A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined wit...A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution(ZORBAX SB-C18 column),with data collected using a diode array detector.The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard(GB 5009.168-2016).The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups.The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity(r=0.9997),with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.23% to 3.92%.Compared to the national standard method,the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%.At specific test concentrations,the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention(100.48%),hygroscopicity(100.85%),and DPPH scavenging efficiency(57.46%)than the low-DHA group(10.33%,11.76%,and 3.71%).The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results,making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control.The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts,providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics.展开更多
Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,an...Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,antidiarrheal,to treat menstrual cramps,and as an aphrodisiac.Zingerone[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]is the major bioactive ingredient present in ginger.Zingerone has shown a wide-range of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo studies.While zingerone is present in small amount in fresh ginger,but its level is increased during drying or heating during cooking.The amount of zingerone increases significantly due to the conversion of gingerol into zingerone through retro-aldol reaction.Owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,zingerone has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to assist in curing a wide array of non-communicable diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disorders,neurological abnormalities,osteoarthritic,and certain cancer types.For this review,extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and other search engines.The major aims of our review are to describe the chemical characteristics of zingerone as well as the various in vitro and in vivo studies reported regarding the pharmacological effects of zingerone and the mechanism of action observed at the cellular and molecular levels.The results of published preclinical and few clinical studies suggest that zingerone has several promising therapeutic applications due to its strong antioxidant,antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities without any serious side effects.However,well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled,and multi-center clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic doses,and longterm safety of zingerone.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To find alternatives to natural musk,this study compared the pharmacological effects of cultivated musk,synthetic musk,and natural musk.The aim is to address the dual challenge of clinical demand for muskbas...OBJECTIVE:To find alternatives to natural musk,this study compared the pharmacological effects of cultivated musk,synthetic musk,and natural musk.The aim is to address the dual challenge of clinical demand for muskbased medicines and the endangered status of the musk deer population.METHODS:This study aimed to establish a rat model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CI/RI)by creating a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model.Methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits,hematoxylin and eosin staining,Nissl staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot were employed to compare the extent of brain tissue damage,inflammatory factor levels,and platelet-related indicators in rats treated with musk from different sources(natural musk,cultivated musk,and synthetic musk),thereby evaluating their differences in neuroprotection.Analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:Results indicated that pretreatment with musk demonstrated a positive impact on neurological function by reducing cerebral infarction size,decreasing cerebral edema severity,increasing calcitonin gene related peptide levels,inhibiting 5-hydroxytryptamine release,and preserving the blood-brain barrier integrity.Notably,natural musk exhibited superior antithrombotic properties compared to cultivated and synthetic musk,primarily evidenced by its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation rate,improve cerebral blood perfusion,reduce platelet activating factor receptor protein expression,and lower thromboxane A2 levels.Cultivated musk was observed to elevate catalase and superoxide dismutase levels while concurrently dampening inducible nitric oxide synthase activity,thereby mitigating oxidative damage and also diminishing tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βcontents along with Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression,enhancing anti-inflammatory capacity.CONCLUSION:Musk sourced from diverse origins exhibits profound neuroprotective qualities against acute CI/RI in rats.Particularly,natural musk demonstrated a specific propensity towards reinforcing antithrombotic effects,whereas cultivated musk excelled in augmenting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative defenses,offering efficacious protection against acute CI/RI.The findings bolster the credibility of strategically employing diverse sources of musk as a preventive strategy against ischemic strokes.展开更多
As the pace of urban life accelerates,plastic wrap has become an everyday necessity.However,traditional petroleum-based plastic wrap is difficult to degrade and prone to releasing harmful plasticizers.Therefore,develo...As the pace of urban life accelerates,plastic wrap has become an everyday necessity.However,traditional petroleum-based plastic wrap is difficult to degrade and prone to releasing harmful plasticizers.Therefore,developing sustainable,biodegradable,and high-performance alternative materials is crucial.Inspired by the cellulose-gum reinforcement mechanism in flaxseed hulls,this study utilized flaxseed hulls as raw material.Through hot water washing,alkali boiling,and bleaching,high-purity insoluble cellulose(FC)was extracted.Subsequently,flaxseed hull cellulose nanofibers(FCN)were prepared via TEMPO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment.Using FC and FCN,an all-natural cellulose-flaxseed gum composite membrane(CM)was constructed,where FCN serves as the framework and flaxseed gum acts as the binder,forming a dense structure.This composite membrane demonstrated effectiveness in nut preservation,significantly delaying nut oxidation and providing a viable pathway for sustainable food packaging.