This article investigates the approaching control for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehi-cle(UAV)aerial recovery in the presence of pre-specified performance requirements,complex air-flows,maneuvering flight of transport...This article investigates the approaching control for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehi-cle(UAV)aerial recovery in the presence of pre-specified performance requirements,complex air-flows,maneuvering flight of transport aircraft,and different initial deviations.First,a novelcontrol-oriented Six-Degree-Of-Freedom(6-DOF)UAV model considering airflow disturbancesis established for better consistency with the actual UAV system.Then,to achieve satisfactory per-formance in the approaching process,a Flexible Appointed-time Prescribed Performance Control(FAPPC)algorithm,with the features of user-specified time convergence,no overshoot,indepen-dence from the initial value,and singularity-free,is proposed.Specifically,to solve the singularityissue encountered by the existing PPC methods in dealing with sudden disturbances,an adaptiveadjustment signal is introduced in FAPPC to perceive the threat of increasing error and relax thepreset boundaries appropriately.Moreover,minimum learning parameter-based neural networkestimators are developed to approximate unknown lumped disturbances at a low computationalcost.Finally,the stability of the closed system is analyzed via Lyapunov synthesis,and the effective-ness and advantages of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated via simulation andHardware-In-the-Loop(HIL)experimental validation.展开更多
Desertification creeps across the landscape like a silent thief,stealing life and leaving behind a barren wasteland.This year's World Environment Day theme,‘Land Restoration,desertification and drought resilience...Desertification creeps across the landscape like a silent thief,stealing life and leaving behind a barren wasteland.This year's World Environment Day theme,‘Land Restoration,desertification and drought resilience’,is a stark reminder of the pressing need to heal the wounds we've inflicted on our planet.展开更多
By establishing the concepts of fuzzy approaching set and fuzzy approaching functional mapping and making research on them, a new method for time series prediction is introduced.
We demonstrate a diode pumped Yb：LuVO4 laser that can be passively Q-switched by a Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber having an initial transmission as high as 99.3%.A maximum pulsed output power of 2.35 W is generat...We demonstrate a diode pumped Yb：LuVO4 laser that can be passively Q-switched by a Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber having an initial transmission as high as 99.3%.A maximum pulsed output power of 2.35 W is generated at a repetition rate of 285.7 kHz,approaching or very near the intrinsic upper limit imposed by the recovery time of the Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber,and the resulting pulse energy,duration and peak power are,respectively,8.2μJ,39.2ns and 0.209kW.展开更多
For most universities and colleges in China, literary theory is taught at the graduate level of literary studies. Most English teachers think literary theory is such a complex field with jargon-ridden disciplines and ...For most universities and colleges in China, literary theory is taught at the graduate level of literary studies. Most English teachers think literary theory is such a complex field with jargon-ridden disciplines and concepts that it is often considered as ＂a hot potato＂ in classroom teaching. Based on a case study from ＂Approaching Fiction＂ in China Youth University of Political Studies （CYUPS）, the present paper claims that application of literary theory in teaching literature not only greatly broadens students＇ horizon but also deepens their interpretation and understanding of literary works. With proper selection of teaching material and carefully designed teaching approaches, application of critical theory plays an increasingly important role in the undergraduate literature classroom.展开更多
The year 1993 was the fifteenth of China’s reform and opening to the outside. Its economy sustained double digit growth for two years running. Last year, domestic GNP was RMB3,138 billion, a 13.4 percent increase com...The year 1993 was the fifteenth of China’s reform and opening to the outside. Its economy sustained double digit growth for two years running. Last year, domestic GNP was RMB3,138 billion, a 13.4 percent increase compared with the previous year’s 13.2 percent.展开更多
The use of finite element method leads to replacing the initial domain by an approaching domain. Under some appropriate assumptions, we prove that there exists a W1,+∞-diffeomorphism from the original domain to the a...The use of finite element method leads to replacing the initial domain by an approaching domain. Under some appropriate assumptions, we prove that there exists a W1,+∞-diffeomorphism from the original domain to the approaching domain.展开更多
