The target of the text is to scientifically appraise dynamic development of surface deformation in subsidence area and its influence on groundwork stability of natural pipe and then adopt some technological measures t...The target of the text is to scientifically appraise dynamic development of surface deformation in subsidence area and its influence on groundwork stability of natural pipe and then adopt some technological measures to ensure safe circulation of natural pipeline. Analysed the influence on natural pipeline from coal mining subsidence in the way of pipeline grade variation, vertical curve variation, transverse deformation, horizontal pull and compression deformation and pipe stress variation etc., and described detailed surface subsidence product and its used time among initial phase, active phase and decline phase in the course of surface movement deformation time. In the context of considering surface subsidence that doesn＇t reach basic latter end and residual subsidence quantity, the text confirmed the calculation method of residual deformation in surface subsidence area, and gave the technological measures about building natural gas pipeline in subsidence area finally.展开更多
As a prelude to the yearlong EU Intergovernmental Conference(IGC),theTurin summit of the EU held late March has once again evoked heated discussionson Europe’s integration among press and academic circles both at hom...As a prelude to the yearlong EU Intergovernmental Conference(IGC),theTurin summit of the EU held late March has once again evoked heated discussionson Europe’s integration among press and academic circles both at home andabroad.The idealists among them are grumbling that the pace of the integration展开更多
Linguistic-value appraisement extensively exists in artificial intelligence and social system. In the appraisement of enterprise human resource, there is a great amount of linguistic-value information. In order to imp...Linguistic-value appraisement extensively exists in artificial intelligence and social system. In the appraisement of enterprise human resource, there is a great amount of linguistic-value information. In order to improve the reasonability of the result of appraisement of enterprise human resource, we need to study the methods for processing the linguistic-value information. In this paper, a 2-stages method is proposed for processing the linguistic-value appraisement of enterprise human resource. At the first stage, we choose the experts familiar with the related field according to the appraisement goal and problem. At the second stage, we combine the appraisement results by D-S evidence theory or LOWA operator according to the nature of linguistic variable.展开更多
Scientific and technical progress has been the driving forces of enterprises development.Milk productive enterprises are developing faster and growing better.It is very important to measure the contributive ratio of s...Scientific and technical progress has been the driving forces of enterprises development.Milk productive enterprises are developing faster and growing better.It is very important to measure the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises.And the appraisement could help to develop milk productive enterprises.The model C^2GS^2 was established to appraise the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises in the research.And the appraisement on the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises was made by the model.In the results of appraisement,science and technology play a main role in milk productive enterprises.It is shown that our milk productive enterprises are developed by scientific and technical progress while not by input of productive factors.展开更多
By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signali...By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signaling mechanism and a ＂full fair value disclosure＂ is firstly carried out, highlighting variables affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness of both information strategies. Then, recovering the traditional distinction between ＂protective disclosure＂ （hard information） and ＂informative disclosure＂ （soft information）, this paper demonstrates how the former could significantly increase the positive effects associated to an employment of an independent valuer, reaching some conclusions useful to the standard setting process.展开更多
On May 5, 2008, China experienced a devastating earthquake, also known as Wenchuan earth-quake. Many buildings, whose seismic design levels were too low to endure a strong earthquake, were severely damaged or even des...On May 5, 2008, China experienced a devastating earthquake, also known as Wenchuan earth-quake. Many buildings, whose seismic design levels were too low to endure a strong earthquake, were severely damaged or even destroyed in the disaster.展开更多
A taxonomy of software reliability models is developed that the models are classified as parametric and nonparametric models, and the nonparametric models are classified according to the mathematical methods they used...A taxonomy of software reliability models is developed that the models are classified as parametric and nonparametric models, and the nonparametric models are classified according to the mathematical methods they used. Then, a practical appraising index system for nonparametric software reliability models are put forward. The nonparametric software reliability models are classified into 5 classes, that is time series analysis models, grey theo- ry forecasting models, artificial neural network models, wavelet analysis models and kernel estimation models, and they are evaluated by the practical index system.展开更多
This DC-YOLO Model was designed in order to improve the efficiency for appraising dangerous class of buildings and avoid manual intervention,thereby making the appraisal results more objective.It is an automated metho...This DC-YOLO Model was designed in order to improve the efficiency for appraising dangerous class of buildings and avoid manual intervention,thereby making the appraisal results more objective.It is an automated method designed based on deep learning and target detection algorithms to appraise the dangerous class of building masonry component.Specifically,it(1)adopted K-means clustering to obtain the quantity and size of the prior boxes;(2)expanded the grid size to improve identification to small targets;(3)introduced in deformable convolution to adapt to the irregular shape of the masonry component cracks.The experimental results show that,comparing with the conventional method,the DC-YOLO model has better recognition rates for various targets to different extents,and achieves good effects in precision,recall rate and F1 value,which indicates the good performance in classifying dangerous classes of building masonry component.展开更多
How the performance in the course of implementing the logistics network organization is,and how the benefit level is produced,are undoubtedly focuses that cooperative parties pay close attention to,and the key to the ...How the performance in the course of implementing the logistics network organization is,and how the benefit level is produced,are undoubtedly focuses that cooperative parties pay close attention to,and the key to the network organization,too.The research on the performance appraisement about the network organization is not only very necessary,but also very important.This paper describes the characteristics of the performance appraisement about the logistics network organization,and sets up the evaluation index through analyzing the principle of constituting the logistics network organization's performance index system.展开更多
