In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challeng...In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.展开更多
Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully...Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully applied to efficiently mitigate the antibiotic pollution,including degradation of antibiotics,inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),and damage of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs).Under visible-light irradiation,CM/CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays exhibit a superior degradation efficiency on antibiotics(e.g.,up to 99%in 25 min for tetracycline hydrochloride,TC),due to the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),especially the dominant·O^(2−).It can fully inactivate E.coli(HB101)with initial number of~108 CFU mL^(−1) in 10 min,which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of 1D nanostructure,dissolved metal ions,and generated ROS.Meanwhile,it is able to damage ARGs after 180 min of photodegradation,including tetA(vs TC)of 3.3 log 10,aphA(vs kanamycin sulfate,KAN)of 3.4 log 10,and tnpA(vs ampicillin,AMP)of 4.4 log 10,respectively.This work explores a green way for treating antibiotic pollution under visible light.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">We are confronting a new threat in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria followed by epidemic spread in aquatic environments in metropolitan areas because d...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">We are confronting a new threat in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria followed by epidemic spread in aquatic environments in metropolitan areas because damage from river floods is increasing remarkably in Japan due to global extreme weather. The sewer penetration rate is about 100% in Tokyo and reclaimed water from sewage treatment plants accounts for over 50% of all water in both the down- and mid-stream areas of local rivers. The water quality of these rivers, which contain microflora, seems to be seriously affected by reclaimed water. In this study, we collected water samples on July 17, 2018 and examined the behavior of antibiotic-resistant fecal coliforms in the stream of a sewage treatment plant in Tokyo. Extended-spectrum </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-lactamase (ESBL)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-producing fecal coliforms with encoding genes were found;the CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, TEM, and SHV groups were found to have survived in the final effluent to the river after sterilization with sodium hypochlorite.展开更多
Background:Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus that leads to sexually transmitted infection.N.gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes infection to the mucus-secreting epithelial cells bo...Background:Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus that leads to sexually transmitted infection.N.gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes infection to the mucus-secreting epithelial cells both in males and females.In 2017 the center for disease control and the World Health Organization published the list of global priority pathogens-12 with denting therapeutic options,including antibiotic-resistant N.gonorrhoeae.Methods:we thoroughly characterized zoliflodacin antibiotic,its clinical trials and effect on human health by using different keywords like“zoliflodacin”,“COVID-19”,“clinical trials”from different data sources like Pub-Med,Google-Scholar,and Science-Direct.Results:Zoliflodacin shows a therapeutic approach against N.gonorrhoeae.It acts by inhibiting bacterial type 2 topoisomerase with the binding sites in bacterial gyrase.It shows promising results against N.gonorrhoeae.Zoliflodacin is effective in treating gonococcal urogenital and rectal infection.Conclusion:Currently,antibiotic is the only option to treat N.gonorrhoeae with no vaccine available to treat it.The new drug,zoliflodacin,specifically targets antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea and it has given a hope to researchers.This review elaborates the discovery of zoliflodacin,its mechanism of action,current clinical trials,and its effectiveness.展开更多
Antibiotics are widely used in humans,livestock,and aquaculture,but they are not removed fully during wastewater treatment,leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments.This contributes to the spread of antibi...Antibiotics are widely used in humans,livestock,and aquaculture,but they are not removed fully during wastewater treatment,leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments.This contributes to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),posing public health and ecosystem risks.Although antibiotic use has decreased,the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes via integrons among ARB remains a concern.Traditionally,methods such as antibiotic susceptibility testing(AST)and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)tests have been used to identify ARBs.However,these methods are limited by their variability,the necessity for time-consuming reculture,and the inability to detect viable but non-culturable(VBNC)bacteria.To overcome such limitations,the ability of propidium monoazide quantitative PCR(PMA-qPCR)to selectively detect only viable bacteria,excluding dead cells,was evaluated.This study assessed ARBs in oyster,sea pineapple,and fish farms along Korea's coast using both conventional AST and MIC tests alongside PMA-qPCR.Vibrio spp.,frequently detected at all sites,were used as the target species.PMA-qPCR successfully detected VBNC bacteria that were undetectable in MIC tests,highlighting the potential for VBNC bacteria to be regenerated under favorable con-ditions and contribute to the spread of resistance genes.The discrepancies between MIC and PMA-qPCR results underscore the need for further development of PMA-qPCR methods to better assess antibiotic resistance and to determine optimal antibiotic dosages.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the bactericidal effects of Jinghua Weikang Capsule （荆花胃康胶丸） and its major component Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori. Methods： Four clinical ...Objective： To investigate the bactericidal effects of Jinghua Weikang Capsule （荆花胃康胶丸） and its major component Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori. Methods： Four clinical antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains were isolated and incubated in liquid medium containing Jinghua Weikang Capsule or Chenopodium ambrosioides L. By means of time-kill curve method, the average colony counts and bactericidal rate were calculated at time points of 0, 4, 8 and 24 h after the incubation and the time-kill curves were charted. Results： Both Jinghua Weikang Capsule and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. at a concentration of 0.64 g/L showed obvious bactericidal effect against antibiotic-resistant H. pylori after 4 h of incubation. Conclusion： Jinghua Weikang Capsule and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. are considered to be active against antibiotic-resistant H. pylori in vitro.展开更多
With the development and rising of antimicrobial resistance,rapid and effective killings of bacteria are urgently needed,especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and bacterial biofilms that are usually hard to be ...With the development and rising of antimicrobial resistance,rapid and effective killings of bacteria are urgently needed,especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and bacterial biofilms that are usually hard to be treated with conventional antibiotics.Here,a rapid and broad-spectrum antibacterial strategy is demonstrated through photothermal ablation with MXene and light.Ti3C2 MXenes,when combined with 808 nm light,show significant antibacterial effects in just 20 min.The antibacterial strategy is effective to 15 bacterial species tested,including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE).In addition,the rapid antibacterial strategy works for MRSA biofilms,by damaging the structures as well as killing bacteria in biofilms.Furthermore,the investigation of the antibacterial mechanisms shows that Ti3C2 with light kills bacteria mainly physically through inserting/contact and photothermal effect.This work broadens the potential applications of MXene and provides a way to eradicate bacteria and biofilms physically,without the likelihood of resistance development.展开更多