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),a major green tea catechin with potent antioxidant properties,in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU)-induced mouse mod...AIM:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),a major green tea catechin with potent antioxidant properties,in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU)-induced mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa(RP).METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(PBS),MNU-induced RP,and MNU+EGCG pretreatment groups.EGCG(50 mg/kg,intraperitoneal)was administered daily for 3 consecutive days prior to a single MNU injection(50 mg/kg).Retinal function was evaluated by scotopic electroretinography(ERG).Retinal structure was assessed using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and hematoxylin-eosin staining,with outer nuclear layer(ONL)thickness measurement.Mechanisms were explored via RNA sequencing,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)validation of oxidative stress-and inflammation-related genes,and immunohistochemistry for microglial activation,astrocytic gliosis,and apoptosis markers.RESULTS:Compared with the MNU group,EGCG pretreatment significantly preserved scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes(P<0.001).OCT and histological analysis showed that EGCG markedly attenuated MNUinduced thinning of total retina and ONL(P<0.005,P<0.001,respectively).RNA sequencing identified 1147 differentially expressed genes modulated by EGCG,with significant upregulation of antioxidant genes(Nrf2,Sod1,Gpx4,Cat1,Ho-1)and downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes.Immunohistochemistry confirmed that EGCG significantly reduced microglial activation,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression,and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells(P<0.01 to P<0.001).CONCLUSION:EGCG exerts robust neuroprotective effects in MNU-induced RP through enhancement of antioxidant defenses,suppression of neuroinflammation,and preservation of retinal structure and function.These findings suggest EGCG as a promising candidate for adjuvant antioxidant therapy in RP.展开更多
Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injecti...Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.Anthocyanins(ACs)are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetab...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.Anthocyanins(ACs)are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetables,attracting the attention of researchers due to their possible role in managing diabetes and its complications.Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ACs on blood sugar levels,insulin sensitivity,and glucose tolerance.These effects may be associated with multiple mechanisms,including increased glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4)expression,enhanced glucose uptake,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and protein kinase C(PKC)phosphorylation,improved insulin sensitivity,activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling,increased glutathione(GSH)synthesis,production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)secretion,induction of antioxidant enzymes,improved beta-cell functioning,and activation of insulin signaling pathways.The activity of enzymes(alpha amylase,glucosidase,and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV[DPP-IV])and the expression of inflammatory biomarkers(tumor necrosis factor[TNF],IL6,and MCP1)are reduced.These findings suggest the potential of ACs as adjunctive therapies.However,further studies,including well-structured clinical trials,are needed to explore the optimal dosage and long-term efficacy of ACs in diabetes management.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practica...Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.展开更多
Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In...Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.展开更多
Background As probiotics,Bacillus strains may regulate some physiological functions in animals.This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with a Bacillus-based probiotic could alleviate gut damage in...Background As probiotics,Bacillus strains may regulate some physiological functions in animals.This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with a Bacillus-based probiotic could alleviate gut damage induced by rotavirus(RV)infection in piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned into 2 groups fed with the basal diet(n=16)and the diet containing 10^(9) colony-forming unit Bacillus spores/kg(n=8).On d 8,8 piglets fed with the diet supplemented with Bacillus-based probiotic and 8 piglets fed with basal diet were orally infused with RV,while the residue piglets had oral gavage of sterile essential medium.The trial duration was 12 d.Results RV challenge induced diarrhea,significantly destroyed the morphology of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly increased RV-antibody and RV non-structural protein 4 of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly impaired antioxidant capacity(including malondialdehyde level,total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity),immunity(such as interleukin 2,interleukin 4 and secreted immunoglobulin A levels),mucins and the m RNA expression of tightjunction-related(such as Zonula occludens 1,occludin)and apoptotic-related(including B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2-associated X protein,B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2,cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases)genes of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),and,to some extents,affected the bacteria community structure and abundance of ileal digesta in piglets.However,Bacillus-based probiotic administration could significantly attenuate the negative effects of RV infection on gut health of piglets(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings suggested that supplementing Bacillus-based probiotic in the diet could decrease diarrhea rate,and improve gut health in weaned piglets,which was associated with regulating intestinal antioxidant capacity,apoptosis,and microbiota.展开更多
Background:Aging is a key risk factor for human health,causing damage to the brain and liver tissues.Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a critical driver of the aging process.Shuangshen tablet(SS...Background:Aging is a key risk factor for human health,causing damage to the brain and liver tissues.Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a critical driver of the aging process.Shuangshen tablet(SST),a functional food formulated with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Apostichopus japonicus as main ingredients,possesses potential antioxidant and anti-aging properties.Thus,this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging effects of SST using a D-galactose-induced aging model.Methods:The formula of SST was optimized via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.Chemical components of SST were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS,and their in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.D-galactose-induced aging mice were intervened with SST,followed by detection of serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels,as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in brain and liver tissues.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe brain and liver histopathological changes.Mechanistic studies were conducted to analyze the protein expression levels of Nrf2-HO-1 pathway-related proteins,phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT).Acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed to evaluate the safety of SST.Results:A total of 46 active components were identified from SST,including ketones,terpenes,phenylpropanoids,and organic acids.SST intervention significantly regulated serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels in aging mice:it reduced MDA content in brain and liver tissues,increased SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px activities,and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels.HE staining showed that SST alleviated D-galactose-induced brain and liver damage.Mechanistically,SST mitigated oxidative damage by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway and upregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT.Acute and subacute toxicity tests confirmed the safety of SST.Conclusion:SST can effectively delay the D-galactose-induced aging process by improving the oxidative stress signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for the development of antioxidant functional foods.展开更多
