Objective:The preventive and therapeutic effects of direct moxibustion on a gastric cancer rat model induced by the intragastric administration of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)were evaluated.Changes in t...Objective:The preventive and therapeutic effects of direct moxibustion on a gastric cancer rat model induced by the intragastric administration of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)were evaluated.Changes in the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells in gastric tissues as well as related cytokines in serum were evaluated.The aim of the study was to explore the immunological mechanisms by which direct moxibustion may prevent gastric cancer lesions,thereby providing a basis for studies on the immunological mechanisms by which moxibustion prevents tumor development.Methods:Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:Control,control+moxibustion,model,and moxibustion groups.A gastric cancer rat model was induced by intragastric administration of 20 mg/mL MNNG,with a dose of 1 mL/100 g body weight,once daily for 16 weeks.The control+moxibustion and moxibustion groups received direct moxibustion simultaneously with modeling,continuing for 16 weeks.After the experiment,gastric tissue was collected,and morphological changes in the gastric mucosa in each group of rats were observed through H&E staining.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and a western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in gastric tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were used to measure the levels of interleukin-12(IL-12),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-beta(TNF-β)in rat serum.Results:Upon macroscopic observation,the gastric mucosa of rats in the control and control+moxibustion groups appeared uniformly red,with a glossy mucosal surface,normal gastric wall elasticity,and clear,regular mucosal folds,without hyperplasia or bleeding points.In the model group,the gastric mucosa was reduced in volume,the gastric wall thinned,elasticity decreased,mucosal folds were disordered,and yellow-white cauliflower-like lesions and yellow-brown hyperkeratosis were observed.In the moxibustion group,the gastric mucosa showed decreased elasticity,with disordered mucosal folds and granular hyperplasia.After H&E staining,the gastric mucosal structure was clear and intact in the control and control+moxibustion groups displaying an organized and uniform arrangement of the mucosa,submucosa,and muscularis propria,without hyperplasia or keratinization.In the model group,the epithelial glands in the gastric mucosa were disordered,with varied cell morphologies,thickened submucosa,and disrupted squamous epithelium that invaded downward into the muscularis propria.In the moxibustion group,the squamous epithelium did not invade the muscularis propria.IHC results showed higher expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in the gastric mucosa of the control+moxibustion group than in the control group(P<0.05)and lower expression levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05).The moxibustion group showed higher CD80 and CD86 levels than those in the model group(P<0.05).Western blotting indicated that CD80 and CD86 levels were higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.05).ELISA results showed higher IL-12 levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05)and higher TNF-βand IFN-γlevels in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Direct moxibustion alleviates the pathological progression of gastric cancer in an MNNGinduced rat model.Its mechanisms may involve effects on the state of antigen-presenting cells,thereby promoting T cell activation and enhancing immune function.展开更多
Objective:To develop a novel artificial antigen-presenting system for efficiently inducing melanoma-specific CD8+CD28+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL） responses.Methods:Cell-sized Dynabeads? M-450 Epoxy beads coated wit...Objective:To develop a novel artificial antigen-presenting system for efficiently inducing melanoma-specific CD8+CD28+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL） responses.Methods:Cell-sized Dynabeads? M-450 Epoxy beads coated with H-2Kb:Ig-TRP2(181111K and anti-CD28 antibody were used as artificial antigen-presenting cells（aAPCs） lo induce melanoma-specific CD8*CD28’ CTL responses with the help of IL-2I and IL-I5.Dimer staining,proliferation,ELISPOT,and cytotoxicity experiments were conducted to evaluate the frequency and activity of induced CTLs.Results:Dimer staining demonstrated that the new artificial antigen-presenting system efficiently induced melanoma TRP2-specific CD8CD28' CTLs.Proliferation and ELISPOT assays indicated that the induced CTLs rapidly proliferate and produce increased IFN- y under the slimulalion of H-2K:Ig-TRP2-aAPCs,TL-15,and IL-21.In addition,cytoloxicily experiments showed lhat induced CTLs have specific killing activity of target cells.Conclusions:The new artificial antigen-presenting system including aAPCs plus IL-21 and IL-15 can induce a large number of antigen-specific CD8+CD28+ CTLs against the melanoma.Our study provides evidence for a novel adoptive immunotherapy against tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aimed to explore the changes of programmed death-ligand 1(PDL1)and programmed death-1(PD-1)expression on antigen-presenting cells(APCs)and evaluate their association with organ failure and mortal...BACKGROUND:This study aimed to explore the changes of programmed death-ligand 1(PDL1)and programmed death-1(PD-1)expression on antigen-presenting cells(APCs)and evaluate their association with organ failure and mortality