In this paper,hierarchical ultra-thin core/shell Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)nano-arrays with Mo atomic site grown on nickel foam(Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)-NF)were designed and synthesized through the hydrothermal method.When they a...In this paper,hierarchical ultra-thin core/shell Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)nano-arrays with Mo atomic site grown on nickel foam(Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)-NF)were designed and synthesized through the hydrothermal method.When they are tested as photoelectric catalysis electrodes to anti-bacteria,the Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)within core/shell structure exhibits about several times higher rate capability and outstanding cycling stability than traditional photocatalysts.After reacting with water and oxygen,large numbers of extracellular reactive oxygen species on the surface of Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)are observed.These reactive oxygen species can penetrate bacterial cells,resulting in a rapid rise of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a short time.The integrity of the bacterial cell membrane is also destroyed,which can be observed in both scanning and transmission images.The synthetic primer was used to specifically label the gene fragment with antibiotic resistance,which was oxidized and eliminated after the photoelectron catalysis(PEC)reaction,proving that this material for PEC antibacterial can not only kill bacteria.Successful elimination of antibiotic-resistance gene fragments can also be achieved.展开更多
The Earth's environment is undergoing significant transformation due to mining,pollution,and climate change.Although mining is essential for economic development,it contributes significantly to the release of pote...The Earth's environment is undergoing significant transformation due to mining,pollution,and climate change.Although mining is essential for economic development,it contributes significantly to the release of potentially harmful elements(PHEs)that threaten human health and destabilize microbial communities.Anthropogenic climate change,driven by greenhouse gas emissions,alters water availability and soil composition,further affecting ecosystem balance and microbial diversity.This review aggregates findings from studies covering the last two decades to assess how mining pollution and climate change impact microbial diversity,their adaptation mechanisms,and the associated health risks.It reveals that environmental stressors favour resistant microbial taxa while eliminating sensitive species,thereby reshaping microbial ecosystems.Microorganisms demonstrate genetic,biochemical,and physiological adaptations that enable them to survive in polluted or changing environments,often resulting in a higher prevalence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant strains.These variations in microbial dynamics contribute to health challenges such as respiratory infections,foodborne illnesses,and increased exposure in children and immune-compromised individuals.The review highlights the linkages between environmental degradation,microbial ecology,and human health,underscoring the need for integrative policies and interventions to mitigate long-term risks,support microbial ecosystem stability,promote sustainable health and agricultural outcomes.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance,which is encoded by antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs),has proliferated to become a growing threat to public health around the world.With technical advances,especially in the popularization of met...Antibiotic resistance,which is encoded by antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs),has proliferated to become a growing threat to public health around the world.With technical advances,especially in the popularization of metagenomic sequencing,scientists have gained the ability to decipher the profiles of ARGs in diverse samples with high accuracy at an accelerated speed.To analyze thousands of ARGs in a highthroughput way,standardized and integrated pipelines are needed.The new version(v3.0)of the widely used ARGs online analysis pipeline(ARGs-OAP)has made significant improvements to both the reference database-the structured ARG(SARG)database-and the integrated analysis pipeline.SARG has been enhanced with sequence curation to improve annotation reliability,incorporate emerging resistance genotypes,and determine rigorous mechanism classification.The database has been further organized and visualized online in the format of a tree-like structure with a dictionary.It has also been divided into sub-databases for different application scenarios.In addition,the ARGs-OAP has been improved with adjusted quantification methods,simplified tool implementation,and multiple functions with userdefined reference databases.Moreover,the online platform now provides a diverse biostatistical analysis workflow with visualization packages for the efficient interpretation of ARG profiles.The ARGs-OAP v3.0 with an improved database and analysis pipeline will benefit academia,governmental management,and consultation regarding risk assessment of the environmental prevalence of ARGs.展开更多
Bacterial infections,as a global public health problem,are a serious threat to human life and health safety with the significant increase of antibiotic-resist ant bacteria.Polyoxometalates(POMs),with their unique stru...Bacterial infections,as a global public health problem,are a serious threat to human life and health safety with the significant increase of antibiotic-resist ant bacteria.Polyoxometalates(POMs),with their unique structure,and high biocompatibility and designability,have received widespread attention in the field of antimicrobials,showing great potential,which has led to the design of various strategies to fabricate POM-based composites with antimicrobial properties.In this paper,the preparation strategies based on the biological components of POMs and their organic derivatives are reviewed,and the latest progress in the design and preparation of various antimicrobial POM-based materials and the practical application of POM antibacterial materials in some fields are introduced in detail from four aspects:pure inorganic POMs,POM-based materials bound to organic small molecules,POM-based materials bound to organic biomolecules,and POM-based nanocomposites.In addition,the potential antimicrobial mechanisms of POMs are summarized,and the significant advantages of POMs in collaboration with antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria are demonstrated.The limitations and prospects of current research are also discussed.It is hoped that this review can help researchers to keep abreast of the development of POM-based antimicrobial materials,thus promoting their development,application,and large-scale production.展开更多
As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regu...As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.展开更多
