We investigated the possibility to reduce the usage of Blasin^Flowable （BF）, a disinfectant inhibiting the germination and appressorium formation of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara conidia, by using carbon dioxide microbu...We investigated the possibility to reduce the usage of Blasin^Flowable （BF）, a disinfectant inhibiting the germination and appressorium formation of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara conidia, by using carbon dioxide microbubbles （CO2MB）. Germination was significantly inhibited by 10 000-fold diluted BF solution containing CO2MB generated by the decompression-type generator compared to CO2 millibubbles （CO2MMB） and CO2MB generated by the gas-water circulating-type generator. Appressodum formation in the 10 000-fold diluted BF solution containing both CO2MBs was less than that in CO2MMB. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkles and dents on the surface of conidia treated with 5 000-fold diluted BF solution containing both CO2MBs. Via transmission electron microscopy, we observed the expansion of the vacuole and the intracellular space and bloated or absent lipid granules in the conidia treated with BF solution containing both CO2MBs. Our results show that inhibition of the conidium germination and appressorium formation of P. oryzae Cavara by 10 000-fold diluted BF solution could be achieved by using the decompression-type CO2MB.展开更多
The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases.Among these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature...The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases.Among these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature.Plant secondary metabolites typically exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity without selective toxicity against pathogens.However,only a small fraction of antifungal metabolites have been identified from the tens of thousands of known plant secondary metabolites.In this study,we conducted a metabolomic analysis on both blast-resistant(Digu)and-susceptible(Lijiangxintuanheigu)rice varieties to uncover novel metabolites that enhance blast resistance.We found that 24 and 48 h post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae were critical time points for metabolomic profiling,based on the infected status of M.oryzae in rice and the observed differences in shikimate accumulation between the two varieties.Following metabolomic analysis,we identified nine flavonoids that were differentially accumulated and are considered potential candidates for disease control.Among these,apigenin-7-glucoside,rhamnetin,and spireoside were found to be effective in controlling blast disease,with spireoside demonstrating the most pronounced efficacy.We discovered that spireoside controlled blast disease by inhibiting both spore germination and appressorium formation in M.oryzae,primarily through disrupting cell membrane integrity.However,spireoside did not induce rice immunity.Furthermore,spireoside was also effective in controlling sheath blight disease.Thus,spireoside shows considerable promise as a candidate for the development of a fungicide for controlling plant diseases.展开更多
Rice blast is a serious threat to the safe production of grain crops such as rice and wheat.Sporulation,appressorium formation,and invasive growth of Magnaporthe oryzae are the key stages of the development and spread...Rice blast is a serious threat to the safe production of grain crops such as rice and wheat.Sporulation,appressorium formation,and invasive growth of Magnaporthe oryzae are the key stages of the development and spread of rice blast epidemics.M.oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungus that undergoes changes in available carbon sources during the infection cycle.Lipid is a major storage for M.oryzae spores and a major carbon source used in glycerol synthesis and turgor pressure generation in appressoria.The formation of a dense cell wall melanin layer is necessary for an appressorium to produce turgor and to be pathogenic.The plant cell wall is an important carbon source during the infection stage of M.oryzae.Transcription factors regulate gene expression in fungi and are key intermediates between the reception of external environmental signals and the control of development and pathogenicity in M.oryzae.The disease cycle of M.oryzae is controlled by some key transcription factors,such as sporulation by Cos1 and Hox2,appressorium formation by Sfl1,Hox7,and Vrf1,invasive growth by Mst12 and Mig1,and resistance to host basal immunity by Ap1 and Atf1.This review focuses on describing the key transcription factors of M.oryzae that regulate sporulation,appressorium formation,invasive growth,lipid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,melanin synthesis,oxidative response,and host basal immunity,as well as the working mechanism of the transcription factors.展开更多
Rice is a staple crop feeding more than 50%of the world’s population and,its sustainable production is crucial to the global food security.However,blast disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae(ana...Rice is a staple crop feeding more than 50%of the world’s population and,its sustainable production is crucial to the global food security.However,blast disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae(anamorph:Pyricularia oryzae)threatens sustainable rice production as it can reduce grain yields over 30%in epidemic years.Therefore,deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the M.oryzae-rice interaction and the mechanism that how M.oryzae overcomes rice defense is crucial for developing new strategies to make green fungicides and disease-resistant rice varieties.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which M.oryzae perceives host surface signals and subsequently develops specific infection structure called appressoria.In addition,the review delves into the strategies that the fungus utilizes to overcome host immunity,which in turn allows it to colonize rice tissues.Finally,we propose the perspectives for dissecting the pathogenesis of the fungus and controlling rice blast disease.展开更多
文摘We investigated the possibility to reduce the usage of Blasin^Flowable （BF）, a disinfectant inhibiting the germination and appressorium formation of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara conidia, by using carbon dioxide microbubbles （CO2MB）. Germination was significantly inhibited by 10 000-fold diluted BF solution containing CO2MB generated by the decompression-type generator compared to CO2 millibubbles （CO2MMB） and CO2MB generated by the gas-water circulating-type generator. Appressodum formation in the 10 000-fold diluted BF solution containing both CO2MBs was less than that in CO2MMB. Scanning electron microscopy showed wrinkles and dents on the surface of conidia treated with 5 000-fold diluted BF solution containing both CO2MBs. Via transmission electron microscopy, we observed the expansion of the vacuole and the intracellular space and bloated or absent lipid granules in the conidia treated with BF solution containing both CO2MBs. Our results show that inhibition of the conidium germination and appressorium formation of P. oryzae Cavara by 10 000-fold diluted BF solution could be achieved by using the decompression-type CO2MB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172419,32372555,32121003,32425005,32072407,and 32272033)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1300702)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Grant Nos.2023NSFSC0005,2023NSFSC1996,2024NSFSC0322,2024YFNH0014,2022NSFSC1755,2022-NSFSC1650,2022NSFSC0156,and 2022NSFSC0166).
