The exosomes hold significant potential in disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of aqueous two-phase systems(ATPSs)for the separation of bovine m...The exosomes hold significant potential in disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of aqueous two-phase systems(ATPSs)for the separation of bovine milk exosomes.The milk exosome partition behaviors and bovine milk separation were investigated,and the ATPSs and bovine milk whey addition was optimized.The optimal separation conditions were identified as 16%(mass)polyethylene glycol 4000,10%(mass)dipotassium phosphate,and 1%(mass)enzymatic hydrolysis bovine milk whey.During the separation process,bovine milk exosomes were predominantly enriched in the interphase,while protein impurities were primarily found in the bottom phase.The process yielded bovine milk exosomes of 2.0×10^(11)particles per ml whey with high purity(staining rate>90%,7.01×10^(10)particles per mg protein)and high uniformity(polydispersity index<0.03).The isolated exosomes were characterized and identified by transmission electron microscopy,zeta potential and size distribution.The results demonstrated aqueous two-phase extraction possesses a robust capability for the enrichment and separation of exosomes directly from bovine milk whey,presenting a novel approach for the large-scale isolation of exosomes.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we present a biodegradable biomass-derived protective layer,primarily composed of curcumin,as a zincophilic interface for AZMBs.The curcumin-based layer,fabricated via a homogeneous solution process,exhibits strong adhesion,uniform coverage,and robust mechanical integrity.Rich polar functional groups in curcumin facilitate homogeneous Zn~(2+)flux and suppress side reactions.The curcumin-based layer shows a favorable affinity for zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate(Zn(OTf)_(2))electrolyte,which is the representative of organic zinc salts,enabling optimal thickness for both protection and ion transport.The protected Zn anodes demonstrate an extended lifespan of 2500 h in symmetrical cells and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.15%.Furthermore,Zn(OTf)_(2)-based system typically exhibits poor stability at high current densities.Fortunately,the lifespan of symmetrical cells was extended by 40-fold at the high current density.When paired with an Na V_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)cathode,the system achieves 86.5%capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a large specific current density of 10 A g^(-1).These results underscore the efficacy of the curcumin-based protective layer in enhancing the reversibility and stability of metal electrodes,specifically relieving the instability of Zn(OTf)_(2)-based systems at high current densities,advancing its commercial viability.展开更多
The formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at Zn anodes represent two major obstacles that significantly impede the widespread commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries...The formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at Zn anodes represent two major obstacles that significantly impede the widespread commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.In this work,we propose sorbitan oleate(Span 80)as a novel amphiphilic electrolyte additive for 2 mol/L ZnSO_(4),demonstrating multifunctional performance.The unique ultra-long hydrophobic carbon chains of Span 80 effectively reduce free water molecules at the Zn anode-electrolyte interface,forming a robust hydrophobic interfacial layer that significantly suppresses HER and corrosion reactions.Simultaneously,carbon chains can enhance the desolvation effect of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+),leading to improve rate performance.Additionally,the hydrophilic sorbitan groups in Span 80 selectively adsorb onto active sites of the Zn anode,promoting uniform Zn^(2+)deposition and suppressing dendrite growth.The optimized Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits outstanding cycling stability,sustaining reversible plating/stripping for 570 h at 50 mA/cm^(2) and the Zn||V_(2)O_(5) full cell retains exceptional stability over 2000 cycles at 1 A/g.Our work presents a promising strategy for suppressing interfacial side reactions by constructing a hydrophobic protective layer through the use of ultra-long carbon chain surfactants.This approach offers new insights into enhancing the performance of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.展开更多
Underwater gas-liquid two-phase propulsion technology is an emerging propulsion method that offers high efficiency and unrestricted navigation speed.The integration of this technology into water ramjet engines can sig...Underwater gas-liquid two-phase propulsion technology is an emerging propulsion method that offers high efficiency and unrestricted navigation speed.The integration of this technology into water ramjet engines can significantly enhance propulsion efficiency and holds substantial potential for broad applications.However,forming a gas-liquid two-phase flow within the nozzle requires introducing a large amount of rammed seawater.At this time,there is a complex phase transition problem of combustion products in the combustion chamber,which makes the thermodynamic calculation for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines particularly challenging.This paper proposes a thermodynamic calculation method for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines,based on the energy equation for gas-liquid two-phase flow and traditional thermodynamic principles,enabling thermodynamic calculations under conditions of ultra-high water-fuel ratios.Additionally,ground ignition tests of the gas-liquid two-phase engine were conducted,yielding critical engine test parameters.The results demonstrate that the gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engine achieves a high specific impulse,with a theoretical maximum specific impulse of up to 7000(N s)/kg.The multiphase flow effects significantly impact engine performance,with specific impulse losses reaching up to 25.86%.The error between the thrust and specific impulse in the ground test and the theoretical values is within 10%,validating the proposed thermodynamic calculation method as a reliable reference for further research on gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but face challenges such as Zn dendrite growth,side reactions,and limited performance at low temperatures.Here,we propose an elect...