Background:This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the antibiogram profile of Gram-negative bacterial infections at Yastebsheron Hospital.The study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens,assess antimicrobial...Background:This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the antibiogram profile of Gram-negative bacterial infections at Yastebsheron Hospital.The study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens,assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns,and develop evidence-based recommendations for empirical antibiotic therapy.Methods:A total of 1,182 clinical specimens(urine,swabs,aspirates,and cerebrospinal fluid)collected in 2022 were analyzed following standard microbiological procedures.Culture and sensitivity testing were performed according to established protocols.Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel,with results presented through descriptive statistics.Results:Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 48.4%of isolates.Urinary tract infections(UTIs)were the most prevalent,with a significantly higher incidence among female patients(67%).Escherichia coli(59.8%)was the predominant uropathogen.Among the frequently isolated pathogens E.coli(52.5%),Enterobacter spp.(21.9%),Proteus mirabilis(9.8%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.4%)meropenem demonstrated the highest efficacy.Levofloxacin showed excellent activity against Enterobacter spp.and P.mirabilis(92%susceptibility),while amikacin exhibited moderate effectiveness against E.coli(78%).Morganella morganii displayed the highest multidrug-resistance rates.Colistin was universally effective against P.aeruginosa.Third-generation cephalosporins and nalidixic acid showed limited efficacy against E.coli(21-41%susceptibility).P.mirabilis,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and M.morganii demonstrated low susceptibility to most tested antibiotics.Conclusion:Regular antibiogram updates are essential for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends and guiding empirical therapy.The study findings support the use of meropenem and levofloxacin as first-line options while highlighting concerning resistance patterns to cephalosporins and quinolones.Local susceptibility data remain crucial for optimizing antibiotic selection and stewardship efforts.展开更多
Background: ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the main causes of nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections, are commonly associated with therapeutic impasses. Surveillance of these multidrug-re...Background: ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the main causes of nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections, are commonly associated with therapeutic impasses. Surveillance of these multidrug-resistant pathogens is a crucial tool for controlling and preventing infections. This surveillance involves the use of appropriate molecular and phenotypic typing techniques. The choice of techniques is based on criteria such as discriminatory power, intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, epidemiological concordance, ease of use and cost. The aim of our study was to identify clusters of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae) strains circulating in neonatology using quantitative antibiogram (QA) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from a total of 513 samples. These various samples are taken from newborns, healthcare personnel, and the environment. K. pneumoniae identification followed standard bacteriological procedures and was confirmed using the Vitek® 2 (bioMérieux). The detection of the ESBL phenotype was performed using the synergy test. QA and PFGE were used to identify clonal relationships between the various strains isolated. Concordance between these two methods was assessed by calculating Cohen’s KAPPA coefficient and Simpson’s diversity index. Results: Among the 55 K. pneumoniae strains included in this study, 58.2% (32/55) were found to be Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers. Most of these strains were isolated from neonatal samples (blood samples and rectal swabs). The quantitative antibiogram method applied to 28 out of the 32 ESBL-producing strains revealed that the isolates were grouped into 5 clusters. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis performed on a total of 16 ESBL-producing strains showed the existence of four profiles. A perfect concordance was observed between the two methods. Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the existence of clonal strains of various origins within neonatology units.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultr...Objective:To evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultry meat and confirmed with the help of biochemical and immunological test.Antibiogram of the isolates were examined by following CLS1 methods.Results:A total number of 209 poultry meat samples were collected and studied in this study.Out of which,5.26%were found contaminated with Salmonella while 18.18%were found contaminated with S.aureus.All the Salmonella and S.aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic.About 72.72%of the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline,while S.aureus isolates were also found highly resistant to tetracycline equal to 44.73%.One of the Salmonella isolates showed multi-drug resistance to almost six antibiotics out of nine antibiotics used in the study.Multidrug resistant S.aureus isolates were also found in the study.Conclusions:The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella and S.aureus in retail poultry meat.It is a potential threat to consumer health.To reduce the risk of contamination,good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage.展开更多