AIM： To verify the validity of the International Ascites Club guidelines for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis （SBP） in clinical practice. METHODS： All SBP episodes occurring in a group of consecutive...AIM： To verify the validity of the International Ascites Club guidelines for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis （SBP） in clinical practice. METHODS： All SBP episodes occurring in a group of consecutive cirrhotics were managed accordingly and included in the study. SBP was diagnosed when the ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear （PIN） cell count was 〉 250 cells/mm^3, and empirically treated with cefotaxime. RESULTS： Thirty-eight SBP episodes occurred in 32 cirrhotics （22 men/20 women; mean age： 58.6 ＋ 22.2 years）. Prevalence of SBP, in our population, was 27%. Ascitic fluid culture was positive in nine （24%） cases only. Eleven episodes were nosocomial and 71% community-acquired. Treatment with cefotaxime was successful in 59% of cases, while 41% of episodes required a modification of the initial antibiotic therapy because of a less-than 25% decrease in ascitic PMN count at 48 h. Change of antibiotic therapy led to the resolution of infection in 87% of episodes. Among the cases with positive culture, the initial antibiotic therapy with cefotaxime failed at a percentage （44%） similar to that of the whole series. In these cases, the isolated organisms were either resistant or with an inherent insufficient susceptibility to cefotaxime. CONCLUSION： In clinical practice, ascitic PMN count is a valid tool for starting a prompt antibiotic treatment andevaluating its efficacy. The initial treatment with cefotaxime failed more frequently than expected. An increase in healthcare-related infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens may explain this finding. A different first-line antibiotic treatment should be investigated.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes tha...Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes that antimicrobial resistance is a truly inter-domain problem in which human health, animal agriculture, and the environment are the core and interrelated components.This prospectus presents the status and issues relevant to the environmental component of antibiotic resistance, namely, the needs for advancing surveillance methodology: the environmental reservoirs and sources of resistance, namely, urban wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture production systems, soil receiving manure and biosolid, and the atmosphere which includes longer range dispersal.Recently, much work has been done describing antibiotic resistance genes in various environments;now quantitative, mechanistic,and hypothesis-driven studies are needed to identify practices that reduce real risks and maintain the effectiveness of our current antibiotics as long as possible. Advanced deployable detection methods for antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental samples are needed in order to provide the surveillance information to identify risks and define barriers that can reduce risks. Also needed are practices that reduce antibiotic use and thereby reduce selection for resistance, as well as practices that limit the dispersal of or destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their resistance genes that are feasible for these varied environmental domains.展开更多
The food safety of livestock is a critical issue between animals and humans due to their complex interactions.Pathogens have the potential to spread at every stage of the animal food handling process,including breedin...The food safety of livestock is a critical issue between animals and humans due to their complex interactions.Pathogens have the potential to spread at every stage of the animal food handling process,including breeding,processing,packaging,storage,transportation,marketing and consumption.In addition,application of the antibiotic usage in domestic animals is a controversial issue because,while they can combat food-borne zoonotic pathogens and promote animal growth and productivity,they can also lead to the transmission of antibioticresistant microorganisms and antibiotic-resistant genes across species and habitats.Coevolution of microbiomes may occur in humans and animals as well which may alter the structure of the human microbiome through animal food consumption.One Health is a holistic approach to systematically understand the complex relationships among humans,animals and environments which may provide effective countermeasures to solve food safety problems aforementioned.This paper depicts the main pathogen spectrum of livestock and animal products,summarizes the flow of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes between humans and livestock along the food-chain production,and the correlation of their microbiome is reviewed as well to advocate for deeper interdisciplinary communication and collaboration among researchers in medicine,epidemiology,veterinary medicine and ecology to promote One Health approaches to address the global food safety challenges.展开更多
Inappropriate use of antibiotics is globally creating public health hazards associated with antibiotic resistance.Bacteria often acquire antibiotic resistance by altering their genes through mutation or acquisition of...Inappropriate use of antibiotics is globally creating public health hazards associated with antibiotic resistance.Bacteria often acquire antibiotic resistance by altering their genes through mutation or acquisition of plasmid-encoding resistance genes.To treat drug-resistant strains of bacteria,the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system might be an alternative molecular tool to conventional antibiotics.It disables antibiotic-resistance genes(plasmids)or deactivates bacterial virulence factors and sensitizes drug-resistant bacteria through site-specific cleavage of crucial domains of their genome.This molecular tool uses phages as vehicles for CRISPR-cas9 delivery into bacteria.Since phages are species-specific and natural predators of bacteria,they are capable of easily injecting their DNA to target bacteria.The CRISPR system is packaged into phagemid vectors,in such a way that the bacteria containing the antibiotic-resistance plasmid sequence or that containing specific DNA sequences were made to be targeted.Upon CRISPR delivery,Cas9 is programmed to recognize target sequences through the guide RNA thereby causing double-strand cleavage of targeted bacterial DNA or loss of drug resistance plasmid,which results in cell death.Remarkably,the safety and efficacy of this newly developed biotechnology tool and the biocontrol product need to be further refined for its usage in clinical translation.展开更多
Recent studies have suggested that there may be a link between the use of in-feed antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human infections. It is believed that anaerobic digestion is a poten...Recent studies have suggested that there may be a link between the use of in-feed antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human infections. It is believed that anaerobic digestion is a potent method to reduce the antibiotic resistant bacteria present in waste from concentrated animal feeding operations. Cefazolin is a β-1actam antibiotic that is frequently used to treat the cows with mastitis in the Obihiro University herd. Disposal of untreated milk containing cefazolin residues promotes the occurrence of cefazolin resistant bacteria in the vicinity of farm, thus the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of antibiotic resistant bacteria in co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk obtained from cows treated for mastitis with cefazolin under thermophilic conditions （55 ~C）. Cow manure, digested slurry and waste milk （cefazolin residue concentration 2.17 mg/L） were used as the materials in order to have three digester contents; 100% slurry, 50% slurry ＋ 50% manure and 50% slurry ＋ 45% manure ＋ 5% waste milk. The experiment was carried out using batch digesters （1 L） with active volume of 800 mL at 55 ℃ for 20 days to determine the survival of cefazolin resistant bacteria and to observe the digester performance by determining the bio gas and methane yield using gas chromatpgrapby. Dilution plate method was used to determine the population densities of total and cefazolin resistant bacteria at 0, 10th and 20th day of digestion. Total and cefazolin resistant bacterial counts were reduced with time by several orders until 10th day of digestion and those were almost similar at day 20th. Highest daily biogas and methane yield were observed in the digester contained slurry, manure and waste milk during early digestion period （until 5th day）. The results suggest that thermophilic co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk would be a suitable technology for reducing antibiotic （cefazolin） resistant bacteria while obtaining better digester performance.展开更多