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but face challenges such as Zn dendrite growth,side reactions,and limited performance at low temperatures.Here,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that reconstructs the hydrogenbond network through the synergistic effect of glycerol(GL)and methylsulfonamide(MSA),enabling the formation of a(100)-oriented Zn anode.This design significantly broadens the operating current and temperature windows of AZIBs.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells exhibit remarkable cycling stability,achieving 4,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 600 h at 40 mA cm^(-2)(both at 1 mAh cm^(-2)capacity);even at-20℃,Zn||Zn symmetric cells deliver ultra-stable cycling for over 5,400 h.Furthermore,Zn||VO_(2)full cells retain 77.3%of their capacity after 2,000 cycles at 30°C with a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and 85.4%capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at-20°C and 0.25 A g^(-1).These results demonstrate a robust pathway for enhancing the practicality and low-temperature adaptability of AZIBs.展开更多
In permafrost regions of the QinghaiXizang Plateau,embankments of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway and Qinghai-Xizang Railway experiencing roadside water accumulation exhibit more pronounced engineering deteriorations.A wid...In permafrost regions of the QinghaiXizang Plateau,embankments of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway and Qinghai-Xizang Railway experiencing roadside water accumulation exhibit more pronounced engineering deteriorations.A widely accepted view is that the accumulated water adjacent to the embankment possesses substantial thermal energy,which accelerates the degradation-even disappearance-of the underlying permafrost.Moreover,the presence of roadside water keeps the embankment soil in a persistently high-moisture state,thereby making the frozen-soil embankment more susceptible to deformation under traffic loading.However,in the permafrost regions of the QinghaiXizang Plateau,deteriorations of embankments affected by roadside water are more commonly manifested as undulating pavement surfaces,and extensive crack networks appear on the embankment crest even where thermosyphons are installed.These manifestations are not fully consistent with the deterioration mechanisms proposed by existing viewpoints.We propose the hypothesis that temperature gradients,formed due to the freezing and thawing processes between the roadside wateraffected soil and the roadbed soil,lead to moisture migration under the influence of temperature gradients,resulting in frost heave and thaw settlement in the roadbed soil.To validate this hypothesis,we conducted the following investigations sequentially.Initially,we selected a roadbed with a thermosyphon(TPCT)system,which has a significant cooling effect,as the study object.By analyzing the temperature monitoring data of the roadbed section,the temperature variance was calculated to identify the time nodes where the temperature gradient of the roadbed soil was maximum and minimum.Subsequently,corresponding roadbed temperature distribution maps were drawn,illustrating the changes in the temperature and position of the lowtemperature core near the TPCT over time.Furthermore,using small-scale indoor model experiments,we qualitatively concluded that moisture in the soil migrates toward the TPCT due to the temperature gradient.Thereafter,combining borehole water content data and precipitation data from the sloped terrain construction site,the formation mechanisms and timing characteristics of roadside water accumulation were analyzed.Ultimately,by integrating the ground temperature data,air temperature data,roadside water formation mechanisms,and the operating characteristics of the TPCT,it was concluded that roadside water,while in a thawed state during TPCT operation,acts as a supplementary source for moisture migration in the roadbed soil.This migration leads to cracking in the TPCT roadbed.Therefore,this study reveals a novel damage mechanism:asynchronous freeze-thaw processes induce temperature gradients,which drive the migration of roadside water into the roadbed and are responsible for the cracking damage.展开更多
Aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries(AAMIBs)have been recognized as emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications owning to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental ...Aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries(AAMIBs)have been recognized as emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications owning to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.However,the practical application of AAMIBs is still severely constrained by the tendency of aqueous electrolytes to freeze at low temperatures and decompose at high temperatures,limiting their operational temperature range.Considering the urgent need for energy systems with higher adaptability and resilience at various application scenarios,designing novel electrolytes via structure modulation has increasingly emerged as a feasible and economical strategy for the performance optimization of wide-temperature AAMIBs.In this review,the latest advancement of wide-temperature electrolytes for AAMIBs is systematically and comprehensively summarized.Specifically,the key challenges,failure mechanisms,correlations between hydrogen bond behaviors and physicochemical properties,and thermodynamic and kinetic interpretations in aqueous electrolytes are discussed firstly.Additionally,we offer forward-looking insights and innovative design principles for developing aqueous electrolytes capable of operating across a broad temperature range.This review is expected to provide some guidance and reference for the rational design and regulation of widetemperature electrolytes for AAMIBs and promote their future development.