Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,an...Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,antidiarrheal,to treat menstrual cramps,and as an aphrodisiac.Zingerone[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]is the major bioactive ingredient present in ginger.Zingerone has shown a wide-range of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo studies.While zingerone is present in small amount in fresh ginger,but its level is increased during drying or heating during cooking.The amount of zingerone increases significantly due to the conversion of gingerol into zingerone through retro-aldol reaction.Owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,zingerone has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to assist in curing a wide array of non-communicable diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disorders,neurological abnormalities,osteoarthritic,and certain cancer types.For this review,extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and other search engines.The major aims of our review are to describe the chemical characteristics of zingerone as well as the various in vitro and in vivo studies reported regarding the pharmacological effects of zingerone and the mechanism of action observed at the cellular and molecular levels.The results of published preclinical and few clinical studies suggest that zingerone has several promising therapeutic applications due to its strong antioxidant,antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities without any serious side effects.However,well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled,and multi-center clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic doses,and longterm safety of zingerone.展开更多
Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding ...Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.展开更多
Objectives:Oxidative stress(OS)plays a pivotal role in chronic and neurodegenerative diseases,which has sparked interest in molecules that modulate redox-regulating enzymes.Melatonin and its metabolites exhibit antiox...Objectives:Oxidative stress(OS)plays a pivotal role in chronic and neurodegenerative diseases,which has sparked interest in molecules that modulate redox-regulating enzymes.Melatonin and its metabolites exhibit antioxidant properties;however,their molecular mechanisms of enzymatic and transcriptional modulation remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate,through an exploratory in silico approach,the interactions of melatonin and related compounds with OS-related enzymes to generate hypotheses about their role in cellular redox control.Methods:A rational selection of antioxidant,pro-oxidant,and transcriptional targets was performed.Ligands were optimized at the DFT level(M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p))and docked to OS related enzymes.Docking results were analyzed using polygenic antioxidant indices(PAOX)and a similarity interaction index(SSI).Molecular dynamics simulations of selected complexes provided additional insight into potential ligand-protein interaction mechanisms.Results:In silico analyses revealed that N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AMK),N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AFMK),and 3-hydroxymelatonin(3OH-M)could partially inhibit pro-oxidant enzymes such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX5).The N-(2-(2-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide(IIcD)and N-(2-(6-hydroxy-7-mercapto-5-methoxy-1H-indol)ethyl)acetamide(dM38)derivatives could potentially stabilize superoxide dismutase(SOD1)and catalase(CAT)enzymes,respectively.Finally,AFMK and dM38 showed consistent interactions with transcriptional regulators,particularly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1).Conclusion:These studies about melatonin-related compounds support a multifactorial profile of redox modulation and provide mechanistic hypotheses for future experimental validation.Among these approaches,the interaction-similarity index is introduced as a novel tool to facilitate the identification of promising redox-active candidates.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial,antioxidant,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions(n-butanol,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,and wat...[Objectives]To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial,antioxidant,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions(n-butanol,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,and water)of Pilea peltata Hance,so as to provide a reference for its further development and research.[Methods]The antibacterial activity of P.peltata was evaluated in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of its ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions against seven test bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method.The in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays,with vitamin C(Vit C)as the positive control and the half maximal scavenging concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.The in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity was assessed by measuring the peak area of p-nitrophenol(PNP),the hydrolysis product of 4-nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG),via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),using the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.