China’s most important traditional festival,the Spring Festival,is approaching.Unlike religious festivals in Western countries,the Spring Festival is closely related to nature.By celebrating the arrival of spring,it ...China’s most important traditional festival,the Spring Festival,is approaching.Unlike religious festivals in Western countries,the Spring Festival is closely related to nature.By celebrating the arrival of spring,it embodies the idea of the renewal of all manifestations and the unity of nature and humans.At the same time,it is also a festival about family reunion,fully showing how much Chinese people cherish kinship,friendship,and familial harmony.This harmony between humans and nature,humans and society,and among humans themselves is the essence of the tradition of the Spring Festival,and is also a core cultural value pursued and cherished by the Chinese nation for thousands of years.Today,China’s internal affairs and diplomatic thoughts are permeated with the values of harmonious coexistence,and the Doctrine of the Mean is still the quintessential wisdom embraced by Chinese people who seek to achieve harmonious interpersonal relations with it.展开更多
There is no historical evidence of a connection between Chinese and African art, but today, artists from the two sides are making efforts to build just such a connection. On June 18, an art exhibition entitled Approac...There is no historical evidence of a connection between Chinese and African art, but today, artists from the two sides are making efforts to build just such a connection. On June 18, an art exhibition entitled Approaching Africa was held at Shenzhen University＇s art museum. The exhibition included more than 60 works by nine artists from Shenzhen＇s art institutes. The works were created by the artists during a tour of African countries including Benin, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.展开更多
This paper presents a calculation method that evaluates the extent of disturbance based on structural safety limits.Additionally,it summarizes the assessment methods for construction disturbance zones in shield tunnel...This paper presents a calculation method that evaluates the extent of disturbance based on structural safety limits.Additionally,it summarizes the assessment methods for construction disturbance zones in shield tunneling near pile foundations,urban ground structures,and underground structures.Furthermore,taking the construction of the Chengdu Jinxiu Tunnel under bridges and urban pipelines as the engineering background,a study on the disturbance zoning of adjacent structures was conducted.The most intense disturbance occurs within one week of the tunnel underpass process,and it has a significant impact within a range of two times the tunnel diameter along the tunnel axis.The bridge pile and bridge deck experience less disturbance from tunnel approaching construction,with a maximum disturbance zone characterized as medium disturbance.On the other hand,underground pipelines are subjected to more significant disturbances from tunnel construction,with a maximum disturbance zone classified as strong disturbance.The implementation of“bridge pile sleeve valve pipe grouting&underground pipeline ground grouting&tunnel advance grouting”in the field effectively limits the vertical settlement of bridges and pipelines,resulting in a decrease of approximately 0.1 in disturbance level for the structures.The disturbance zoning method can assess tunnel disturbance with structures,identify high-risk interference locations,and facilitate targeted design reinforcement solutions.展开更多
The first liver transplantation(LT)in humans was performed by Thomas Starzl on March 1,1963[1,2](Fig.1).During the period 1963-1983,this challenging procedure was performed in four centers only,one in the USA and thre...The first liver transplantation(LT)in humans was performed by Thomas Starzl on March 1,1963[1,2](Fig.1).During the period 1963-1983,this challenging procedure was performed in four centers only,one in the USA and three in Western Europe:Denver,Cambridge,Hannover and Groningen.Their collected experience including only 540 cases(meaning 27(!)cases yearly)was the basis of the 1983 National Institutes of Health(NIH)development consensus conference leading to the conclusion that LT could become“a promising alternative to the current therapy in the management of the late phase of several forms of serious liver disease…candidates are those who exhausted alternative medical and surgical treatments…and are approaching the terminal phase of their illness”.Patients presenting liver tumors and inherited,liver based,metabolic diseases could also be considered for LT[3].This conference put forward ten absolute and five relative contraindications restricting thereby the access to LT to a minority of very well selected liver diseased patients.展开更多
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI),recognized with Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry in 2024,has been revolutionizing countless aspects of modern life,driving innovations across diverse fiel...The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI),recognized with Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry in 2024,has been revolutionizing countless aspects of modern life,driving innovations across diverse fields and reshaping how people interact with technology.Despite its great advances,the computing of AI systems is now approaching the limit of traditional computing based on the von Neumann architecture,which is characterized by separated memory and process units-a challenge known as the"von Neumann bottleneck".展开更多
