV-IV) in Putonghua(PTH) and their mother tongue(MT) Uyghur or Kazak. Data were analyzed through four General Linear Models(GLM). The analyses showed that both groups scored higher in MT vocabulary knowledge than that in their PTH, although the Kazak students’ MT vocabulary scores were lower than those of the Uyghurs. While gender, age, L1, or residence location were not significant factors in differences across the two groups in PTH, among the Kazak children, the main effect of age was significant in MT;and among Uyghur children, residence location had a significant effect. The two groups also differed in patterns of acquisition in different parts of speech(nouns, verbs, and attributes) with Uyghur children performing strongest in MT and PTH verbs. The findings have important implications for ensuring the quality of early bilingual education among impoverished Chinese minority communities.展开更多
Correct prosodic boundary prediction is crucial for the quality of synthesized speech in text-to-speech system. This article mainly presents the prosodic hierarchy of Uyghur language, which belongs to Turkish language...Correct prosodic boundary prediction is crucial for the quality of synthesized speech in text-to-speech system. This article mainly presents the prosodic hierarchy of Uyghur language, which belongs to Turkish language family of Altaic language system and further verifies the reliability of proposed Uyghur prosodic boundary annotation rules by acoustic analysis. In the prediction part, a two-layer shifting hierarchical approach based on decision tree is used for predicting prosodic word and prosodic phrase boundary, and the influence of different feature sets on the Uyghur prosodic boundary prediction is also investigated. Experimental results clearly show the acoustical changes and automatic prediction performance of different prosodic boundaries of Uyghur language, thus laying a good foundation for further research.展开更多
Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the ...Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the modern Uyghurs had extensive contact with Greco-Roman civilization even beginning in the 4th century BCE,and continuing with different extent until the 6th century CE.Thus,the knowledge of Greek humoral medicine spread to the Uyghur regions.When Arab-Persian medicine arrived along with Islam in the 10th century,it met both Buddhist medicine and the developed folk medicine.In this paper,we argue that“Greco-Roman”,“Arab-Persian”and“Uyghur”medicines are all of essentially the same system under holistic humoral medicine.We further assert that“Traditional European Medicine”is based on the same tradition,and,while it was discarded in the West,it has been substantially preserved by the Uyghurs.We also consider the implications of making the two millennial tradition of Uyghur medicine the object of modern scientific research in China.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship in malignant-neoplasm patients of hypercoagulability between syndromes differentiated with the theory of abnormal hilit in traditional Uyghur medicine(TUM).METHODS:A total of ...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship in malignant-neoplasm patients of hypercoagulability between syndromes differentiated with the theory of abnormal hilit in traditional Uyghur medicine(TUM).METHODS:A total of 248 patients with malignant tumors were enrolled.Based on the theory of TUM they were divided into two groups:abnormal Savda and abnormal Non-Savda(including abnormal Khan,abnormal Sepra and abnormal Belghem types);fifty healthy volunteers were selected as controls.Platelet(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),plasma fibrinogen(FIB),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT)and D-Dimer(D-D)were measured in both groups.RESULTS:Compared with the control and abnor-mal Non-Savda groups,in the abnormal Savda group the PLT count increased(P<0.05),the PT was lengthened(P<0.01),and the FIB significantly increased(P<0.01).D-Ds in the three groups were significantly different(P<0.05).No significant difference was found inTT and aPTT values(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Hypercoagulability existed in patients with malignant tumors in the different types of TUM syndromes,especially in the abnormal Savda group;this was characterized by increased blood viscosity,platelet aggregation and thrombosis.D-D appears to be a significant predictor for the therapeutic effect of TUM in relation to malignant tumor therapies.展开更多