[Results]Both the ethanol total extract and the four different polarity fractions of P.peltata exhibited significant in vitro anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae activity.The DPPH radical scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and the various fractions were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethanol total extract>ethyl acetate fraction>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.For hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,the efficacy order of P.peltata fractions was:n-butanol extract>ethyl acetate extract>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether extract>aqueous extract.Notably,the n-butanol fraction(IC 50=0.068±0.001)demonstrated stronger activity than VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The activity of the ethyl acetate fraction(IC 50=0.096±0.004)was comparable to that of VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The superoxide anion scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and different polarity fractions from P.peltata were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethyl acetate fraction>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.The ethanol total extract and aqueous fraction of Pilea peltata showed no significant in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity.Compared with the acarbose group,the IC 50 values of the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction both showed highly significant differences(P<0.01).[Conclusions]This study provides an experimental basis for the pharmacodynamic study and active component study of P.peltata.展开更多
Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive com...Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.展开更多
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammat...Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,which have a range of serious adverse effects.As an alternative,naturally derived molecules such as quercetin and its derivatives show promising anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects on various physiological functions.Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models,in the face of neuroinflammatory insults induced by lipopolysaccharide,through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A search of the preclinical literature was conducted across four databases(Pub Med,Web of Science,Scielo,and Google Scholar).Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed for methodological quality using CAMARADES,and risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool,and data were extracted from the studies.The quantitative assessment of quercetin effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microgliosis was performed through a meta-analysis.A total of 384 potentially relevant articles were identified,of which 11 studies were included in the analysis.The methodological quality was assessed,resulting in an average score of 5.8/10,and the overall risk of bias analysis revealed a lack of methodological clarity in most studies.Furthermore,through the meta-analysis,it was observed that treatment with quercetin statistically reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β(n=89;SMD=–2.00;95%CI:–3.29 to–0.71),and microgliosis(n=33;SMD=–2.56;95%CI:–4.07 to–1.10).In terms of underlying mechanisms,quercetin and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,possibly through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/HO-1 pathways,increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive species,and modulating the caspase pathway,increasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing proapoptotic proteins.Quercetin and its derivatives exhibit highly pleiotropic actions that simultaneously contribute to preventing neuroinflammation.However,despite promising results in animal models,future directions should focus on well-designed clinical studies to assess the safety,bioavailability,and efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives in humans.Additionally,standardization of methods and dosages in studies is crucial to ensure consistency of findings and optimize their application in clinical settings.展开更多
[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were i...[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were inoculated onto tissue-cultured seedlings and cultivated for 20 d under greenhouse conditions.Growth traits,reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicators,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test.[Results]Bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance.Treatment H2 increased plant height by 27%,chlorophyll content by 73%,and fresh weight by 31%.Levels of ROS(O^(-)_(2),H_(2)O_(2))and MDA decreased markedly,whereas the activities of POD and CAT increased.Additionally,the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin increased by up to 67%and 64%,respectively,with both H2 and L1 treatments showing the most pronounced effects.[Conclusions]Endophytic bacteria markedly improve growth,redox balance,and phenolic accumulation in E.prenanthoidea.Strain H2 represents a promising bioinoculant for improving the medicinal quality of this species.展开更多
Objective:To test antioxidant property of the endophytic Trichoderma species isolated from the leaves of 12 mangroves of Andaman Nicobar Islands.Methods:Eight strains of Trichoderma species were found predominant and ...Objective:To test antioxidant property of the endophytic Trichoderma species isolated from the leaves of 12 mangroves of Andaman Nicobar Islands.Methods:Eight strains of Trichoderma species were found predominant and their crude extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity by using seven assays.Results:Total antioxidant activity varied with the strains and it was maximum in Trichoderma EMFCAS8 and other strains also showed considerable activity.Conclusions:This work concluded that mangroves are rich in endophytic Trichoderma species with potential for antioxidant activity.展开更多
Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a s...Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.展开更多
Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships w...Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.展开更多
The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]T...The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.展开更多