during early sepsis.METHODS:In total,40 healthy controls and 198 patients with sepsis were included in this study.Peripheral blood was collected within the first 24 h after the diagnosis of sepsis.The expression of PDL1 and PD-1 was determined on APCs,such as B cells,monocytes,and dendritic cells(DCs),by flow cytometry.Cytokines in plasma,such as interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-6,IL-10,and IL-17A were determined by Luminex assay.RESULTS:PD-1 expression decreased significantly on B cells,monocytes,myeloid DCs(mDCs),and plasmacytoid DCs(pDCs)as the severity of sepsis increased.PD-1 expression was also markedly decreased in non-survivors compared with survivors.In contrast,PD-L1 expression was markedly higher on mDCs,pDCs,and monocytes in patients with sepsis than in healthy controls and in non-survivors than in survivors.The PD-L1 expression on APCs(monocytes and DCs)was weakly related to organ dysfunction and infl ammation.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of the PD-1 percentage of monocytes(monocyte PD-1%)+APACHE II model(0.823)and monocyte PD-1%+SOFA model(0.816)had higher prognostic value than other parameters alone.Monocyte PD-1%was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality.CONCLUSION:The severity of sepsis was correlated with PD-L1 or PD-1 over-expression on APCs.PD-L1 in monocytes and DCs was weakly correlated with infl ammation and organ dysfunction during early sepsis.The combination of SOFA or APACHE II scores with monocyte PD-1%could improve the prediction ability for mortality.展开更多
This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging...This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.展开更多
This paper presents the design of an asymmetrically variable wingtip anhedral angles morphing aircraft,inspired by biomimetic mechanisms,to enhance lateral maneuver capability.Firstly,we establish a lateral dynamic mo...This paper presents the design of an asymmetrically variable wingtip anhedral angles morphing aircraft,inspired by biomimetic mechanisms,to enhance lateral maneuver capability.Firstly,we establish a lateral dynamic model considering additional forces and moments resulting during the morphing process,and convert it into a Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)virtual control system by importing virtual inputs.Secondly,a classical dynamics inversion controller is designed for the outer-loop system.A new Global Fast Terminal Incremental Sliding Mode Controller(NDO-GFTISMC)is proposed for the inner-loop system,in which an adaptive law is implemented to weaken control surface chattering,and a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer(NDO)is integrated to compensate for unknown disturbances.The whole control system is proven semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded based on the multi-Lyapunov function method.Furthermore,we consider tracking errors and self-characteristics of actuators,a quadratic programmingbased dynamic control allocation law is designed,which allocates virtual control inputs to the asymmetrically deformed wingtip and rudder.Actuator dynamic models are incorporated to ensure physical realizability of designed allocation law.Finally,comparative experimental results validate the effectiveness of the designed control system and control allocation law.The NDO-GFTISMC features faster convergence,stronger robustness,and 81.25%and 75.0%reduction in maximum state tracking error under uncertainty compared to the Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller based on NDO(NDO-INDI)and Incremental Sliding Mode Controller based on NDO(NDO-ISMC),respectively.The design of the morphing aircraft significantly enhances lateral maneuver capability,maintaining a substantial control margin during lateral maneuvering,reducing the burden of the rudder surface,and effectively solving the actuator saturation problem of traditional aircraft during lateral maneuvering.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application effect of emergency rescue capability intervention among students in a university in Beijing.Methods:A total of 900 students from a university in Beijing in 2023 were selected as t...Objective:To explore the application effect of emergency rescue capability intervention among students in a university in Beijing.Methods:A total of 900 students from a university in Beijing in 2023 were selected as the research objects.Emergency rescue capability training was conducted from March 2023 to June 2023,once a month.The students’mastery of emergency rescue before and after the intervention was analyzed.Survey questionnaires were distributed to all college students to understand their channels and willingness to acquire emergency rescue knowledge.Results:A total of 886 valid questionnaires were collected in this study.The highest proportion of knowledge about China’s general emergency telephone number and how to dial the emergency rescue hotline was 100.00%.Among the strategies for dealing with cardiac arrest in CPR,the highest proportion was 336.34%.Among the four major first aid techniques of hemostasis,bandaging,fixation,transportation,the highest proportion of knowledge about the use of rubber band signs was 31.71%.Among the first aid techniques for heatstroke,poisoning,fire,and sharp instrument injuries,the principle of emergency treatment for severe gas poisoning had the highest proportion of 41.42%,showing significant differences.College students mainly acquire knowledge of emergency rescue capability through TV programs,health education lectures,and the internet.Around 61.40%of college students hope to learn more about prevention and control knowledge.Conclusion:After the intervention of emergency rescue capability,the emergency rescue capability of college students in this university has been significantly improved,showing a strong training effect,which is worthy of promotion.展开更多