To achieve efficient a d compact low-dimensional features for speech emotion recognition,a novel featurereduction method using uncertain linear discriminant analysis is proposed.Using the same principles as for conven...To achieve efficient a d compact low-dimensional features for speech emotion recognition,a novel featurereduction method using uncertain linear discriminant analysis is proposed.Using the same principles as for conventional linear discriminant analysis(LDA),uncertainties of the noisy or distorted input data ae employed in order to estimate maximaiy discriminant directions.The effectiveness of the proposed uncertain LDA(ULDA)is demonstrated in the Uyghur speech emotion recognition task.The emotional features of Uyghur speech,especially,the fundamental fequency and formant,a e analyzed in the collected emotional data.Then,ULDA is employed in dimensionality reduction of emotional features and better performance is achieved compared with other dimensionality reduction techniques.The speech emotion recognition of Uyghur is implemented by feeding the low-dimensional data to support vector machine(SVM)based on the proposed ULDA.The experimental results show that when employing a appropriate uncertainty estimation algorithm,uncertain LDA outperforms the conveetional LDA counterpart on Uyghur speech emotion recognition.展开更多
This paper examines language use inside and out of classroom of Uyghur students from the middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. A total of 341 Uyghur students between 12 and 15 y...This paper examines language use inside and out of classroom of Uyghur students from the middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. A total of 341 Uyghur students between 12 and 15 years of age, attending 3 middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, responded to questionnaires requesting information about their language backgrounds, their use of language at school (inside and out of classroom) and in the wider community, their self-perceptions about their linguistic competence in Uyghur and in Chinese and their attitudes towards Uyghur, Chinese and towards bilingualism. The results, in general, demonstrated a positive attitude towards bilingualism, and there was a trend towards favoring the use of Chinese both inside and outside classroom. The implications of the findings for language policy and planning in education are discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960181).
文摘AIM:To describe ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur myopic adults in Xinjiang,China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The different ocular biometric parameters collected using Pentacam were analyzed,including corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism(CA),horizontal corneal diameter(white-to-white,WTW),corneal volume(CV),pupil diameter(PD),anterior chamber angle(ACA),anterior chamber depth(ACD),anterior chamber volume(ACV)and axial length(AL).RESULTS:In total,2932 participants were included in the final analysis,comprising 2310 Han and 622 Uyghur adults.Adults in the high myopia(HM)group had steeper K2,larger CA,smaller WTW and longer AL in both the Uyghur and Han adults(all P<0.05).The moderate myopia(MM)and HM group had deeper ACV,ACD and wider ACA than the low myopia(all P<0.05)in Han adults,however there were no differences in anterior chamber indices with Uyghur adults.In the Uyghur adults,we noticed that CV,WTW,and ACD were smaller,ACA was narrower,PD was larger,and AL was shorter(all P<0.05).We also noticed sex differences:males had flatter corneas,deeper ACD and ACV,and larger WTW than females(all P<0.05).In the correlation analysis,WTW was positively correlated with ACD and ACV but negatively correlated with K1,K2 and CV(all P<0.05).Narrower ACA was associated with larger PD(rU=-0.25,rH=-0.16,all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The Han population have different biometric parameters in eyes with HM compared to the Uyghur population,and the Uyghur population may anatomically more susceptible to primary angle closure glaucoma than the Han population.
