Glioblastoma(GBM)remains a major clinical challenge due to limited therapeutic success despite standard treatments including surgery,radiotherapy,and temozolomide(TMZ).Recent evidence links hyperglycemia to cancer pro...Glioblastoma(GBM)remains a major clinical challenge due to limited therapeutic success despite standard treatments including surgery,radiotherapy,and temozolomide(TMZ).Recent evidence links hyperglycemia to cancer progression,and altered glucose metabolism has emerged as a key factor in GBM development.Metformin,an antidiabetic drug,has shown promise in improving survival in GBM patients,possibly due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and target metabolic pathways involved in tumor growth.Preclinical studies suggest metformin may enhance TMZ efficacy by acting on glioma stem cells and overcoming resistance mechanisms.Its activation of AMPK and modulation of Wnt signaling further support its therapeutic potential.However,while early studies and clinical trials have explored metformin’s safety and efficacy,its direct impact on GBM survival remains unclear.Ongoing research aims to clarify its mechanisms and identify responsive patient subgroups.Novel strategies,including PPARγagonists and nanoerythrosome-based drug delivery systems,are also under investigation to improve metformin’s therapeutic profile.Rigorous clinical trials and mechanistic studies are essential to determine the role of metformin as adjunct therapy in GBM treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that commonly used antidiabetic drugs have varying effects on cancer risk.Some antidiabetics offer protective effects against cancer,whereas others may increase risk in specific po...BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that commonly used antidiabetic drugs have varying effects on cancer risk.Some antidiabetics offer protective effects against cancer,whereas others may increase risk in specific populations.AIM To comprehensively compare the effects of different antidiabetic drugs on the risk of various cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.METHODS Four databases(PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science)were searched from their inception until April 11,2025.Published randomized controlled trials that enrolled at least 100 participants and had an intervention duration of at least 1 year were included.The inclusion criteria were studies involving adult patients with T2DM and interventions that compared different classes of antidiabetic drugs with a placebo or another antidiabetic drug.Network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.Confidence in network meta-analysis was used to assess the quality of evidence regarding the risk of cancer associated with different antidiabetic drugs.RESULTS A total of 13535 articles were identified.After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria,87 high-quality studies involving 216106 patients and 26 different drugs across seven classes were included in this study.Indirect evidence from network meta-analysis revealed some heterogeneity;however,this did not affect the reliability of the results.The results indicated that antidiabetic drugs did not increase the overall risk of cancer compared with placebo.In contrast,some antidiabetic medications demonstrated a more pronounced advantage in reducing cancer risk,such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for thyroid and rectal cancers;sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors for lung and bronchial cancers;sulfonylureas for gastric and colon cancers;biguanides for pancreatic cancer;insulin for bladder cancer;glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for prostate,uterine,hepatocellular,renal,and hematologic cancers;and thiazolidinediones for breast cancer.CONCLUSION Antidiabetic drugs reduce cancer risk in patients with T2DM.However,given the limitations in the number and quality of the included studies,our conclusions should be interpreted with caution.More large-scale,high-quality clinical trials are required to validate our findings towards the optimization of comprehensive cancer management strategies for patients with T2DM.展开更多
Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme...Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal glucose production. Plant-derived natural antioxidant molecules are considered a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. The objective of this study was to identify tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids and evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis indicated the presence of rutin as a major component and quercitrin as a minor component of both digested and non-digested flavonoids. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity, but digested flavonoids showed reduced activity compared to non-digested. There were some decreases of the antioxidant activities（2,2＇-azino-bis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt（ABTS）, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy（DPPH） radical, and ferric reducing antioxidant power（FRAP）） of digested tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids compared with non-digested. Flavonoids from both groups significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species（ROS） production and α-glucosidase activity. Both digested and non-digested flavonoids markedly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in Hep G2 cells. Tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids showed appreciable antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, even after digestion. Tartary buckwheat rice appears to be a promising functional food with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly este...Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana(A.africana)and its beneficial effect on haematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Method...Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana(A.africana)and its beneficial effect on haematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:A total of 30 rats including 24 diabetic and 6 normal rats were used for this study.Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.After being confirmed diabetic,animals were orally treated with distilled water or extracts at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days.The haematological parameters including red blood and white blood cells and their functional indices were evaluated in diabetic treated groups compared with the controls.Results:The extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels while the best result was obtained at 200 mg/kg body weight The feed and water intake in diabetic rats were significantly reduced while weight loss was minimized at both dosages.Similarly,the levels of red blood,white blood cells and their functional indices were significantly improved after extract administration at both doses.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of bark of A.africana possesses antihyperglycemic properties.In addition,the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haematological parameters.Further experimental investigation is needed to exploit its relevant therapeutic effect to substantiate its ethnomedicinal usage.展开更多
Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (A.lamarckii) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test was done ...Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (A.lamarckii) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test was done by inducing hyperglycemic state via administration of glucose in water(2 g/kg).Single dose of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarckii(250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.) were administered to normoglycemic,hyperglycemic rats.Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide(110 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin(65 mg/kg).The study also included estimations of blood plasma glucose,lipid profile,liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in normal and diabetic rats.Results:Admistration of alcoholic extract of A.lamarekii at two dosage 250 and 500 rag/kg,p.o.did not showed any significant change in blood glucose level of normoglycemic rats(P】0.05).whereas,oral glucose tolerance test depicted reduction in blood glucose level(P【0.05).The streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats, significantly decreased the blood plasma glucose level(P【0.001) comparable to glibenclamide (10 mg/kg),restored the lipid profile and showed improvement in liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in diabetic rats.Conclusions:Present finding demonstrated the significant antidiabetic activity of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarekii.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth.bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:Group-Ⅰ(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any tre...Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth.bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:Group-Ⅰ(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any treatment.In Group-Ⅱ(Diabetic control) mice,diabetes was induced by alloxan(150 mg/kg i.p.) and received only Tween 80.5%v/v in normal saline. Group-Ⅲand Group-Ⅳmice received metformin(10 mg/kg) and gliclazide(10 mg/kg) as standard drugs.Group-ⅤandⅥmice received methanolic bark extract of Albizia odoratissima at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight p.o.,respectively.Results:The results of the study indicates that Albizia odoratissima bark extract significantly(P【0.01) reduced the blood sugar level.The bark extract also significantly reduced the levels of serum cholesterol,triglycerides, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and decreases level of total proteins in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima has protective effects on the protection of vital tissues(pancreas,kidney,liver,heart and spleen),thereby reducing the causation of diabetes in experimental animals.展开更多
Epicardial adipose tissue is defined as a deposit of adipocytes with pathophysiological properties similar to those of visceral fat, located in the space between the myocardial muscle and the pericardial sac. When com...Epicardial adipose tissue is defined as a deposit of adipocytes with pathophysiological properties similar to those of visceral fat, located in the space between the myocardial muscle and the pericardial sac. When compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipocytes show higher metabolic activity, lipolysis rates, increased insulin resistance along with more steroid hormone receptors. The epicardial adipose tissue interacts with numerous cardiovascular pathways via vasocrine and paracrine signalling comprised of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion. Both the physiological differences be-tween the two tissue types, as well as the fact that fat distribution and phenotype, rather than quantity, affect cardiovascular function and metabolic processes, establish epicardial fat as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Numerous studies have underlined an association of altered epicardial fat morphology, type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and adverse cardiovascular events. In this review, we explore the prospect of using the epicardial adipose tissue as a therapeutic target in T2 DM and describe the underlying mechanisms by which the antidiabetic drugs affect the pathophysiological processes induced from adipose tissue accumulation and possibly allow for more favourable cardiovascular outcomes though epicardial fat manipulation.展开更多
Objective:To explore antidiabetic principles of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranlhus micranthus Linn,parasitic on Persea Americana.Methods:The weakly acidic fraction of the aqueous methanol extract of the leaves of...Objective:To explore antidiabetic principles of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranlhus micranthus Linn,parasitic on Persea Americana.Methods:The weakly acidic fraction of the aqueous methanol extract of the leaves of Loranlhus micranthus(Linn.) was isolated and tested for its antidiabetic activities.The isolation of the weakly acidic fraction was carried out following established physico-chemical based procedures.Furthermore,alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated intraperitoneally(ip) with 250 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the weakly acidic fraction, glibenclamide 10 mg/kg(positive control) and 2 mg/kg of 3%v/v tween 20(negative control).The sugar levels of the treated and untreated animals were determined by withdrawing the blood at regular intervals and testing them with an automated glucometer.The phytochemical analysis of the acidic fraction was carried out using standard procedures.Chromatographic techniques were employed in the subsequent isolation and purification of the constituents of the weakly acidic fraction.Results:It was shown that the maximum effect of the weakly acidic fraction was obtained at 24 hours after administration and was found to be statistically comparable with that of the positive control.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids,terpenoids, alkaloids,flavonoids,glycosides,carbohydrates,saponins,and acidic compounds in the crude extract and carbohydrates,flavonoids.terpenoids and oil in the weakly acidic fraction.Further purification of the weakly acidic fraction of the methanol extract using thin layer chromatography shows that toluene:methanol:diethyl amine(3:1:1) and chloroform:methanol:diethyl amine (9:1:1) are the best solvent system for the isolation of the various components of the weakly acidic fraction of the crude methanol extract of Loranlhus micranthus.Conclusions:The present study has led to the conclusion that the weakly acidic fraction of the plant under study has the potent antidiabetic activity and that the various components can be isolated using basic chromatographic techniques.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic property of Merremia emarginata(M.emarginata) Burm.F.plant in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:The dose dependent effects of 28 days oral treatment with methanol e...Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic property of Merremia emarginata(M.emarginata) Burm.F.plant in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:The dose dependent effects of 28 days oral treatment with methanol extract(100,200 and 400 mg/kg) from the plant oi M.emarginata on blood glucose level,body weight,insulin,total hemoglobin,glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C),total protein,serum urea,serum creatinine and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Histology of pancreas was also studied.Results:A significant decrease in blood glucose,serum urea and serum creatinine and significant increase in body weight,insulin and protein level were observed in diabetic rats treated with M.emarginata.Treatment with M.emarginata resulted in a significant reduction of HbAlC and an increase in total hemoglobin level.The activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes such as hexokinase were significantly increased whereas glucose-6phosphatase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased by the administration of M.emarginata in diabetic rats.Histology of diabetic rats treated with M.emarginata showed the pancreatic β-cells regeneration.Conclusions:These findings suggest that M.emarginata has potent antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.展开更多