An inverse vulcanized polymer,SZIM combining Zn2+-imidazole coordination bonds and polysulfide bonds was synthesized and incorporated into bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to generate EUG-SZIM-xs.The residual cry...An inverse vulcanized polymer,SZIM combining Zn2+-imidazole coordination bonds and polysulfide bonds was synthesized and incorporated into bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to generate EUG-SZIM-xs.The residual crystallinity of the EUG matrix synergistically interacted with the dual cross-linking networks to establish reversible deformation domains,providing EUG-SZIM-xs with quick shape memory capability at moderate temperatures.The damping properties were also investigated,and EUG-SZIM-xs displayed high tanδ values (>0.3) when the SZIM dosage was higher than 5.5 phr,which showed a positive correlation with SZIM concentration.Such good damping performance endowed the EUG-SZIM-xs with broadband low-frequency sound absorption.In addition,the dual cross-linking networks endowed the materials with reprocessability under different catalytic systems,and the 1,8-diazobicyclic[5.4.0]undeca-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed samples exhibited better mechanical properties than EUG-SZIM-xs.展开更多
A comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model takes into account the laser system's heavy reliance on weather conditions and the ...A comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model takes into account the laser system's heavy reliance on weather conditions and the stringent requirements for beam pointing accuracy.It initiates by simulating the laser spot characteristics on target in ground-to-air environments,factoring in the effects of atmospheric turbulence,absorption and scattering through slant transmission paths.Subsequently,a calculation method based on the thermal damage effect of the target material is introduced to quantify the damage ability of the laser system.To further enhance the model's applicability,a method for calculating the laser damage probability based on random crossover theory has been introduced,which takes into account the error of the Acquisition,Tracking and Pointing(ATP)system to estimate the likelihood of successful damage in operation applications.Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in calculating and analyzing the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model offers valuable decision-making insights for users of laser systems operating in lowaltitude atmospheric conditions.Furthermore,it furnishes essential data support for the development and validation of laser systems,ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications.展开更多
The relationship between the neighborhood environment and well-being is attracting increasingly attention from researchers and policymakers,as the goal of development has shift from economy to well-being.However,exist...The relationship between the neighborhood environment and well-being is attracting increasingly attention from researchers and policymakers,as the goal of development has shift from economy to well-being.However,existing literature predominantly adopts the utilitarian approach,understanding well-being as people’s feelings about their lives and viewing the neighborhood environment as resources that benefit well-being.The Capability Approach,a novel approach that conceptualize well-being as the freedoms to do or to be and regard environment as conversion factors that influence well-being,can offer new lens by incorporating human development in-to these topics.This paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework:well-being is conceptualized and measured by capability;neighborhood environment affects well-being by providing spatial services,functioning as environmental conversion factors,and serving as social conversion factors.We conducted a case study of Changshu City located in eastern China,utilizing multiple resource data,applying explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlana-tions(SHAP).Our findings highlight the significance of viewing the neighborhood environment as a set of conversion factors,as it provides more explanatory power than providing spatial services.Compared to conventional research based on linear relationship as-sumption,our results demonstrate that the effects of neighborhood environment on well-being are non-linear,characterized by threshold effects and interaction effects.These insights are crucial for informing urban planning and public policy.This research enriches our un-derstanding of well-being,neighborhood environment,and their relationship as well as provides empirical evidence for the core concept of conversion factors in the capability approach.展开更多