Seaweed was fermented using Bifidobacterium,and its high-density fermentation conditions were investigated through single-factor experiments.The optimized fermentation conditions were determined as follows:Ulva powder...Seaweed was fermented using Bifidobacterium,and its high-density fermentation conditions were investigated through single-factor experiments.The optimized fermentation conditions were determined as follows:Ulva powder as the fermentation algal body,Ulva powder addition at 2%,fermented nitrogen source as 1%soy peptone,fermentation time of 26 h,and fermentation temperature of 37℃.The Ulva powder ferment broth was subjected to the Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane(HET-CAM)assay and acute cell toxicity testing to evaluate its irritancy and safety.Additionally,cell-based experiments for firming and anti-wrinking efficacy,soothing effect,whitening potency,and antioxidant activity were conducted to assess its cosmetic functionalities.The results indicated that the obtained Ulva powder ferment broth was non-irritating and exhibited a high non-cytotoxic concentration.A 5%concentration of the Ulva powder ferment broth promoted the upregulation of Type Ⅰ collagen by 32.58%±1.33%.A 10%concentration of the ferment broth achieved relative inhibition rates of 67.64%±3.99%for nitric oxide(NO)and 55.76%±0.11%for melanin,respectively.Furthermore,a 6.25%concentration of the ferment broth demonstrated an ABTS radical scavenging rate of 58.29%±4.92%.These findings suggest that the Ulva powder ferment broth is a fermentation product characterized by high safety,excellent anti-wrinking,soothing,and whitening efficacies,along with potent in vitro antioxidant capacity.This study demonstrates its value-added development and significant potential for application in industries such as cosmetics and food.展开更多
Arisaema propinquum(A.propinquum)is a medicinal tuberous plant native to the Himalayan region,belonging to the family Araceae.It has a unique appearance due to its inflorescence,which is strikingly elegant and resembl...Arisaema propinquum(A.propinquum)is a medicinal tuberous plant native to the Himalayan region,belonging to the family Araceae.It has a unique appearance due to its inflorescence,which is strikingly elegant and resembles that of Arisaema triphyllum,also known as“Jack-in-the-pulpit”.This review provides a comprehensive overview of A.propinquum,covering its taxonomy,geographic distribution,and traditional uses.While ethnobotanical information on A.propinquum is relatively well documented,species-specific pharmacological,mechanistic,and in vivo studies remain limited.Accordingly,evidence from related Arisaema species is discussed cautiously as contextual support for phytochemical similarity rather than as direct proof of bioactivity in A.propinquum.This study seeks to establish a relationship between ethnopharmacological use and scientific enquiries into A.propinquum,including a comparison of the various species of the family Araceae and their recent contributions to traditional medicinal advancements.The review mainly emphasises the traditional uses,phytochemistry,safety and toxicity data,and future techniques for its conservation,with increased yield and impact.It highlights A.propinquum as an underexplored yet promising candidate for focused phytochemical characterisation,experimental validation of traditional claims,and conservation-oriented research.Overall,the available evidence indicates that while direct experimental data on the plant remain limited,its placement within a genus rich in bioactive secondary metabolites makes it a strong candidate for focused,species-specific future research.展开更多
Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is...Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.展开更多
Cannabidiol(CBD),the second most significant phytocannabinoid in the plant Cannabis sativa,which lacks potential as a drug of abuse(Viudez-Martinez et al.,2019),has gained widespread attention due to its anti-inflamma...Cannabidiol(CBD),the second most significant phytocannabinoid in the plant Cannabis sativa,which lacks potential as a drug of abuse(Viudez-Martinez et al.,2019),has gained widespread attention due to its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antidepressant properties(Garci a-Gutierrez et al.,2020).Additionally,CBD exhibits neuroprotective properties,preserving neuronal viability and function by preventing or limiting cellular damage.Our team has demonstrated that CBD produces rapid antidepressant-like effects in a murine model of chronic mild stress,restoring hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).展开更多
Roasting constitutes a critical stage in sesame oil production,where the thermal degradation of pectic polysaccharide initiates fundamental chemical transformations including caramelization,Maillard processes,lipid ox...Roasting constitutes a critical stage in sesame oil production,where the thermal degradation of pectic polysaccharide initiates fundamental chemical transformations including caramelization,Maillard processes,lipid oxidation and Strecker degradation.This study systematically examines the structural,chemical and oil antioxidant capacity of sesame hull-derived pectic polysaccharides(URA and URB)under 160–220℃,and their impacts on sesame oil oxidative stability.The results demonstrate temperature-dependent molecular restructuring of URA and URB with molecular weights increasing proportionally and reduced total yields by 42.73%until 220℃.Furfural and organic acids were identified as primary pyrolysis products,accompanied by volatile aromatic compounds including furans,benzenes,and phenols.Sesame oil with the mixture of URA and URB(HSO-URA/B)exhibited optimal thermal antioxidant performance,demonstrating improved sesame oil oxidative stability as evidenced by peroxide value(0.07–0.81 g/100 g)and oxidative stability index(22.6 h).This work provides a scientific foundation for optimizing sesame oil quality while transforming hull byproducts into valueadded food ingredients.展开更多