Selenium is an essential trace element for human beings and it plays a significant role for the health of human nervous system.The strong antioxidant effect of selenium endows the element with the ability to treat var...Selenium is an essential trace element for human beings and it plays a significant role for the health of human nervous system.The strong antioxidant effect of selenium endows the element with the ability to treat various diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD).In the body,selenium exists in the forms of selenoproteins,which could treat AD through various pathways,such as inhibiting peroxidation,inhibiting apoptosis signal pathway,reducing the levels of Aβin neurons and alleviating Tau protein caused by pathological damage.This article aims to comprehensively elaborate on the relationship between selenium and AD.展开更多
Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals and healthcare systems.Annually,approximately 14 million people experience stroke,wit...Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals and healthcare systems.Annually,approximately 14 million people experience stroke,with ischemic stroke comprising nearly 85%of cases,of which 10%to 20%involve large vessel occlusions.Currently,recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)remains the only approved pharmacological intervention.However,its utility is limited due to a narrow therapeutic window and low recanalization rates,making it applicable to only a minority of patients.Therefore,there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies,including pharmacological advancements and combinatory treatments.Small-molecule natural medicines,particularly those derived from traditional Chinese herbs,have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke management.These compounds exert multiple neuroprotective effects,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory action,and inhibition of apoptosis,all of which are critical in mitigating stroke-induced cerebral damage.This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and highlights the recent progress in the development of small-molecule natural medicines as promising therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemic stroke.展开更多
The tea plant cultivar‘Zhonghuang 2'(ZH2)possesses albino-induced yellow leaves that contain low levels of catechins but high contents of amino acids.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the yellow leaf phe...The tea plant cultivar‘Zhonghuang 2'(ZH2)possesses albino-induced yellow leaves that contain low levels of catechins but high contents of amino acids.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the yellow leaf phenotype of ZH2 has not been elucidated clearly.In the current research,the yellow shoots(ZH2-Y)and naturally converted green shoots(ZH2-G)of ZH2 were studied using metabolic and proteomic profiling for a better understanding of the mechanism underlying phenotype formation.In total,107 differentially changed metabolites(DCMs)were identified from the GC-MS-based metabolomics,and 189 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs)were identified from the tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics.Subsequently,integrated analysis revealed that‘porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism',‘carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms',and‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis'pathways were commonly enriched for DAPs and DCMs.We further found that the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis,the deficiency of photosynthetic proteins and the imbalance of the ROS-scavenging system were the crucial reasons responsible for the chlorosis,chloroplast abnormality and photooxidative damage of ZH2 leaves.Altogether,our research combines metabolomics and proteomics approaches to uncover the molecular mechanism leading to the yellow leaf phenotype of tea plants.展开更多
Thirteen novel diterpenoids,comprising seven tiglianes(walliglianes G−M,1−7),four rhamnofolanes(wallinofolanes A−D,8−11),and two daphnanes(wallaphnanes A and B,12 and 13),together with two known rhamnofolane diterpeno...Thirteen novel diterpenoids,comprising seven tiglianes(walliglianes G−M,1−7),four rhamnofolanes(wallinofolanes A−D,8−11),and two daphnanes(wallaphnanes A and B,12 and 13),together with two known rhamnofolane diterpenoids(euphorwallside H and euphorwallside I,14 and 15),were isolated and characterized from Euphorbia wallichii(E.wallichii).The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),mass spectrometry(MS),and quantum chemical calculations.Compounds 9 and 11 demonstrated protective effects against H2O2-induced BV-2 microglial cell damage.Molecular docking analyses indicated that compound 9 exhibited binding affinity to the anti-oxidant-related targets HMGCR,GSTP1,and SHBG.展开更多
A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairme...Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairments is essential for the long-term production of sweetpotatoes.Melatonin has been recognised for its capacity to assist plants in dealing with abiotic stress conditions.This research aimed to investigate how different doses of exogenous melatonin influence heat damage in sweetpotato plants.Heat stress drastically affected shoot and root fresh weight by 31.8 and 44.5%,respectively.This reduction resulted in oxidative stress characterised by increased formation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by 804.4%,superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-))by 211.5%and malondialdehyde(MDA)by 234.2%.Heat stress also reduced chlorophyll concentration,photosystemⅡefficiency(F_v/F_m)by 15.3%and gaseous exchange.However,pre-treatment with 100μmol L^(-1)melatonin increased growth and reduced oxidative damage to sweetpotato plants under heat stress.In particular,melatonin decreased H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(·-)and MDA by 64.8%,42.7%and 38.2%,respectively.Melatonin also mitigated the decline in chlorophyll levels and improved stomatal traits,gaseous exchange and F_(v)/F_(m)(13%).Results suggested that the favorable outcomes of melatonin treatment can be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmo-protectants.Overall,these findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can improve heat stress tolerance in sweetpotatoes.This stu dy will assist re searchers in further investigating how melatonin makes sweetpotatoes more resistant to heat stress.展开更多