Purpose–To systematically characterize and objectively evaluate basic railway safety management capability,creating a closed-loop management approach which allows continuous improvement and optimization.Design/method...Purpose–To systematically characterize and objectively evaluate basic railway safety management capability,creating a closed-loop management approach which allows continuous improvement and optimization.Design/methodology/approach–A basic railway safety management capability evaluation index system based on a comprehensive analysis of national safety management standards,railway safety rules and regulations and existing safety data from railway transport enterprises is presented.The system comprises a guideline layer including safety committee formation,work safety responsibility,safety management organization and safety rules and regulations as its components,along with an index layer consisting of 12 quantifiable indexes.Game theory combination weighting is utilized to integrate subjective and objective weight values derived using AHP and CRITIC methods and further combined using the TOPSIS method in order to construct a comprehensive basic railway safety management capability evaluation model.Findings–The case study presented demonstrates that this evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation model are capable of effectively characterizing and evaluating basic railway safety management capability and providing directional guidance for its sustained improvement.Originality/value–Construction of an evaluation index system that is quantifiable,generalizable and accessible,accurately reflects the main aspects of railway transportation enterprises’basic safety management capability and provides interoperability across various railway transportation enterprises.The application of the game theoretic combination weighting method to derive composite weights which combine experts’subjective evaluations with the objectivity of data.展开更多
Lizards are one of the most primitive reptiles in existence,with special limb structures that enable them to move quickly across diverse and complex terrains such as rock piles,shallow shoals,and deserts.A thorough ex...Lizards are one of the most primitive reptiles in existence,with special limb structures that enable them to move quickly across diverse and complex terrains such as rock piles,shallow shoals,and deserts.A thorough exploration was conducted on the biomimetic mechanism and ground-touching mechanism of lizard limbs from both micro and macro perspectives.Inspired by the intricate torso and limb configurations of lizards,a novel Torso-leg-foot biomimetic robot has been conceptualized based on the design of the Big-Foot robot.This robot integrates a Torso-leg-foot system,featuring a parallel torso biomimetic structure with a 2-SPR/UPU/UPR(P)configuration.It utilizes the theory of finite screws to articulate the instantaneous movements of the parallel torso,and the inverse kinematics of this mechanism have been calculated.The reachable workspace of the 2-SPR/UPU/UPR parallel mechanism using FIS theory,which is closely related to the climbing height of the robot.A comprehensive dimension synthesis was conducted on the leg-foot system,and the adoption of the three-pair rod drive method was determined by investigating its Variable Rotating Velocity Characteristics(VRVC).Simulation tests have shown that with an integrated torso,the robot can climb vertical obstacles up to 600 mm in height.The experimental tests of climbing steps and slopes using physical prototypes have confirmed the robot's obstacle-crossing capability.The potential applications of this Torso-leg-foot biomimetic robot is to carry heavy objects across obstacles to perform tasks such as planetary exploration and disaster relief.展开更多
The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of ...The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of electrolyte additives,taking into account their solvation and adsorption properties,to achieve the optimal deposition behaviors and electrochemical performance.The three-point coplanar adsorption configuration,in comparison to two-point adsorption,effectively mitigates the interference of water molecules and establishes a coplanar templating effect.This approach fosters a uniform distribution of charges,encourages the preferential orientation growth of(002)planes for uniform zinc deposition.Moreover,an appropriate level of solvation ability can modulate the solvation structure without substantially increasing the de-solvation energy barrier,thereby facilitating faster deposition kinetics than what is observed in cases of strong solvation.As a result,Zn//Zn cell can achieve an excellent performance of more than 3470 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2),and Zn//AC full cell can work for 50000 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Additionally,under practical conditions(N/P=4.37),the assembled Zn//I2 full cell demonstrates stable lifespan for 710 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work showcases the interplay between adsorption configuration of stereoisomeric additives on the cycling.展开更多
There is limited amount of research on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors with self-referencing capabilities which are based on dielectric gratings.In the short-wavelength range,a metal grating sensor is capable of...There is limited amount of research on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors with self-referencing capabilities which are based on dielectric gratings.In the short-wavelength range,a metal grating sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring liquid refractive index under proposed temperature.A fabricated gold grating is placed on one side of a thin gold film for refractive index measurement,while the other with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is deposited on the other side for temperature measurement.We use finite element analysis to research its sensing characteristics.Due to the high refractive index sensitivity of SPR sensors and thermo-optic coefficient of PDMS,we discovered the maximum spectral sensitivity of the sensor is 564 nm/RIU and-50 pm/℃when the liquid refractive index ranges from 1.30 to 1.40 with temperature ranging from 0℃ to 100℃.Numerical results indicate that there may not be mutual interference between two channels for measuring refractive index and temperature,which reduces the complexity of sensor measurements.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81173342Scientific Research Ability Improvement Projects of Hebei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine(now known as Hebei University of Chinese Medicine):KTZ2019012Scientific Research Project of Hebei Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2022361.2021095。