文摘Because of its peculiar language environment with multi ethnicities and the One Belt and One Road initiative,the studies of place names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture attract many linguists’interests.This paper focuses on characteristics studies of Uyghur place names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture based on Universal Principles of Tendencies proposed by the Polish linguist Witold Manczak.Through careful and thorough study,this paper found that because of different traditional lifestyles and different political strategies through different historical periods,as urban people,the Uyghur place names highlighted the Uyghur people’s great contributions to artificial constructions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30871148 and No. 81160052Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, No.2009211A26
文摘AIM:To investigate the contribution of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) variants to the genetic susceptibility and clinical heterogeneity of ulcerative colitis (UC) between Han and Uyghur patients in Xinjiang, China. METHODS:A total of 102 UC patients (53 Han patients including 22 men and 31 women, and 49 Uyghur patients including 25 men and 24 women; aged 48 ± 16 years) and 310 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled from January 2010 to May 2011 in Xinjiang People's Hospital of China. UC was diagnosed based on the clinical, endoscopic and histological findings following Lennard-Jones criteria. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by the routine laboratory methods. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing method was used to identify FUT2 variants rs281377, rs1047781, rs601338 and rs602662. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were documented and compared between the UC patients and the healthy controls. Genotypic frequencies were also compared between Han and Uyghur patients. Potential association of genetic variation and UC between Han and Uyghur patients was examined. RESULTS: rs281377 was found significantly associated with UC in the Han population as compared with the controls (P = 0.011) while rs281377 was not associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.06). TT homozygous rs281377 frequencies were higher in the UC groups than in the controls (88.7% vs 68.7% and 55.1% vs 50.3%). rs1047781 was specifically associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.001), but not associated with UC in the Han population (P = 0.13). TT homozygous rs1047781 frequencies were lower in the UC groups than in the controls (9.5% vs 11.8% and 4.0% vs 6.7%). rs601338 was statistically related to UC in both populations (Han, P = 0.025; Uyghur, P = 8.33 × 10 -5 ). AA homozygous rs601338 frequencies were lower in the UC groups than in the controls (0% vs 1.8% and 12.2% vs 13.4%). No association was found between rs602662 and UC in both Han and the Uyghur populations. Allelic analysis showed that rs281377 allele was significantly associated with UC in the Han population as compared with the controls [P = 0.001, odd ratio (OR) = 0.26], however, it was not associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.603, OR = 1.14), and rs1047781 allele was associated with UC in the Uyghur population (P = 0.001, OR = 0.029) while it was not associated with UC in the Han population (P = 0.074, OR = 0.62). Moreover, rs601338 was associated with UC in both Han (P = 0.005, OR = 0.1) and Uyghur pop- ulations (P = 0.002, OR = 0.43). Meta analysis showed that rs1047781 and rs601338 conferred risk of UC as compared with the controls [P = 0.005, OR = 0.47; P = 0.0003, OR = 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31-0.72 and 0.21-0.58], but rs281377 and rs602662 showed no statistically significant differences betweenpatients with UC and controls (P = 0.10, OR = 0.71; P = 0.68, OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.47-1.07 and 0.56-1.47). CONCLUSION:Functionally relevant FUT2 gene variants are associated with UC, suggesting that they play a potential role in the pathogenesis of UC and may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of UC between Han and Uyghur patients.
基金supported by a grant from the Urumqi Science and Technology Project Foundation of China(No.H111313001)
文摘Objective： To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between hepatitis virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma（viral HCC） and non-B, non-C HCC（NBC-HCC） among Uyghur patients in Xinjiang province, China. Methods： Between 01/01/2000 and 31/12/2012, 319 Uyghur HCC patients were treated at the Cancer Centre of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The data for the patients were obtained from a retrospective review of the patients＇ medical records. A total of 18 patients were excluded from the study because of incomplete information. The patients were classified into two groups： viral HCC and NBC-HCC. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were statistically analysed.Results： For all 301 patients, gender（P=0.000）, area of residence（P=0.002）, diabetes mellitus（P=0.009）, BMI（P=0.000）, cirrhosis（P=0.000）, tumour stage（P=0.004）, Child-Pugh class（P=0.000）, the TBIL level（P=0.000）, and the alpha-fetoprotein（AFP） level（P=0.000） were significantly different between the NBC-HCC and viral HCC groups. The NBC-HCC patients tended to be diagnosed at advanced stages; however, the NBC-HCC patients exhibited lower Child-Pugh scores than the viral HCC patients. In all patients examined, the 0.5-, 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival（OS） rates were 35.6%, 20.3%, 12.6% and 4.5%, respectively. No significant difference in OS was observed between the two groups（P=0.124）. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that age（RR =1.539, P=0.001）, TNM stage（RR =12.708, P=0.000）, portal vein tumour thrombus（PVTT）（RR =2.003, P=0.000）, Child-Pugh class（RR =1.715, P=0.000）, and TACE ＋ radiotherapy/RFA（RR =0.567, P=0.000） were significant independent prognostic factors for HCC patients. Conclusions： The clinical characteristics differ between Uyghur patients with NBC-HCC and viral HCC. HCC in the Xinjiang region displays specific regional characteristics. Age, TNM stage, PVTT, Child-Pugh class and TACE ＋ radiotherapy/RFA are significant risk factors that influence patient survival.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China,No.2009211A26