Ferroptosis,a type of programmed cell death,represents a distinct paradigm in cell biology.It is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species,which induce lipid peroxidation(LPO),and is ...Ferroptosis,a type of programmed cell death,represents a distinct paradigm in cell biology.It is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species,which induce lipid peroxidation(LPO),and is orchestrated by the interplay between iron,lipid peroxides,and glutathione.In this review,we emphasize the frequently overlooked role of iron in LPO beyond the classical iron-driven Fenton reaction in several crucial processes that regulate cellular iron homeostasis,including iron intake and export as well as ferritinophagy,and the emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum-resident flavoprotein oxidoreductases,especially P450 oxidoreductases,in modulating LPO.We summarize how various types of fatty acids(FAs),including saturated,monounsaturated,and polyunsaturated FAs,differentially influence ferroptosis when incorporated into phospholipids.Furthermore,we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting LPO to mitigate ferroptosis and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of endogenous lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidants that confer resistance to ferroptosis,shedding light on therapeutic avenues for ferroptosis-associated diseases.展开更多
Background Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets.Ferulic acid(FA)works as an antioxidant,however,the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxida...Background Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets.Ferulic acid(FA)works as an antioxidant,however,the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets are less known.This study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on growth performance and antioxi-dant capacity in piglets with diquat challenge.Methods Thirty-two healthy DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)piglets(13.24±0.19 kg)were randomly divided into one of two diets including 0 or 4 g/kg FA for 14 d.On d 15,all pigs were intraperitoneally injected diquat or sterile saline.Results Dietary supplementation with ferulic acid(FA)significantly improved the average daily gain(ADG)and decreased feed-gain ratio(F/G)of piglets.Here,dietary FA supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities in diquat challenged piglets.Furthermore,diquat infusion increased reactive oxygen radicals(ROS)level in liver,decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and increased malondialdehyde(MDA)con-tent in the liver and serum.Supplementation with FA significantly increased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and decreased MDA and ROS levels.FA down-regulated gene and protein expression of Keap1,and up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver of piglets with diquat challenge.Importantly,diquat challenge increased the ratio of late apoptosis,increased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and up-regulated pyroptosis-related genes in the liver.FA supplementation reduced the ratio of late apoptosis and down-regulated mRNA expression of Caspase-1.Accordingly,FA addition reduced concentration of IL-1β,IL-18,and LDH under diquat challenge.Conclusions Diquat-induced oxidative stress reduced growth performance and impaired liver function in piglets.Dietary FA supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the degree of hepatocyte pyroptosis,thereby alleviating the oxidative damage in the liver and mitigating the impact of diquat on growth performance of piglets.展开更多
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples w...Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.展开更多
文摘Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,antidiarrheal,to treat menstrual cramps,and as an aphrodisiac.Zingerone[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]is the major bioactive ingredient present in ginger.Zingerone has shown a wide-range of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo studies.While zingerone is present in small amount in fresh ginger,but its level is increased during drying or heating during cooking.The amount of zingerone increases significantly due to the conversion of gingerol into zingerone through retro-aldol reaction.Owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,zingerone has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to assist in curing a wide array of non-communicable diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disorders,neurological abnormalities,osteoarthritic,and certain cancer types.For this review,extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and other search engines.The major aims of our review are to describe the chemical characteristics of zingerone as well as the various in vitro and in vivo studies reported regarding the pharmacological effects of zingerone and the mechanism of action observed at the cellular and molecular levels.The results of published preclinical and few clinical studies suggest that zingerone has several promising therapeutic applications due to its strong antioxidant,antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities without any serious side effects.However,well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled,and multi-center clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic doses,and longterm safety of zingerone.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2301300)the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01).
文摘Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.
基金supported by the SECIHTI project Ciencia Basica y de Frontera(No.CBF2023-2024-1141)https://secihti.mx/(accessed on 01 August 2025).