文摘Objective:The preventive and therapeutic effects of direct moxibustion on a gastric cancer rat model induced by the intragastric administration of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)were evaluated.Changes in the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells in gastric tissues as well as related cytokines in serum were evaluated.The aim of the study was to explore the immunological mechanisms by which direct moxibustion may prevent gastric cancer lesions,thereby providing a basis for studies on the immunological mechanisms by which moxibustion prevents tumor development.Methods:Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:Control,control+moxibustion,model,and moxibustion groups.A gastric cancer rat model was induced by intragastric administration of 20 mg/mL MNNG,with a dose of 1 mL/100 g body weight,once daily for 16 weeks.The control+moxibustion and moxibustion groups received direct moxibustion simultaneously with modeling,continuing for 16 weeks.After the experiment,gastric tissue was collected,and morphological changes in the gastric mucosa in each group of rats were observed through H&E staining.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and a western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in gastric tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were used to measure the levels of interleukin-12(IL-12),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-beta(TNF-β)in rat serum.Results:Upon macroscopic observation,the gastric mucosa of rats in the control and control+moxibustion groups appeared uniformly red,with a glossy mucosal surface,normal gastric wall elasticity,and clear,regular mucosal folds,without hyperplasia or bleeding points.In the model group,the gastric mucosa was reduced in volume,the gastric wall thinned,elasticity decreased,mucosal folds were disordered,and yellow-white cauliflower-like lesions and yellow-brown hyperkeratosis were observed.In the moxibustion group,the gastric mucosa showed decreased elasticity,with disordered mucosal folds and granular hyperplasia.After H&E staining,the gastric mucosal structure was clear and intact in the control and control+moxibustion groups displaying an organized and uniform arrangement of the mucosa,submucosa,and muscularis propria,without hyperplasia or keratinization.In the model group,the epithelial glands in the gastric mucosa were disordered,with varied cell morphologies,thickened submucosa,and disrupted squamous epithelium that invaded downward into the muscularis propria.In the moxibustion group,the squamous epithelium did not invade the muscularis propria.IHC results showed higher expression levels of CD80 and CD86 in the gastric mucosa of the control+moxibustion group than in the control group(P<0.05)and lower expression levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05).The moxibustion group showed higher CD80 and CD86 levels than those in the model group(P<0.05).Western blotting indicated that CD80 and CD86 levels were higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.05).ELISA results showed higher IL-12 levels in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05)and higher TNF-βand IFN-γlevels in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Direct moxibustion alleviates the pathological progression of gastric cancer in an MNNGinduced rat model.Its mechanisms may involve effects on the state of antigen-presenting cells,thereby promoting T cell activation and enhancing immune function.
基金supported,in part,by grants from the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NECT-10-0098)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.81072161.81000769.81172139.and 81060183)+3 种基金Programs for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No. IRT1119)Innovative Research Team in Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No.2011-18-5)Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2012jjFA40005)Project of science and technology of Guangxi (1140003A-17)
文摘Objective:To develop a novel artificial antigen-presenting system for efficiently inducing melanoma-specific CD8+CD28+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte（CTL） responses.Methods:Cell-sized Dynabeads? M-450 Epoxy beads coated with H-2Kb:Ig-TRP2(181111K and anti-CD28 antibody were used as artificial antigen-presenting cells（aAPCs） lo induce melanoma-specific CD8*CD28’ CTL responses with the help of IL-2I and IL-I5.Dimer staining,proliferation,ELISPOT,and cytotoxicity experiments were conducted to evaluate the frequency and activity of induced CTLs.Results:Dimer staining demonstrated that the new artificial antigen-presenting system efficiently induced melanoma TRP2-specific CD8CD28' CTLs.Proliferation and ELISPOT assays indicated that the induced CTLs rapidly proliferate and produce increased IFN- y under the slimulalion of H-2K:Ig-TRP2-aAPCs,TL-15,and IL-21.In addition,cytoloxicily experiments showed lhat induced CTLs have specific killing activity of target cells.Conclusions:The new artificial antigen-presenting system including aAPCs plus IL-21 and IL-15 can induce a large number of antigen-specific CD8+CD28+ CTLs against the melanoma.Our study provides evidence for a novel adoptive immunotherapy against tumors.