Objective:To determine the season in which the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus,parasitic on Persea americana possesses optimum antidiabetic activity and to determine the seasonal variation in the consti...Objective:To determine the season in which the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus,parasitic on Persea americana possesses optimum antidiabetic activity and to determine the seasonal variation in the constituents.Methods:The antidiabetic activities of the aqueous methanol extracts of the leaves of Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus, harvested in two seasons of the year,the onset of rainy season(April) and the peak of rainy season(July) were compared.The tests were carried out on six(6) groups(A-F) of alloxaninduced diabetic rats.Groups A and B received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the April sample extracts respectively while groups C and D received same doses of the July sample extracts. Group E and F which were the positive and negative controls received 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide and 2 ml/kg of 3%tween 20 respectively.The blood glucose levels of the animals were monitored hourly with a glucometer for six hours.The phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts were also carried out by standard procedures.Results:The results showed that group A and B exhibited significant(P【0.05) percentage reduction in the fasting blood sugar(FBS) level of the animals(38.9%and 39.2%respectively) with maximum reduction observed at the 5th and 6th hour respectively compared to glibenclamide(71.3%).Group C showed no significant (P】0.05) FBS reduction(15.9%) while group D exhibited highly significant(P【0.01) reduction (47.5%) with the maximum reduction occurring after 6 hours.The phytochemical analysis of the crude methanol extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates,glycosides,saponins, tannins,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids,acidic compounds,resins and oils.These were present in different proportions in both seasons.Conclusions:This study shows that there is a seasonal, dose-dependent variation in the chemical composition viz-a-viz the antidiabetic activity of the plant under study.This activity is highest at the peak of the rainy season.展开更多
Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg...Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Methods:Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study(i.e.3 weeks).Other parameters e.g.liver profile,renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs(pancreas,liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment Results:Daily oral administration DIME(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide(10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P【0.001) as well as improving kidney,liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group.Furthermore,the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas,liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes. Conclusions:D.indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight,liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels.DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ...Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ at 60 mg/kg body weight i.p.The blood glucose level was checked before and 72 h after STZ injection to confirm the development ot diabetes.The flower extract and glibenclamide were administered orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days.Results:Daily oral treatment with the extract and standard drug for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose,serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.High density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be improved(P<0.01) as compared to diabetic control group.Conclusions:It is concluded that Kigellia pinnata flowers extract have significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea methanolic leaves extract.Methods:The antidiabetic study was performed by measuring blood glucose level with elegance glucometer at w...Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea methanolic leaves extract.Methods:The antidiabetic study was performed by measuring blood glucose level with elegance glucometer at weekly intervals i.e.0,7,14 and 21 in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Total cholesterol,triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were determined in normal and streptozotocin induces diabetic rats by autoanalyser.Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg.Results:After the oral administration of extracts at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for three weeks,blood glucose levels and body weights were significantly improved(P【0.01).Daily oral treatment with the extract also resulted in significantly reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides.HDL-cholesterol level was found to be improved to(P【0.01).Conclusions:The Cassia siamea leaf extract is useful in controlling blood glucose level as well as improving lipid metabolism and body weight in rats with induced diabetes.展开更多
Processing bioactive peptides from natural sources using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes(EDUF)have gained attention since it can fractionate in terms of their charge and molecular weight.Quinoa is a pse...Processing bioactive peptides from natural sources using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes(EDUF)have gained attention since it can fractionate in terms of their charge and molecular weight.Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal highlighted by its high protein content,amino acid profile and adapting growing conditions.The present work aimed at the production of quinoa peptides through fractionation using EDUF and to test the fractions according to antihypertensive and antidiabetic activity.Experimental data showed the production of peptides ranging between 0.4 and 1.5 k Da.Cationic(CQPF)(3.01%),anionic(AQPF)(1.18%)and the electrically neutral fraction quinoa protein hydrolysate(QPH)-EDUF(~95%)were obtained.In-vitro studies showed the highest glucose uptake modulation in L6 cell skeletal myoblasts in presence of QPH-EDUF and AQPF(17%and 11%)indicating potential antidiabetic activity.The antihypertensive effect studied in-vivo in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure in presence of the fractionated peptides,being 100 mg/kg a dose comparable to Captopril(positive control).These results contribute to the current knowledge of bioactive peptides from quinoa by reporting the relevance of EDUF as tool to produce selected peptide fractions.Nevertheless,further characterization is needed towards peptide sequencing,their respective role in the metabolism and scaling-up production using EDUF.展开更多
