Purpose:This research aimed to identify leading factors that affect nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.Methods:Data were collected from 114 nurses working in the university hospital and wer...Purpose:This research aimed to identify leading factors that affect nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.Methods:Data were collected from 114 nurses working in the university hospital and were analyzed through independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson’s correlation coefficient,and multiple regression analysis using SPSS25.0.Results:The average level of compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents was 3.73±0.33 out of 5 points.Workplace safety culture(β=0.40,P<0.001)and knowledge of safe handling(β=0.18,P=0.030)had significant influences on nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.The explained variance for compliance was 28.3%.Conclusion:To enhance the implementation of safety management for anticancer agents,each institution should strive to support human and material resources and enhance specialization in the workplace safety culture through system improvement.Based on the results of this study,we suggest research for the development of a training program for anticancer agent safety management.展开更多
RNA plays important roles as a gene-silencing agent, a therapeutic agent for clinical treatment, and in the differentiation, proliferation, and development of cells. However, RNA is very difficult to work with due to ...RNA plays important roles as a gene-silencing agent, a therapeutic agent for clinical treatment, and in the differentiation, proliferation, and development of cells. However, RNA is very difficult to work with due to its sensitivity and fragility. Another obstacle in using RNA for gene delivery/silencing is its negative charge, which causes its repulsion by cell membranes, which are also negatively charged. Our recent study showed that miR-125b is upregulated in glioblastoma （GMB） and plays an oncogenic role in GMB cells by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Endogenous miR-125b can be blocked by transfection of its antisense RNA molecule, miR-125b antisense （miR-125b-AS）. Thus, miR- 125b-AS can be developed as an RNA-based agent for cancer treatment. However, instability during storage and difficulty in delivery into cells has limited the use of RNA-based therapies thus far. In the current work, we demonstrate a short and simple one-step technique for the preparation of positively charged RNA nanospheres （miR-125b-RNS and miR-125b-AS-RNS） coated with a bioavailable polymer, polyethylenimine （PEI）. These RNA nanospheres are able to penetrate the cell directly without the use of liposomes. Our study confirmed that converting miR-125b and miR-125b-AS into nanospheres is a viable approach for storing RNA. In addition, this study provides evidence that PEI-coated RNA nanospheres have the potential to be used as a novel class of anticancer a^ents.展开更多
Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs.The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics.A detailed understand...Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs.The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics.A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of activity of alkylating drugs is essential in order to overcome drug resistance.In particular,the role of non-coding microRNAs concerning alkylating drug activity and resistance in various cancers is highlighted in this review.Both synthetic and natural alkylating agents,which are approved for cancer therapy,are discussed concerning their interplay with microRNAs.展开更多
The present pharmacochemical and modelling work focused on a benzimidazolyl-chalcone series. These previously synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activities against a panel of seven huma...The present pharmacochemical and modelling work focused on a benzimidazolyl-chalcone series. These previously synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activities against a panel of seven human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts. Among the new benzimidazole-supported chalcones, nine (9) compounds (compounds 1 - 4, 6 - 8 and compounds 10 and 11) showed promising anticancer activities with IC<sub>50</sub>s ranging from 0.83 to 2.58 μM. Compounds 2 and 6 with IC<sub>50</sub>s of 0.83 and 0.86 μM, respectively, were shown to be potent inhibitors of HCT-116 colon cancer cell proliferation. It was therefore necessary, for a development of this new series of chalcones, to establish through a QSAR study, their quantum descriptors according to the DFT calculation method and following the B3LYP/6-31+G (d,p) theory. These descriptive and predictive studies focused on the colon HCT 116 cell line which was found to be more sensitive to the anticancer action of our benzimidazolyl-retrochalcones. QSAR study showed that the electronic energy (E<sub>elec</sub>), lipophilicity (logP), chemical softness (S) and chemical hardness (η) of benzimidazolyl-retrochalcones play an important role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.展开更多
Chemotherapy is still the effective strategy for treating cancer.It is important to explore anticancer agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural products.Different cancer cell lines were included in our res...Chemotherapy is still the effective strategy for treating cancer.It is important to explore anticancer agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural products.Different cancer cell lines were included in our research,such as HL60,K562,K562/ADR,KB,KBv200 cells.Cell growth inhibition assay,Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay,measurement of reactive展开更多
A novel hetero-bimetallic transition metal(Sb^(Ⅴ)/Mn^(Ⅱ))-substituted Krebs-type polyoxometalate(POM)with N-chelating ligand H_(4)Na_(4)[Mn_(4)(H_(2)O)_(4)(trz)_(2)(SbO_(2))_(2)(SbW_(9)O_(33))_(2)]-20H_(2)O(Sb_(2)Mn...A novel hetero-bimetallic transition metal(Sb^(Ⅴ)/Mn^(Ⅱ))-substituted Krebs-type polyoxometalate(POM)with N-chelating ligand H_(4)Na_(4)[Mn_(4)(H_(2)O)_(4)(trz)_(2)(SbO_(2))_(2)(SbW_(9)O_(33))_(2)]-20H_(2)O(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)(trz=1,2,4-triazole)built from trilacunary Keggin POM unitα-B-[SbW_(9)O_(33)]^(9-){SbW_(9)]has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction and a wide range of analytical methods,including powder X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis.To further investigate the antitumor activity of the(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)in human gastric cancer Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells and Human Gastric Cancer Cell lines,in vitro cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis was performed.The results indicated that the IC_(50) values of(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)on Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma(AGS)and Human Gastric Cancer(BGC-823)Cell Lines were 1.86±0.05μmol·L^(-1) and 14.61±0.55μmol·L^(-1),respectively.(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)also exhibited high cytotoxicity on Human Gastric Cancer Cells and could induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting S and G_(2)/M cell cycles.Therefore,the result not only shows that this new POM-based inorganic-organic hybrid compound has high selectivity and low toxicity,but also provides an effective method for the development of potential transition metal-substituted POMs based antitumor drugs.展开更多