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aimed to explore the changes of programmed death-ligand 1(PDL1)and programmed death-1(PD-1)expression on antigen-presenting cells(APCs)and evaluate their association with organ failure and mortality during early sepsis.METHODS:In total,40 healthy controls and 198 patients with sepsis were included in this study.Peripheral blood was collected within the first 24 h after the diagnosis of sepsis.The expression of PDL1 and PD-1 was determined on APCs,such as B cells,monocytes,and dendritic cells(DCs),by flow cytometry.Cytokines in plasma,such as interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-6,IL-10,and IL-17A were determined by Luminex assay.RESULTS:PD-1 expression decreased significantly on B cells,monocytes,myeloid DCs(mDCs),and plasmacytoid DCs(pDCs)as the severity of sepsis increased.PD-1 expression was also markedly decreased in non-survivors compared with survivors.In contrast,PD-L1 expression was markedly higher on mDCs,pDCs,and monocytes in patients with sepsis than in healthy controls and in non-survivors than in survivors.The PD-L1 expression on APCs(monocytes and DCs)was weakly related to organ dysfunction and infl ammation.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of the PD-1 percentage of monocytes(monocyte PD-1%)+APACHE II model(0.823)and monocyte PD-1%+SOFA model(0.816)had higher prognostic value than other parameters alone.Monocyte PD-1%was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality.CONCLUSION:The severity of sepsis was correlated with PD-L1 or PD-1 over-expression on APCs.PD-L1 in monocytes and DCs was weakly correlated with infl ammation and organ dysfunction during early sepsis.The combination of SOFA or APACHE II scores with monocyte PD-1%could improve the prediction ability for mortality.
基金State Grid Henan Power Company Science and Technology Project‘Key Technology and Demonstration Application of Multi-Domain Electric Vehicle Aggregated Charging Load Dispatch’(5217L0240003).
文摘This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62103052 and No.52175214)。
文摘This paper presents the design of an asymmetrically variable wingtip anhedral angles morphing aircraft,inspired by biomimetic mechanisms,to enhance lateral maneuver capability.Firstly,we establish a lateral dynamic model considering additional forces and moments resulting during the morphing process,and convert it into a Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)virtual control system by importing virtual inputs.Secondly,a classical dynamics inversion controller is designed for the outer-loop system.A new Global Fast Terminal Incremental Sliding Mode Controller(NDO-GFTISMC)is proposed for the inner-loop system,in which an adaptive law is implemented to weaken control surface chattering,and a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer(NDO)is integrated to compensate for unknown disturbances.The whole control system is proven semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded based on the multi-Lyapunov function method.Furthermore,we consider tracking errors and self-characteristics of actuators,a quadratic programmingbased dynamic control allocation law is designed,which allocates virtual control inputs to the asymmetrically deformed wingtip and rudder.Actuator dynamic models are incorporated to ensure physical realizability of designed allocation law.Finally,comparative experimental results validate the effectiveness of the designed control system and control allocation law.The NDO-GFTISMC features faster convergence,stronger robustness,and 81.25%and 75.0%reduction in maximum state tracking error under uncertainty compared to the Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller based on NDO(NDO-INDI)and Incremental Sliding Mode Controller based on NDO(NDO-ISMC),respectively.The design of the morphing aircraft significantly enhances lateral maneuver capability,maintaining a substantial control margin during lateral maneuvering,reducing the burden of the rudder surface,and effectively solving the actuator saturation problem of traditional aircraft during lateral maneuvering.