The nonlinearity of hedonic datasets demands flexible automated valuation models to appraise housing prices accurately,and artificial intelligence models have been employed in mass appraisal to this end.However,they h...The nonlinearity of hedonic datasets demands flexible automated valuation models to appraise housing prices accurately,and artificial intelligence models have been employed in mass appraisal to this end.However,they have been referred to as“blackbox”models owing to difficulties associated with interpretation.In this study,we compared the results of traditional hedonic pricing models with those of machine learning algorithms,e.g.,random forest and deep neural network models.Commonly implemented measures,e.g.,Gini importance and permutation importance,provide only the magnitude of each explanatory variable’s importance,which results in ambiguous interpretability.To address this issue,we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)method and explored its effectiveness through comparisons with traditionally explainable measures in hedonic pricing models.The results demonstrated that(1)the random forest model with the SHAP method could be a reliable instrument for appraising housing prices with high accuracy and sufficient interpretability,(2)the interpretable results retrieved from the SHAP method can be consolidated by the support of statistical evidence,and(3)housing characteristics and local amenities are primary contributors in property valuation,which is consistent with the findings of previous studies.Thus,our novel methodological framework and robust findings provide informative insights into the use of machine learning methods in property valuation based on the comparative analysis.展开更多
Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conc...Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.展开更多
Objective To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on their characteristics.Methods An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature D...Objective To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on their characteristics.Methods An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),focusing on expert consensus statements and check-lists for TCM case reports.Relevant items were extracted,and a Delphi method involving 34 experts was used in two rounds to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale.Items were screened based on measures of central tendency and coordination(including total score,mean score,percentage of items rated as unimportant,and coefficient of variation).The weighted average method was used to determine item weights and construct the appraisal tool.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’sαcoefficient.The finalized tool was pilot-tested by two reviewers independently appraising 20 case reports,with an additional four reviewers evaluating 5 of these cases to compare inter-rater consistency.Results A total of 9513 articles were retrieved,and 96 items from 25 articles were extracted.After two rounds of the Delphi method,27 items across 10 domains were retained.The Cron-bach’sαcoefficient was 0.72 in the first round(acceptable range),and 0.96 in the second round,indicating strong internal consistency.The tool was piloted by six reviewers,achieving a kappa value of 0.663 and a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.845,demonstrating high consistency among reviewers.Conclusion The developed TCM case report quality appraisal tool,consisting of 27 items in 10 domains,offers a scientific and reliable means of assessing the quality of TCM case reports.The tool showed high consistency and practical utility,and its application is expected to en-hance the standardization,scientific rigor,and evidence quality of TCM case reports,facilitat-ing the integration of traditional medical knowledge with modern evidence-based standards.展开更多
Public institutions constitute a vital component of China’s public service system,playing a significant functional role in the nation’s social development and construction.Human resource(HR)management is a vital com...Public institutions constitute a vital component of China’s public service system,playing a significant functional role in the nation’s social development and construction.Human resource(HR)management is a vital component of internal administration within these institutions.The integration of performance appraisal is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of HR management and facilitating the smooth operation of all institutional functions.Based on this premise,this article first briefly outlines the value of applying performance appraisal in the HR management of public institutions.It then explores strategies for implementing performance appraisal within this context,aiming to provide insights for promoting the sustained and healthy development of public institutions.展开更多
Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the ...Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the entire ore safety production condition appraisal module, the safety management level appraisal module of main production work area, the withdrawal system module and so on. The system operates through the constitutive procedure, outputs the main operation results by graph and form, and realizes the main function of safety evaluation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and ...[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and 8 g/L during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in the research station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.With standardized indicators for measuring treatment,the response relations among different salt stress levels and winter wheat growth index were analyzed in this study.[Result] Under the condition of different salinity of irrigation,relative plant height after jointing stage,relative leaf area index,relative dry matter weight,relative ear number per unit area showed significant differences among treatments and yield showed significant correlation,which can be taken as salt-resistance examination index of wheat.[Conclusion] The results showed that the relative height after jointing stage was recommended as the most practical salt-tolerance appraisal indices,because it was easy to be observed and sensitive to salt stress.展开更多
Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Ba...Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.展开更多
文摘The target of the text is to scientifically appraise dynamic development of surface deformation in subsidence area and its influence on groundwork stability of natural pipe and then adopt some technological measures to ensure safe circulation of natural pipeline. Analysed the influence on natural pipeline from coal mining subsidence in the way of pipeline grade variation, vertical curve variation, transverse deformation, horizontal pull and compression deformation and pipe stress variation etc., and described detailed surface subsidence product and its used time among initial phase, active phase and decline phase in the course of surface movement deformation time. In the context of considering surface subsidence that doesn＇t reach basic latter end and residual subsidence quantity, the text confirmed the calculation method of residual deformation in surface subsidence area, and gave the technological measures about building natural gas pipeline in subsidence area finally.