文摘Objectives:Oxidative stress(OS)plays a pivotal role in chronic and neurodegenerative diseases,which has sparked interest in molecules that modulate redox-regulating enzymes.Melatonin and its metabolites exhibit antioxidant properties;however,their molecular mechanisms of enzymatic and transcriptional modulation remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate,through an exploratory in silico approach,the interactions of melatonin and related compounds with OS-related enzymes to generate hypotheses about their role in cellular redox control.Methods:A rational selection of antioxidant,pro-oxidant,and transcriptional targets was performed.Ligands were optimized at the DFT level(M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p))and docked to OS related enzymes.Docking results were analyzed using polygenic antioxidant indices(PAOX)and a similarity interaction index(SSI).Molecular dynamics simulations of selected complexes provided additional insight into potential ligand-protein interaction mechanisms.Results:In silico analyses revealed that N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AMK),N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AFMK),and 3-hydroxymelatonin(3OH-M)could partially inhibit pro-oxidant enzymes such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX5).The N-(2-(2-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide(IIcD)and N-(2-(6-hydroxy-7-mercapto-5-methoxy-1H-indol)ethyl)acetamide(dM38)derivatives could potentially stabilize superoxide dismutase(SOD1)and catalase(CAT)enzymes,respectively.Finally,AFMK and dM38 showed consistent interactions with transcriptional regulators,particularly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1).Conclusion:These studies about melatonin-related compounds support a multifactorial profile of redox modulation and provide mechanistic hypotheses for future experimental validation.Among these approaches,the interaction-similarity index is introduced as a novel tool to facilitate the identification of promising redox-active candidates.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GXZYA20220105).
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial,antioxidant,andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions(n-butanol,ethyl acetate,petroleum ether,and water)of Pilea peltata Hance,so as to provide a reference for its further development and research.[Methods]The antibacterial activity of P.peltata was evaluated in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of its ethanol total extract and four different polarity fractions against seven test bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method.The in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays,with vitamin C(Vit C)as the positive control and the half maximal scavenging concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.The in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity was assessed by measuring the peak area of p-nitrophenol(PNP),the hydrolysis product of 4-nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG),via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),using the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC 50)as the evaluation indicator.[Results]Both the ethanol total extract and the four different polarity fractions of P.peltata exhibited significant in vitro anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae activity.The DPPH radical scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and the various fractions were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethanol total extract>ethyl acetate fraction>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.For hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,the efficacy order of P.peltata fractions was:n-butanol extract>ethyl acetate extract>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether extract>aqueous extract.Notably,the n-butanol fraction(IC 50=0.068±0.001)demonstrated stronger activity than VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The activity of the ethyl acetate fraction(IC 50=0.096±0.004)was comparable to that of VitC(IC 50=0.097±0.001).The superoxide anion scavenging capacities of the ethanol total extract and different polarity fractions from P.peltata were all weaker than that of VitC,with the order of efficacy being:n-butanol fraction>ethyl acetate fraction>ethanol total extract>petroleum ether fraction>aqueous fraction.The ethanol total extract and aqueous fraction of Pilea peltata showed no significant in vitroα-glucosidase inhibitory activity.Compared with the acarbose group,the IC 50 values of the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction both showed highly significant differences(P<0.01).[Conclusions]This study provides an experimental basis for the pharmacodynamic study and active component study of P.peltata.
文摘Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.