Pathogenic microbes with antibiotic resistance can thrive on municipal solid waste as nutrients and be aerosolized and transported to vicinities during waste disposal processes.However,the characterization of pathogen...Pathogenic microbes with antibiotic resistance can thrive on municipal solid waste as nutrients and be aerosolized and transported to vicinities during waste disposal processes.However,the characterization of pathogenic bioaerosols and assessment of their exposure risks are lacking.Herein,particle size,concentration,activity,antibiotic resistance,and pathogenicity of airborne microorganisms were assessed in different sectors of a typical landfill.Results showed that active sector in downwind direction has the highest bioaerosol level(1234 CFU/m3),while residential area has the highest activity(14.82 mg/L).Botanical deodorizer from mist cannon can effectively remove bioaerosol.Most bioaerosols can be inhaled into respiratory system till bronchi with sizes ranging from 2.1−3.3 and 3.3−4.7μm.Pathogenic bacteria(Bacilli,Bacillus,and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia)and allergenic fungi(Aspergillus,Cladosporium,and Curvularia)prevailed in landfill.Although high abundance of microbial volatile organic compounds(mVOCs)producing bioaerosols were detected,these mVOCs contributed little to odor issues in landfill.Notably,surrounding areas have higher levels of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)than inner landfill with tetC,acrB,acrF,mdtF,and bacA as dominant ones.Most ARGs were significantly correlated with bacterial community,while environmental parameters mainly influenced fungal prevalence.These findings can assist in reducing and preventing respiratory allergy or infection risks in occupational environments relating to waste management.展开更多
Burkina Faso(West Africa) is a tropical country with a high incidence of infectious diseases.The uncontrolled use of antibiotics against bacterial pathogens has given rise to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in ...Burkina Faso(West Africa) is a tropical country with a high incidence of infectious diseases.The uncontrolled use of antibiotics against bacterial pathogens has given rise to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in this country.The aims of this study were;i) to determine the prevalences of the most important pathogenic bacteria isolated in the town of Ouagadougou;ii) to identify the bacterial species which have acquired resistance as a result of antibiotic selection;iii) to compare antibiotic-resistances of Escherichia coli isolated from stool culture in the present study with results obtained in 2002 from strains collected in the same structure in Burkina Faso;iv) to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance in Burkina Faso in order to give local advice on the most appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.Six thousand two hundred and sixty four samples of blood,stools, urine,sputum,pus and vaginal secretion were collected and analyzed in Saint Camille Medical Center(SCMC) laboratory from May 2001 to May 2006.Out of the 6264 samples tested no pathogen was identified in 1583(25.31%),whilst 4681(74.73%) were positive with the incidence of the microrganisms isolated being as follows;Escherichia coli 1291(27.6%),Staphylococcus aureus 922(19.7%),Salmonella spp 561(12. 0%),Streptococcus spp 499(10.7%),Klebsiella spp 359(7.7%),Shigella spp(6.3%),Acinetobacter spp 266(5.7%) and others 783(16.7%).Among the isolated pathogens,the highest resistance was found to amoxicillin:Proteus spp 95,6%,Escherichia coli 78,2%,Salmonella spp 62,2%,Shigella spp 73,4% and Klebsiella spp 89,9%,followed by resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole.Comparing the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia cob’from stool cultures isolated during 1999-2000 to that of 2001-2006, a significant reduction was found which could be due to the improved use of antibiotics in recent years.The reduced antibiotic-resistance observed in pathogens isolated in Burkina Faso during this study as compared to previous data,could be the result of setting up microbiological epidemiological monitoring centres,in tropical countries,to better control the emergence of bacterial antibiotic-resistance.展开更多
Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomy...Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Methods:The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration,and time-to-kill assays.The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE,2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins,and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP,pH gradient,and the membrane potential study were conducted.Results:MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes.Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.Conclusions:Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane.Cell division,cell wall biosynthesis,and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,China(Grant Nos.:ZZ16-YQ-037,JIPY2023003,and JJPY2022022)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS)Innovation Fund(Grant No.:CI2021A00601).
文摘In clinical practice,antibiotics have historically been utilized for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.However,the gradual emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains has posed a significant challenge to this approach.In 2022,Escherichia coli,a Gram-negative bacterium renowned for its widespread pathogenicity and high virulence,emerged as the predominant pathogenic bacterium in China.The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant E.coli strains has rendered antibiotics insufficient to fight E.coli infections.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made remarkable contributions to the health of Chinese people for thousands of years,and its significant therapeutic effects have been proven in clinical practice.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the advances and mechanisms of TCM and its active ingredients against antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections.First of all,this review introduces the classification,antibiotic resistance characteristics and mechanisms of E.coli.Then,the TCM formulas and extracts are listed along with their active ingredients against E.coli,including extraction solution,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),and the antibacterial mechanisms.In addition,there is growing evidence supporting the synergistic therapeutic strategy of combining TCM with antibiotics for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant E.coli infections,and we provide a summary of this evidence and its underlying mechanisms.In conclusion,we present a comprehensive review of TCM and highlight its potential and advantages in the prevention and treatment of E.coli infections.We hold the opinion that TCM will play an important role in global health,pharmaceutical development,and livestock farming in the future.