Using the pulp of Annona squamosa L.as the raw material,polysaccharides were extracted using ultrasonicassisted hot water extraction,with polysaccharide yield as the response variable.The effects of four factors on ex...Using the pulp of Annona squamosa L.as the raw material,polysaccharides were extracted using ultrasonicassisted hot water extraction,with polysaccharide yield as the response variable.The effects of four factors on extraction efficiency were investigated,and the extraction process was optimized using an orthogonal experimental design.The monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides was analyzed using ion chromatography(IC).The antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical(·OH)scavenging,and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assays.Additionally,Franz diffusion cells were used to conduct in vitro transdermal absorption experiments,measuring cumulative permeation and calculating permeation kinetics parameters.The results showed that under optimized extraction conditions,the polysaccharide yield was 50.57%±0.02%.Ion chromatography analysis revealed that the main monosaccharide components were arabinose(0.6%),glucose(40.5%),and fructose(58.9%).Antioxidant evaluation indicated that with the addition of 80μL of the extract,the DPPH radical scavenging rate reached 94.13%±0.81%;with 600μL,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 93.33%±0.92%,and the FRAP value was(38.07±1.30)mmol/L.Transdermal absorption experiments demonstrated that the skin retention rates of the polysaccharide aqueous extract at 75%and 100%concentrations were 4.65%±1.52%and 12.37%±2.14%,respectively,with 12 h cumulative permeation rates of 57.43%±1.08%and 74.24%±0.74%.Kinetic analysis of transdermal absorption showed that the process followed zero-order kinetics,indicating a constant release rate under steady-state conditions,consistent with Fick’s diffusion law.This study systematically combined optimization of polysaccharide aqueous extraction,monosaccharide composition analysis,antioxidant activity evaluation,and transdermal permeation performance analysis.It revealed the bioactive properties and potential applications of Annona squamosa L.polysaccharides,particularly in the fields of antioxidant activity and transdermal permeation.The findings provide essential data to support the development of functional products based on Annona squamosa L.polysaccharides.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential of oral probiotics to improve sperm motility and decrease DNA fragmentation in men diagnosed with asthenozoospermia.Methods:Men diagnosed with asthenozoospermia,aged between 18 a...Objective:To investigate the potential of oral probiotics to improve sperm motility and decrease DNA fragmentation in men diagnosed with asthenozoospermia.Methods:Men diagnosed with asthenozoospermia,aged between 18 and 40 years,were randomly assigned to receive probiotic or placebo for 10 weeks.Sperm parameters(count,motility,and morphology)and seminal fluid biochemical markers were assessed using light microscopy and Diff-Quik staining.Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were measured using the malondialdehyde(MDA)technique,while DNA fragmentation index(DFI)was evaluated through acidic aniline blue staining.Data from both groups were compared to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation.Results:Sixteen men were included.The probiotic group(n=8)showed a significant increase in total sperm motility(P<0.001)and progressive motility(P=0.003)compared to the placebo group(n=8).Additionally,sperm count in the probiotic group was significantly higher than in the placebo group,although other sperm parameters did not show significant changes.Notably,levels of MDA(P=0.027)and DFI(P=0.004)were significantly reduced in the probiotic group,indicating a decrease in oxidative stress and DNA damage.Conclusions:Probiotic supplementation effectively enhances sperm quality by mitigating oxidative stress and reducing DNA damage,thereby improving sperm motility in men with asthenozoospermia.Study registration:The trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials(IRCT20220119053769N1).展开更多
Objectives:Oxidative stress(OS)plays a pivotal role in chronic and neurodegenerative diseases,which has sparked interest in molecules that modulate redox-regulating enzymes.Melatonin and its metabolites exhibit antiox...Objectives:Oxidative stress(OS)plays a pivotal role in chronic and neurodegenerative diseases,which has sparked interest in molecules that modulate redox-regulating enzymes.Melatonin and its metabolites exhibit antioxidant properties;however,their molecular mechanisms of enzymatic and transcriptional modulation remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate,through an exploratory in silico approach,the interactions of melatonin and related compounds with OS-related enzymes to generate hypotheses about their role in cellular redox control.Methods:A rational selection of antioxidant,pro-oxidant,and transcriptional targets was performed.Ligands were optimized at the DFT level(M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p))and docked to OS related enzymes.Docking results were analyzed using polygenic antioxidant indices(PAOX)and a similarity interaction index(SSI).Molecular dynamics simulations of selected complexes provided additional insight into potential ligand-protein interaction mechanisms.Results:In silico analyses revealed that N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AMK),N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AFMK),and 3-hydroxymelatonin(3OH-M)could partially inhibit pro-oxidant enzymes such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX5).The N-(2-(2-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide(IIcD)and N-(2-(6-hydroxy-7-mercapto-5-methoxy-1H-indol)ethyl)acetamide(dM38)derivatives could potentially stabilize superoxide dismutase(SOD1)and catalase(CAT)enzymes,respectively.Finally,AFMK and dM38 showed consistent interactions with transcriptional regulators,particularly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1).Conclusion:These studies about melatonin-related compounds support a multifactorial profile of redox modulation and provide mechanistic hypotheses for future experimental validation.Among these approaches,the interaction-similarity index is introduced as a novel tool to facilitate the identification of promising redox-active candidates.展开更多
Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding ...Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.展开更多
文摘A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was developed for the direct determination of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in sturgeon caviar extract.The assay employed n-hexane extraction combined with gradient elution(ZORBAX SB-C18 column),with data collected using a diode array detector.The content was calculated by external standard method and validated against the national standard(GB 5009.168-2016).The study also measured DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and moisture retention rate across different DHA concentration groups.The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent linearity(r=0.9997),with recovery rates ranging from 92.1% to 101.1% and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.23% to 3.92%.Compared to the national standard method,the relative deviation was 0.67% to 1.68%.At specific test concentrations,the high-DHA group shows significantly higher moisture retention(100.48%),hygroscopicity(100.85%),and DPPH scavenging efficiency(57.46%)than the low-DHA group(10.33%,11.76%,and 3.71%).The RP-HPLC method developed in this study simplifies DHA detection procedures with simple reagents and reliable results,making it suitable for rapid qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of target components in caviar extract quality control.The DPPH experiment further reveals the correlation between DHA content and antioxidant efficacy in sturgeon caviar extracts,providing scientific evidence for developing functional cosmetics.