Metal complexes hold significant promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment.However,their potential applications in photodynamic therapy(PDT)are hindered by issues such as poor photostability,low yield of reactive oxyge...Metal complexes hold significant promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment.However,their potential applications in photodynamic therapy(PDT)are hindered by issues such as poor photostability,low yield of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and aggregation-induced ROS quenching.To address these challenges,we present a molecular self-assembly strategy utilizing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)conjugates for metal complexes.As a proof of concept,we synthesized a mitochondrial-targeting cyclometalated Ir(Ⅲ)photosensitizer Ir-TPE.This approach significantly enhances the photodynamic effect while mitigating the dark toxicity associated with AIE groups.Ir-TPE readily self-assembles into nanoaggregates in aqueous solution,leading to a significant production of ROS upon light irradiation.Photoirradiated Ir-TPE triggers multiple modes of death by excessively accumulating ROS in the mitochondria,resulting in mitochondrial DNA damage.This damage can lead to ferroptosis and autophagy,two forms of cell death that are highly cytotoxic to cancer cells.The aggregation-enhanced photodynamic effect of Ir-TPE significantly enhances the production of ROS,leading to a more pronounced cytotoxic effect.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate this aggregation-enhanced PDT approach achieves effective in situ tumor eradication.This study not only addresses the limitations of metal complexes in terms of low ROS production due to aggregation but also highlights the potential of this strategy for enhancing ROS production in PDT.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex （DL） of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism o...AIM： To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex （DL） of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism of action in cell culture. METHODS： The young transgenic mice were orally fed with the aqueous suspension of DL （400 mg/kg for 5 d/wk） for 15 wk and their liver was examined for histopathological changes at 20 wk. Serum levels of vascu- lar endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were also measured in these animals. To characterize the active fraction, DL was extracted with petroleum ether followed by methanol. The methanolic extract was sub-fractionated on a silica gel G column using a combination of non-polar and polar solvents and eleven fractions were obtained. Each fraction was analysed for cytotoxic effect on hepatoma （Huh7） and non-hepatoma （COS-1） cell lines and nontransformed hepatocytes （AML12） using tetrazolium （MTT） assay. Finally, the mechanism of cell death was investigated by measuring the levels of Bcl2, caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. RESULTS： DL treatment of mice showed a complete protection against hepatocarcinogenesis. No adverse effect was observed in these animals. The serum VEGF level was significantly lowered in the treated mice as compared to control animals. Cell culture studies revealed that the methanolic extract of DL as well as its fraction 8 induced extensive cell death in both Huh-7 and COS-1 cells while AML12 cells were spared. This was accompanied by extensive fragmentation of DNA in Huh-7 and COS-1 cells. No change in the levels of canonical markers of apoptosis such as Bcl2 and caspase 3 was observed. CONCLUSION： DL of C. procera has the potential for anti-cancer therapy due to its differentJable targets and non-interference with regular pathway of apoptosis.展开更多
Plant natural products including alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids and flavonoids have been reported to exert anticancer activity by targeting various metabolic pathways.The biological pathways regulated by plant produ...Plant natural products including alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids and flavonoids have been reported to exert anticancer activity by targeting various metabolic pathways.The biological pathways regulated by plant products can serve as novel drug targets.Plant natural compounds or their derivatives used for cancer treatment and some novel plant-based compounds which are used in clinical trials were discussed.Callus suspension culture with secondary metabolites can provide a continuous source of plant pharmaceuticals without time and space limitations.Previous research has shown that rice callus suspension culture can kill>95%cancer cells with no significant effect on the growth of normal cells.The role of candidate genes and metabolites which are likely to be involved in the process and their potential to serve as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents were discussed.Large scale production of plant callus suspension culture and its constituents can be achieved using elicitors which enhance specific secondary metabolites combined with bioprocess technology.展开更多
Despite breakthroughs in the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy,most current therapeutic approaches lack precise specificity and sensitivity,resulting in damage to healthy cells.Selective delivery of anti-can...Despite breakthroughs in the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy,most current therapeutic approaches lack precise specificity and sensitivity,resulting in damage to healthy cells.Selective delivery of anti-cancer agents is thus an important goal of cancer therapy.Scorpion venom(SV)and/or body parts have been used since early civilizations for medicinal purposes,and in cultures,SV is still applied to the treatment of several diseases including cancer.SV contains numerous active micro and macromolecules with diverse pharmacological effects.These include potent anti-microbial,anti-viral,anti-inflammatory,and anti-cancer properties.This review focuses on the recent advances of SV-derived peptides as promising anti-cancer agents and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential applications in cancers such as glioma,breast cancer,prostate cancer,and colon cancer.Well-characterized SV-derived peptides are thus needed to serve as potent and selective adjuvant therapy for cancer,to significantly enhance the patients’survival and wellbeing.展开更多
Aziridine and its N-substituted derivatives could undergo nucleophilic ring opening reaction with biological molecules, leading to their alkylation and the loss of their biological activities. For this purpose, ethyl ...Aziridine and its N-substituted derivatives could undergo nucleophilic ring opening reaction with biological molecules, leading to their alkylation and the loss of their biological activities. For this purpose, ethyl 4-[N-methyl-N-（2,3-aziridinyl）amino] benzoate and diethyl N-{4-[N-methyl-N-（2,3-aziridinyl）amino]benzoyl}-L-glutamate, as the key intermediates in the synthesis of new anticancer agents, were designed and synthesized via four steps of reactions in good yields.展开更多