基金This work was financially sup-ported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos:22171212,21771140,51771138,51979194)International Corporation Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology by China(No.21160710300)International Exchange Grant(IEC/NSFC/201078)through Royal Society UK and NSFC.
文摘Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully applied to efficiently mitigate the antibiotic pollution,including degradation of antibiotics,inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),and damage of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs).Under visible-light irradiation,CM/CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays exhibit a superior degradation efficiency on antibiotics(e.g.,up to 99%in 25 min for tetracycline hydrochloride,TC),due to the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),especially the dominant·O^(2−).It can fully inactivate E.coli(HB101)with initial number of~108 CFU mL^(−1) in 10 min,which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of 1D nanostructure,dissolved metal ions,and generated ROS.Meanwhile,it is able to damage ARGs after 180 min of photodegradation,including tetA(vs TC)of 3.3 log 10,aphA(vs kanamycin sulfate,KAN)of 3.4 log 10,and tnpA(vs ampicillin,AMP)of 4.4 log 10,respectively.This work explores a green way for treating antibiotic pollution under visible light.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">We are confronting a new threat in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria followed by epidemic spread in aquatic environments in metropolitan areas because damage from river floods is increasing remarkably in Japan due to global extreme weather. The sewer penetration rate is about 100% in Tokyo and reclaimed water from sewage treatment plants accounts for over 50% of all water in both the down- and mid-stream areas of local rivers. The water quality of these rivers, which contain microflora, seems to be seriously affected by reclaimed water. In this study, we collected water samples on July 17, 2018 and examined the behavior of antibiotic-resistant fecal coliforms in the stream of a sewage treatment plant in Tokyo. Extended-spectrum </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-lactamase (ESBL)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-producing fecal coliforms with encoding genes were found;the CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, TEM, and SHV groups were found to have survived in the final effluent to the river after sterilization with sodium hypochlorite.
文摘Background:Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus that leads to sexually transmitted infection.N.gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes infection to the mucus-secreting epithelial cells both in males and females.In 2017 the center for disease control and the World Health Organization published the list of global priority pathogens-12 with denting therapeutic options,including antibiotic-resistant N.gonorrhoeae.Methods:we thoroughly characterized zoliflodacin antibiotic,its clinical trials and effect on human health by using different keywords like“zoliflodacin”,“COVID-19”,“clinical trials”from different data sources like Pub-Med,Google-Scholar,and Science-Direct.Results:Zoliflodacin shows a therapeutic approach against N.gonorrhoeae.It acts by inhibiting bacterial type 2 topoisomerase with the binding sites in bacterial gyrase.It shows promising results against N.gonorrhoeae.Zoliflodacin is effective in treating gonococcal urogenital and rectal infection.Conclusion:Currently,antibiotic is the only option to treat N.gonorrhoeae with no vaccine available to treat it.The new drug,zoliflodacin,specifically targets antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea and it has given a hope to researchers.This review elaborates the discovery of zoliflodacin,its mechanism of action,current clinical trials,and its effectiveness.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion(KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(20220252)by the Gyeongsang National University Fund for Professors on.
文摘Antibiotics are widely used in humans,livestock,and aquaculture,but they are not removed fully during wastewater treatment,leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments.This contributes to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),posing public health and ecosystem risks.Although antibiotic use has decreased,the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes via integrons among ARB remains a concern.Traditionally,methods such as antibiotic susceptibility testing(AST)and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)tests have been used to identify ARBs.However,these methods are limited by their variability,the necessity for time-consuming reculture,and the inability to detect viable but non-culturable(VBNC)bacteria.To overcome such limitations,the ability of propidium monoazide quantitative PCR(PMA-qPCR)to selectively detect only viable bacteria,excluding dead cells,was evaluated.This study assessed ARBs in oyster,sea pineapple,and fish farms along Korea's coast using both conventional AST and MIC tests alongside PMA-qPCR.Vibrio spp.,frequently detected at all sites,were used as the target species.PMA-qPCR successfully detected VBNC bacteria that were undetectable in MIC tests,highlighting the potential for VBNC bacteria to be regenerated under favorable con-ditions and contribute to the spread of resistance genes.The discrepancies between MIC and PMA-qPCR results underscore the need for further development of PMA-qPCR methods to better assess antibiotic resistance and to determine optimal antibiotic dosages.