Objective:To profile the secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius.Methods:The various hydroethanolic extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius...Objective:To profile the secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius.Methods:The various hydroethanolic extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius leaf were prepared by ultrasonication assisted freezedrying.Total phenolic contents,flavonoid contents,antioxidant activity,α-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibitions of leaf extracts were determined.The metabolite profiling was accomplished by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis.The antidiabetic assessment of the most potent extract was carried out by measuring the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in the high fat diet-fed diabetic albino mice.The blood glucose level,haemoglobin,total cholesterol,high-density lipoproteins(HDL)and low-density lipoproteins(LDL)were determined.Results:The 60%ethanolic extract exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of(349.39±2.13)mg GAE/g dry extract and(116.95±2.34)mg RE/g dry extracts,respectively,and the highest DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of(32.87±1.11)μg/mL.The IC50 values forα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibitions were(38.64±0.93)μg/mL and(44.80±1.57)μg/mL,respectively.UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of gallic acid,ellagic acid,corilagin,kaempherol-3-O-rutinoside,caffeic acid derivative,isorhamnetin and galloyl derivatives in the 60%ethanolic extract.Plant extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg body weight reduced blood glucose level,total cholesterol,LDL and HDL,and increased haemoglobin in alloxan-induced diabetic mice,Conclusions:Conocarpus lancifolius leaves are proved as a good source of biologically functional metabolites and possess antidiabetic activity which may be further explored to treat diabetes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from Vietnamese red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea.Methods:The seaweed Laurencia dendroidea was extracted by using microwave-...Objective:To investigate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from Vietnamese red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea.Methods:The seaweed Laurencia dendroidea was extracted by using microwave-assisted extraction method in 80%methanol.The seaweed extract was then fractionated using different solvents(n-hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,butanol and water).These obtained fractions were evaluated forα-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH,nitric oxide radical scavenging and metal chelating assays.The enzyme inhibition mode was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot.For acidic and thermal stabilities,the ethyl acetate fraction was treated at pH 2.0 and 100℃,respectively.The residual inhibitory activity of the fraction was calculated based on the initial inhibitory activity.For in vivo antidiabetic activity,mice were divided into four groups,including normal control,diabetic control,diabetic mice treated with ethyl acetate fraction and diabetic mice treated with gliclazide.Blood glucose level of treated mice during acute and prolonged treatments was measured.To evaluate the toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction,the body weight changes and activities of liver function enzymes(aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase and gammaglutamyl transferase)were carried out.Results:The extract of Laurencia dendroidea showed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities.Methanolic concentrations affected bothα-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.A 80%aqueous methanol was the suitable solvent for extraction of enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants.Among solvent fractions,ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory activities againstα-glucosidase with a mixed type of inhibition and the strongest antioxidant activities,and was stable under acidic and thermal conditions.The ethyl acetate fraction treated diabetic mice significantly reduced blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group(13.16 mmol/L vs.22.75 mmol/L after 3 hours of treatment).Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction did not exhibit toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight as determined by body weight changes and liver biochemical parameters.Conclusions:Laurencia dendroidea could be a potential source for production of antidiabetic and antioxidative agents.展开更多
Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous...Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous decoctions prepared from dried leaves powder were administrated to guinea pigs at the dose range of 100 mg/kg to 3.2 g/kg of body weight.The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by glucose tolerance test,loading animals with glucose 4 g/kg and measuring blood glucose concentrations at various times.The effect was compared to the control and glibenclamide as antidiabetic reference drug.Acute toxicity was evaluated by recording mortality rate,changes on blood biomarkers and damage caused to vital organs.Results:At a dose of 100 mg/kg,the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of peak concentration at 30 min after glucose loading as compared with control or reference(P<0.05).At doses greater than 400 mg,some alterations on blood,kidney and liver markers were observed.Upper 800 mg/kg,mortality was observed with LD_(50)estimated at about 1280 mg/kg.At the autopsy,vital organs were in haemorrhage and swelling state.Conclusion:The crude aqueous extracts from the leaves of Physalis peruviana L.present hypoglycemic aclivily in animal model,but at high doses the plant may cause severe intoxication.展开更多
The detrimental effects of constant hyperglycemia on neural function have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Some of the hallmark features of diabetic encephalopathy (...The detrimental effects of constant hyperglycemia on neural function have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Some of the hallmark features of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) are impaired synaptic adaptation and diminished spatial learning capacity. Chronic and progressive cognitive dysfunction, perpetuated by several positive feedback mechanisms in diabetic subjects, facilitates the development of early-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the numerous clinical manifestations of DE having been described in detail and their pathophysiological substrate having been elucidated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, an effective therapeutic approach is yet to be proposed. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the growing body of evidence concerning the effect of current antidiabetic treatment options on diabetic and non-DE.展开更多
Chronic liver disease (CLD) often coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus, making diabetes management a challenge to the clinician. It is well known that liver is the major site of drug metabolism, and, therefore, its ...Chronic liver disease (CLD) often coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus, making diabetes management a challenge to the clinician. It is well known that liver is the major site of drug metabolism, and, therefore, its impairment affects hepatic metabolism of many antidiabetic agents. Furthermore, patients with CLD have serious comorbidities such as impaired renal function, hypoalbuminemia, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia and malnutrition, making their treatment even more difficult. On the other hand, most of the antidiabetic agents, with the exception of insulin, need dosage titration due to alterations to their pharmacokinetics in patients with CLD. For well-established antidiabetic treatments, like metformin and sulfonylureas there are studies regarding their dosage chance in these patients. However, despite the growing problem of management of diabetes in patients with CLD the existing literature data, especially on newer antidiabetic agents, are limited and, furthermore, no direct guidelines exist. Therefore, in the present review article we try to summarize the existing literature data regarding management of diabetes in patients with CLD.展开更多