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites and the occurrence of significant side reactions.Herein,sucralose(SCL),as an electrolyte additive,has been used to promote the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.The introduction of SCL can adjust the Zn~(2+)nucleation and diffusion along different crystal facets,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.By substituting water molecules in the[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]~(2+),SCL reconfigures the hydrogen bond network in the electrolyte,reconstructing the solvation structure and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the Zn//Zn symmetric battery exhibits long-term cycling stability of over 4900 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)-1 mAh cm^(-2).Even at a harsh condition of 30 mA cm^(-2)-30 mAh cm^(-2)(DOD=73.3%),it can stably cycle for 171 h.The CE of the Zn//Cu half battery reaches 99.61% at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)with 0.2 mAh cm^(-2).Employing the optimized electrolyte,after 500 cycles,a high specific capacity of 420 mAh g^(-1)can be retained for the NH_4V_4O_(10)//Zn full battery at 500 mA g^(-1),corresponding to a capacity retention of 90.7%.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing car...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hold great promise as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,they also face challenges of sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity loss.Herein,a conformational ...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hold great promise as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,they also face challenges of sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity loss.Herein,a conformational entropy regulation strategy has been applied to surmount the shortcomings.A medium-entropy iron-based metal organic framework(MIL-88)derived NiCoFeInZnV-based layered double hydroxide with carbon loaded(ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C)has been first proposed and prepared with a designed method.The increased entropy optimizes electron conductivity and alleviates structure alteration and diffusion barrier during interactions with charge carriers,due to electron-induced effect and“cocktail”effect.Moreover,the nanosheet assembled hollow prismatic structures could homogenize flux distribution and electric field distribution.Therefore,the electrochemical kinetics,crystal structure stability,and activity could be dramatically improved.Leveraging the advantages of structure and composition regulation,Zn||ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C zinc battery delivers high specific capacities,rate performance,and cycling stability.This work proposes a novel and feasible medium-entropy strategy to prepare a high-performance cathode for advanced AZIBs,which is of prominent significance for the development of charge storage devices.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the serious hydrogen evolution reactions(HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further developme...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the serious hydrogen evolution reactions(HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further development.Herein,potassium acetate(KAc) additive with cation/anion synergy effect is added into the ZnSO_(4) electrolyte to effectively promote the oriented uniform Zn deposition and suppress side reactions.According to density functional theory calculation and experimental results,CH_(3)COO^(-)(Ac^(-))anions are capable of forming stronger hydrogen bonds with H_(2)O molecules,leading to an expanded electrochemical stability window,reduced the reactivity of H_(2)O,and hence suppressing HER.Meanwhile,Ac-anions can also preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode,promoting dense deposition towards the(100) crystal plane.Besides,dissociated K^(+) ions serve as electrostatic shielding cations,which significantly promote uniform Zn deposition and prevent dendrite formation.Thus,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell demonstrates an impressive cycle lifespan of 3000 h at 1.0 m A/cm^(2).Furthermore,the Zn||MnO_(2) full battery exhibits superior stability with a capacity retention of 86.95 % at 2.0 A/g after 4000 cycles.Therefore,the cation/anion synergy effect in KAc additive offers a viable solution to address HER and hinder dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes.展开更多
Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactanttwo-phase system （ASTP） with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）. Results indicate that ...Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactanttwo-phase system （ASTP） with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）. Results indicate that the region of ASTP is narrow and there is only a two-phase region of cationic surfactant. The increase in concentrations of NaBr and Na2SO4 are beneficial to the formation of ASTP. Theanine concentration in the bottom phase increases with increasing concentration of theanine, whereas the Partition coefficient and extraction rate only change a littlewhen the concentration of theanine is above 0.2 g.L-＇. With the increase of SDS concentration, the phase ratio and the partition coefficient decrease, while the extraction efficiency of theanine increases and the concentration of theanine changes a little in the range from 2.4/7.5 to 2.8/7.2 for SDS/CTAB ratio. The temperature has a notable ef- fect on the concentration of theanine in the bottom phase, partition coefficient and extraction rate of theanine. The increase of waste liquid decreases the phase ratio, increases the concentration and extraction rate of theanine in the bottom ohase, since the orotein and the saccharide enter the bottom nhase with theanine.展开更多
