Penicillium italicum is the causal agent of citrus blue mold,which is a major threat to the global citrus fruit industry.Antofine,a natural phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid,is water-soluble and exhibits a broad range o...Penicillium italicum is the causal agent of citrus blue mold,which is a major threat to the global citrus fruit industry.Antofine,a natural phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid,is water-soluble and exhibits a broad range of biological activities.However,whether it can inhibit P italicum growth and the potential inhibitory mechanism remains to be elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal mechanism of antofine against P italicum using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),propidium iodide staining,and tandem mass tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis.Antofine was found to exhibit its preeminent antifungal activity against P italicum with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.56 mg/L and a minimum fungicidal concentration of 6.25 mg/L.The challenge test revealed that antofine inhibited the development of citrus blue mold during a 6-d P italicum-infected period.Antofine acted on its potential multitargets to inhibit P italicum growth by synergistically activating oxidative stress through accumulating excess reactive oxygen species,impairing membrane integrity.inducing membrane lipid peroxidation,and disrupting mitochondrial function,thereby disrupting the membrane system and reducing cell via-bility.Moreover,antofine treatment downregulated most differentially expressed proteins involved in carbon metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,and the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)in P italicum mycelia,which may explain the mitochondrial decomposition observed by TEM and the de-clines in ATP levels as well as the activities of TCA-related enzymes.These results indicate that antofine treatment inhibited P italicum growth by targeting the cell membrane and mitochondria.展开更多
Cynanchum atratum Bunge(C.atratum)and Cynanchum versicolor Bunge(C.versicolor)are two related species that have been used as“Baiwei”(Cynanchi Atrati Radix Et Rhizoma)in traditional medicine in China and other Asian ...Cynanchum atratum Bunge(C.atratum)and Cynanchum versicolor Bunge(C.versicolor)are two related species that have been used as“Baiwei”(Cynanchi Atrati Radix Et Rhizoma)in traditional medicine in China and other Asian countries for a long time.However,to date,no comprehensive review of C.atratum and C.versicolor has been published.This review provides a comprehensive summary on the botany,phytochemistry,traditional uses and pharmacology of Baiwei;The authors focus especially on the revision of errors in previous articles and reviews,updating information and providing a comparison of C.atratum and C.versicolor.Furthermore,current research reveals significant disparities in the chemical composition and pharmacological effects between C.atratum and C.versicolor.Up to November 2023,178 compounds have been isolated from C.atratum and C.versicolor,including C_(21)steroids,acetophenones,alkaloids and volatile oils.These compounds and extracts have been proven to exhibit significant pharmacological activities,including anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-fungal,memoryenhancing and anti-pyretic action,immune modulatory effects,reducing blood lipid,inhibition of melanin production,and anti-parasitic effects.Therefore,this review presents new insights into these two herbs used as“Baiwei”and further study is warranted to enhance their clinical application.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32002104 and 32060703)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20212BAB205011).
文摘Penicillium italicum is the causal agent of citrus blue mold,which is a major threat to the global citrus fruit industry.Antofine,a natural phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid,is water-soluble and exhibits a broad range of biological activities.However,whether it can inhibit P italicum growth and the potential inhibitory mechanism remains to be elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the antifungal mechanism of antofine against P italicum using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),propidium iodide staining,and tandem mass tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis.Antofine was found to exhibit its preeminent antifungal activity against P italicum with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.56 mg/L and a minimum fungicidal concentration of 6.25 mg/L.The challenge test revealed that antofine inhibited the development of citrus blue mold during a 6-d P italicum-infected period.Antofine acted on its potential multitargets to inhibit P italicum growth by synergistically activating oxidative stress through accumulating excess reactive oxygen species,impairing membrane integrity.inducing membrane lipid peroxidation,and disrupting mitochondrial function,thereby disrupting the membrane system and reducing cell via-bility.Moreover,antofine treatment downregulated most differentially expressed proteins involved in carbon metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,and the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)in P italicum mycelia,which may explain the mitochondrial decomposition observed by TEM and the de-clines in ATP levels as well as the activities of TCA-related enzymes.These results indicate that antofine treatment inhibited P italicum growth by targeting the cell membrane and mitochondria.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.81573585)the Innovative Practice of Undergraduate Project of Naval Medical University(No.FH2021104)。
文摘Cynanchum atratum Bunge(C.atratum)and Cynanchum versicolor Bunge(C.versicolor)are two related species that have been used as“Baiwei”(Cynanchi Atrati Radix Et Rhizoma)in traditional medicine in China and other Asian countries for a long time.However,to date,no comprehensive review of C.atratum and C.versicolor has been published.This review provides a comprehensive summary on the botany,phytochemistry,traditional uses and pharmacology of Baiwei;The authors focus especially on the revision of errors in previous articles and reviews,updating information and providing a comparison of C.atratum and C.versicolor.Furthermore,current research reveals significant disparities in the chemical composition and pharmacological effects between C.atratum and C.versicolor.Up to November 2023,178 compounds have been isolated from C.atratum and C.versicolor,including C_(21)steroids,acetophenones,alkaloids and volatile oils.These compounds and extracts have been proven to exhibit significant pharmacological activities,including anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-fungal,memoryenhancing and anti-pyretic action,immune modulatory effects,reducing blood lipid,inhibition of melanin production,and anti-parasitic effects.Therefore,this review presents new insights into these two herbs used as“Baiwei”and further study is warranted to enhance their clinical application.