文摘AIM:To evaluate the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and Han and Uyghur ulcerative colitis (UC) patients residing in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. METHODS:In this study, 102 UC patients (53 Han including 22 men and 31 women, and 49 Uyghur patients including 25 men and 24 women; aged 48.07 ± 15.83 years) and 310 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang People's Hospital of China from January 2010 to May 2011. UC was diagnosed based on the clinical, endoscopic and histological findings following Lennard-Jones criteria. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by routine laboratory methods, and both polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing were used to identify HLA-DRB1 allele variants. The potential association between genetic varia-tion and UC in Han and Uyghur patients was examined. There were no statistical differences in HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in Han UC patients. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the sex ratio between the controls and UC patients (P = 0.740). In Han patients with UC (n = 53), HLA-DRB1 *03 , *13 allele frequencies were lower than in healthy controls (n = 161), but not statistically significant, and HLA-DRB1*04*11*14 allele frequencies were higher than in healthy controls, but without statistical significance. Differences between Uyghur UC patients and the control group were observed for HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*13 , both showed a greater frequency in UC patients (10.21% vs 2.69%, P = 0.043; 14.29% vs 4.03%, P = 0.019). HLA-DRB1*14 also showed a greater frequency in UC patients (14.29% vs 2.69%, P = 0.006). The frequencies of DRB1*04 , *13*14 alleles were increased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. The frequency of DRB1 * 08 was decreased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. HLA-DRB1 alleles showed no association with UC in Han patients. There were no statistical differences in HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in Han UC patients. The frequencies of DRB1*04 , *13*14 alleles were increased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. The frequency of DRB1*08 was decreased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. Polymorphism of the HLA-DRB1 gene may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of UC between Han and Uyghur UC patients in China. CONCLUSION:HLA-DRB1*04*13*14 and DRB1*08 may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of UC between Han and Uyghur UC patients.
文摘BACKGROUND^(14)C urea breath test(^(14)C UBT)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)are widely used for detection Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection with different sensitivity,and there is a difference in H.pylori infection rate in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups.Both need large cohort studies to evaluate the differences more accurately.AIM To analyze the difference between^(14)C UBT and IHC for H.pylori detection in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the difference between Uyghur and Han populations.METHODS There were 3944 cases of H.pylori infection detected by both IHC and^(14)C UBT at the same time(interval<1 wk,with sampling site including gastric antrum,selected from 5747 patients).We compared the sensitivity of^(14)C UBT and IHC.We also compared 555 pairs of Han/Uyghur cases(completely matched for gender and age)for their H.pylori infection rates.The overall H.pylori infection rate of all 5747 cases and the correlation with other clinicopathological data were also further analyzed.SPSS V23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS The sensitivity was 94.9%for^(14)C UBT and 65.1%for IHC,which was a significant difference(n=3944,P<0.001).However,among those cases negative for H.pylori by^(14)C UBT(detection value≤100),4.8%were positive by IHC.Combining both methods,the overall H.pylori infection rate was 48.6%(n=5747),and differences in gender,age group,ethnicity and region of residence significantly affected the H.pylori positive rates.According to age group(Han/Uyghur),the positive rates were≤30 years(62.2%/100.0%),31-40 years(45.2%/85.7%),41-50 years(47.2%/79.2%),51-60 years(44.6%/76.1%),61-70 years(40.9%/68.2%),71-80 years(41.7%/54.1%)and≥81 years(42.9%/NA).The H.pylori infection rates of Han/Uyghur paired cases were 41.4%and 73.3%,which was a significant difference(P<0.001)(555 pairs).H.pylori positivity was significantly related to moderate-severe grade 2-3 chronic/active gastritis and intestinal metaplasia(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The sensitivity of^(14)C UBT was significantly higher,but combined application can still increase the accuracy.The prevention H.pylori should be emphasized for Uygur and young people.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61065001)