文摘Zingiber officinale Roscoe(ginger)is traditionally used as a culinary spice worldwide.In folklore medicine,raw and fresh ginger has been used for treating nausea and vomiting,to improve liver function and digestion,antidiarrheal,to treat menstrual cramps,and as an aphrodisiac.Zingerone[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone]is the major bioactive ingredient present in ginger.Zingerone has shown a wide-range of pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo studies.While zingerone is present in small amount in fresh ginger,but its level is increased during drying or heating during cooking.The amount of zingerone increases significantly due to the conversion of gingerol into zingerone through retro-aldol reaction.Owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,zingerone has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to assist in curing a wide array of non-communicable diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disorders,neurological abnormalities,osteoarthritic,and certain cancer types.For this review,extensive literature searches were performed using PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and other search engines.The major aims of our review are to describe the chemical characteristics of zingerone as well as the various in vitro and in vivo studies reported regarding the pharmacological effects of zingerone and the mechanism of action observed at the cellular and molecular levels.The results of published preclinical and few clinical studies suggest that zingerone has several promising therapeutic applications due to its strong antioxidant,antiinflammatory and anti-proliferative activities without any serious side effects.However,well-designed,randomized,placebo-controlled,and multi-center clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal therapeutic doses,and longterm safety of zingerone.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan:Research on the Mechanism of Detoxification and Synergistic Effects of Sichuan-Produced Toxic Authentic Medicinal Herbs Croton Seed and Aconite Root(No.2024NSFSC0054)National Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Multidisciplinary Innovation Team for Multidimensional Evaluation of Southwest Chinese Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202209)Sichuan Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industry Innovation Team:Innovative Team for Multidimensional Evaluation and Product Development of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources(No.2022C001)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To find alternatives to natural musk,this study compared the pharmacological effects of cultivated musk,synthetic musk,and natural musk.The aim is to address the dual challenge of clinical demand for muskbased medicines and the endangered status of the musk deer population.METHODS:This study aimed to establish a rat model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CI/RI)by creating a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model.Methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits,hematoxylin and eosin staining,Nissl staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot were employed to compare the extent of brain tissue damage,inflammatory factor levels,and platelet-related indicators in rats treated with musk from different sources(natural musk,cultivated musk,and synthetic musk),thereby evaluating their differences in neuroprotection.Analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS:Results indicated that pretreatment with musk demonstrated a positive impact on neurological function by reducing cerebral infarction size,decreasing cerebral edema severity,increasing calcitonin gene related peptide levels,inhibiting 5-hydroxytryptamine release,and preserving the blood-brain barrier integrity.Notably,natural musk exhibited superior antithrombotic properties compared to cultivated and synthetic musk,primarily evidenced by its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation rate,improve cerebral blood perfusion,reduce platelet activating factor receptor protein expression,and lower thromboxane A2 levels.Cultivated musk was observed to elevate catalase and superoxide dismutase levels while concurrently dampening inducible nitric oxide synthase activity,thereby mitigating oxidative damage and also diminishing tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βcontents along with Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression,enhancing anti-inflammatory capacity.CONCLUSION:Musk sourced from diverse origins exhibits profound neuroprotective qualities against acute CI/RI in rats.Particularly,natural musk demonstrated a specific propensity towards reinforcing antithrombotic effects,whereas cultivated musk excelled in augmenting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative defenses,offering efficacious protection against acute CI/RI.The findings bolster the credibility of strategically employing diverse sources of musk as a preventive strategy against ischemic strokes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials(2024P09),Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China。
文摘As the pace of urban life accelerates,plastic wrap has become an everyday necessity.However,traditional petroleum-based plastic wrap is difficult to degrade and prone to releasing harmful plasticizers.Therefore,developing sustainable,biodegradable,and high-performance alternative materials is crucial.Inspired by the cellulose-gum reinforcement mechanism in flaxseed hulls,this study utilized flaxseed hulls as raw material.Through hot water washing,alkali boiling,and bleaching,high-purity insoluble cellulose(FC)was extracted.Subsequently,flaxseed hull cellulose nanofibers(FCN)were prepared via TEMPO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment.Using FC and FCN,an all-natural cellulose-flaxseed gum composite membrane(CM)was constructed,where FCN serves as the framework and flaxseed gum acts as the binder,forming a dense structure.This composite membrane demonstrated effectiveness in nut preservation,significantly delaying nut oxidation and providing a viable pathway for sustainable food packaging.