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)remains a major clinical challenge due to limited therapeutic success despite standard treatments including surgery,radiotherapy,and temozolomide(TMZ).Recent evidence links hyperglycemia to cancer progression,and altered glucose metabolism has emerged as a key factor in GBM development.Metformin,an antidiabetic drug,has shown promise in improving survival in GBM patients,possibly due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and target metabolic pathways involved in tumor growth.Preclinical studies suggest metformin may enhance TMZ efficacy by acting on glioma stem cells and overcoming resistance mechanisms.Its activation of AMPK and modulation of Wnt signaling further support its therapeutic potential.However,while early studies and clinical trials have explored metformin’s safety and efficacy,its direct impact on GBM survival remains unclear.Ongoing research aims to clarify its mechanisms and identify responsive patient subgroups.Novel strategies,including PPARγagonists and nanoerythrosome-based drug delivery systems,are also under investigation to improve metformin’s therapeutic profile.Rigorous clinical trials and mechanistic studies are essential to determine the role of metformin as adjunct therapy in GBM treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82305205Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association of Chinese Medicine,No.2023-QNRC2-A05+1 种基金Safeguard Project of Guang’anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.GAMHH9324001Special Program for the Training of Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Under the Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.ZZ18-YQ-011.
文摘BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that commonly used antidiabetic drugs have varying effects on cancer risk.Some antidiabetics offer protective effects against cancer,whereas others may increase risk in specific populations.AIM To comprehensively compare the effects of different antidiabetic drugs on the risk of various cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.METHODS Four databases(PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science)were searched from their inception until April 11,2025.Published randomized controlled trials that enrolled at least 100 participants and had an intervention duration of at least 1 year were included.The inclusion criteria were studies involving adult patients with T2DM and interventions that compared different classes of antidiabetic drugs with a placebo or another antidiabetic drug.Network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.Confidence in network meta-analysis was used to assess the quality of evidence regarding the risk of cancer associated with different antidiabetic drugs.RESULTS A total of 13535 articles were identified.After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria,87 high-quality studies involving 216106 patients and 26 different drugs across seven classes were included in this study.Indirect evidence from network meta-analysis revealed some heterogeneity;however,this did not affect the reliability of the results.The results indicated that antidiabetic drugs did not increase the overall risk of cancer compared with placebo.In contrast,some antidiabetic medications demonstrated a more pronounced advantage in reducing cancer risk,such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for thyroid and rectal cancers;sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors for lung and bronchial cancers;sulfonylureas for gastric and colon cancers;biguanides for pancreatic cancer;insulin for bladder cancer;glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for prostate,uterine,hepatocellular,renal,and hematologic cancers;and thiazolidinediones for breast cancer.CONCLUSION Antidiabetic drugs reduce cancer risk in patients with T2DM.However,given the limitations in the number and quality of the included studies,our conclusions should be interpreted with caution.More large-scale,high-quality clinical trials are required to validate our findings towards the optimization of comprehensive cancer management strategies for patients with T2DM.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Plan(No.D151100004015002)the Research Foundation of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province(No.Y201328143),China
文摘Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal glucose production. Plant-derived natural antioxidant molecules are considered a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. The objective of this study was to identify tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids and evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis indicated the presence of rutin as a major component and quercitrin as a minor component of both digested and non-digested flavonoids. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity, but digested flavonoids showed reduced activity compared to non-digested. There were some decreases of the antioxidant activities（2,2＇-azino-bis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt（ABTS）, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy（DPPH） radical, and ferric reducing antioxidant power（FRAP）） of digested tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids compared with non-digested. Flavonoids from both groups significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species（ROS） production and α-glucosidase activity. Both digested and non-digested flavonoids markedly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in Hep G2 cells. Tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids showed appreciable antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, even after digestion. Tartary buckwheat rice appears to be a promising functional food with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.
基金financially supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi
文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous extract of stem bark of Afzelia africana(A.africana)and its beneficial effect on haematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:A total of 30 rats including 24 diabetic and 6 normal rats were used for this study.Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.After being confirmed diabetic,animals were orally treated with distilled water or extracts at 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days.The haematological parameters including red blood and white blood cells and their functional indices were evaluated in diabetic treated groups compared with the controls.Results:The extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels while the best result was obtained at 200 mg/kg body weight The feed and water intake in diabetic rats were significantly reduced while weight loss was minimized at both dosages.Similarly,the levels of red blood,white blood cells and their functional indices were significantly improved after extract administration at both doses.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of bark of A.africana possesses antihyperglycemic properties.In addition,the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haematological parameters.Further experimental investigation is needed to exploit its relevant therapeutic effect to substantiate its ethnomedicinal usage.