Aqueous two-phase system features with ultralow interfacial tension and thick interfacial region,affording unique confined space for membrane assembly.Here,for the first time,an aqueous two-phase interfacial assembly ...Aqueous two-phase system features with ultralow interfacial tension and thick interfacial region,affording unique confined space for membrane assembly.Here,for the first time,an aqueous two-phase interfacial assembly method is proposed to fabricate covalent organic framework(COF)membranes.The aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol and dextran undergoes segregated phase separation into two water-rich phases.By respectively distributing aldehyde and amine monomers into two aqueous phases,a series of COF membranes are fabricated at water-water interface.The resultant membranes exhibit high NaCl rejection of 93.0-93.6% and water permeance reaching 1.7-3.7 L m^(−2) h^(−1) bar^(−1),superior to most water desalination membranes.Interestingly,the interfacial tension is found to have pronounced effect on membrane structures.The appropriate interfacial tension range(0.1-1.0 mN m^(−1))leads to the tight and intact COF membranes.Furthermore,the method is extended to the fabrication of other COF and metal-organic polymer membranes.This work is the first exploitation of fabricating membranes in all-aqueous system,confering a green and generic method for advanced membrane manufacturing.展开更多
This paper presents the evaluation of an aqueous two-phase system （ATPS） for extracting elastase produced by Bacillus sp. EL31410. The elastase and cell partition behavior in polyethylene glycol （PEG）/salt systems...This paper presents the evaluation of an aqueous two-phase system （ATPS） for extracting elastase produced by Bacillus sp. EL31410. The elastase and cell partition behavior in polyethylene glycol （PEG）/salt systems was investigated. The suitable system for elastase extraction was PEG/KHEPO4-KEHPO4, in which elastase is mainly partitioned into the PEG-rich phase, while the cells remained in the other phase. The influence of defined system parameters （e.g. PEG molecular mass, pH, NaCl addition） on the partitioning behavior of elastase is described. The concentration of phase forming components, PEG and KHEPO4-KEHPO4, was optimized for elastase recovery by means of response surface methodology, and it was found that they greatly influenced extraction recovery. The optimal ATPS was 23.1% （w/w） PEG 2000 and 11.7% （w/w） KHEPO4-KEHPO4. The predicted recovery was about 89.5%, so this process is suggested to be a rapid and convenient method for elastase extraction.展开更多
The isothermal solubility data of aqueous two-phase system ethanol+water+K 2HPO 4 were determined with the turbidity titration method at 303.2 K. The binodal curves were described by using the Mistry equation very w...The isothermal solubility data of aqueous two-phase system ethanol+water+K 2HPO 4 were determined with the turbidity titration method at 303.2 K. The binodal curves were described by using the Mistry equation very well. An experimental procedure for measuring the liquid-liquid equilibrium data of the aqueous two-phase system was proposed, in which the concentrations of the coexisting phases were determined with the corresponding densities of the solution. The tie lines were satisfactorily described by using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations.展开更多
One of the bottlenecks for bioproduction of butyric acid as bulk chemical is the difficulty in separating butyric acid from the fermentation broth,compared with the petroleum-based chemical synthesis method.In the pre...One of the bottlenecks for bioproduction of butyric acid as bulk chemical is the difficulty in separating butyric acid from the fermentation broth,compared with the petroleum-based chemical synthesis method.In the present work,a novel separation methodology was developed based on an aqueous two-phase system with inor-ganic salts.Calcium chloride was screened out for effective separation of butyric acid from butyric acid-water-salt systems.Within appropriate concentration range of butyric acid and salt,butyric acid was enriched in the upper phase and most of calcium ions remained in the lower phase.This"salting out"effect is very efficient to separate butyric acid from the simulated butyrate fermentation broth,which consists of butyric acid and acetic acid with concentration ratio of 4︰1,so that the final ratio of butyric acid/acetic acid in the upper phase is improved to 9.87. The aqueous two-phase system was used to separate butyric acid from the actual fermentation broth with satisfac-tory result.展开更多
A 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-salt aqueous two-phase system was studied on extraction of abused drugs. The effects of sorts of salts, temperature, concentration of salt and drugs on system were investigated s...A 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-salt aqueous two-phase system was studied on extraction of abused drugs. The effects of sorts of salts, temperature, concentration of salt and drugs on system were investigated systematically. A satisfactory extraction efficiency of 93% was obtained for papaverine while that of morphine was 65%. The extraction mechanism was primarily discussed.展开更多
A new technique was developed for the integrated processing of cell disruption and aqueous two-phase extraction in a high-speed bead mill to separate intracellular proteins from microbial cells. The process was named ...A new technique was developed for the integrated processing of cell disruption and aqueous two-phase extraction in a high-speed bead mill to separate intracellular proteins from microbial cells. The process was named as simultaneous cell disruption and aqueous two-phase extraction (SDATE). Advantages, such as high cell disruption efficiency, biochemical activities preservation of proteins, cell debris elimination, and prelimiary purification of the target protein were being claimed. When this technique was employed for isolating recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) from E. coli, overall protein concentration and TNF activity were found to have been increased. More than 95% of TNF was partitioned into the top phase and all cell debris were in the bottom phase. The partition coefficient was greater than 3 and the TNF purification factor was greater than 6. It is shown that less separation steps were being utilized in the new technique, meaning a reduction in separation time and less process extractors required.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378350).