Marine sediment samples were collected from the coastal areas of Southern India, particularly in Kanyakumari District. Twenty-eight different fungal strains were isolated. The screening of fungi from marine sediment w...Marine sediment samples were collected from the coastal areas of Southern India, particularly in Kanyakumari District. Twenty-eight different fungal strains were isolated. The screening of fungi from marine sediment was done to isolate a potent fungus that can produce bioactive compounds for biomedical applications. Only three strains viz Trichoderma gamsii SP4, Talaromyces flavus SP5 and Aspergillus oryzae SP6 were screened for further studies. The intracellular bioactive compounds were extracted using solvent extraction method. The crude extracts were tested for its anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties and analytically characterized using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS). All the three extracts were active, but the extract from T. flavus SP5 was found to be more active against various human pathogens, viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853(17.8 ± 0.1), Escherichia coli ATCC 52922(18.3 ± 0.3), and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750(17.7 ± 0.4). It also exhibited cytotoxic activity against HEp2 carcinoma cell line with the LC_(50) value of 25.7 μg·mL^(-1). The GC-MS data revealed the presence of effective bioactive compounds. These results revealed that the extract from isolated fungus T. flavus SP5 acted as a potent antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer agent, providing basic information on the potency of marine fungi towards biomedical applications; further investigation may lead to the development of novel anticancer drugs.展开更多
Tetrahydrocurcumin(THC)is a major metabolite of curcumin and plays an important role in curcumin-induced biological effects.THC is a promising preventive and chemotherapeutic agent for cancer.A series of new pyrazole ...Tetrahydrocurcumin(THC)is a major metabolite of curcumin and plays an important role in curcumin-induced biological effects.THC is a promising preventive and chemotherapeutic agent for cancer.A series of new pyrazole derivatives of THC have been synthesized as potent anticancer agents.Direct condensation of THC with various substituted hydrazines leads to new pyrazole derivatives of THC(1-18).The prepared compounds have been evaluated via in vitro MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)assay for their cell proliferation-inhibitory activity against human lung adenocarcinoma(A549),human cervical carcinoma(HeLa)and human breast carcinoma(MCF-7)cells.Most derivatives show significantly higher anticancer activity against all three tested cancer cell lines than the parent compound THC.Several compounds(7,8,12,13 and 15)display promising anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 5.8 to 9.3 iM.The most active compound(8)is substituted with 4-bromophenyl group at the pyrazole ring and inhibits the growth of all three tested cancer cell lines with an IC50 values of(8.0 iM,A549),(9.8 iM,HeLa)and(5.8 iM,MCF-7).The obtained compounds can be a good starting point for the development of new lead molecules in the fight against cancer.展开更多
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DHODH)is a central enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and is a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.This study presents the identifi...Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DHODH)is a central enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and is a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.This study presents the identification of a potent DHODH inhibitor by proteomic profiling.Cell-based screening revealed that NPD723,which is reduced to H-006 in cells,strongly induces myeloid differentiation and inhibits cell growth in HL-60 cells.H-006 also suppressed the growth of various cancer cells.Proteomic profiling of NPD723-treated cells in ChemProteoBase showed that NPD723 was clustered with DHODH inhibitors.H-006 potently inhibited human DHODH activity in vitro,whereas NPD723 was approximately 400 times less active than H-006.H-006-induced cell death was rescued by the addition of the DHODH product orotic acid.Moreover,metabolome analysis revealed that H-006 treatment promotes marked accumulation of the DHODH substrate dihydroorotic acid.These results suggest that NPD723 is reduced in cells to its active metabolite H-006,which then targets DHODH and suppresses cancer cell growth.Thus,H-006-related drugs represent a potentially powerful treatment for cancer and other diseases.展开更多
Lipid peroxide (LPO) plays pivotal roles in the process and development of many diseases. In this work, we studied the inhibitory effect of probimane (Pro), a Chinese anticancer agent, on erythrocyte LPO and the inter...Lipid peroxide (LPO) plays pivotal roles in the process and development of many diseases. In this work, we studied the inhibitory effect of probimane (Pro), a Chinese anticancer agent, on erythrocyte LPO and the interaction of Pro with sialic acids (sia). Malondialdehyde (MDA) of erythrocytes activated by hydrogen peroxide was measured. Pro was found to inhibit the product of LPO induced by hydrogen peroxide in a non-enzyme system of both rabbit and human erythrocytes in the absence of doxorubicin. Sia were found to enhance LPO production and the activity of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) was about 5 times higher than that of N-acetylneuraminic acid (5AcNeu) at equivalent concentrations. Pro inhibited the increased LPO production induced by sia and the activity of Pro against LPO with 5AcNeu was almost twofold higher than that of Pro alone. It suggests that Pro be an inhibitor of LPO (free radicals) and as a functional modulator of sia in body.展开更多
While immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has revolutionized the clinical management of various malignancies,a large fraction of patients are refractory to ICIs employed as standalone therapeutics,nec...While immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has revolutionized the clinical management of various malignancies,a large fraction of patients are refractory to ICIs employed as standalone therapeutics,necessitating the development of combinatorial treatment strategies.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)inducers have attracted considerable interest as combinatorial partners for ICIs,at least in part owing to their ability to initiate a tumor-targeting adaptive immune response.However,compared with either approach alone,combinatorial regimens involving ICD inducers and ICIs have not always shown superior clinical activity.Here,we discuss accumulating evidence on the therapeutic interactions between ICD inducers and immunotherapy with ICIs in oncological settings,identify key factors that may explain discrepancies between preclinical and clinical findings,and propose strategies that address existing challenges to increase the efficacy of these combinations in patients with cancer.展开更多