基金supported by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)[Finance Code 001](to MGS)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq)fellowship[research grants 309840/2022-8]。
文摘Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system associated with various neurological conditions.The inflammatory process is typically treated with non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,which have a range of serious adverse effects.As an alternative,naturally derived molecules such as quercetin and its derivatives show promising anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects on various physiological functions.Our objective was to synthesize the evidence on the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and its derivatives in in vivo models,in the face of neuroinflammatory insults induced by lipopolysaccharide,through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A search of the preclinical literature was conducted across four databases(Pub Med,Web of Science,Scielo,and Google Scholar).Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed for methodological quality using CAMARADES,and risk of bias using the SYRCLE tool,and data were extracted from the studies.The quantitative assessment of quercetin effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microgliosis was performed through a meta-analysis.A total of 384 potentially relevant articles were identified,of which 11 studies were included in the analysis.The methodological quality was assessed,resulting in an average score of 5.8/10,and the overall risk of bias analysis revealed a lack of methodological clarity in most studies.Furthermore,through the meta-analysis,it was observed that treatment with quercetin statistically reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin 6,interleukin 1β(n=89;SMD=–2.00;95%CI:–3.29 to–0.71),and microgliosis(n=33;SMD=–2.56;95%CI:–4.07 to–1.10).In terms of underlying mechanisms,quercetin and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties,possibly through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/HO-1 pathways,increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive species,and modulating the caspase pathway,increasing levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreasing proapoptotic proteins.Quercetin and its derivatives exhibit highly pleiotropic actions that simultaneously contribute to preventing neuroinflammation.However,despite promising results in animal models,future directions should focus on well-designed clinical studies to assess the safety,bioavailability,and efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives in humans.Additionally,standardization of methods and dosages in studies is crucial to ensure consistency of findings and optimize their application in clinical settings.
文摘[Objectives]To assess the effects of endophytic bacteria on the growth,antioxidant responses,and the production of key secondary metabolites in Emilia prenanthoidea DC.[Methods]Three endophytic strains(H1,H2,L1)were inoculated onto tissue-cultured seedlings and cultivated for 20 d under greenhouse conditions.Growth traits,reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicators,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey s test.[Results]Bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced plant performance.Treatment H2 increased plant height by 27%,chlorophyll content by 73%,and fresh weight by 31%.Levels of ROS(O^(-)_(2),H_(2)O_(2))and MDA decreased markedly,whereas the activities of POD and CAT increased.Additionally,the content of chlorogenic acid and quercetin increased by up to 67%and 64%,respectively,with both H2 and L1 treatments showing the most pronounced effects.[Conclusions]Endophytic bacteria markedly improve growth,redox balance,and phenolic accumulation in E.prenanthoidea.Strain H2 represents a promising bioinoculant for improving the medicinal quality of this species.
文摘Objective:To test antioxidant property of the endophytic Trichoderma species isolated from the leaves of 12 mangroves of Andaman Nicobar Islands.Methods:Eight strains of Trichoderma species were found predominant and their crude extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity by using seven assays.Results:Total antioxidant activity varied with the strains and it was maximum in Trichoderma EMFCAS8 and other strains also showed considerable activity.Conclusions:This work concluded that mangroves are rich in endophytic Trichoderma species with potential for antioxidant activity.
基金supported by the Key Research Projects of Universities of Henan Province,No.21A320064 (to XS)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFA1201504 (to LZ)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science,No.XDB36000000 (to CW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31971295,12374406 (both to LZ)。
文摘Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.
文摘Fatty acids are the main constituents of vegetable oils.To determine the fatty acid compositions of small trade vegetable oils and some less well studied beneficial vegetable oils,and investigate their relationships with antioxidant activity and oxidative stability,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the associated fatty acid profiles.The antioxidant activity of vegetable oils,based on their DPPH-scavenging capacity(expressed as IC_(50) values),was used to assess their impact on human health,and their oxidative stability was characterized by performing lipid oxidation analysis to determine the oxidative induction time of fats and oils.In addition,correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the fatty acid composition of the oils and DPPH-scavenging capacity and oxidative stability.The results revealed that among the assessed oils,coffee seed oil has the highest saturated fatty acid content(355.10 mg/g),whereas Garddenia jaminoides oil has the highest unsaturated fatty acid content(844.84 mg/g).Coffee seed oil was also found have the lowest DPPH IC_(50) value(2.30 mg/mL)and the longest oxidation induction time(17.09 h).Correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship(P<0.05)between oxidative stability and unsaturated fatty acid content,with lower contents tending to be associated with better oxidative stability.The findings of this study provide reference data for the screening of functional edible vegetable oils.
文摘The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.