Numerous experimental and theoretical investigations have highlighted the power law behavior of the proton structure function F_(2)(x,Q^(2)),particularly the dependence of its power constant on various kinematic varia...Numerous experimental and theoretical investigations have highlighted the power law behavior of the proton structure function F_(2)(x,Q^(2)),particularly the dependence of its power constant on various kinematic variables.In this study,we analyze the proton structure function F_(2)employing the analytical solution of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation,with a focus on the high Q^(2)regime and small x domains.Our results indicate that as Q^(2)increases,the slope parameterλ,which characterizes the growth rate of F_(2),exhibits a gradual decrease,approaching a limiting value ofλ≈0.41±0.01 for large Q^(2).We suggest that this behavior ofλmay be attributed to mechanisms such as gluon overlap and the suppression of phase space growth.To substantiate these conclusions,further high-precision electron–ion collision experiments are required,encompassing a broad range of Q^(2)and x.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes...Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.展开更多
A soil remediation method combining in situ reduction of Cr（VI） with approaching anodes electroki- netic （AAs-EK） remediation is proposed. EK experiments were conducted to compare the effect of approaching anodes ...A soil remediation method combining in situ reduction of Cr（VI） with approaching anodes electroki- netic （AAs-EK） remediation is proposed. EK experiments were conducted to compare the effect of approaching anodes （AAs） and fixed electrodes （FEs） with and without sodium bisulfite （NaHSO3） as a reducing agent. When NaHSO3 was added to the soil before EK treatment, 90.3% of the Cr（VI） was reduced to Cr（III）. EK experiments showed that the adverse effect of contrasting migration of Cr（III） and Cr（VI） species, which limits the practical application of this technique, was eliminated in the presence of the reducing agent. Furthermore, Tessier fractionation analysis indicated that the reducing agent changed the distribution of the chemical forms of Cr. The AAs-EK method was shown to acidize the soil as the anode moved toward the cathode and this acid front pushed the ＂focusing＂ region toward the cathode. After remedia- tion, the pH of the soil was between 1.8 and 5.0 in AAs-EK experiments. The total Cr removal efficiency was 64.4% （except in the ＂focusing＂ region） when the reduction reaction was combined with AAs-EK method. We conclude that AAs-EK remediation in the presence of NaHSO3 is an appropriate method for Cr-contaminated soil.展开更多
As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in ele- trokinetic （EK） remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists...As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in ele- trokinetic （EK） remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists as both cationic and anionic species in the soil, it is not an efficient method. This paper reports upon a study in which a process using approaching anodes （AAs） was used to enhance the removal efficiency of chromium by eletrokinetics. Two bench-scale experiments to remove chromium from contaminated soil were performed, one using a fixed anode （FA） and the other using AAs. In the AAs experiment, the anode moved toward the cathode by 7 cm every three days. After remediation, soil pH, total chromium, and fractionation of chromium in the soil were determined. The average removal efficiency of total chromium was 11.32% and 18.96% in the FA and AAs experiments, respectively. After remediation, acidic soil conditions throughout the soil were generated through the use of AAs, while 80% of the soil remained neutral or alkalic when using the FA approach. The acidic soil environment and high field intensity in the AAs experi- ment might have favored chromium desorption, dissolu- tion and dissociation from the soil, plus the mobility of chromium in the soil was also enhanced. The results demonstrate that AAs used in the process of EK remediation can enhance the efficiency of chromium removal from soil.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62173022,61673042)the Academic Excellence Foundation of Beihang University for Ph.D.Studentsthe Outstanding Research Project of Shen Yuan Honors College,Beihang University,China(No.230123104)。
文摘This article investigates the approaching control for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehi-cle(UAV)aerial recovery in the presence of pre-specified performance requirements,complex air-flows,maneuvering flight of transport aircraft,and different initial deviations.First,a novelcontrol-oriented Six-Degree-Of-Freedom(6-DOF)UAV model considering airflow disturbancesis established for better consistency with the actual UAV system.Then,to achieve satisfactory per-formance in the approaching process,a Flexible Appointed-time Prescribed Performance Control(FAPPC)algorithm,with the features of user-specified time convergence,no overshoot,indepen-dence from the initial value,and singularity-free,is proposed.Specifically,to solve the singularityissue encountered by the existing PPC methods in dealing with sudden disturbances,an adaptiveadjustment signal is introduced in FAPPC to perceive the threat of increasing error and relax thepreset boundaries appropriately.Moreover,minimum learning parameter-based neural networkestimators are developed to approximate unknown lumped disturbances at a low computationalcost.Finally,the stability of the closed system is analyzed via Lyapunov synthesis,and the effective-ness and advantages of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated via simulation andHardware-In-the-Loop(HIL)experimental validation.
文摘Desertification creeps across the landscape like a silent thief,stealing life and leaving behind a barren wasteland.This year's World Environment Day theme,‘Land Restoration,desertification and drought resilience’,is a stark reminder of the pressing need to heal the wounds we've inflicted on our planet.