基金University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,for providing the financial assistance to Mr. Rajesh Kumar
文摘Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (A.lamarckii) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test was done by inducing hyperglycemic state via administration of glucose in water(2 g/kg).Single dose of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarckii(250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.) were administered to normoglycemic,hyperglycemic rats.Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide(110 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin(65 mg/kg).The study also included estimations of blood plasma glucose,lipid profile,liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in normal and diabetic rats.Results:Admistration of alcoholic extract of A.lamarekii at two dosage 250 and 500 rag/kg,p.o.did not showed any significant change in blood glucose level of normoglycemic rats(P】0.05).whereas,oral glucose tolerance test depicted reduction in blood glucose level(P【0.05).The streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats, significantly decreased the blood plasma glucose level(P【0.001) comparable to glibenclamide (10 mg/kg),restored the lipid profile and showed improvement in liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in diabetic rats.Conclusions:Present finding demonstrated the significant antidiabetic activity of alcoholic leaves extract of.4.lamarekii.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth.bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:Group-Ⅰ(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any treatment.In Group-Ⅱ(Diabetic control) mice,diabetes was induced by alloxan(150 mg/kg i.p.) and received only Tween 80.5%v/v in normal saline. Group-Ⅲand Group-Ⅳmice received metformin(10 mg/kg) and gliclazide(10 mg/kg) as standard drugs.Group-ⅤandⅥmice received methanolic bark extract of Albizia odoratissima at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight p.o.,respectively.Results:The results of the study indicates that Albizia odoratissima bark extract significantly(P【0.01) reduced the blood sugar level.The bark extract also significantly reduced the levels of serum cholesterol,triglycerides, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and decreases level of total proteins in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima has protective effects on the protection of vital tissues(pancreas,kidney,liver,heart and spleen),thereby reducing the causation of diabetes in experimental animals.
文摘Epicardial adipose tissue is defined as a deposit of adipocytes with pathophysiological properties similar to those of visceral fat, located in the space between the myocardial muscle and the pericardial sac. When compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipocytes show higher metabolic activity, lipolysis rates, increased insulin resistance along with more steroid hormone receptors. The epicardial adipose tissue interacts with numerous cardiovascular pathways via vasocrine and paracrine signalling comprised of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion. Both the physiological differences be-tween the two tissue types, as well as the fact that fat distribution and phenotype, rather than quantity, affect cardiovascular function and metabolic processes, establish epicardial fat as a biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Numerous studies have underlined an association of altered epicardial fat morphology, type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) and adverse cardiovascular events. In this review, we explore the prospect of using the epicardial adipose tissue as a therapeutic target in T2 DM and describe the underlying mechanisms by which the antidiabetic drugs affect the pathophysiological processes induced from adipose tissue accumulation and possibly allow for more favourable cardiovascular outcomes though epicardial fat manipulation.
文摘Objective:To explore antidiabetic principles of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranlhus micranthus Linn,parasitic on Persea Americana.Methods:The weakly acidic fraction of the aqueous methanol extract of the leaves of Loranlhus micranthus(Linn.) was isolated and tested for its antidiabetic activities.The isolation of the weakly acidic fraction was carried out following established physico-chemical based procedures.Furthermore,alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated intraperitoneally(ip) with 250 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the weakly acidic fraction, glibenclamide 10 mg/kg(positive control) and 2 mg/kg of 3%v/v tween 20(negative control).The sugar levels of the treated and untreated animals were determined by withdrawing the blood at regular intervals and testing them with an automated glucometer.The phytochemical analysis of the acidic fraction was carried out using standard procedures.Chromatographic techniques were employed in the subsequent isolation and purification of the constituents of the weakly acidic fraction.Results:It was shown that the maximum effect of the weakly acidic fraction was obtained at 24 hours after administration and was found to be statistically comparable with that of the positive control.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids,terpenoids, alkaloids,flavonoids,glycosides,carbohydrates,saponins,and acidic compounds in the crude extract and carbohydrates,flavonoids.terpenoids and oil in the weakly acidic fraction.Further purification of the weakly acidic fraction of the methanol extract using thin layer chromatography shows that toluene:methanol:diethyl amine(3:1:1) and chloroform:methanol:diethyl amine (9:1:1) are the best solvent system for the isolation of the various components of the weakly acidic fraction of the crude methanol extract of Loranlhus micranthus.Conclusions:The present study has led to the conclusion that the weakly acidic fraction of the plant under study has the potent antidiabetic activity and that the various components can be isolated using basic chromatographic techniques.