Objective: To reveal the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)(MRSA) in poultry samples and to determine the antibiogram pattern against five antibiotics.Methods: Samples from different po...Objective: To reveal the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)(MRSA) in poultry samples and to determine the antibiogram pattern against five antibiotics.Methods: Samples from different poultry farm of Chittagong city, Bangladesh were examined for S. aureus by different biochemical tests and confirmed as MRSA by identifying the presence of mec A gene using PCR. Antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus was determined by antibiotic disk diffusion method.Results: In this study, a total of 60 samples(30 from nasal swabs and 30 from cloacal swabs) were used, of which 54 were confirmed as S. aureus by different biochemical tests. Among these, 12 were confirmed as MRSA by detecting mec A gene using PCR.During antibiogram study, both nasal and cloacal samples showed the highest resistance against penicillin-G and the lowest resistance was observed against neomycin.Conclusions: Based on the present study, it can be said that different antibiotics are used extensively in poultry that leads to MRSA and is alarming for human health.展开更多
To study the molecular characteristics, antibiogram and prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MDRSA) isolated from milk obtained from culled dairy cows and from cows with acute cli...To study the molecular characteristics, antibiogram and prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MDRSA) isolated from milk obtained from culled dairy cows and from cows with acute clinical mastitis.MethodsBacteria were cultured from 188 quarter milk samples obtained from cows before culling (n = 139) and from cows affected with acute mastitis (n = 49) belonging to 10 dairy farms. The bacteria were identified using colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical characteristics. S. aureus isolates were then subjected to molecular characterization using PCR targeting 16S rRNA and mecA gene to identify Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The antibiogram of all isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 10 commonly used antibiotics in dairy farms.ResultsS. aureus was isolated from 19 (13.7%) samples obtained from culled cows and 11 (22.4%) samples obtained from cows with acute mastitis. In both culled cows and cows with acute mastitis, in vitro antibiogram revealed that 100% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, doxycyclin, and trimethoprim/sulpha. The prevalence of MRSA in milk of culled cows and cows with acute mastitis was 26.3% and 18.2%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 3.7% among all samples. All MRSA isolates were completely resistant to all tested antibiotics. All MRSA isolates were positive for the presence of the mecA gene.ConclusionsMRSA carrying the mecA gene were isolated from mastitic milk from dairy cows in Jordan for the first time. MRSA may pose a potential health risk to the public, farm workers and veterinarians.展开更多
Cholera is a significant public health threat across the globe, especially in coastal regions with poor water supply. This study was carried out to determine the antibiogram, genomic, and phylogeny of stool and seafoo...Cholera is a significant public health threat across the globe, especially in coastal regions with poor water supply. This study was carried out to determine the antibiogram, genomic, and phylogeny of stool and seafood isolates from some cholera-prone coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 400 stool samples and 42 different seafood were aseptically collected and examined using standard microbiology and molecular techniques. An antibiogram of isolates from seafood and stool samples was assayed. Genes for virulence, resistance, and relatedness of bacteria identified were also determined. The isolates from the stool and seafood were examined for susceptibility to some selected antibiotics. The findings showed the prevalence rate of cholera in the communities as follows: 16% in Kaa, 30% in Andoni, 4% in Ogu/Bolo, and 10% in Abua/Odual. The isolates from stool were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin with a susceptibility rate of 94.12% each while 100% resistance was recorded against Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 94.12% against Amikacin and 88.24% against Colistin. For the sea foods, the isolates were susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin with a susceptibility rate of 91.43% and 82.86% respectively. Resistance was also recorded against Colistin (88.57%) and Azithromycin (82.86%). Testing the isolates for the presence of 16SrRNA genes showed that all were positive with 1500 bp 16SrRNA gene band size. TEM, OXA, SHV, and CTX-M resistant genes were detected whereas the virulence genes were TDH and AcrB. The phylogenetic analysis revealed isolates from seafood to be Aeromonas dhakensis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio azureus, and Providencia rettgeri, while in stool samples they were Enterobacter sichuanensis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Providencia sneebia, and Proteus vulgaris. Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were common isolates from both seafood and stool samples. This study has shown that not all reported cases of cholera are caused by Vibrio cholerae. Therefore, attention should be paid to other water-borne bacteria in every outbreak, especially in coastal communities.展开更多