文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),a major green tea catechin with potent antioxidant properties,in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU)-induced mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa(RP).METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(PBS),MNU-induced RP,and MNU+EGCG pretreatment groups.EGCG(50 mg/kg,intraperitoneal)was administered daily for 3 consecutive days prior to a single MNU injection(50 mg/kg).Retinal function was evaluated by scotopic electroretinography(ERG).Retinal structure was assessed using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and hematoxylin-eosin staining,with outer nuclear layer(ONL)thickness measurement.Mechanisms were explored via RNA sequencing,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)validation of oxidative stress-and inflammation-related genes,and immunohistochemistry for microglial activation,astrocytic gliosis,and apoptosis markers.RESULTS:Compared with the MNU group,EGCG pretreatment significantly preserved scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes(P<0.001).OCT and histological analysis showed that EGCG markedly attenuated MNUinduced thinning of total retina and ONL(P<0.005,P<0.001,respectively).RNA sequencing identified 1147 differentially expressed genes modulated by EGCG,with significant upregulation of antioxidant genes(Nrf2,Sod1,Gpx4,Cat1,Ho-1)and downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes.Immunohistochemistry confirmed that EGCG significantly reduced microglial activation,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression,and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells(P<0.01 to P<0.001).CONCLUSION:EGCG exerts robust neuroprotective effects in MNU-induced RP through enhancement of antioxidant defenses,suppression of neuroinflammation,and preservation of retinal structure and function.These findings suggest EGCG as a promising candidate for adjuvant antioxidant therapy in RP.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272472 and 52373146)。
文摘Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global health challenge with increasing prevalence rates,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.Anthocyanins(ACs)are potential bioactive compounds found in various fruits and vegetables,attracting the attention of researchers due to their possible role in managing diabetes and its complications.Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ACs on blood sugar levels,insulin sensitivity,and glucose tolerance.These effects may be associated with multiple mechanisms,including increased glucose transporter type 4(GLUT4)expression,enhanced glucose uptake,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and protein kinase C(PKC)phosphorylation,improved insulin sensitivity,activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling,increased glutathione(GSH)synthesis,production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)secretion,induction of antioxidant enzymes,improved beta-cell functioning,and activation of insulin signaling pathways.The activity of enzymes(alpha amylase,glucosidase,and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV[DPP-IV])and the expression of inflammatory biomarkers(tumor necrosis factor[TNF],IL6,and MCP1)are reduced.These findings suggest the potential of ACs as adjunctive therapies.However,further studies,including well-structured clinical trials,are needed to explore the optimal dosage and long-term efficacy of ACs in diabetes management.
文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.
基金the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301864 and 32472114)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2025QC16 and Y2025CG06)。
文摘Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress that severely constrains global agricultural productivity.The application of exogenous bioactive substances represents a promising strategy to enhance crop salt tolerance.In this study,we investigated the protective role of exogenous myo-inositol in rapeseed under salinity stress.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous application of 20μM myo-inositol significantly alleviates salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.Myo-inositol effectively mitigated growth inhibition,maintained chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic activity,and stabilized membrane integrity under salt stress.Physiological and molecular evidence indicated that myo-inositol activates the antioxidant system by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT),thereby reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation.Notably,myoinositol triggered a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy by increasing Na+accumulation,associated with the upregulation of BnHKT1 and downregulation of vacuolar BnNHX homologs.Concurrently,myo-inositol stimulated proline biosynthesis for osmotic adjustment.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis showed that myo-inositol finetunes the expression of key genes involved in antioxidant defense,osmotic adjustment,and stress signaling.These findings demonstrate that myo-inositol enhances rapeseed salt tolerance through an integrated mechanism involving antioxidant activation,transcriptional reprogramming,and a species-specific ion homeostasis strategy,establishing its potential as an effective biostimulant for saline agriculture.
基金financially supported by the fund from the Project of Evonik Operations GmbH(34.63.21010)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0304)。
文摘Background As probiotics,Bacillus strains may regulate some physiological functions in animals.This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with a Bacillus-based probiotic could alleviate gut damage induced by rotavirus(RV)infection in piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned into 2 groups fed with the basal diet(n=16)and the diet containing 10^(9) colony-forming unit Bacillus spores/kg(n=8).On d 8,8 piglets fed with the diet supplemented with Bacillus-based probiotic and 8 piglets fed with basal diet were orally infused with RV,while the residue piglets had oral gavage of sterile essential medium.The trial duration was 12 d.Results RV challenge induced diarrhea,significantly destroyed the morphology of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly increased RV-antibody and RV non-structural protein 4 of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly impaired antioxidant capacity(including malondialdehyde level,total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity),immunity(such as interleukin 2,interleukin 4 and secreted immunoglobulin A levels),mucins and the m RNA expression of tightjunction-related(such as Zonula occludens 1,occludin)and apoptotic-related(including B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2-associated X protein,B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2,cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases)genes of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),and,to some extents,affected the bacteria community structure and abundance of ileal digesta in piglets.However,Bacillus-based probiotic administration could significantly attenuate the negative effects of RV infection on gut health of piglets(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings suggested that supplementing Bacillus-based probiotic in the diet could decrease diarrhea rate,and improve gut health in weaned piglets,which was associated with regulating intestinal antioxidant capacity,apoptosis,and microbiota.
基金funded by Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project-Research and Development of Shuangshen Tablets(20210401123YY)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project-Jilin Province High-quality and Authentic Medicinal Materials(Ginseng)Science and Technology Demonstration Base+(Ji'an Dadi Ginseng Industry Co.,Ltd.Ginseng Planting Base)(20220401114YY)Scientific Research Fund of Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology(2024YB019).