文摘Based on the analysis of the unique shapes and writing styles of Uyghur characters,we design a framework for prototype character recognition system and carry out a systematic theoretical and experimental research on its modules.In the preprocessing procedure,we use the linear and nonlinear normalization based on dot density method.Both structural and statistical features are extracted due to the fact that there are some very similar characters in Uyghur literature.In clustering analysis,we adopt the dynamic clustering algorithm based on the minimum spanning tree（MST）,and use the k-nearest neighbor matching classification as classifier.The testing results of prototype system show that the recognition rates for characters of the four different types（independent,suffix,intermediate,and initial type） are 74.67%,70.42%,63.33%,and 72.02%,respectively;the recognition rates for the case of five candidates for those characters are 94.34%,94.19%,93.15%,and 95.86%,respectively.The ideas and methods used in this paper have some commonality and usefulness for the recognition of other characters that belong to Altaic languages family.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81360434
文摘Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading and writing disorder with strong genetic components. In previous genetic studies about dyslexia, a number of candidate genes have been identified. These include DCDC2, which has repeatedly been associated with developmental dyslexia in various European and American populations. However, data regarding this relationship are varied according to population. The Uyghur people of China represent a Eurasian population with an interesting genetic profile. Thus, this group may provide useful information about the association between DCDC2 gene polymorphisms and dyslexia. In the current study, we examined genetic data from 392 Uyghur children aged 8–12 years old from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Participants included 196 children with dyslexia and 196 grade-, age-, and gender-matched controls. DNA was isolated from oral mucosal cell samples and fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms（rs6456593, rs1419228, rs34647318, rs9467075, rs793862, rs9295619, rs807701, rs807724, rs2274305, rs7765678, rs4599626, rs6922023, rs3765502, and rs1087266） in DCDC2 were screened via the SNPscan method. We compared SNP frequencies in five models（Codominant, Dominant, Recessive, Heterozygote advantage, and Allele） between the two groups by means of the chi-squared test. A single-locus analysis indicated that, with regard to the allele frequency of these polymorphisms, three SNPs（rs807724, rs2274305, and rs4599626） were associated with dyslexia. rs9467075 and rs2274305 displayed significant associations with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model. rs6456593 and rs6922023 were significantly associated with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model and in the heterozygous genotype. Additionally, we discovered that the T-G-C-T of the four-marker haplotype（rs9295619-rs807701-rs807724-rs2274305） and the T-A of the two-marker haplotype（rs3765502-1087266） were significantly different between cases and controls. Thus, we conclude that DCDC2 gene polymorphisms are associated with developmental dyslexia in Chinese Uyghur children.
文摘Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingual receptive vocabulary knowledge of ethnic minority children(N=135) from two large ethnic language communities(Uyghur and Kazak) in three national-level povertystricken counties in Xinjiang, China. The children’s bilingual vocabulary knowledge was assessed using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV(PPTV-IV) in Putonghua(PTH) and their mother tongue(MT) Uyghur or Kazak. Data were analyzed through four General Linear Models(GLM). The analyses showed that both groups scored higher in MT vocabulary knowledge than that in their PTH, although the Kazak students’ MT vocabulary scores were lower than those of the Uyghurs. While gender, age, L1, or residence location were not significant factors in differences across the two groups in PTH, among the Kazak children, the main effect of age was significant in MT;and among Uyghur children, residence location had a significant effect. The two groups also differed in patterns of acquisition in different parts of speech(nouns, verbs, and attributes) with Uyghur children performing strongest in MT and PTH verbs. The findings have important implications for ensuring the quality of early bilingual education among impoverished Chinese minority communities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61065005and61062008)
文摘Correct prosodic boundary prediction is crucial for the quality of synthesized speech in text-to-speech system. This article mainly presents the prosodic hierarchy of Uyghur language, which belongs to Turkish language family of Altaic language system and further verifies the reliability of proposed Uyghur prosodic boundary annotation rules by acoustic analysis. In the prediction part, a two-layer shifting hierarchical approach based on decision tree is used for predicting prosodic word and prosodic phrase boundary, and the influence of different feature sets on the Uyghur prosodic boundary prediction is also investigated. Experimental results clearly show the acoustical changes and automatic prediction performance of different prosodic boundaries of Uyghur language, thus laying a good foundation for further research.