文摘By establishing the concepts of fuzzy approaching set and fuzzy approaching functional mapping and making research on them, a new method for time series prediction is introduced.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11574170
文摘We demonstrate a diode pumped Yb：LuVO4 laser that can be passively Q-switched by a Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber having an initial transmission as high as 99.3%.A maximum pulsed output power of 2.35 W is generated at a repetition rate of 285.7 kHz,approaching or very near the intrinsic upper limit imposed by the recovery time of the Cr^（4＋）：YAG saturable absorber,and the resulting pulse energy,duration and peak power are,respectively,8.2μJ,39.2ns and 0.209kW.
文摘For most universities and colleges in China, literary theory is taught at the graduate level of literary studies. Most English teachers think literary theory is such a complex field with jargon-ridden disciplines and concepts that it is often considered as ＂a hot potato＂ in classroom teaching. Based on a case study from ＂Approaching Fiction＂ in China Youth University of Political Studies （CYUPS）, the present paper claims that application of literary theory in teaching literature not only greatly broadens students＇ horizon but also deepens their interpretation and understanding of literary works. With proper selection of teaching material and carefully designed teaching approaches, application of critical theory plays an increasingly important role in the undergraduate literature classroom.
文摘The year 1993 was the fifteenth of China’s reform and opening to the outside. Its economy sustained double digit growth for two years running. Last year, domestic GNP was RMB3,138 billion, a 13.4 percent increase compared with the previous year’s 13.2 percent.
基金Partially supported by Professor Xu Yuesheng and his program "One hundred distinguished Young Scientists" Partially supported by "Programme Sino-Francais de Recherches Advancees(PRA).
文摘The use of finite element method leads to replacing the initial domain by an approaching domain. Under some appropriate assumptions, we prove that there exists a W1,+∞-diffeomorphism from the original domain to the approaching domain.
文摘China’s most important traditional festival,the Spring Festival,is approaching.Unlike religious festivals in Western countries,the Spring Festival is closely related to nature.By celebrating the arrival of spring,it embodies the idea of the renewal of all manifestations and the unity of nature and humans.At the same time,it is also a festival about family reunion,fully showing how much Chinese people cherish kinship,friendship,and familial harmony.This harmony between humans and nature,humans and society,and among humans themselves is the essence of the tradition of the Spring Festival,and is also a core cultural value pursued and cherished by the Chinese nation for thousands of years.Today,China’s internal affairs and diplomatic thoughts are permeated with the values of harmonious coexistence,and the Doctrine of the Mean is still the quintessential wisdom embraced by Chinese people who seek to achieve harmonious interpersonal relations with it.
文摘There is no historical evidence of a connection between Chinese and African art, but today, artists from the two sides are making efforts to build just such a connection. On June 18, an art exhibition entitled Approaching Africa was held at Shenzhen University＇s art museum. The exhibition included more than 60 works by nine artists from Shenzhen＇s art institutes. The works were created by the artists during a tour of African countries including Benin, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2600900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52078430).
文摘This paper presents a calculation method that evaluates the extent of disturbance based on structural safety limits.Additionally,it summarizes the assessment methods for construction disturbance zones in shield tunneling near pile foundations,urban ground structures,and underground structures.Furthermore,taking the construction of the Chengdu Jinxiu Tunnel under bridges and urban pipelines as the engineering background,a study on the disturbance zoning of adjacent structures was conducted.The most intense disturbance occurs within one week of the tunnel underpass process,and it has a significant impact within a range of two times the tunnel diameter along the tunnel axis.The bridge pile and bridge deck experience less disturbance from tunnel approaching construction,with a maximum disturbance zone characterized as medium disturbance.On the other hand,underground pipelines are subjected to more significant disturbances from tunnel construction,with a maximum disturbance zone classified as strong disturbance.The implementation of“bridge pile sleeve valve pipe grouting&underground pipeline ground grouting&tunnel advance grouting”in the field effectively limits the vertical settlement of bridges and pipelines,resulting in a decrease of approximately 0.1 in disturbance level for the structures.The disturbance zoning method can assess tunnel disturbance with structures,identify high-risk interference locations,and facilitate targeted design reinforcement solutions.