Objective： To review the anticancer effects of Radix astragali （RA）, one of the most commonly used herbs to manage cancer in East Asia, and its constituents and to provide evidence of clinical usage through previou...Objective： To review the anticancer effects of Radix astragali （RA）, one of the most commonly used herbs to manage cancer in East Asia, and its constituents and to provide evidence of clinical usage through previously performed clinical studies. Methods： Preclinical and clinical studies related to the anticancer effects of RA were searched from inception to November 2013 in electronic databases. Two reviewers independently investigated 92 eligible studies, extracted all the data of studies and appraised methodological quality of clinical trials. The studies were categorized into in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and clinical studies, and analyzed by saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids of RA constituents, RA fraction, and whole extract. Results： In preclinical studies, RA was reported to have tumor growth inhibitory effects, immunomodulatory effects, and attenuating adverse effects by cytotoxic agents as well as chemopreventive effects. Saponins seemed to be the main constituents, which directly contributed to suppression of tumor growth through the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway, modulation of intracellular signaling pathway, and inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis. Flavonoids suppressed tumor growth through the similar mechanisms with saponins. Polysaccharides showed immunomodulatory effects, contributing tumor shrinkages in animal models, despite the low cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Most of the clinical studies were performed with low evidence level of study designs because of various limitations. RA whole extracts and polysacchaddes of RA were reported to improve the quality of life and ameliorate myelosuppression and other adverse events induced by cytotoxic therapies. Coaclusion： The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids of RA, and the whole extract of RA have been widely reported with their anticancer effects in preclinical studies and showed a potential application as a adjunctive cancer therapeutics with the activities of irnmunomodulation, anti-proUferation and attenuation of adverse effects induced by cytotoxic therapy.展开更多
Today colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.This disease is poorly chemo-sensitive toward the existing medical treatments so that new and more effective therapeutic agents are ur...Today colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.This disease is poorly chemo-sensitive toward the existing medical treatments so that new and more effective therapeutic agents are urgently needed and intensely sought.Platinum drugs,oxaliplatin in particular,were reported to produce some significant benefit in CRC treatment,triggering the general interest of medicinal chemists and oncologists for metal-based compounds as candidate anti-CRC drugs.Within this frame,gold compounds and,specifically,the established antiarthritic drug auranofin with its analogs,form a novel group of promising anticancer agents.Owing to its innovative mechanism of action and its favorable pharmacological profile,auranofin together with its derivatives are proposed here as novel experimental agents for CRC treatment,capable of overcoming resistance to platinum drugs.Some encouraging results in this direction have already been obtained.A few recent studies demonstrate that the action of auranofin may be further potentiated through the preparation of suitable pharmaceutical formulations capable of protecting the gold pharmacophore from unselective reactivity or through the design of highly synergic drug combinations.The perspectives of the research in this field are outlined.展开更多
Platinum-based anticancer drugs,including cisplatin and its analogues,have played important roles in the clinical treatment of solid tumors over the past 38 years.However,poor selectivity,high toxicity and intrinsic o...Platinum-based anticancer drugs,including cisplatin and its analogues,have played important roles in the clinical treatment of solid tumors over the past 38 years.However,poor selectivity,high toxicity and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance profoundly limit their application,which encourages the development of novel transition metal-based anticancer agents with different mechanisms of action.To this end,transition metal complexes that can simultaneously act on more than one target,termed as single-molecule multi-targeting complexes,have attracted increasing attention because of their enhanced efficacy and diminished chance of drug resistance.In this review,we systematically discuss the recent progress in the development of platinum-and ruthenium-based anticancer agents,in particular the rational design of platinum and ruthenium complexes with multi-targeting features.展开更多
Objective To explore the potential apoptotic mechanisms of 3 Morchella extracts(Morchella conica,Morchella esculenta and Morchella delicosa)on breast and colon cancer cell lines using apoptotic biomarkers.Methods Huma...Objective To explore the potential apoptotic mechanisms of 3 Morchella extracts(Morchella conica,Morchella esculenta and Morchella delicosa)on breast and colon cancer cell lines using apoptotic biomarkers.Methods Human breast cell line(MCF-7)and colon cancer cell line(SW-480)were treated with methanol and ethanol extracts of 3 Morchella species with concentration ranging from 0.0625 to 2 mg/mL.After that their effects on gene expression of apoptosis related markers(pro-apoptotic markers including Bax,caspase-3,caspase-7,and caspase-9,and the antiapoptotic marker including Bcl-2)were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results All Morchella extracts reduced breast and colon cancer cells proliferation at half inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of 0.02±0.01 to 0.68±0.30 mg/mL.As expected,all Morchella extracts significantly increased gene expressions of Bax,caspase-3,caspase-7,and caspase-9 and downregulated the gene expression of Bcl-2 in MCF-7 and SW-480 cell lines(P<0.05).Conclusions Morchella extracts demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against breast and colon cancer cell lines via an apoptosis induction mechanism.Anticancer activity of Morchella extracts and activation of apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells suggest that it may be used to develop chemotherapeutic agents against cancer in future.展开更多
文摘Purpose:This research aimed to identify leading factors that affect nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.Methods:Data were collected from 114 nurses working in the university hospital and were analyzed through independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson’s correlation coefficient,and multiple regression analysis using SPSS25.0.Results:The average level of compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents was 3.73±0.33 out of 5 points.Workplace safety culture(β=0.40,P<0.001)and knowledge of safe handling(β=0.18,P=0.030)had significant influences on nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.The explained variance for compliance was 28.3%.Conclusion:To enhance the implementation of safety management for anticancer agents,each institution should strive to support human and material resources and enhance specialization in the workplace safety culture through system improvement.Based on the results of this study,we suggest research for the development of a training program for anticancer agent safety management.