基金financially supported by Loyola College,Chennai,India
文摘Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic property of Merremia emarginata(M.emarginata) Burm.F.plant in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:The dose dependent effects of 28 days oral treatment with methanol extract(100,200 and 400 mg/kg) from the plant oi M.emarginata on blood glucose level,body weight,insulin,total hemoglobin,glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C),total protein,serum urea,serum creatinine and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Histology of pancreas was also studied.Results:A significant decrease in blood glucose,serum urea and serum creatinine and significant increase in body weight,insulin and protein level were observed in diabetic rats treated with M.emarginata.Treatment with M.emarginata resulted in a significant reduction of HbAlC and an increase in total hemoglobin level.The activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes such as hexokinase were significantly increased whereas glucose-6phosphatase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly decreased by the administration of M.emarginata in diabetic rats.Histology of diabetic rats treated with M.emarginata showed the pancreatic β-cells regeneration.Conclusions:These findings suggest that M.emarginata has potent antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
文摘Objective:To determine the season in which the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus,parasitic on Persea americana possesses optimum antidiabetic activity and to determine the seasonal variation in the constituents.Methods:The antidiabetic activities of the aqueous methanol extracts of the leaves of Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus, harvested in two seasons of the year,the onset of rainy season(April) and the peak of rainy season(July) were compared.The tests were carried out on six(6) groups(A-F) of alloxaninduced diabetic rats.Groups A and B received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the April sample extracts respectively while groups C and D received same doses of the July sample extracts. Group E and F which were the positive and negative controls received 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide and 2 ml/kg of 3%tween 20 respectively.The blood glucose levels of the animals were monitored hourly with a glucometer for six hours.The phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts were also carried out by standard procedures.Results:The results showed that group A and B exhibited significant(P【0.05) percentage reduction in the fasting blood sugar(FBS) level of the animals(38.9%and 39.2%respectively) with maximum reduction observed at the 5th and 6th hour respectively compared to glibenclamide(71.3%).Group C showed no significant (P】0.05) FBS reduction(15.9%) while group D exhibited highly significant(P【0.01) reduction (47.5%) with the maximum reduction occurring after 6 hours.The phytochemical analysis of the crude methanol extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates,glycosides,saponins, tannins,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids,acidic compounds,resins and oils.These were present in different proportions in both seasons.Conclusions:This study shows that there is a seasonal, dose-dependent variation in the chemical composition viz-a-viz the antidiabetic activity of the plant under study.This activity is highest at the peak of the rainy season.
文摘Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Methods:Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study(i.e.3 weeks).Other parameters e.g.liver profile,renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs(pancreas,liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment Results:Daily oral administration DIME(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide(10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P【0.001) as well as improving kidney,liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group.Furthermore,the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas,liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes. Conclusions:D.indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight,liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels.DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.
基金Supported by Caceer Award for Young Teachers(Grant No.F.No.1-51/RID/CA/4/2009-10)
文摘Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ at 60 mg/kg body weight i.p.The blood glucose level was checked before and 72 h after STZ injection to confirm the development ot diabetes.The flower extract and glibenclamide were administered orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days.Results:Daily oral treatment with the extract and standard drug for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose,serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.High density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be improved(P<0.01) as compared to diabetic control group.Conclusions:It is concluded that Kigellia pinnata flowers extract have significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antidiabetic and anti-lipemic effects of Cassia siamea methanolic leaves extract.Methods:The antidiabetic study was performed by measuring blood glucose level with elegance glucometer at weekly intervals i.e.0,7,14 and 21 in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Total cholesterol,triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were determined in normal and streptozotocin induces diabetic rats by autoanalyser.Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg.Results:After the oral administration of extracts at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for three weeks,blood glucose levels and body weights were significantly improved(P【0.01).Daily oral treatment with the extract also resulted in significantly reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides.HDL-cholesterol level was found to be improved to(P【0.01).Conclusions:The Cassia siamea leaf extract is useful in controlling blood glucose level as well as improving lipid metabolism and body weight in rats with induced diabetes.
基金financially supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship N°3190683 of Dr.Adrián González-Munoz from the Chilean Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(ANID)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery Grant Program(Grant SD RGPIN-2018-04128 of Prof.Laurent Bazinet)。
文摘Processing bioactive peptides from natural sources using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes(EDUF)have gained attention since it can fractionate in terms of their charge and molecular weight.Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal highlighted by its high protein content,amino acid profile and adapting growing conditions.The present work aimed at the production of quinoa peptides through fractionation using EDUF and to test the fractions according to antihypertensive and antidiabetic activity.Experimental data showed the production of peptides ranging between 0.4 and 1.5 k Da.Cationic(CQPF)(3.01%),anionic(AQPF)(1.18%)and the electrically neutral fraction quinoa protein hydrolysate(QPH)-EDUF(~95%)were obtained.In-vitro studies showed the highest glucose uptake modulation in L6 cell skeletal myoblasts in presence of QPH-EDUF and AQPF(17%and 11%)indicating potential antidiabetic activity.The antihypertensive effect studied in-vivo in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure in presence of the fractionated peptides,being 100 mg/kg a dose comparable to Captopril(positive control).These results contribute to the current knowledge of bioactive peptides from quinoa by reporting the relevance of EDUF as tool to produce selected peptide fractions.Nevertheless,further characterization is needed towards peptide sequencing,their respective role in the metabolism and scaling-up production using EDUF.