基金the Yangzhou City and Yangzhou University Cooperation Program(No.YZ2023209)the Sele Valley Scholars Basic Research Project(No.2301)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)for support。
文摘Selenium is an essential trace element for human beings and it plays a significant role for the health of human nervous system.The strong antioxidant effect of selenium endows the element with the ability to treat various diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD).In the body,selenium exists in the forms of selenoproteins,which could treat AD through various pathways,such as inhibiting peroxidation,inhibiting apoptosis signal pathway,reducing the levels of Aβin neurons and alleviating Tau protein caused by pathological damage.This article aims to comprehensively elaborate on the relationship between selenium and AD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82174010 and 81973512)。
文摘Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on individuals and healthcare systems.Annually,approximately 14 million people experience stroke,with ischemic stroke comprising nearly 85%of cases,of which 10%to 20%involve large vessel occlusions.Currently,recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)remains the only approved pharmacological intervention.However,its utility is limited due to a narrow therapeutic window and low recanalization rates,making it applicable to only a minority of patients.Therefore,there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies,including pharmacological advancements and combinatory treatments.Small-molecule natural medicines,particularly those derived from traditional Chinese herbs,have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in ischemic stroke management.These compounds exert multiple neuroprotective effects,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory action,and inhibition of apoptosis,all of which are critical in mitigating stroke-induced cerebral damage.This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and highlights the recent progress in the development of small-molecule natural medicines as promising therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the Project for Collaborative Promotion of Agricultural Major Technology of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2022XTTGCY01-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31700615,32172633)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS19-01A)the Special Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2020R52036)。
文摘The tea plant cultivar‘Zhonghuang 2'(ZH2)possesses albino-induced yellow leaves that contain low levels of catechins but high contents of amino acids.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the yellow leaf phenotype of ZH2 has not been elucidated clearly.In the current research,the yellow shoots(ZH2-Y)and naturally converted green shoots(ZH2-G)of ZH2 were studied using metabolic and proteomic profiling for a better understanding of the mechanism underlying phenotype formation.In total,107 differentially changed metabolites(DCMs)were identified from the GC-MS-based metabolomics,and 189 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs)were identified from the tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics.Subsequently,integrated analysis revealed that‘porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism',‘carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms',and‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis'pathways were commonly enriched for DAPs and DCMs.We further found that the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis,the deficiency of photosynthetic proteins and the imbalance of the ROS-scavenging system were the crucial reasons responsible for the chlorosis,chloroplast abnormality and photooxidative damage of ZH2 leaves.Altogether,our research combines metabolomics and proteomics approaches to uncover the molecular mechanism leading to the yellow leaf phenotype of tea plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82405016 and 82141216)the Project of Frontier Technology Platform for Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education in 2024(No.LJ232410163056)+3 种基金"Select the best candidates to lead key research projects"of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Nos.XJB2022008 and XJB2023001)the Foundation of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Nos.X2023001-Talent and X2024002-Talent)the Young and Middle-aged Teacher Education Research Project in Fujian Province(No.JZ230023)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(No.2023L3014).