基金the China National Natural Science Foundation Program(81460749)National 973 Program(2011CB512004).
文摘Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the modern Uyghurs had extensive contact with Greco-Roman civilization even beginning in the 4th century BCE,and continuing with different extent until the 6th century CE.Thus,the knowledge of Greek humoral medicine spread to the Uyghur regions.When Arab-Persian medicine arrived along with Islam in the 10th century,it met both Buddhist medicine and the developed folk medicine.In this paper,we argue that“Greco-Roman”,“Arab-Persian”and“Uyghur”medicines are all of essentially the same system under holistic humoral medicine.We further assert that“Traditional European Medicine”is based on the same tradition,and,while it was discarded in the West,it has been substantially preserved by the Uyghurs.We also consider the implications of making the two millennial tradition of Uyghur medicine the object of modern scientific research in China.
基金Supported by the Special Program for Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.2011CB512004)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship in malignant-neoplasm patients of hypercoagulability between syndromes differentiated with the theory of abnormal hilit in traditional Uyghur medicine(TUM).METHODS:A total of 248 patients with malignant tumors were enrolled.Based on the theory of TUM they were divided into two groups:abnormal Savda and abnormal Non-Savda(including abnormal Khan,abnormal Sepra and abnormal Belghem types);fifty healthy volunteers were selected as controls.Platelet(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),plasma fibrinogen(FIB),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT)and D-Dimer(D-D)were measured in both groups.RESULTS:Compared with the control and abnor-mal Non-Savda groups,in the abnormal Savda group the PLT count increased(P<0.05),the PT was lengthened(P<0.01),and the FIB significantly increased(P<0.01).D-Ds in the three groups were significantly different(P<0.05).No significant difference was found inTT and aPTT values(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Hypercoagulability existed in patients with malignant tumors in the different types of TUM syndromes,especially in the abnormal Savda group;this was characterized by increased blood viscosity,platelet aggregation and thrombosis.D-D appears to be a significant predictor for the therapeutic effect of TUM in relation to malignant tumor therapies.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61673108,61231002)
文摘To achieve efficient a d compact low-dimensional features for speech emotion recognition,a novel featurereduction method using uncertain linear discriminant analysis is proposed.Using the same principles as for conventional linear discriminant analysis(LDA),uncertainties of the noisy or distorted input data ae employed in order to estimate maximaiy discriminant directions.The effectiveness of the proposed uncertain LDA(ULDA)is demonstrated in the Uyghur speech emotion recognition task.The emotional features of Uyghur speech,especially,the fundamental fequency and formant,a e analyzed in the collected emotional data.Then,ULDA is employed in dimensionality reduction of emotional features and better performance is achieved compared with other dimensionality reduction techniques.The speech emotion recognition of Uyghur is implemented by feeding the low-dimensional data to support vector machine(SVM)based on the proposed ULDA.The experimental results show that when employing a appropriate uncertainty estimation algorithm,uncertain LDA outperforms the conveetional LDA counterpart on Uyghur speech emotion recognition.
文摘This paper examines language use inside and out of classroom of Uyghur students from the middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. A total of 341 Uyghur students between 12 and 15 years of age, attending 3 middle schools for both Han and ethnic minorities in Urumqi, responded to questionnaires requesting information about their language backgrounds, their use of language at school (inside and out of classroom) and in the wider community, their self-perceptions about their linguistic competence in Uyghur and in Chinese and their attitudes towards Uyghur, Chinese and towards bilingualism. The results, in general, demonstrated a positive attitude towards bilingualism, and there was a trend towards favoring the use of Chinese both inside and outside classroom. The implications of the findings for language policy and planning in education are discussed.