文摘The exosomes hold significant potential in disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of aqueous two-phase systems(ATPSs)for the separation of bovine milk exosomes.The milk exosome partition behaviors and bovine milk separation were investigated,and the ATPSs and bovine milk whey addition was optimized.The optimal separation conditions were identified as 16%(mass)polyethylene glycol 4000,10%(mass)dipotassium phosphate,and 1%(mass)enzymatic hydrolysis bovine milk whey.During the separation process,bovine milk exosomes were predominantly enriched in the interphase,while protein impurities were primarily found in the bottom phase.The process yielded bovine milk exosomes of 2.0×10^(11)particles per ml whey with high purity(staining rate>90%,7.01×10^(10)particles per mg protein)and high uniformity(polydispersity index<0.03).The isolated exosomes were characterized and identified by transmission electron microscopy,zeta potential and size distribution.The results demonstrated aqueous two-phase extraction possesses a robust capability for the enrichment and separation of exosomes directly from bovine milk whey,presenting a novel approach for the large-scale isolation of exosomes.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2024J011210)the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology (No.YKJ23017R)。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.
基金the financial support from Research Institute for Smart Energy at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant No.CDB2)the support of the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme(Grant No.PF21-65328)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we present a biodegradable biomass-derived protective layer,primarily composed of curcumin,as a zincophilic interface for AZMBs.The curcumin-based layer,fabricated via a homogeneous solution process,exhibits strong adhesion,uniform coverage,and robust mechanical integrity.Rich polar functional groups in curcumin facilitate homogeneous Zn~(2+)flux and suppress side reactions.The curcumin-based layer shows a favorable affinity for zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate(Zn(OTf)_(2))electrolyte,which is the representative of organic zinc salts,enabling optimal thickness for both protection and ion transport.The protected Zn anodes demonstrate an extended lifespan of 2500 h in symmetrical cells and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.15%.Furthermore,Zn(OTf)_(2)-based system typically exhibits poor stability at high current densities.Fortunately,the lifespan of symmetrical cells was extended by 40-fold at the high current density.When paired with an Na V_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)cathode,the system achieves 86.5%capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a large specific current density of 10 A g^(-1).These results underscore the efficacy of the curcumin-based protective layer in enhancing the reversibility and stability of metal electrodes,specifically relieving the instability of Zn(OTf)_(2)-based systems at high current densities,advancing its commercial viability.
基金supported by the financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120095)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52471229 and 52171210)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Department Program(No.20240101004JJ).
文摘The formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at Zn anodes represent two major obstacles that significantly impede the widespread commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.In this work,we propose sorbitan oleate(Span 80)as a novel amphiphilic electrolyte additive for 2 mol/L ZnSO_(4),demonstrating multifunctional performance.The unique ultra-long hydrophobic carbon chains of Span 80 effectively reduce free water molecules at the Zn anode-electrolyte interface,forming a robust hydrophobic interfacial layer that significantly suppresses HER and corrosion reactions.Simultaneously,carbon chains can enhance the desolvation effect of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+),leading to improve rate performance.Additionally,the hydrophilic sorbitan groups in Span 80 selectively adsorb onto active sites of the Zn anode,promoting uniform Zn^(2+)deposition and suppressing dendrite growth.The optimized Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits outstanding cycling stability,sustaining reversible plating/stripping for 570 h at 50 mA/cm^(2) and the Zn||V_(2)O_(5) full cell retains exceptional stability over 2000 cycles at 1 A/g.Our work presents a promising strategy for suppressing interfacial side reactions by constructing a hydrophobic protective layer through the use of ultra-long carbon chain surfactants.This approach offers new insights into enhancing the performance of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Stable Support Fund forBasic Disciplines,China(No.3072024WD0201)。
文摘Underwater gas-liquid two-phase propulsion technology is an emerging propulsion method that offers high efficiency and unrestricted navigation speed.The integration of this technology into water ramjet engines can significantly enhance propulsion efficiency and holds substantial potential for broad applications.However,forming a gas-liquid two-phase flow within the nozzle requires introducing a large amount of rammed seawater.At this time,there is a complex phase transition problem of combustion products in the combustion chamber,which makes the thermodynamic calculation for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines particularly challenging.This paper proposes a thermodynamic calculation method for gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines,based on the energy equation for gas-liquid two-phase flow and traditional thermodynamic principles,enabling thermodynamic calculations under conditions of ultra-high water-fuel ratios.Additionally,ground ignition tests of the gas-liquid two-phase engine were conducted,yielding critical engine test parameters.The results demonstrate that the gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engine achieves a high specific impulse,with a theoretical maximum specific impulse of up to 7000(N s)/kg.The multiphase flow effects significantly impact engine performance,with specific impulse losses reaching up to 25.86%.The error between the thrust and specific impulse in the ground test and the theoretical values is within 10%,validating the proposed thermodynamic calculation method as a reliable reference for further research on gas-liquid two-phase water ramjet engines.