文摘Objective:To explore the application effect of emergency rescue capability intervention among students in a university in Beijing.Methods:A total of 900 students from a university in Beijing in 2023 were selected as the research objects.Emergency rescue capability training was conducted from March 2023 to June 2023,once a month.The students’mastery of emergency rescue before and after the intervention was analyzed.Survey questionnaires were distributed to all college students to understand their channels and willingness to acquire emergency rescue knowledge.Results:A total of 886 valid questionnaires were collected in this study.The highest proportion of knowledge about China’s general emergency telephone number and how to dial the emergency rescue hotline was 100.00%.Among the strategies for dealing with cardiac arrest in CPR,the highest proportion was 336.34%.Among the four major first aid techniques of hemostasis,bandaging,fixation,transportation,the highest proportion of knowledge about the use of rubber band signs was 31.71%.Among the first aid techniques for heatstroke,poisoning,fire,and sharp instrument injuries,the principle of emergency treatment for severe gas poisoning had the highest proportion of 41.42%,showing significant differences.College students mainly acquire knowledge of emergency rescue capability through TV programs,health education lectures,and the internet.Around 61.40%of college students hope to learn more about prevention and control knowledge.Conclusion:After the intervention of emergency rescue capability,the emergency rescue capability of college students in this university has been significantly improved,showing a strong training effect,which is worthy of promotion.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ7392)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52463002)+1 种基金Educational Commission of Hunan Province(No.22A0383)Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(No.2020SK2028).
文摘An inverse vulcanized polymer,SZIM combining Zn2+-imidazole coordination bonds and polysulfide bonds was synthesized and incorporated into bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to generate EUG-SZIM-xs.The residual crystallinity of the EUG matrix synergistically interacted with the dual cross-linking networks to establish reversible deformation domains,providing EUG-SZIM-xs with quick shape memory capability at moderate temperatures.The damping properties were also investigated,and EUG-SZIM-xs displayed high tanδ values (>0.3) when the SZIM dosage was higher than 5.5 phr,which showed a positive correlation with SZIM concentration.Such good damping performance endowed the EUG-SZIM-xs with broadband low-frequency sound absorption.In addition,the dual cross-linking networks endowed the materials with reprocessability under different catalytic systems,and the 1,8-diazobicyclic[5.4.0]undeca-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed samples exhibited better mechanical properties than EUG-SZIM-xs.
基金co-supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.2022-SKJJ-C-037)the Ministerial-level Funding Project,China(JY2023A016)。
文摘A comprehensive model is proposed to evaluate the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model takes into account the laser system's heavy reliance on weather conditions and the stringent requirements for beam pointing accuracy.It initiates by simulating the laser spot characteristics on target in ground-to-air environments,factoring in the effects of atmospheric turbulence,absorption and scattering through slant transmission paths.Subsequently,a calculation method based on the thermal damage effect of the target material is introduced to quantify the damage ability of the laser system.To further enhance the model's applicability,a method for calculating the laser damage probability based on random crossover theory has been introduced,which takes into account the error of the Acquisition,Tracking and Pointing(ATP)system to estimate the likelihood of successful damage in operation applications.Theoretical analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in calculating and analyzing the damage capability of laser system in ground-air defense environments.This model offers valuable decision-making insights for users of laser systems operating in lowaltitude atmospheric conditions.Furthermore,it furnishes essential data support for the development and validation of laser systems,ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271230,42330510)。
文摘The relationship between the neighborhood environment and well-being is attracting increasingly attention from researchers and policymakers,as the goal of development has shift from economy to well-being.However,existing literature predominantly adopts the utilitarian approach,understanding well-being as people’s feelings about their lives and viewing the neighborhood environment as resources that benefit well-being.The Capability Approach,a novel approach that conceptualize well-being as the freedoms to do or to be and regard environment as conversion factors that influence well-being,can offer new lens by incorporating human development in-to these topics.This paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework:well-being is conceptualized and measured by capability;neighborhood environment affects well-being by providing spatial services,functioning as environmental conversion factors,and serving as social conversion factors.We conducted a case study of Changshu City located in eastern China,utilizing multiple resource data,applying explainable artificial intelligence(XAI),namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlana-tions(SHAP).Our findings highlight the significance of viewing the neighborhood environment as a set of conversion factors,as it provides more explanatory power than providing spatial services.Compared to conventional research based on linear relationship as-sumption,our results demonstrate that the effects of neighborhood environment on well-being are non-linear,characterized by threshold effects and interaction effects.These insights are crucial for informing urban planning and public policy.This research enriches our un-derstanding of well-being,neighborhood environment,and their relationship as well as provides empirical evidence for the core concept of conversion factors in the capability approach.
基金supported by the China National Railway Group Co.,Ltd.Research and Development Project(P2023T002).