文摘As a prelude to the yearlong EU Intergovernmental Conference(IGC),theTurin summit of the EU held late March has once again evoked heated discussionson Europe’s integration among press and academic circles both at home andabroad.The idealists among them are grumbling that the pace of the integration
基金support of National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.03CJL004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60074014).
文摘Linguistic-value appraisement extensively exists in artificial intelligence and social system. In the appraisement of enterprise human resource, there is a great amount of linguistic-value information. In order to improve the reasonability of the result of appraisement of enterprise human resource, we need to study the methods for processing the linguistic-value information. In this paper, a 2-stages method is proposed for processing the linguistic-value appraisement of enterprise human resource. At the first stage, we choose the experts familiar with the related field according to the appraisement goal and problem. At the second stage, we combine the appraisement results by D-S evidence theory or LOWA operator according to the nature of linguistic variable.
基金Supported by Fund of Post Doctoral Research in Heilongjiang Province(LSZH-04052)Fund of Scientific and Technical Research Projects(10551039)
文摘Scientific and technical progress has been the driving forces of enterprises development.Milk productive enterprises are developing faster and growing better.It is very important to measure the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises.And the appraisement could help to develop milk productive enterprises.The model C^2GS^2 was established to appraise the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises in the research.And the appraisement on the contributive ratio of scientific and technical progress in milk productive enterprises was made by the model.In the results of appraisement,science and technology play a main role in milk productive enterprises.It is shown that our milk productive enterprises are developed by scientific and technical progress while not by input of productive factors.
文摘By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signaling mechanism and a ＂full fair value disclosure＂ is firstly carried out, highlighting variables affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness of both information strategies. Then, recovering the traditional distinction between ＂protective disclosure＂ （hard information） and ＂informative disclosure＂ （soft information）, this paper demonstrates how the former could significantly increase the positive effects associated to an employment of an independent valuer, reaching some conclusions useful to the standard setting process.
文摘On May 5, 2008, China experienced a devastating earthquake, also known as Wenchuan earth-quake. Many buildings, whose seismic design levels were too low to endure a strong earthquake, were severely damaged or even destroyed in the disaster.
文摘A taxonomy of software reliability models is developed that the models are classified as parametric and nonparametric models, and the nonparametric models are classified according to the mathematical methods they used. Then, a practical appraising index system for nonparametric software reliability models are put forward. The nonparametric software reliability models are classified into 5 classes, that is time series analysis models, grey theo- ry forecasting models, artificial neural network models, wavelet analysis models and kernel estimation models, and they are evaluated by the practical index system.
基金The work is supported by National key research and development plan of China(2016YFC0801408)the Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong University of Science and Technology(SDKDYC180344).
文摘This DC-YOLO Model was designed in order to improve the efficiency for appraising dangerous class of buildings and avoid manual intervention,thereby making the appraisal results more objective.It is an automated method designed based on deep learning and target detection algorithms to appraise the dangerous class of building masonry component.Specifically,it(1)adopted K-means clustering to obtain the quantity and size of the prior boxes;(2)expanded the grid size to improve identification to small targets;(3)introduced in deformable convolution to adapt to the irregular shape of the masonry component cracks.The experimental results show that,comparing with the conventional method,the DC-YOLO model has better recognition rates for various targets to different extents,and achieves good effects in precision,recall rate and F1 value,which indicates the good performance in classifying dangerous classes of building masonry component.
文摘How the performance in the course of implementing the logistics network organization is,and how the benefit level is produced,are undoubtedly focuses that cooperative parties pay close attention to,and the key to the network organization,too.The research on the performance appraisement about the network organization is not only very necessary,but also very important.This paper describes the characteristics of the performance appraisement about the logistics network organization,and sets up the evaluation index through analyzing the principle of constituting the logistics network organization's performance index system.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-16067531:Kwangwon Ahn)Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund(0f 2025:Sihyun An).