基金financially supported by Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research(No.2023B0303000002)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Programs(No.JCYJ20241202125404007)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52263016,22265007)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but face challenges such as Zn dendrite growth,side reactions,and limited performance at low temperatures.Here,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that reconstructs the hydrogenbond network through the synergistic effect of glycerol(GL)and methylsulfonamide(MSA),enabling the formation of a(100)-oriented Zn anode.This design significantly broadens the operating current and temperature windows of AZIBs.As a result,Zn||Zn symmetric cells exhibit remarkable cycling stability,achieving 4,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 600 h at 40 mA cm^(-2)(both at 1 mAh cm^(-2)capacity);even at-20℃,Zn||Zn symmetric cells deliver ultra-stable cycling for over 5,400 h.Furthermore,Zn||VO_(2)full cells retain 77.3%of their capacity after 2,000 cycles at 30°C with a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1)and 85.4%capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at-20°C and 0.25 A g^(-1).These results demonstrate a robust pathway for enhancing the practicality and low-temperature adaptability of AZIBs.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Grant No.24ZD13FA003 and 23ZDWA005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42371140,42301163,41971087 and 42272332)the program of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,CAS(No.CSFSEZZ-2411)。
文摘In permafrost regions of the QinghaiXizang Plateau,embankments of the Qinghai-Xizang Highway and Qinghai-Xizang Railway experiencing roadside water accumulation exhibit more pronounced engineering deteriorations.A widely accepted view is that the accumulated water adjacent to the embankment possesses substantial thermal energy,which accelerates the degradation-even disappearance-of the underlying permafrost.Moreover,the presence of roadside water keeps the embankment soil in a persistently high-moisture state,thereby making the frozen-soil embankment more susceptible to deformation under traffic loading.However,in the permafrost regions of the QinghaiXizang Plateau,deteriorations of embankments affected by roadside water are more commonly manifested as undulating pavement surfaces,and extensive crack networks appear on the embankment crest even where thermosyphons are installed.These manifestations are not fully consistent with the deterioration mechanisms proposed by existing viewpoints.We propose the hypothesis that temperature gradients,formed due to the freezing and thawing processes between the roadside wateraffected soil and the roadbed soil,lead to moisture migration under the influence of temperature gradients,resulting in frost heave and thaw settlement in the roadbed soil.To validate this hypothesis,we conducted the following investigations sequentially.Initially,we selected a roadbed with a thermosyphon(TPCT)system,which has a significant cooling effect,as the study object.By analyzing the temperature monitoring data of the roadbed section,the temperature variance was calculated to identify the time nodes where the temperature gradient of the roadbed soil was maximum and minimum.Subsequently,corresponding roadbed temperature distribution maps were drawn,illustrating the changes in the temperature and position of the lowtemperature core near the TPCT over time.Furthermore,using small-scale indoor model experiments,we qualitatively concluded that moisture in the soil migrates toward the TPCT due to the temperature gradient.Thereafter,combining borehole water content data and precipitation data from the sloped terrain construction site,the formation mechanisms and timing characteristics of roadside water accumulation were analyzed.Ultimately,by integrating the ground temperature data,air temperature data,roadside water formation mechanisms,and the operating characteristics of the TPCT,it was concluded that roadside water,while in a thawed state during TPCT operation,acts as a supplementary source for moisture migration in the roadbed soil.This migration leads to cracking in the TPCT roadbed.Therefore,this study reveals a novel damage mechanism:asynchronous freeze-thaw processes induce temperature gradients,which drive the migration of roadside water into the roadbed and are responsible for the cracking damage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002297)National Key R&D Program of China(2022VFB2404800)+1 种基金Wuhan Yellow Crane Talents Program,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752495)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230552).
文摘Aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries(AAMIBs)have been recognized as emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications owning to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.However,the practical application of AAMIBs is still severely constrained by the tendency of aqueous electrolytes to freeze at low temperatures and decompose at high temperatures,limiting their operational temperature range.Considering the urgent need for energy systems with higher adaptability and resilience at various application scenarios,designing novel electrolytes via structure modulation has increasingly emerged as a feasible and economical strategy for the performance optimization of wide-temperature AAMIBs.In this review,the latest advancement of wide-temperature electrolytes for AAMIBs is systematically and comprehensively summarized.Specifically,the key challenges,failure mechanisms,correlations between hydrogen bond behaviors and physicochemical properties,and thermodynamic and kinetic interpretations in aqueous electrolytes are discussed firstly.Additionally,we offer forward-looking insights and innovative design principles for developing aqueous electrolytes capable of operating across a broad temperature range.This review is expected to provide some guidance and reference for the rational design and regulation of widetemperature electrolytes for AAMIBs and promote their future development.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Initiative(202423i08050051)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085MB029)+1 种基金the HFIPS Director’s Fund(YZJJGGZX202201)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(B2024402018)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites and the occurrence of significant side reactions.Herein,sucralose(SCL),as an electrolyte additive,has been used to promote the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.The introduction of SCL can adjust the Zn~(2+)nucleation and diffusion along different crystal facets,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.By substituting water molecules in the[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]~(2+),SCL reconfigures the hydrogen bond network in the electrolyte,reconstructing the solvation structure and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the Zn//Zn symmetric battery exhibits long-term cycling stability of over 4900 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)-1 mAh cm^(-2).Even at a harsh condition of 30 mA cm^(-2)-30 mAh cm^(-2)(DOD=73.3%),it can stably cycle for 171 h.The CE of the Zn//Cu half battery reaches 99.61% at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)with 0.2 mAh cm^(-2).Employing the optimized electrolyte,after 500 cycles,a high specific capacity of 420 mAh g^(-1)can be retained for the NH_4V_4O_(10)//Zn full battery at 500 mA g^(-1),corresponding to a capacity retention of 90.7%.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125202,52202100,and U24A2065)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20243016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024T171166).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.