文摘Purpose–To systematically characterize and objectively evaluate basic railway safety management capability,creating a closed-loop management approach which allows continuous improvement and optimization.Design/methodology/approach–A basic railway safety management capability evaluation index system based on a comprehensive analysis of national safety management standards,railway safety rules and regulations and existing safety data from railway transport enterprises is presented.The system comprises a guideline layer including safety committee formation,work safety responsibility,safety management organization and safety rules and regulations as its components,along with an index layer consisting of 12 quantifiable indexes.Game theory combination weighting is utilized to integrate subjective and objective weight values derived using AHP and CRITIC methods and further combined using the TOPSIS method in order to construct a comprehensive basic railway safety management capability evaluation model.Findings–The case study presented demonstrates that this evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation model are capable of effectively characterizing and evaluating basic railway safety management capability and providing directional guidance for its sustained improvement.Originality/value–Construction of an evaluation index system that is quantifiable,generalizable and accessible,accurately reflects the main aspects of railway transportation enterprises’basic safety management capability and provides interoperability across various railway transportation enterprises.The application of the game theoretic combination weighting method to derive composite weights which combine experts’subjective evaluations with the objectivity of data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52205007).
文摘Lizards are one of the most primitive reptiles in existence,with special limb structures that enable them to move quickly across diverse and complex terrains such as rock piles,shallow shoals,and deserts.A thorough exploration was conducted on the biomimetic mechanism and ground-touching mechanism of lizard limbs from both micro and macro perspectives.Inspired by the intricate torso and limb configurations of lizards,a novel Torso-leg-foot biomimetic robot has been conceptualized based on the design of the Big-Foot robot.This robot integrates a Torso-leg-foot system,featuring a parallel torso biomimetic structure with a 2-SPR/UPU/UPR(P)configuration.It utilizes the theory of finite screws to articulate the instantaneous movements of the parallel torso,and the inverse kinematics of this mechanism have been calculated.The reachable workspace of the 2-SPR/UPU/UPR parallel mechanism using FIS theory,which is closely related to the climbing height of the robot.A comprehensive dimension synthesis was conducted on the leg-foot system,and the adoption of the three-pair rod drive method was determined by investigating its Variable Rotating Velocity Characteristics(VRVC).Simulation tests have shown that with an integrated torso,the robot can climb vertical obstacles up to 600 mm in height.The experimental tests of climbing steps and slopes using physical prototypes have confirmed the robot's obstacle-crossing capability.The potential applications of this Torso-leg-foot biomimetic robot is to carry heavy objects across obstacles to perform tasks such as planetary exploration and disaster relief.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ20064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222).
文摘The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of electrolyte additives,taking into account their solvation and adsorption properties,to achieve the optimal deposition behaviors and electrochemical performance.The three-point coplanar adsorption configuration,in comparison to two-point adsorption,effectively mitigates the interference of water molecules and establishes a coplanar templating effect.This approach fosters a uniform distribution of charges,encourages the preferential orientation growth of(002)planes for uniform zinc deposition.Moreover,an appropriate level of solvation ability can modulate the solvation structure without substantially increasing the de-solvation energy barrier,thereby facilitating faster deposition kinetics than what is observed in cases of strong solvation.As a result,Zn//Zn cell can achieve an excellent performance of more than 3470 h at 2 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2),and Zn//AC full cell can work for 50000 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Additionally,under practical conditions(N/P=4.37),the assembled Zn//I2 full cell demonstrates stable lifespan for 710 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This work showcases the interplay between adsorption configuration of stereoisomeric additives on the cycling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52276094)the Education Project of Hunan Provincial Department(Nos.20B602 and 22C0112)+2 种基金the Industry University Education Cooperation Project(No.230803117185211)the Research Project on Teaching Reform in Ordinary Undergraduate Universities in Hunan Province(No.202401000142)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2020JJ4935)。
文摘There is limited amount of research on surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors with self-referencing capabilities which are based on dielectric gratings.In the short-wavelength range,a metal grating sensor is capable of simultaneously measuring liquid refractive index under proposed temperature.A fabricated gold grating is placed on one side of a thin gold film for refractive index measurement,while the other with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is deposited on the other side for temperature measurement.We use finite element analysis to research its sensing characteristics.Due to the high refractive index sensitivity of SPR sensors and thermo-optic coefficient of PDMS,we discovered the maximum spectral sensitivity of the sensor is 564 nm/RIU and-50 pm/℃when the liquid refractive index ranges from 1.30 to 1.40 with temperature ranging from 0℃ to 100℃.Numerical results indicate that there may not be mutual interference between two channels for measuring refractive index and temperature,which reduces the complexity of sensor measurements.