文摘The application of fungicides is an effective strategy for controlling plant diseases.Among these agents,plant-derived antifungal metabolites are particularly promising due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature.Plant secondary metabolites typically exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity without selective toxicity against pathogens.However,only a small fraction of antifungal metabolites have been identified from the tens of thousands of known plant secondary metabolites.In this study,we conducted a metabolomic analysis on both blast-resistant(Digu)and-susceptible(Lijiangxintuanheigu)rice varieties to uncover novel metabolites that enhance blast resistance.We found that 24 and 48 h post-inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae were critical time points for metabolomic profiling,based on the infected status of M.oryzae in rice and the observed differences in shikimate accumulation between the two varieties.Following metabolomic analysis,we identified nine flavonoids that were differentially accumulated and are considered potential candidates for disease control.Among these,apigenin-7-glucoside,rhamnetin,and spireoside were found to be effective in controlling blast disease,with spireoside demonstrating the most pronounced efficacy.We discovered that spireoside controlled blast disease by inhibiting both spore germination and appressorium formation in M.oryzae,primarily through disrupting cell membrane integrity.However,spireoside did not induce rice immunity.Furthermore,spireoside was also effective in controlling sheath blight disease.Thus,spireoside shows considerable promise as a candidate for the development of a fungicide for controlling plant diseases.
基金supported by a grant from State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products to JL(2021DG700024-KF202304)by a grant Organism Interaction from Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory to FLfunded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to JL(31371891,31671975,and 31871908).
文摘Rice blast is a serious threat to the safe production of grain crops such as rice and wheat.Sporulation,appressorium formation,and invasive growth of Magnaporthe oryzae are the key stages of the development and spread of rice blast epidemics.M.oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungus that undergoes changes in available carbon sources during the infection cycle.Lipid is a major storage for M.oryzae spores and a major carbon source used in glycerol synthesis and turgor pressure generation in appressoria.The formation of a dense cell wall melanin layer is necessary for an appressorium to produce turgor and to be pathogenic.The plant cell wall is an important carbon source during the infection stage of M.oryzae.Transcription factors regulate gene expression in fungi and are key intermediates between the reception of external environmental signals and the control of development and pathogenicity in M.oryzae.The disease cycle of M.oryzae is controlled by some key transcription factors,such as sporulation by Cos1 and Hox2,appressorium formation by Sfl1,Hox7,and Vrf1,invasive growth by Mst12 and Mig1,and resistance to host basal immunity by Ap1 and Atf1.This review focuses on describing the key transcription factors of M.oryzae that regulate sporulation,appressorium formation,invasive growth,lipid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,melanin synthesis,oxidative response,and host basal immunity,as well as the working mechanism of the transcription factors.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China(32293245,32072360)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-01-36).
文摘Rice is a staple crop feeding more than 50%of the world’s population and,its sustainable production is crucial to the global food security.However,blast disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae(anamorph:Pyricularia oryzae)threatens sustainable rice production as it can reduce grain yields over 30%in epidemic years.Therefore,deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the M.oryzae-rice interaction and the mechanism that how M.oryzae overcomes rice defense is crucial for developing new strategies to make green fungicides and disease-resistant rice varieties.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which M.oryzae perceives host surface signals and subsequently develops specific infection structure called appressoria.In addition,the review delves into the strategies that the fungus utilizes to overcome host immunity,which in turn allows it to colonize rice tissues.Finally,we propose the perspectives for dissecting the pathogenesis of the fungus and controlling rice blast disease.