文摘The first liver transplantation(LT)in humans was performed by Thomas Starzl on March 1,1963[1,2](Fig.1).During the period 1963-1983,this challenging procedure was performed in four centers only,one in the USA and three in Western Europe:Denver,Cambridge,Hannover and Groningen.Their collected experience including only 540 cases(meaning 27(!)cases yearly)was the basis of the 1983 National Institutes of Health(NIH)development consensus conference leading to the conclusion that LT could become“a promising alternative to the current therapy in the management of the late phase of several forms of serious liver disease…candidates are those who exhausted alternative medical and surgical treatments…and are approaching the terminal phase of their illness”.Patients presenting liver tumors and inherited,liver based,metabolic diseases could also be considered for LT[3].This conference put forward ten absolute and five relative contraindications restricting thereby the access to LT to a minority of very well selected liver diseased patients.
文摘The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI),recognized with Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry in 2024,has been revolutionizing countless aspects of modern life,driving innovations across diverse fields and reshaping how people interact with technology.Despite its great advances,the computing of AI systems is now approaching the limit of traditional computing based on the von Neumann architecture,which is characterized by separated memory and process units-a challenge known as the"von Neumann bottleneck".
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFE0109800 and 2024YFE0109802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12305127)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.016GJHZ2022054FN)。
文摘Numerous experimental and theoretical investigations have highlighted the power law behavior of the proton structure function F_(2)(x,Q^(2)),particularly the dependence of its power constant on various kinematic variables.In this study,we analyze the proton structure function F_(2)employing the analytical solution of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation,with a focus on the high Q^(2)regime and small x domains.Our results indicate that as Q^(2)increases,the slope parameterλ,which characterizes the growth rate of F_(2),exhibits a gradual decrease,approaching a limiting value ofλ≈0.41±0.01 for large Q^(2).We suggest that this behavior ofλmay be attributed to mechanisms such as gluon overlap and the suppression of phase space growth.To substantiate these conclusions,further high-precision electron–ion collision experiments are required,encompassing a broad range of Q^(2)and x.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(General Program),Nos.23JCYBJC01390(to RL),22JCYBJC00220(to XC),and 22JCYBJC00210(to QL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.
文摘A soil remediation method combining in situ reduction of Cr（VI） with approaching anodes electroki- netic （AAs-EK） remediation is proposed. EK experiments were conducted to compare the effect of approaching anodes （AAs） and fixed electrodes （FEs） with and without sodium bisulfite （NaHSO3） as a reducing agent. When NaHSO3 was added to the soil before EK treatment, 90.3% of the Cr（VI） was reduced to Cr（III）. EK experiments showed that the adverse effect of contrasting migration of Cr（III） and Cr（VI） species, which limits the practical application of this technique, was eliminated in the presence of the reducing agent. Furthermore, Tessier fractionation analysis indicated that the reducing agent changed the distribution of the chemical forms of Cr. The AAs-EK method was shown to acidize the soil as the anode moved toward the cathode and this acid front pushed the ＂focusing＂ region toward the cathode. After remedia- tion, the pH of the soil was between 1.8 and 5.0 in AAs-EK experiments. The total Cr removal efficiency was 64.4% （except in the ＂focusing＂ region） when the reduction reaction was combined with AAs-EK method. We conclude that AAs-EK remediation in the presence of NaHSO3 is an appropriate method for Cr-contaminated soil.
文摘As a new technology used for the cleaning of chromium-contaminated soil, worldwide interest in ele- trokinetic （EK） remediation has grown considerably in recent times. However, owing to the fact that chromium exists as both cationic and anionic species in the soil, it is not an efficient method. This paper reports upon a study in which a process using approaching anodes （AAs） was used to enhance the removal efficiency of chromium by eletrokinetics. Two bench-scale experiments to remove chromium from contaminated soil were performed, one using a fixed anode （FA） and the other using AAs. In the AAs experiment, the anode moved toward the cathode by 7 cm every three days. After remediation, soil pH, total chromium, and fractionation of chromium in the soil were determined. The average removal efficiency of total chromium was 11.32% and 18.96% in the FA and AAs experiments, respectively. After remediation, acidic soil conditions throughout the soil were generated through the use of AAs, while 80% of the soil remained neutral or alkalic when using the FA approach. The acidic soil environment and high field intensity in the AAs experi- ment might have favored chromium desorption, dissolu- tion and dissociation from the soil, plus the mobility of chromium in the soil was also enhanced. The results demonstrate that AAs used in the process of EK remediation can enhance the efficiency of chromium removal from soil.