基金Supported by Capital Medical Development and Research Foundation(No.SF-2007-Ⅲ-01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8107295)
文摘Objective： To investigate the bactericidal effects of Jinghua Weikang Capsule （荆花胃康胶丸） and its major component Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori. Methods： Four clinical antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains were isolated and incubated in liquid medium containing Jinghua Weikang Capsule or Chenopodium ambrosioides L. By means of time-kill curve method, the average colony counts and bactericidal rate were calculated at time points of 0, 4, 8 and 24 h after the incubation and the time-kill curves were charted. Results： Both Jinghua Weikang Capsule and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. at a concentration of 0.64 g/L showed obvious bactericidal effect against antibiotic-resistant H. pylori after 4 h of incubation. Conclusion： Jinghua Weikang Capsule and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. are considered to be active against antibiotic-resistant H. pylori in vitro.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81901790 and 21803006)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7204274)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Interdisciplinary Medicine Seed Fund of Peking University(BMU2017MX015)。
文摘With the development and rising of antimicrobial resistance,rapid and effective killings of bacteria are urgently needed,especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and bacterial biofilms that are usually hard to be treated with conventional antibiotics.Here,a rapid and broad-spectrum antibacterial strategy is demonstrated through photothermal ablation with MXene and light.Ti3C2 MXenes,when combined with 808 nm light,show significant antibacterial effects in just 20 min.The antibacterial strategy is effective to 15 bacterial species tested,including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE).In addition,the rapid antibacterial strategy works for MRSA biofilms,by damaging the structures as well as killing bacteria in biofilms.Furthermore,the investigation of the antibacterial mechanisms shows that Ti3C2 with light kills bacteria mainly physically through inserting/contact and photothermal effect.This work broadens the potential applications of MXene and provides a way to eradicate bacteria and biofilms physically,without the likelihood of resistance development.
基金supported by the Fund of AHBMC-AHU Joint Laboratory of Biomedical Material(No.2022340102000659)the 512 Talent Cultivation Plan of Bengbu Medical College(No.51201313)+1 种基金the Young Scientist Fund of Bengbu Medical College(No.2021byyfyyq02)the Scientific Research Fund of Anhui Provincial Education Department(No.2023AH040290).
文摘In this paper,hierarchical ultra-thin core/shell Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)nano-arrays with Mo atomic site grown on nickel foam(Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)-NF)were designed and synthesized through the hydrothermal method.When they are tested as photoelectric catalysis electrodes to anti-bacteria,the Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)within core/shell structure exhibits about several times higher rate capability and outstanding cycling stability than traditional photocatalysts.After reacting with water and oxygen,large numbers of extracellular reactive oxygen species on the surface of Ni_(3)S_(2)@MoS_(2)are observed.These reactive oxygen species can penetrate bacterial cells,resulting in a rapid rise of intracellular reactive oxygen species in a short time.The integrity of the bacterial cell membrane is also destroyed,which can be observed in both scanning and transmission images.The synthetic primer was used to specifically label the gene fragment with antibiotic resistance,which was oxidized and eliminated after the photoelectron catalysis(PEC)reaction,proving that this material for PEC antibacterial can not only kill bacteria.Successful elimination of antibiotic-resistance gene fragments can also be achieved.
基金the Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Mining(CBUACESM)at Copperbelt University in Kitwe,Zambia for funding this work。
文摘The Earth's environment is undergoing significant transformation due to mining,pollution,and climate change.Although mining is essential for economic development,it contributes significantly to the release of potentially harmful elements(PHEs)that threaten human health and destabilize microbial communities.Anthropogenic climate change,driven by greenhouse gas emissions,alters water availability and soil composition,further affecting ecosystem balance and microbial diversity.This review aggregates findings from studies covering the last two decades to assess how mining pollution and climate change impact microbial diversity,their adaptation mechanisms,and the associated health risks.It reveals that environmental stressors favour resistant microbial taxa while eliminating sensitive species,thereby reshaping microbial ecosystems.Microorganisms demonstrate genetic,biochemical,and physiological adaptations that enable them to survive in polluted or changing environments,often resulting in a higher prevalence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant strains.These variations in microbial dynamics contribute to health challenges such as respiratory infections,foodborne illnesses,and increased exposure in children and immune-compromised individuals.The review highlights the linkages between environmental degradation,microbial ecology,and human health,underscoring the need for integrative policies and interventions to mitigate long-term risks,support microbial ecosystem stability,promote sustainable health and agricultural outcomes.
基金supported by a Theme-based Research Scheme grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(T21-705/20-N)。
文摘Antibiotic resistance,which is encoded by antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs),has proliferated to become a growing threat to public health around the world.With technical advances,especially in the popularization of metagenomic sequencing,scientists have gained the ability to decipher the profiles of ARGs in diverse samples with high accuracy at an accelerated speed.To analyze thousands of ARGs in a highthroughput way,standardized and integrated pipelines are needed.The new version(v3.0)of the widely used ARGs online analysis pipeline(ARGs-OAP)has made significant improvements to both the reference database-the structured ARG(SARG)database-and the integrated analysis pipeline.SARG has been enhanced with sequence curation to improve annotation reliability,incorporate emerging resistance genotypes,and determine rigorous mechanism classification.The database has been further organized and visualized online in the format of a tree-like structure with a dictionary.It has also been divided into sub-databases for different application scenarios.In addition,the ARGs-OAP has been improved with adjusted quantification methods,simplified tool implementation,and multiple functions with userdefined reference databases.Moreover,the online platform now provides a diverse biostatistical analysis workflow with visualization packages for the efficient interpretation of ARG profiles.The ARGs-OAP v3.0 with an improved database and analysis pipeline will benefit academia,governmental management,and consultation regarding risk assessment of the environmental prevalence of ARGs.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21801153)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023MB065)+2 种基金the Shandong Province Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Project(No.M-2022258)the Young Scientist Development Foundation of Shandong First Medical University(No.202201-002)the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(No.2019LJ003)
文摘Bacterial infections,as a global public health problem,are a serious threat to human life and health safety with the significant increase of antibiotic-resist ant bacteria.Polyoxometalates(POMs),with their unique structure,and high biocompatibility and designability,have received widespread attention in the field of antimicrobials,showing great potential,which has led to the design of various strategies to fabricate POM-based composites with antimicrobial properties.In this paper,the preparation strategies based on the biological components of POMs and their organic derivatives are reviewed,and the latest progress in the design and preparation of various antimicrobial POM-based materials and the practical application of POM antibacterial materials in some fields are introduced in detail from four aspects:pure inorganic POMs,POM-based materials bound to organic small molecules,POM-based materials bound to organic biomolecules,and POM-based nanocomposites.In addition,the potential antimicrobial mechanisms of POMs are summarized,and the significant advantages of POMs in collaboration with antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria are demonstrated.The limitations and prospects of current research are also discussed.It is hoped that this review can help researchers to keep abreast of the development of POM-based antimicrobial materials,thus promoting their development,application,and large-scale production.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1800400)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(BK20220746).