文摘Background:Aging is a key risk factor for human health,causing damage to the brain and liver tissues.Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a critical driver of the aging process.Shuangshen tablet(SST),a functional food formulated with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Apostichopus japonicus as main ingredients,possesses potential antioxidant and anti-aging properties.Thus,this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging effects of SST using a D-galactose-induced aging model.Methods:The formula of SST was optimized via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.Chemical components of SST were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS,and their in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.D-galactose-induced aging mice were intervened with SST,followed by detection of serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels,as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in brain and liver tissues.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe brain and liver histopathological changes.Mechanistic studies were conducted to analyze the protein expression levels of Nrf2-HO-1 pathway-related proteins,phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT).Acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed to evaluate the safety of SST.Results:A total of 46 active components were identified from SST,including ketones,terpenes,phenylpropanoids,and organic acids.SST intervention significantly regulated serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels in aging mice:it reduced MDA content in brain and liver tissues,increased SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px activities,and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels.HE staining showed that SST alleviated D-galactose-induced brain and liver damage.Mechanistically,SST mitigated oxidative damage by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway and upregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT.Acute and subacute toxicity tests confirmed the safety of SST.Conclusion:SST can effectively delay the D-galactose-induced aging process by improving the oxidative stress signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for the development of antioxidant functional foods.
文摘Seaweed was fermented using Bifidobacterium,and its high-density fermentation conditions were investigated through single-factor experiments.The optimized fermentation conditions were determined as follows:Ulva powder as the fermentation algal body,Ulva powder addition at 2%,fermented nitrogen source as 1%soy peptone,fermentation time of 26 h,and fermentation temperature of 37℃.The Ulva powder ferment broth was subjected to the Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane(HET-CAM)assay and acute cell toxicity testing to evaluate its irritancy and safety.Additionally,cell-based experiments for firming and anti-wrinking efficacy,soothing effect,whitening potency,and antioxidant activity were conducted to assess its cosmetic functionalities.The results indicated that the obtained Ulva powder ferment broth was non-irritating and exhibited a high non-cytotoxic concentration.A 5%concentration of the Ulva powder ferment broth promoted the upregulation of Type Ⅰ collagen by 32.58%±1.33%.A 10%concentration of the ferment broth achieved relative inhibition rates of 67.64%±3.99%for nitric oxide(NO)and 55.76%±0.11%for melanin,respectively.Furthermore,a 6.25%concentration of the ferment broth demonstrated an ABTS radical scavenging rate of 58.29%±4.92%.These findings suggest that the Ulva powder ferment broth is a fermentation product characterized by high safety,excellent anti-wrinking,soothing,and whitening efficacies,along with potent in vitro antioxidant capacity.This study demonstrates its value-added development and significant potential for application in industries such as cosmetics and food.
基金Financial support provided by CUHP to DB in the form of a Ph.D.fellowship is also acknowledged.
文摘Arisaema propinquum(A.propinquum)is a medicinal tuberous plant native to the Himalayan region,belonging to the family Araceae.It has a unique appearance due to its inflorescence,which is strikingly elegant and resembles that of Arisaema triphyllum,also known as“Jack-in-the-pulpit”.This review provides a comprehensive overview of A.propinquum,covering its taxonomy,geographic distribution,and traditional uses.While ethnobotanical information on A.propinquum is relatively well documented,species-specific pharmacological,mechanistic,and in vivo studies remain limited.Accordingly,evidence from related Arisaema species is discussed cautiously as contextual support for phytochemical similarity rather than as direct proof of bioactivity in A.propinquum.This study seeks to establish a relationship between ethnopharmacological use and scientific enquiries into A.propinquum,including a comparison of the various species of the family Araceae and their recent contributions to traditional medicinal advancements.The review mainly emphasises the traditional uses,phytochemistry,safety and toxicity data,and future techniques for its conservation,with increased yield and impact.It highlights A.propinquum as an underexplored yet promising candidate for focused phytochemical characterisation,experimental validation of traditional claims,and conservation-oriented research.Overall,the available evidence indicates that while direct experimental data on the plant remain limited,its placement within a genus rich in bioactive secondary metabolites makes it a strong candidate for focused,species-specific future research.
基金We appreciate the financial support of this work by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources from Golestan Province(Grant No.9413184180).
文摘Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.
基金supported by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,grant number PI18/00576 to MSGG and JMRRed de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones,Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,grant number RD21/0009/0008 and RD24/0003/0002+1 种基金Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante(ISABIAL)to JMThe Instituto de Neurociencias is a“Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa”(CEX2021-001165-S).
文摘Cannabidiol(CBD),the second most significant phytocannabinoid in the plant Cannabis sativa,which lacks potential as a drug of abuse(Viudez-Martinez et al.,2019),has gained widespread attention due to its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antidepressant properties(Garci a-Gutierrez et al.,2020).Additionally,CBD exhibits neuroprotective properties,preserving neuronal viability and function by preventing or limiting cellular damage.Our team has demonstrated that CBD produces rapid antidepressant-like effects in a murine model of chronic mild stress,restoring hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).
基金supported by the Agriculture Research System of China of MOF and MARA[grant number CARS-14-1-29]“Double First-Class”Project for Undergraduate-Cultivating Quality Enhancement Key Programme in Food Science and Engineering at Henan University of Technology[grant number HN-HautFood IAEM-025].
文摘Roasting constitutes a critical stage in sesame oil production,where the thermal degradation of pectic polysaccharide initiates fundamental chemical transformations including caramelization,Maillard processes,lipid oxidation and Strecker degradation.This study systematically examines the structural,chemical and oil antioxidant capacity of sesame hull-derived pectic polysaccharides(URA and URB)under 160–220℃,and their impacts on sesame oil oxidative stability.The results demonstrate temperature-dependent molecular restructuring of URA and URB with molecular weights increasing proportionally and reduced total yields by 42.73%until 220℃.Furfural and organic acids were identified as primary pyrolysis products,accompanied by volatile aromatic compounds including furans,benzenes,and phenols.Sesame oil with the mixture of URA and URB(HSO-URA/B)exhibited optimal thermal antioxidant performance,demonstrating improved sesame oil oxidative stability as evidenced by peroxide value(0.07–0.81 g/100 g)and oxidative stability index(22.6 h).This work provides a scientific foundation for optimizing sesame oil quality while transforming hull byproducts into valueadded food ingredients.