文摘Objective:To profile the secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius.Methods:The various hydroethanolic extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius leaf were prepared by ultrasonication assisted freezedrying.Total phenolic contents,flavonoid contents,antioxidant activity,α-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibitions of leaf extracts were determined.The metabolite profiling was accomplished by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis.The antidiabetic assessment of the most potent extract was carried out by measuring the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in the high fat diet-fed diabetic albino mice.The blood glucose level,haemoglobin,total cholesterol,high-density lipoproteins(HDL)and low-density lipoproteins(LDL)were determined.Results:The 60%ethanolic extract exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of(349.39±2.13)mg GAE/g dry extract and(116.95±2.34)mg RE/g dry extracts,respectively,and the highest DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of(32.87±1.11)μg/mL.The IC50 values forα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibitions were(38.64±0.93)μg/mL and(44.80±1.57)μg/mL,respectively.UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of gallic acid,ellagic acid,corilagin,kaempherol-3-O-rutinoside,caffeic acid derivative,isorhamnetin and galloyl derivatives in the 60%ethanolic extract.Plant extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg body weight reduced blood glucose level,total cholesterol,LDL and HDL,and increased haemoglobin in alloxan-induced diabetic mice,Conclusions:Conocarpus lancifolius leaves are proved as a good source of biologically functional metabolites and possess antidiabetic activity which may be further explored to treat diabetes.
基金funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development under grant number 106-NN.05-2016.73 to Nguyen The Han.
文摘Objective:To investigate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from Vietnamese red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea.Methods:The seaweed Laurencia dendroidea was extracted by using microwave-assisted extraction method in 80%methanol.The seaweed extract was then fractionated using different solvents(n-hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,butanol and water).These obtained fractions were evaluated forα-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH,nitric oxide radical scavenging and metal chelating assays.The enzyme inhibition mode was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot.For acidic and thermal stabilities,the ethyl acetate fraction was treated at pH 2.0 and 100℃,respectively.The residual inhibitory activity of the fraction was calculated based on the initial inhibitory activity.For in vivo antidiabetic activity,mice were divided into four groups,including normal control,diabetic control,diabetic mice treated with ethyl acetate fraction and diabetic mice treated with gliclazide.Blood glucose level of treated mice during acute and prolonged treatments was measured.To evaluate the toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction,the body weight changes and activities of liver function enzymes(aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase and gammaglutamyl transferase)were carried out.Results:The extract of Laurencia dendroidea showed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities.Methanolic concentrations affected bothα-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.A 80%aqueous methanol was the suitable solvent for extraction of enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants.Among solvent fractions,ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory activities againstα-glucosidase with a mixed type of inhibition and the strongest antioxidant activities,and was stable under acidic and thermal conditions.The ethyl acetate fraction treated diabetic mice significantly reduced blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group(13.16 mmol/L vs.22.75 mmol/L after 3 hours of treatment).Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction did not exhibit toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight as determined by body weight changes and liver biochemical parameters.Conclusions:Laurencia dendroidea could be a potential source for production of antidiabetic and antioxidative agents.
基金"The International Foundation for Science(IFS)""the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(OPCW)"for the fellowship No.F/4921-2
文摘Objective:To verify the antidiabetic activity of leaf extracts from Physalis peruviana L.popularly used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and to point out the possible toxicity.Method:Aqueous decoctions prepared from dried leaves powder were administrated to guinea pigs at the dose range of 100 mg/kg to 3.2 g/kg of body weight.The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by glucose tolerance test,loading animals with glucose 4 g/kg and measuring blood glucose concentrations at various times.The effect was compared to the control and glibenclamide as antidiabetic reference drug.Acute toxicity was evaluated by recording mortality rate,changes on blood biomarkers and damage caused to vital organs.Results:At a dose of 100 mg/kg,the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of peak concentration at 30 min after glucose loading as compared with control or reference(P<0.05).At doses greater than 400 mg,some alterations on blood,kidney and liver markers were observed.Upper 800 mg/kg,mortality was observed with LD_(50)estimated at about 1280 mg/kg.At the autopsy,vital organs were in haemorrhage and swelling state.Conclusion:The crude aqueous extracts from the leaves of Physalis peruviana L.present hypoglycemic aclivily in animal model,but at high doses the plant may cause severe intoxication.
文摘The detrimental effects of constant hyperglycemia on neural function have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Some of the hallmark features of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) are impaired synaptic adaptation and diminished spatial learning capacity. Chronic and progressive cognitive dysfunction, perpetuated by several positive feedback mechanisms in diabetic subjects, facilitates the development of early-onset dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the numerous clinical manifestations of DE having been described in detail and their pathophysiological substrate having been elucidated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, an effective therapeutic approach is yet to be proposed. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the growing body of evidence concerning the effect of current antidiabetic treatment options on diabetic and non-DE.
文摘Chronic liver disease (CLD) often coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus, making diabetes management a challenge to the clinician. It is well known that liver is the major site of drug metabolism, and, therefore, its impairment affects hepatic metabolism of many antidiabetic agents. Furthermore, patients with CLD have serious comorbidities such as impaired renal function, hypoalbuminemia, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia and malnutrition, making their treatment even more difficult. On the other hand, most of the antidiabetic agents, with the exception of insulin, need dosage titration due to alterations to their pharmacokinetics in patients with CLD. For well-established antidiabetic treatments, like metformin and sulfonylureas there are studies regarding their dosage chance in these patients. However, despite the growing problem of management of diabetes in patients with CLD the existing literature data, especially on newer antidiabetic agents, are limited and, furthermore, no direct guidelines exist. Therefore, in the present review article we try to summarize the existing literature data regarding management of diabetes in patients with CLD.