文摘As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.
文摘AIM： To verify the validity of the International Ascites Club guidelines for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis （SBP） in clinical practice. METHODS： All SBP episodes occurring in a group of consecutive cirrhotics were managed accordingly and included in the study. SBP was diagnosed when the ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear （PIN） cell count was 〉 250 cells/mm^3, and empirically treated with cefotaxime. RESULTS： Thirty-eight SBP episodes occurred in 32 cirrhotics （22 men/20 women; mean age： 58.6 ＋ 22.2 years）. Prevalence of SBP, in our population, was 27%. Ascitic fluid culture was positive in nine （24%） cases only. Eleven episodes were nosocomial and 71% community-acquired. Treatment with cefotaxime was successful in 59% of cases, while 41% of episodes required a modification of the initial antibiotic therapy because of a less-than 25% decrease in ascitic PMN count at 48 h. Change of antibiotic therapy led to the resolution of infection in 87% of episodes. Among the cases with positive culture, the initial antibiotic therapy with cefotaxime failed at a percentage （44%） similar to that of the whole series. In these cases, the isolated organisms were either resistant or with an inherent insufficient susceptibility to cefotaxime. CONCLUSION： In clinical practice, ascitic PMN count is a valid tool for starting a prompt antibiotic treatment andevaluating its efficacy. The initial treatment with cefotaxime failed more frequently than expected. An increase in healthcare-related infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens may explain this finding. A different first-line antibiotic treatment should be investigated.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21677149)the Outstanding Youth Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20150050)+6 种基金the Innovative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ISSASIP1616)funded by the Center for Health Impacts of Agriculture (CHIA) of Michigan State University, USAfunded by Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, the Canadian Genomics Research Development Initiative (GRDI-AMR)the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) through the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR)the National Funds from FCT—Fundacao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (No. UID/Multi/ 50016/2013)funded by Academy of Finland and the Joint Programming Initiative “Water Challenges for a Changing World” (Water JPI)funded by the Collaborative Research Fund of Hong Kong (CRF), China (No. C6033-14G)
文摘Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes that antimicrobial resistance is a truly inter-domain problem in which human health, animal agriculture, and the environment are the core and interrelated components.This prospectus presents the status and issues relevant to the environmental component of antibiotic resistance, namely, the needs for advancing surveillance methodology: the environmental reservoirs and sources of resistance, namely, urban wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture production systems, soil receiving manure and biosolid, and the atmosphere which includes longer range dispersal.Recently, much work has been done describing antibiotic resistance genes in various environments;now quantitative, mechanistic,and hypothesis-driven studies are needed to identify practices that reduce real risks and maintain the effectiveness of our current antibiotics as long as possible. Advanced deployable detection methods for antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental samples are needed in order to provide the surveillance information to identify risks and define barriers that can reduce risks. Also needed are practices that reduce antibiotic use and thereby reduce selection for resistance, as well as practices that limit the dispersal of or destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their resistance genes that are feasible for these varied environmental domains.
基金C.L.acquired funding for this project(The National Natural Science Foundation of China:32170141)。
文摘The food safety of livestock is a critical issue between animals and humans due to their complex interactions.Pathogens have the potential to spread at every stage of the animal food handling process,including breeding,processing,packaging,storage,transportation,marketing and consumption.In addition,application of the antibiotic usage in domestic animals is a controversial issue because,while they can combat food-borne zoonotic pathogens and promote animal growth and productivity,they can also lead to the transmission of antibioticresistant microorganisms and antibiotic-resistant genes across species and habitats.Coevolution of microbiomes may occur in humans and animals as well which may alter the structure of the human microbiome through animal food consumption.One Health is a holistic approach to systematically understand the complex relationships among humans,animals and environments which may provide effective countermeasures to solve food safety problems aforementioned.This paper depicts the main pathogen spectrum of livestock and animal products,summarizes the flow of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes between humans and livestock along the food-chain production,and the correlation of their microbiome is reviewed as well to advocate for deeper interdisciplinary communication and collaboration among researchers in medicine,epidemiology,veterinary medicine and ecology to promote One Health approaches to address the global food safety challenges.
文摘Inappropriate use of antibiotics is globally creating public health hazards associated with antibiotic resistance.Bacteria often acquire antibiotic resistance by altering their genes through mutation or acquisition of plasmid-encoding resistance genes.To treat drug-resistant strains of bacteria,the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system might be an alternative molecular tool to conventional antibiotics.It disables antibiotic-resistance genes(plasmids)or deactivates bacterial virulence factors and sensitizes drug-resistant bacteria through site-specific cleavage of crucial domains of their genome.This molecular tool uses phages as vehicles for CRISPR-cas9 delivery into bacteria.Since phages are species-specific and natural predators of bacteria,they are capable of easily injecting their DNA to target bacteria.The CRISPR system is packaged into phagemid vectors,in such a way that the bacteria containing the antibiotic-resistance plasmid sequence or that containing specific DNA sequences were made to be targeted.Upon CRISPR delivery,Cas9 is programmed to recognize target sequences through the guide RNA thereby causing double-strand cleavage of targeted bacterial DNA or loss of drug resistance plasmid,which results in cell death.Remarkably,the safety and efficacy of this newly developed biotechnology tool and the biocontrol product need to be further refined for its usage in clinical translation.