文摘Thirteen novel diterpenoids,comprising seven tiglianes(walliglianes G−M,1−7),four rhamnofolanes(wallinofolanes A−D,8−11),and two daphnanes(wallaphnanes A and B,12 and 13),together with two known rhamnofolane diterpenoids(euphorwallside H and euphorwallside I,14 and 15),were isolated and characterized from Euphorbia wallichii(E.wallichii).The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),mass spectrometry(MS),and quantum chemical calculations.Compounds 9 and 11 demonstrated protective effects against H2O2-induced BV-2 microglial cell damage.Molecular docking analyses indicated that compound 9 exhibited binding affinity to the anti-oxidant-related targets HMGCR,GSTP1,and SHBG.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
基金supported jointly by the earmarked fund for CARS-10-GW2the key research and development program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020226)+1 种基金Collaborative innovation center of Nanfan and high-efficiency tropical agriculture,Hainan University(Grant No.XTCX2022NYC21)funding of Hainan University[Grant No.KYQD(ZR)22123]。
文摘Heat stress hinders the growth and productivity of sweetpotato plants,predominantly through oxidative damage to cellular membranes.Therefore,the development of efficient approaches for mitigating heat-related impairments is essential for the long-term production of sweetpotatoes.Melatonin has been recognised for its capacity to assist plants in dealing with abiotic stress conditions.This research aimed to investigate how different doses of exogenous melatonin influence heat damage in sweetpotato plants.Heat stress drastically affected shoot and root fresh weight by 31.8 and 44.5%,respectively.This reduction resulted in oxidative stress characterised by increased formation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by 804.4%,superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-))by 211.5%and malondialdehyde(MDA)by 234.2%.Heat stress also reduced chlorophyll concentration,photosystemⅡefficiency(F_v/F_m)by 15.3%and gaseous exchange.However,pre-treatment with 100μmol L^(-1)melatonin increased growth and reduced oxidative damage to sweetpotato plants under heat stress.In particular,melatonin decreased H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(·-)and MDA by 64.8%,42.7%and 38.2%,respectively.Melatonin also mitigated the decline in chlorophyll levels and improved stomatal traits,gaseous exchange and F_(v)/F_(m)(13%).Results suggested that the favorable outcomes of melatonin treatment can be associated with elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmo-protectants.Overall,these findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can improve heat stress tolerance in sweetpotatoes.This stu dy will assist re searchers in further investigating how melatonin makes sweetpotatoes more resistant to heat stress.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22076104)the“Taishan Scholars”Program for Young Expert of Shandong Province(tsqn202103105).
文摘Ferroptosis,a type of programmed cell death,represents a distinct paradigm in cell biology.It is characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species,which induce lipid peroxidation(LPO),and is orchestrated by the interplay between iron,lipid peroxides,and glutathione.In this review,we emphasize the frequently overlooked role of iron in LPO beyond the classical iron-driven Fenton reaction in several crucial processes that regulate cellular iron homeostasis,including iron intake and export as well as ferritinophagy,and the emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum-resident flavoprotein oxidoreductases,especially P450 oxidoreductases,in modulating LPO.We summarize how various types of fatty acids(FAs),including saturated,monounsaturated,and polyunsaturated FAs,differentially influence ferroptosis when incorporated into phospholipids.Furthermore,we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting LPO to mitigate ferroptosis and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of endogenous lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidants that confer resistance to ferroptosis,shedding light on therapeutic avenues for ferroptosis-associated diseases.
基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021ZDZX0009).
文摘Background Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets.Ferulic acid(FA)works as an antioxidant,however,the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets are less known.This study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on growth performance and antioxi-dant capacity in piglets with diquat challenge.Methods Thirty-two healthy DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)piglets(13.24±0.19 kg)were randomly divided into one of two diets including 0 or 4 g/kg FA for 14 d.On d 15,all pigs were intraperitoneally injected diquat or sterile saline.Results Dietary supplementation with ferulic acid(FA)significantly improved the average daily gain(ADG)and decreased feed-gain ratio(F/G)of piglets.Here,dietary FA supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities in diquat challenged piglets.Furthermore,diquat infusion increased reactive oxygen radicals(ROS)level in liver,decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and increased malondialdehyde(MDA)con-tent in the liver and serum.Supplementation with FA significantly increased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and decreased MDA and ROS levels.FA down-regulated gene and protein expression of Keap1,and up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver of piglets with diquat challenge.Importantly,diquat challenge increased the ratio of late apoptosis,increased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and up-regulated pyroptosis-related genes in the liver.FA supplementation reduced the ratio of late apoptosis and down-regulated mRNA expression of Caspase-1.Accordingly,FA addition reduced concentration of IL-1β,IL-18,and LDH under diquat challenge.Conclusions Diquat-induced oxidative stress reduced growth performance and impaired liver function in piglets.Dietary FA supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the degree of hepatocyte pyroptosis,thereby alleviating the oxidative damage in the liver and mitigating the impact of diquat on growth performance of piglets.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225605 and 22193051)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200).
文摘Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.