文摘The nonlinearity of hedonic datasets demands flexible automated valuation models to appraise housing prices accurately,and artificial intelligence models have been employed in mass appraisal to this end.However,they have been referred to as“blackbox”models owing to difficulties associated with interpretation.In this study,we compared the results of traditional hedonic pricing models with those of machine learning algorithms,e.g.,random forest and deep neural network models.Commonly implemented measures,e.g.,Gini importance and permutation importance,provide only the magnitude of each explanatory variable’s importance,which results in ambiguous interpretability.To address this issue,we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)method and explored its effectiveness through comparisons with traditionally explainable measures in hedonic pricing models.The results demonstrated that(1)the random forest model with the SHAP method could be a reliable instrument for appraising housing prices with high accuracy and sufficient interpretability,(2)the interpretable results retrieved from the SHAP method can be consolidated by the support of statistical evidence,and(3)housing characteristics and local amenities are primary contributors in property valuation,which is consistent with the findings of previous studies.Thus,our novel methodological framework and robust findings provide informative insights into the use of machine learning methods in property valuation based on the comparative analysis.
文摘Objective:Through retrospective analysis of a case of occupational noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)diagnosis and two-grade appraisal,this study explores the causes of inconsistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions,aiming to improve occupational health management.Methods:Data including occupational history,workplace noise exposure levels,pure-tone audiometry(PTA),and objective audiological tests were collected and analyzed.Results:Both municipal and provincial appraisals contradicted the initial diagnostic conclusion of“moderate occupational NIHL”.Conclusion:The diagnosis of occupational NIHL requires multidisciplinary expertise and is influenced by subjective factors.Appraisal institutions should adopt evidence-based approaches,integrate objective tests with PTA results,and comprehensively evaluate occupational exposure history to ensure scientific and impartial conclusions.
基金General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82274412)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2020JJ4062)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2020RC2061)。
文摘Objective To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)based on their characteristics.Methods An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and China Science and Technology Journal Database(CSTJ),focusing on expert consensus statements and check-lists for TCM case reports.Relevant items were extracted,and a Delphi method involving 34 experts was used in two rounds to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale.Items were screened based on measures of central tendency and coordination(including total score,mean score,percentage of items rated as unimportant,and coefficient of variation).The weighted average method was used to determine item weights and construct the appraisal tool.Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’sαcoefficient.The finalized tool was pilot-tested by two reviewers independently appraising 20 case reports,with an additional four reviewers evaluating 5 of these cases to compare inter-rater consistency.Results A total of 9513 articles were retrieved,and 96 items from 25 articles were extracted.After two rounds of the Delphi method,27 items across 10 domains were retained.The Cron-bach’sαcoefficient was 0.72 in the first round(acceptable range),and 0.96 in the second round,indicating strong internal consistency.The tool was piloted by six reviewers,achieving a kappa value of 0.663 and a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.845,demonstrating high consistency among reviewers.Conclusion The developed TCM case report quality appraisal tool,consisting of 27 items in 10 domains,offers a scientific and reliable means of assessing the quality of TCM case reports.The tool showed high consistency and practical utility,and its application is expected to en-hance the standardization,scientific rigor,and evidence quality of TCM case reports,facilitat-ing the integration of traditional medical knowledge with modern evidence-based standards.
文摘Public institutions constitute a vital component of China’s public service system,playing a significant functional role in the nation’s social development and construction.Human resource(HR)management is a vital component of internal administration within these institutions.The integration of performance appraisal is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of HR management and facilitating the smooth operation of all institutional functions.Based on this premise,this article first briefly outlines the value of applying performance appraisal in the HR management of public institutions.It then explores strategies for implementing performance appraisal within this context,aiming to provide insights for promoting the sustained and healthy development of public institutions.
文摘Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the entire ore safety production condition appraisal module, the safety management level appraisal module of main production work area, the withdrawal system module and so on. The system operates through the constitutive procedure, outputs the main operation results by graph and form, and realizes the main function of safety evaluation.
基金Bohai Granary Technology Demonstration Project (2013BAD05B0203)Medium and Low-yield Farmland Improvement Science and Technology Project (2012BAD05B0205)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and 8 g/L during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in the research station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.With standardized indicators for measuring treatment,the response relations among different salt stress levels and winter wheat growth index were analyzed in this study.[Result] Under the condition of different salinity of irrigation,relative plant height after jointing stage,relative leaf area index,relative dry matter weight,relative ear number per unit area showed significant differences among treatments and yield showed significant correlation,which can be taken as salt-resistance examination index of wheat.[Conclusion] The results showed that the relative height after jointing stage was recommended as the most practical salt-tolerance appraisal indices,because it was easy to be observed and sensitive to salt stress.
文摘Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.