基金the fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities(x2wjD2240360)for the funding supportMeanwhile,Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,EP/V027433/3)+2 种基金UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding(101077226,EP/Y008707/1)Faraday Institution(EP/S003053/1)Degradation project(FIRG001),Royal Society(IEC\NSFC\233361),QUB Agility Fund and Wright Technology and Research Centre(W-Tech,R5240MEE)Funding from UK aid from the UK Government through the Faraday Institution and the Transforming Energy Access Programme(Grant number FIRG050-Device engineering of Zn-based hybrid micro-flow batteries and by-product H2 collection for Emerging Economies)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202217,52471222)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Grant No.YDZJ202201ZYTS375).
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hold great promise as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,they also face challenges of sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity loss.Herein,a conformational entropy regulation strategy has been applied to surmount the shortcomings.A medium-entropy iron-based metal organic framework(MIL-88)derived NiCoFeInZnV-based layered double hydroxide with carbon loaded(ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C)has been first proposed and prepared with a designed method.The increased entropy optimizes electron conductivity and alleviates structure alteration and diffusion barrier during interactions with charge carriers,due to electron-induced effect and“cocktail”effect.Moreover,the nanosheet assembled hollow prismatic structures could homogenize flux distribution and electric field distribution.Therefore,the electrochemical kinetics,crystal structure stability,and activity could be dramatically improved.Leveraging the advantages of structure and composition regulation,Zn||ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C zinc battery delivers high specific capacities,rate performance,and cycling stability.This work proposes a novel and feasible medium-entropy strategy to prepare a high-performance cathode for advanced AZIBs,which is of prominent significance for the development of charge storage devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52372188)the 111 Project (No.D17007)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent program。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have advantages including low economic cost and high safety.Nevertheless,the serious hydrogen evolution reactions(HER) and rampant growth of Zn dendrite hinder their further development.Herein,potassium acetate(KAc) additive with cation/anion synergy effect is added into the ZnSO_(4) electrolyte to effectively promote the oriented uniform Zn deposition and suppress side reactions.According to density functional theory calculation and experimental results,CH_(3)COO^(-)(Ac^(-))anions are capable of forming stronger hydrogen bonds with H_(2)O molecules,leading to an expanded electrochemical stability window,reduced the reactivity of H_(2)O,and hence suppressing HER.Meanwhile,Ac-anions can also preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode,promoting dense deposition towards the(100) crystal plane.Besides,dissociated K^(+) ions serve as electrostatic shielding cations,which significantly promote uniform Zn deposition and prevent dendrite formation.Thus,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell demonstrates an impressive cycle lifespan of 3000 h at 1.0 m A/cm^(2).Furthermore,the Zn||MnO_(2) full battery exhibits superior stability with a capacity retention of 86.95 % at 2.0 A/g after 4000 cycles.Therefore,the cation/anion synergy effect in KAc additive offers a viable solution to address HER and hinder dendrite growth at the interface of Zn anodes.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP11205)
文摘Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactanttwo-phase system （ASTP） with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）. Results indicate that the region of ASTP is narrow and there is only a two-phase region of cationic surfactant. The increase in concentrations of NaBr and Na2SO4 are beneficial to the formation of ASTP. Theanine concentration in the bottom phase increases with increasing concentration of theanine, whereas the Partition coefficient and extraction rate only change a littlewhen the concentration of theanine is above 0.2 g.L-＇. With the increase of SDS concentration, the phase ratio and the partition coefficient decrease, while the extraction efficiency of theanine increases and the concentration of theanine changes a little in the range from 2.4/7.5 to 2.8/7.2 for SDS/CTAB ratio. The temperature has a notable ef- fect on the concentration of theanine in the bottom phase, partition coefficient and extraction rate of theanine. The increase of waste liquid decreases the phase ratio, increases the concentration and extraction rate of theanine in the bottom ohase, since the orotein and the saccharide enter the bottom nhase with theanine.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2101200 and 2021YFB3802200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178251,21878216,91934302,21838008 and 21878215)+1 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.BP0618007)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘Aqueous two-phase system features with ultralow interfacial tension and thick interfacial region,affording unique confined space for membrane assembly.Here,for the first time,an aqueous two-phase interfacial assembly method is proposed to fabricate covalent organic framework(COF)membranes.The aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol and dextran undergoes segregated phase separation into two water-rich phases.By respectively distributing aldehyde and amine monomers into two aqueous phases,a series of COF membranes are fabricated at water-water interface.The resultant membranes exhibit high NaCl rejection of 93.0-93.6% and water permeance reaching 1.7-3.7 L m^(−2) h^(−1) bar^(−1),superior to most water desalination membranes.Interestingly,the interfacial tension is found to have pronounced effect on membrane structures.The appropriate interfacial tension range(0.1-1.0 mN m^(−1))leads to the tight and intact COF membranes.Furthermore,the method is extended to the fabrication of other COF and metal-organic polymer membranes.This work is the first exploitation of fabricating membranes in all-aqueous system,confering a green and generic method for advanced membrane manufacturing.