文摘RNA plays important roles as a gene-silencing agent, a therapeutic agent for clinical treatment, and in the differentiation, proliferation, and development of cells. However, RNA is very difficult to work with due to its sensitivity and fragility. Another obstacle in using RNA for gene delivery/silencing is its negative charge, which causes its repulsion by cell membranes, which are also negatively charged. Our recent study showed that miR-125b is upregulated in glioblastoma （GMB） and plays an oncogenic role in GMB cells by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Endogenous miR-125b can be blocked by transfection of its antisense RNA molecule, miR-125b antisense （miR-125b-AS）. Thus, miR- 125b-AS can be developed as an RNA-based agent for cancer treatment. However, instability during storage and difficulty in delivery into cells has limited the use of RNA-based therapies thus far. In the current work, we demonstrate a short and simple one-step technique for the preparation of positively charged RNA nanospheres （miR-125b-RNS and miR-125b-AS-RNS） coated with a bioavailable polymer, polyethylenimine （PEI）. These RNA nanospheres are able to penetrate the cell directly without the use of liposomes. Our study confirmed that converting miR-125b and miR-125b-AS into nanospheres is a viable approach for storing RNA. In addition, this study provides evidence that PEI-coated RNA nanospheres have the potential to be used as a novel class of anticancer a^ents.
文摘Alkylating agents represent an important class of anticancer drugs.The occurrence and emergence of tumor resistance to the treatment with alkylating agents denotes a severe problem in the clinics.A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of activity of alkylating drugs is essential in order to overcome drug resistance.In particular,the role of non-coding microRNAs concerning alkylating drug activity and resistance in various cancers is highlighted in this review.Both synthetic and natural alkylating agents,which are approved for cancer therapy,are discussed concerning their interplay with microRNAs.
文摘The present pharmacochemical and modelling work focused on a benzimidazolyl-chalcone series. These previously synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activities against a panel of seven human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblasts. Among the new benzimidazole-supported chalcones, nine (9) compounds (compounds 1 - 4, 6 - 8 and compounds 10 and 11) showed promising anticancer activities with IC<sub>50</sub>s ranging from 0.83 to 2.58 μM. Compounds 2 and 6 with IC<sub>50</sub>s of 0.83 and 0.86 μM, respectively, were shown to be potent inhibitors of HCT-116 colon cancer cell proliferation. It was therefore necessary, for a development of this new series of chalcones, to establish through a QSAR study, their quantum descriptors according to the DFT calculation method and following the B3LYP/6-31+G (d,p) theory. These descriptive and predictive studies focused on the colon HCT 116 cell line which was found to be more sensitive to the anticancer action of our benzimidazolyl-retrochalcones. QSAR study showed that the electronic energy (E<sub>elec</sub>), lipophilicity (logP), chemical softness (S) and chemical hardness (η) of benzimidazolyl-retrochalcones play an important role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
文摘Chemotherapy is still the effective strategy for treating cancer.It is important to explore anticancer agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural products.Different cancer cell lines were included in our research,such as HL60,K562,K562/ADR,KB,KBv200 cells.Cell growth inhibition assay,Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay,measurement of reactive
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21971221,21401162)the Yangzhou University Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Chemistry Discipline(yzuxk202010)+2 种基金Qing Lan Project in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu ProvinceInnovation and entrepreneurship training programs for college students in Jiangsu(202211117066Z)Y.Zhang acknowledges supports from Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(AD20238043,2018GXNSFDA281002)。
文摘A novel hetero-bimetallic transition metal(Sb^(Ⅴ)/Mn^(Ⅱ))-substituted Krebs-type polyoxometalate(POM)with N-chelating ligand H_(4)Na_(4)[Mn_(4)(H_(2)O)_(4)(trz)_(2)(SbO_(2))_(2)(SbW_(9)O_(33))_(2)]-20H_(2)O(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)(trz=1,2,4-triazole)built from trilacunary Keggin POM unitα-B-[SbW_(9)O_(33)]^(9-){SbW_(9)]has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction and a wide range of analytical methods,including powder X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis.To further investigate the antitumor activity of the(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)in human gastric cancer Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells and Human Gastric Cancer Cell lines,in vitro cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis was performed.The results indicated that the IC_(50) values of(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)on Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma(AGS)and Human Gastric Cancer(BGC-823)Cell Lines were 1.86±0.05μmol·L^(-1) and 14.61±0.55μmol·L^(-1),respectively.(Sb_(2)Mn_(2))(1)also exhibited high cytotoxicity on Human Gastric Cancer Cells and could induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting S and G_(2)/M cell cycles.Therefore,the result not only shows that this new POM-based inorganic-organic hybrid compound has high selectivity and low toxicity,but also provides an effective method for the development of potential transition metal-substituted POMs based antitumor drugs.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277056,21977052)the Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230006)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20230977,BK20231090)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.23KJB150020)the Jiangsu Excellent Postdoctoral Program(No.2022ZB758)。
文摘Metal complexes hold significant promise in tumor diagnosis and treatment.However,their potential applications in photodynamic therapy(PDT)are hindered by issues such as poor photostability,low yield of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and aggregation-induced ROS quenching.To address these challenges,we present a molecular self-assembly strategy utilizing aggregation-induced emission(AIE)conjugates for metal complexes.As a proof of concept,we synthesized a mitochondrial-targeting cyclometalated Ir(Ⅲ)photosensitizer Ir-TPE.This approach significantly enhances the photodynamic effect while mitigating the dark toxicity associated with AIE groups.Ir-TPE readily self-assembles into nanoaggregates in aqueous solution,leading to a significant production of ROS upon light irradiation.Photoirradiated Ir-TPE triggers multiple modes of death by excessively accumulating ROS in the mitochondria,resulting in mitochondrial DNA damage.This damage can lead to ferroptosis and autophagy,two forms of cell death that are highly cytotoxic to cancer cells.The aggregation-enhanced photodynamic effect of Ir-TPE significantly enhances the production of ROS,leading to a more pronounced cytotoxic effect.In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate this aggregation-enhanced PDT approach achieves effective in situ tumor eradication.This study not only addresses the limitations of metal complexes in terms of low ROS production due to aggregation but also highlights the potential of this strategy for enhancing ROS production in PDT.