文摘Using the pulp of Annona squamosa L.as the raw material,polysaccharides were extracted using ultrasonicassisted hot water extraction,with polysaccharide yield as the response variable.The effects of four factors on extraction efficiency were investigated,and the extraction process was optimized using an orthogonal experimental design.The monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides was analyzed using ion chromatography(IC).The antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical(·OH)scavenging,and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assays.Additionally,Franz diffusion cells were used to conduct in vitro transdermal absorption experiments,measuring cumulative permeation and calculating permeation kinetics parameters.The results showed that under optimized extraction conditions,the polysaccharide yield was 50.57%±0.02%.Ion chromatography analysis revealed that the main monosaccharide components were arabinose(0.6%),glucose(40.5%),and fructose(58.9%).Antioxidant evaluation indicated that with the addition of 80μL of the extract,the DPPH radical scavenging rate reached 94.13%±0.81%;with 600μL,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 93.33%±0.92%,and the FRAP value was(38.07±1.30)mmol/L.Transdermal absorption experiments demonstrated that the skin retention rates of the polysaccharide aqueous extract at 75%and 100%concentrations were 4.65%±1.52%and 12.37%±2.14%,respectively,with 12 h cumulative permeation rates of 57.43%±1.08%and 74.24%±0.74%.Kinetic analysis of transdermal absorption showed that the process followed zero-order kinetics,indicating a constant release rate under steady-state conditions,consistent with Fick’s diffusion law.This study systematically combined optimization of polysaccharide aqueous extraction,monosaccharide composition analysis,antioxidant activity evaluation,and transdermal permeation performance analysis.It revealed the bioactive properties and potential applications of Annona squamosa L.polysaccharides,particularly in the fields of antioxidant activity and transdermal permeation.The findings provide essential data to support the development of functional products based on Annona squamosa L.polysaccharides.
基金supported by Kashan University of Medical Science,Kashan,Iran(Grant No.40001).
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential of oral probiotics to improve sperm motility and decrease DNA fragmentation in men diagnosed with asthenozoospermia.Methods:Men diagnosed with asthenozoospermia,aged between 18 and 40 years,were randomly assigned to receive probiotic or placebo for 10 weeks.Sperm parameters(count,motility,and morphology)and seminal fluid biochemical markers were assessed using light microscopy and Diff-Quik staining.Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were measured using the malondialdehyde(MDA)technique,while DNA fragmentation index(DFI)was evaluated through acidic aniline blue staining.Data from both groups were compared to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation.Results:Sixteen men were included.The probiotic group(n=8)showed a significant increase in total sperm motility(P<0.001)and progressive motility(P=0.003)compared to the placebo group(n=8).Additionally,sperm count in the probiotic group was significantly higher than in the placebo group,although other sperm parameters did not show significant changes.Notably,levels of MDA(P=0.027)and DFI(P=0.004)were significantly reduced in the probiotic group,indicating a decrease in oxidative stress and DNA damage.Conclusions:Probiotic supplementation effectively enhances sperm quality by mitigating oxidative stress and reducing DNA damage,thereby improving sperm motility in men with asthenozoospermia.Study registration:The trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials(IRCT20220119053769N1).
基金supported by the SECIHTI project Ciencia Basica y de Frontera(No.CBF2023-2024-1141)https://secihti.mx/(accessed on 01 August 2025).
文摘Objectives:Oxidative stress(OS)plays a pivotal role in chronic and neurodegenerative diseases,which has sparked interest in molecules that modulate redox-regulating enzymes.Melatonin and its metabolites exhibit antioxidant properties;however,their molecular mechanisms of enzymatic and transcriptional modulation remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate,through an exploratory in silico approach,the interactions of melatonin and related compounds with OS-related enzymes to generate hypotheses about their role in cellular redox control.Methods:A rational selection of antioxidant,pro-oxidant,and transcriptional targets was performed.Ligands were optimized at the DFT level(M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p))and docked to OS related enzymes.Docking results were analyzed using polygenic antioxidant indices(PAOX)and a similarity interaction index(SSI).Molecular dynamics simulations of selected complexes provided additional insight into potential ligand-protein interaction mechanisms.Results:In silico analyses revealed that N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AMK),N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine(AFMK),and 3-hydroxymelatonin(3OH-M)could partially inhibit pro-oxidant enzymes such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX),thioredoxin reductase(TrxR),and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX5).The N-(2-(2-acetyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide(IIcD)and N-(2-(6-hydroxy-7-mercapto-5-methoxy-1H-indol)ethyl)acetamide(dM38)derivatives could potentially stabilize superoxide dismutase(SOD1)and catalase(CAT)enzymes,respectively.Finally,AFMK and dM38 showed consistent interactions with transcriptional regulators,particularly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1).Conclusion:These studies about melatonin-related compounds support a multifactorial profile of redox modulation and provide mechanistic hypotheses for future experimental validation.Among these approaches,the interaction-similarity index is introduced as a novel tool to facilitate the identification of promising redox-active candidates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2301300)the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01).
文摘Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.