基金Project (No. 20276064) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This paper presents the evaluation of an aqueous two-phase system （ATPS） for extracting elastase produced by Bacillus sp. EL31410. The elastase and cell partition behavior in polyethylene glycol （PEG）/salt systems was investigated. The suitable system for elastase extraction was PEG/KHEPO4-KEHPO4, in which elastase is mainly partitioned into the PEG-rich phase, while the cells remained in the other phase. The influence of defined system parameters （e.g. PEG molecular mass, pH, NaCl addition） on the partitioning behavior of elastase is described. The concentration of phase forming components, PEG and KHEPO4-KEHPO4, was optimized for elastase recovery by means of response surface methodology, and it was found that they greatly influenced extraction recovery. The optimal ATPS was 23.1% （w/w） PEG 2000 and 11.7% （w/w） KHEPO4-KEHPO4. The predicted recovery was about 89.5%, so this process is suggested to be a rapid and convenient method for elastase extraction.
基金Supported by Naturd Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No. E0 2 10 0 2 2 ),Japan Science and Technology Corpora-tion(JST)
文摘The isothermal solubility data of aqueous two-phase system ethanol+water+K 2HPO 4 were determined with the turbidity titration method at 303.2 K. The binodal curves were described by using the Mistry equation very well. An experimental procedure for measuring the liquid-liquid equilibrium data of the aqueous two-phase system was proposed, in which the concentrations of the coexisting phases were determined with the corresponding densities of the solution. The tie lines were satisfactorily described by using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2009AA02Z206,2006AA02Z239)the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB707805)the Ministry of Science and Technology,China
文摘One of the bottlenecks for bioproduction of butyric acid as bulk chemical is the difficulty in separating butyric acid from the fermentation broth,compared with the petroleum-based chemical synthesis method.In the present work,a novel separation methodology was developed based on an aqueous two-phase system with inor-ganic salts.Calcium chloride was screened out for effective separation of butyric acid from butyric acid-water-salt systems.Within appropriate concentration range of butyric acid and salt,butyric acid was enriched in the upper phase and most of calcium ions remained in the lower phase.This"salting out"effect is very efficient to separate butyric acid from the simulated butyrate fermentation broth,which consists of butyric acid and acetic acid with concentration ratio of 4︰1,so that the final ratio of butyric acid/acetic acid in the upper phase is improved to 9.87. The aqueous two-phase system was used to separate butyric acid from the actual fermentation broth with satisfac-tory result.
基金This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20275003 and 20335010).
文摘A 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-salt aqueous two-phase system was studied on extraction of abused drugs. The effects of sorts of salts, temperature, concentration of salt and drugs on system were investigated systematically. A satisfactory extraction efficiency of 93% was obtained for papaverine while that of morphine was 65%. The extraction mechanism was primarily discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.295256O9 and 29736180).
文摘A new technique was developed for the integrated processing of cell disruption and aqueous two-phase extraction in a high-speed bead mill to separate intracellular proteins from microbial cells. The process was named as simultaneous cell disruption and aqueous two-phase extraction (SDATE). Advantages, such as high cell disruption efficiency, biochemical activities preservation of proteins, cell debris elimination, and prelimiary purification of the target protein were being claimed. When this technique was employed for isolating recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) from E. coli, overall protein concentration and TNF activity were found to have been increased. More than 95% of TNF was partitioned into the top phase and all cell debris were in the bottom phase. The partition coefficient was greater than 3 and the TNF purification factor was greater than 6. It is shown that less separation steps were being utilized in the new technique, meaning a reduction in separation time and less process extractors required.