基金Supported by the core grant of International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. New Delhi
文摘AIM： To evaluate the anticancer property of the dried latex （DL） of Calotropis procera, a tropical medicinal plant, in the X15-myc transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to elucidate its mechanism of action in cell culture. METHODS： The young transgenic mice were orally fed with the aqueous suspension of DL （400 mg/kg for 5 d/wk） for 15 wk and their liver was examined for histopathological changes at 20 wk. Serum levels of vascu- lar endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were also measured in these animals. To characterize the active fraction, DL was extracted with petroleum ether followed by methanol. The methanolic extract was sub-fractionated on a silica gel G column using a combination of non-polar and polar solvents and eleven fractions were obtained. Each fraction was analysed for cytotoxic effect on hepatoma （Huh7） and non-hepatoma （COS-1） cell lines and nontransformed hepatocytes （AML12） using tetrazolium （MTT） assay. Finally, the mechanism of cell death was investigated by measuring the levels of Bcl2, caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. RESULTS： DL treatment of mice showed a complete protection against hepatocarcinogenesis. No adverse effect was observed in these animals. The serum VEGF level was significantly lowered in the treated mice as compared to control animals. Cell culture studies revealed that the methanolic extract of DL as well as its fraction 8 induced extensive cell death in both Huh-7 and COS-1 cells while AML12 cells were spared. This was accompanied by extensive fragmentation of DNA in Huh-7 and COS-1 cells. No change in the levels of canonical markers of apoptosis such as Bcl2 and caspase 3 was observed. CONCLUSION： DL of C. procera has the potential for anti-cancer therapy due to its differentJable targets and non-interference with regular pathway of apoptosis.
文摘Plant natural products including alkaloids,polyphenols,terpenoids and flavonoids have been reported to exert anticancer activity by targeting various metabolic pathways.The biological pathways regulated by plant products can serve as novel drug targets.Plant natural compounds or their derivatives used for cancer treatment and some novel plant-based compounds which are used in clinical trials were discussed.Callus suspension culture with secondary metabolites can provide a continuous source of plant pharmaceuticals without time and space limitations.Previous research has shown that rice callus suspension culture can kill>95%cancer cells with no significant effect on the growth of normal cells.The role of candidate genes and metabolites which are likely to be involved in the process and their potential to serve as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents were discussed.Large scale production of plant callus suspension culture and its constituents can be achieved using elicitors which enhance specific secondary metabolites combined with bioprocess technology.
基金Open access funding provided by The Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank(EKB).
文摘Despite breakthroughs in the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy,most current therapeutic approaches lack precise specificity and sensitivity,resulting in damage to healthy cells.Selective delivery of anti-cancer agents is thus an important goal of cancer therapy.Scorpion venom(SV)and/or body parts have been used since early civilizations for medicinal purposes,and in cultures,SV is still applied to the treatment of several diseases including cancer.SV contains numerous active micro and macromolecules with diverse pharmacological effects.These include potent anti-microbial,anti-viral,anti-inflammatory,and anti-cancer properties.This review focuses on the recent advances of SV-derived peptides as promising anti-cancer agents and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential applications in cancers such as glioma,breast cancer,prostate cancer,and colon cancer.Well-characterized SV-derived peptides are thus needed to serve as potent and selective adjuvant therapy for cancer,to significantly enhance the patients’survival and wellbeing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.20672008)985 Program of Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Aziridine and its N-substituted derivatives could undergo nucleophilic ring opening reaction with biological molecules, leading to their alkylation and the loss of their biological activities. For this purpose, ethyl 4-[N-methyl-N-（2,3-aziridinyl）amino] benzoate and diethyl N-{4-[N-methyl-N-（2,3-aziridinyl）amino]benzoyl}-L-glutamate, as the key intermediates in the synthesis of new anticancer agents, were designed and synthesized via four steps of reactions in good yields.
文摘Marine sediment samples were collected from the coastal areas of Southern India, particularly in Kanyakumari District. Twenty-eight different fungal strains were isolated. The screening of fungi from marine sediment was done to isolate a potent fungus that can produce bioactive compounds for biomedical applications. Only three strains viz Trichoderma gamsii SP4, Talaromyces flavus SP5 and Aspergillus oryzae SP6 were screened for further studies. The intracellular bioactive compounds were extracted using solvent extraction method. The crude extracts were tested for its anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties and analytically characterized using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS). All the three extracts were active, but the extract from T. flavus SP5 was found to be more active against various human pathogens, viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853(17.8 ± 0.1), Escherichia coli ATCC 52922(18.3 ± 0.3), and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750(17.7 ± 0.4). It also exhibited cytotoxic activity against HEp2 carcinoma cell line with the LC_(50) value of 25.7 μg·mL^(-1). The GC-MS data revealed the presence of effective bioactive compounds. These results revealed that the extract from isolated fungus T. flavus SP5 acted as a potent antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer agent, providing basic information on the potency of marine fungi towards biomedical applications; further investigation may lead to the development of novel anticancer drugs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.81172942).