文摘Recent studies have suggested that there may be a link between the use of in-feed antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human infections. It is believed that anaerobic digestion is a potent method to reduce the antibiotic resistant bacteria present in waste from concentrated animal feeding operations. Cefazolin is a β-1actam antibiotic that is frequently used to treat the cows with mastitis in the Obihiro University herd. Disposal of untreated milk containing cefazolin residues promotes the occurrence of cefazolin resistant bacteria in the vicinity of farm, thus the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of antibiotic resistant bacteria in co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk obtained from cows treated for mastitis with cefazolin under thermophilic conditions （55 ~C）. Cow manure, digested slurry and waste milk （cefazolin residue concentration 2.17 mg/L） were used as the materials in order to have three digester contents; 100% slurry, 50% slurry ＋ 50% manure and 50% slurry ＋ 45% manure ＋ 5% waste milk. The experiment was carried out using batch digesters （1 L） with active volume of 800 mL at 55 ℃ for 20 days to determine the survival of cefazolin resistant bacteria and to observe the digester performance by determining the bio gas and methane yield using gas chromatpgrapby. Dilution plate method was used to determine the population densities of total and cefazolin resistant bacteria at 0, 10th and 20th day of digestion. Total and cefazolin resistant bacterial counts were reduced with time by several orders until 10th day of digestion and those were almost similar at day 20th. Highest daily biogas and methane yield were observed in the digester contained slurry, manure and waste milk during early digestion period （until 5th day）. The results suggest that thermophilic co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk would be a suitable technology for reducing antibiotic （cefazolin） resistant bacteria while obtaining better digester performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1901210,41877363,42130611,and 42177410)the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021A0505030070)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515010599)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032)the Young S&T Talent Training Program of Guangdong Provincial Association,China(No.2022QNRC23).
文摘Pathogenic microbes with antibiotic resistance can thrive on municipal solid waste as nutrients and be aerosolized and transported to vicinities during waste disposal processes.However,the characterization of pathogenic bioaerosols and assessment of their exposure risks are lacking.Herein,particle size,concentration,activity,antibiotic resistance,and pathogenicity of airborne microorganisms were assessed in different sectors of a typical landfill.Results showed that active sector in downwind direction has the highest bioaerosol level(1234 CFU/m3),while residential area has the highest activity(14.82 mg/L).Botanical deodorizer from mist cannon can effectively remove bioaerosol.Most bioaerosols can be inhaled into respiratory system till bronchi with sizes ranging from 2.1−3.3 and 3.3−4.7μm.Pathogenic bacteria(Bacilli,Bacillus,and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia)and allergenic fungi(Aspergillus,Cladosporium,and Curvularia)prevailed in landfill.Although high abundance of microbial volatile organic compounds(mVOCs)producing bioaerosols were detected,these mVOCs contributed little to odor issues in landfill.Notably,surrounding areas have higher levels of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)than inner landfill with tetC,acrB,acrF,mdtF,and bacA as dominant ones.Most ARGs were significantly correlated with bacterial community,while environmental parameters mainly influenced fungal prevalence.These findings can assist in reducing and preventing respiratory allergy or infection risks in occupational environments relating to waste management.
基金the Italian Episcopal Conference(C.E. I) and to the RADIM House,Roma,Italy,to the "Fondation Jean-PaulⅡpour le Sahel" and Doctor Luigi SPARANO for the financial support
文摘Burkina Faso(West Africa) is a tropical country with a high incidence of infectious diseases.The uncontrolled use of antibiotics against bacterial pathogens has given rise to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in this country.The aims of this study were;i) to determine the prevalences of the most important pathogenic bacteria isolated in the town of Ouagadougou;ii) to identify the bacterial species which have acquired resistance as a result of antibiotic selection;iii) to compare antibiotic-resistances of Escherichia coli isolated from stool culture in the present study with results obtained in 2002 from strains collected in the same structure in Burkina Faso;iv) to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance in Burkina Faso in order to give local advice on the most appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.Six thousand two hundred and sixty four samples of blood,stools, urine,sputum,pus and vaginal secretion were collected and analyzed in Saint Camille Medical Center(SCMC) laboratory from May 2001 to May 2006.Out of the 6264 samples tested no pathogen was identified in 1583(25.31%),whilst 4681(74.73%) were positive with the incidence of the microrganisms isolated being as follows;Escherichia coli 1291(27.6%),Staphylococcus aureus 922(19.7%),Salmonella spp 561(12. 0%),Streptococcus spp 499(10.7%),Klebsiella spp 359(7.7%),Shigella spp(6.3%),Acinetobacter spp 266(5.7%) and others 783(16.7%).Among the isolated pathogens,the highest resistance was found to amoxicillin:Proteus spp 95,6%,Escherichia coli 78,2%,Salmonella spp 62,2%,Shigella spp 73,4% and Klebsiella spp 89,9%,followed by resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole.Comparing the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia cob’from stool cultures isolated during 1999-2000 to that of 2001-2006, a significant reduction was found which could be due to the improved use of antibiotics in recent years.The reduced antibiotic-resistance observed in pathogens isolated in Burkina Faso during this study as compared to previous data,could be the result of setting up microbiological epidemiological monitoring centres,in tropical countries,to better control the emergence of bacterial antibiotic-resistance.
基金supported by the funds of Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia and Universiti Putra Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2017/SKK11/UPM/01/1) and Putra Grant (GP/2017/9571800)
文摘Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Methods:The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration,and time-to-kill assays.The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE,2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins,and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP,pH gradient,and the membrane potential study were conducted.Results:MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes.Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.Conclusions:Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane.Cell division,cell wall biosynthesis,and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.