文摘Tetrahydrocurcumin(THC)is a major metabolite of curcumin and plays an important role in curcumin-induced biological effects.THC is a promising preventive and chemotherapeutic agent for cancer.A series of new pyrazole derivatives of THC have been synthesized as potent anticancer agents.Direct condensation of THC with various substituted hydrazines leads to new pyrazole derivatives of THC(1-18).The prepared compounds have been evaluated via in vitro MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)assay for their cell proliferation-inhibitory activity against human lung adenocarcinoma(A549),human cervical carcinoma(HeLa)and human breast carcinoma(MCF-7)cells.Most derivatives show significantly higher anticancer activity against all three tested cancer cell lines than the parent compound THC.Several compounds(7,8,12,13 and 15)display promising anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 5.8 to 9.3 iM.The most active compound(8)is substituted with 4-bromophenyl group at the pyrazole ring and inhibits the growth of all three tested cancer cell lines with an IC50 values of(8.0 iM,A549),(9.8 iM,HeLa)and(5.8 iM,MCF-7).The obtained compounds can be a good starting point for the development of new lead molecules in the fight against cancer.
基金supported by AMED Grants(Nos.JP16cm0106112 and JP16cm0106002)JSPS KAKENHI Grants(Nos.JP17H06412,18H05503,JP19K05744,JP20K05857,JP20H05620,JP21H04720,JP22H04922,and JP22K05363).
文摘Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DHODH)is a central enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and is a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.This study presents the identification of a potent DHODH inhibitor by proteomic profiling.Cell-based screening revealed that NPD723,which is reduced to H-006 in cells,strongly induces myeloid differentiation and inhibits cell growth in HL-60 cells.H-006 also suppressed the growth of various cancer cells.Proteomic profiling of NPD723-treated cells in ChemProteoBase showed that NPD723 was clustered with DHODH inhibitors.H-006 potently inhibited human DHODH activity in vitro,whereas NPD723 was approximately 400 times less active than H-006.H-006-induced cell death was rescued by the addition of the DHODH product orotic acid.Moreover,metabolome analysis revealed that H-006 treatment promotes marked accumulation of the DHODH substrate dihydroorotic acid.These results suggest that NPD723 is reduced in cells to its active metabolite H-006,which then targets DHODH and suppresses cancer cell growth.Thus,H-006-related drugs represent a potentially powerful treatment for cancer and other diseases.
基金Science Foundation of Shanghai Higher Education (Grant No.97A49)
文摘Lipid peroxide (LPO) plays pivotal roles in the process and development of many diseases. In this work, we studied the inhibitory effect of probimane (Pro), a Chinese anticancer agent, on erythrocyte LPO and the interaction of Pro with sialic acids (sia). Malondialdehyde (MDA) of erythrocytes activated by hydrogen peroxide was measured. Pro was found to inhibit the product of LPO induced by hydrogen peroxide in a non-enzyme system of both rabbit and human erythrocytes in the absence of doxorubicin. Sia were found to enhance LPO production and the activity of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) was about 5 times higher than that of N-acetylneuraminic acid (5AcNeu) at equivalent concentrations. Pro inhibited the increased LPO production induced by sia and the activity of Pro against LPO with 5AcNeu was almost twofold higher than that of Pro alone. It suggests that Pro be an inhibitor of LPO (free radicals) and as a functional modulator of sia in body.
基金supported(as a PI unless otherwise indicated)by one R01 grant from the NIH/NCI(#CA271915)by two Breakthrough Level 2 grants from the US DoD BCRP(#BC180476P1,#BC210945)+11 种基金by a grant from the STARR Cancer Consortium(#I16--0064)by a Transformative Breast Cancer Consortium Grant from the US DoD BCRP(#W81XWH2120034,PI:Formenti)by a U54 grant from NIH/NCI(#CA274291)from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society(LLS),by the 2019 Laura Ziskin Prize in Translational Research(#ZP--6177,PI:Formenti)from the Stand Up to Cancer(SU2C)by a Mantle Cell Lymphoma Research Initiative(MCL-RI,PI:Chen-Kiang)grant from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society(LLS)by a Rapid Response Grant from the Functional Genomics Initiative(New York,US)by a pre-SPORE grant(PI:Demaria,Formenti)and a Clinical Trials Innovation Grant from the Sandra and Edward Meyer of Radiation Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine(New York,US)and Fox Chase Cancer Center(Philadelphia,US)by industrial collaborations with Lytix Biopharma(Oslo,Norway),Promontory(New York,US)and Onxeo(Paris,France)by donations from Promontory(New York,US),the Luke Heller TECPR2 Foundation(Boston,US),Sotio a.s.(Prague,Czech Republic),Lytix Biopharma(Oslo,Norway),Onxeo(Paris,France),Ricerchiamo(Brescia,Italy),and Noxopharm(Chatswood,Australia)supported by the Flanders Research Foundation(FWO)and the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research(F.R.S.-FNRS)under the Excellence of Science(EOS)program(#40007488),FWO grant(#G016221N)two Special Research Fund(BOF)grants from Ghent University(#BOF/IOP/2022/033,#BOF23/GOA/029)IOF“PULSE”grant(#F2023/IOF-ConcepTT/033)and IOF“IMMUNO-FER-GUARD”grant(#F2023/IOF-ConcepTT/106)from Ghent UniversityEC holds a Marie Sklodowska Curie(MSCA)postdoctoral fellowship(HORIZON-MSCA-2022 PF-01).
文摘While immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has revolutionized the clinical management of various malignancies,a large fraction of patients are refractory to ICIs employed as standalone therapeutics,necessitating the development of combinatorial treatment strategies.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)inducers have attracted considerable interest as combinatorial partners for ICIs,at least in part owing to their ability to initiate a tumor-targeting adaptive immune response.However,compared with either approach alone,combinatorial regimens involving ICD inducers and ICIs have not always shown superior clinical activity.Here,we discuss accumulating evidence on the therapeutic interactions between ICD inducers and immunotherapy with ICIs in oncological settings,identify key factors that may explain discrepancies between preclinical and clinical findings,and propose strategies that address existing challenges to increase the efficacy of these combinations in patients with cancer.
文摘Objective： To review the anticancer effects of Radix astragali （RA）, one of the most commonly used herbs to manage cancer in East Asia, and its constituents and to provide evidence of clinical usage through previously performed clinical studies. Methods： Preclinical and clinical studies related to the anticancer effects of RA were searched from inception to November 2013 in electronic databases. Two reviewers independently investigated 92 eligible studies, extracted all the data of studies and appraised methodological quality of clinical trials. The studies were categorized into in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and clinical studies, and analyzed by saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids of RA constituents, RA fraction, and whole extract. Results： In preclinical studies, RA was reported to have tumor growth inhibitory effects, immunomodulatory effects, and attenuating adverse effects by cytotoxic agents as well as chemopreventive effects. Saponins seemed to be the main constituents, which directly contributed to suppression of tumor growth through the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway, modulation of intracellular signaling pathway, and inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis. Flavonoids suppressed tumor growth through the similar mechanisms with saponins. Polysaccharides showed immunomodulatory effects, contributing tumor shrinkages in animal models, despite the low cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Most of the clinical studies were performed with low evidence level of study designs because of various limitations. RA whole extracts and polysacchaddes of RA were reported to improve the quality of life and ameliorate myelosuppression and other adverse events induced by cytotoxic therapies. Coaclusion： The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids of RA, and the whole extract of RA have been widely reported with their anticancer effects in preclinical studies and showed a potential application as a adjunctive cancer therapeutics with the activities of irnmunomodulation, anti-proUferation and attenuation of adverse effects induced by cytotoxic therapy.
基金funding the project“Advanced mass spectrometry tools for cancer research:novel applications in proteomics,metabolomics and nanomedicine”(Multi-user Equipment Program 2016,Ref.code 19650)the Beneficentia Stiftung,Vaduz(BEN2019/48 and University of Pisa(Rating Ateneo 2019-2020)for the financial support+1 种基金supported by the University of Pisa under the“PRA-Progetti di Ricerca di Ateneo”Institutional Research Grants-Project no.PRA_2020_58“Agenti innovativi e nanosistemi per target molecolari nell’ambito dell’oncologia di precisione”to Marzo Tthe financial support(two-year fellowship for Italy“Marcello e Rosina Soru”-Project Code:23852).
文摘Today colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide.This disease is poorly chemo-sensitive toward the existing medical treatments so that new and more effective therapeutic agents are urgently needed and intensely sought.Platinum drugs,oxaliplatin in particular,were reported to produce some significant benefit in CRC treatment,triggering the general interest of medicinal chemists and oncologists for metal-based compounds as candidate anti-CRC drugs.Within this frame,gold compounds and,specifically,the established antiarthritic drug auranofin with its analogs,form a novel group of promising anticancer agents.Owing to its innovative mechanism of action and its favorable pharmacological profile,auranofin together with its derivatives are proposed here as novel experimental agents for CRC treatment,capable of overcoming resistance to platinum drugs.Some encouraging results in this direction have already been obtained.A few recent studies demonstrate that the action of auranofin may be further potentiated through the preparation of suitable pharmaceutical formulations capable of protecting the gold pharmacophore from unselective reactivity or through the design of highly synergic drug combinations.The perspectives of the research in this field are outlined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21135006,21127901,21275148,21301181,21321003,21575145)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB531805)
文摘Platinum-based anticancer drugs,including cisplatin and its analogues,have played important roles in the clinical treatment of solid tumors over the past 38 years.However,poor selectivity,high toxicity and intrinsic or acquired drug resistance profoundly limit their application,which encourages the development of novel transition metal-based anticancer agents with different mechanisms of action.To this end,transition metal complexes that can simultaneously act on more than one target,termed as single-molecule multi-targeting complexes,have attracted increasing attention because of their enhanced efficacy and diminished chance of drug resistance.In this review,we systematically discuss the recent progress in the development of platinum-and ruthenium-based anticancer agents,in particular the rational design of platinum and ruthenium complexes with multi-targeting features.
文摘Objective To explore the potential apoptotic mechanisms of 3 Morchella extracts(Morchella conica,Morchella esculenta and Morchella delicosa)on breast and colon cancer cell lines using apoptotic biomarkers.Methods Human breast cell line(MCF-7)and colon cancer cell line(SW-480)were treated with methanol and ethanol extracts of 3 Morchella species with concentration ranging from 0.0625 to 2 mg/mL.After that their effects on gene expression of apoptosis related markers(pro-apoptotic markers including Bax,caspase-3,caspase-7,and caspase-9,and the antiapoptotic marker including Bcl-2)were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results All Morchella extracts reduced breast and colon cancer cells proliferation at half inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of 0.02±0.01 to 0.68±0.30 mg/mL.As expected,all Morchella extracts significantly increased gene expressions of Bax,caspase-3,caspase-7,and caspase-9 and downregulated the gene expression of Bcl-2 in MCF-7 and SW-480 cell lines(P<0.05).Conclusions Morchella extracts demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against breast and colon cancer cell lines via an apoptosis induction mechanism.Anticancer activity of Morchella extracts and activation of apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells suggest that it may be used to develop chemotherapeutic agents against cancer in future.