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that represents a major problem in many hospitals because of its increased resistance to antibiotics and the ability to cause nosocomial ...Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that represents a major problem in many hospitals because of its increased resistance to antibiotics and the ability to cause nosocomial infections. The present study aimed to phenotype and genotype isolates of P. aeruginosa from inpatients with UTIs at Urology and Nephrology center, Mansoura, Egypt to study their relatedness. Methods: Thirty nine isolates of P. aeruginosa were phenotypically typed by determination of O-serotypes by slide agglutination technique and antimicrobial resistance patterns by disk-diffusion method. The genetic diversity of isolates was illustrated by performing RAPD-PCR using M13 primer. Results: Serotypes O11, O6 and O10 were the most prevalent. Isolates showed high resistance rates to antipseudmonal antibiotics with high incidence (51.3%) of multidrug resistance (MDR). Amikacin was the most effective. A significant correlation was found between O6, O10 and MDR. A relatively high polymorphism was demonstrated among P. aeruginosa isolates by using RAPD-M13 fingerprinting. Cross transmission was suggested by phenotypically and clonally identical isolates. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the role of combining both classical and molecular typing as a valuable mean to study the origin and cross transmission of P. aeruginosa in UTIs for better assessment of treatment and infection control.展开更多
Vibrionaceae are a common bacterial disease that affects both wild and farmed marine fishes and causes tremendous economic losses globally.In order to investigate the prevalence,molecular typing,antibiogram and pathog...Vibrionaceae are a common bacterial disease that affects both wild and farmed marine fishes and causes tremendous economic losses globally.In order to investigate the prevalence,molecular typing,antibiogram and pathogenicity of vibriosis among cultured sea bream,two hundred and fifty Gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)were collected randomly from different mariculture farms at Ismailia and Port Said Governorates.The collected fish were subjected to clinical,postmortem,bacteriological,and histopathological examinations.The majority of infected fish displayed ascites,hemorrhagic protruded anus,hemorrhages in pectoral,dorsal and tail fins,rotten gills,thinning of the head,discoloration of the skin,besides ulcer in the mouth and on the skin.The prevalence of Vibrio infection mostly was noticed at summer(35%)and spring(26%)then(22.5%)in autumn,where the kidney was the most predominant affected organ(45%).Vibrio 16s rRNA gene PCR extension generated a 663 pb amplified DNA bands that characteristic for all tested vibrio isolates.Blasting identified as V.harveyi and the other V.parahaemolyticus.The histopathological examination of naturally infected Gilthead seabream exhibited mild to moderate vacuolar degeneration of the hepatic parenchyma with tubular-nephrosis and massive renal cellular destruction.The splenic tissues showed focal activated melanomacrophage centers.The antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out,where the recovered strains were completely sensitive to novobiocin and highly resistant to ampicillin.In conclusion,the synergism of phenotypic and genotypic characterization is a valuable epidemiological tool for the diagnosis of Vibrio species.Strict veterinary hygienic regulations should be imple-mented to control such infections and minimize the antimicrobial use in fish farms.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 threats to global health and it is estimated around 10 millions of deaths per year are associated with AMR until 2050. Burkina Faso is also facing the emergence and ...Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 threats to global health and it is estimated around 10 millions of deaths per year are associated with AMR until 2050. Burkina Faso is also facing the emergence and spread of AMR of several bacteria resistant strains such as those of public health concerns under surveillance Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) clinical isolates from patients attending the bacteriology laboratory of the Centre MURAZ in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Clinical isolates from urine, pus, stool, and semen were collected from April to June 2017. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 compact automated system according to EUCAST version 2015 recommendations. ESBL detection was then performed on the Muller-Hinton medium using the combined disc method. One hundred (100) strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 100 patients, including 52% of ESBLS. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most commonly isolated ESBL [(84.62, 44/72) ESBL], followed by Klebsiella spp. [(40%, 06/15) ESBL], then Enterobacter spp. [(40%, 2/5) ESBL]. Risk factor analysis revealed that ESBL-PE infection was frequently found in pus samples (P = 0.042;[OR] = 3.16;95% [CI] = 1.04 - 9.61) and that E. coli was the strain most likely to harbour ESBL (P = 0.008;[OR] = 3.60;95% [CI] = 1.40 - 9.31). This study reports a high prevalence of ESBL-PE associated with strong resistance to quinolones and cotrimoxazole (over 80%), which calls for increased surveillance of these superbugs, the adoption of a rational antibiotic prescription policy, and rigorous hygiene measures to prevent the spread of these multi-resistant bacteria.展开更多
Objective:To record surveillance,antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.Methods:Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection(UT...Objective:To record surveillance,antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.Methods:Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection(UTI)-causing bacteria that were cultured on suitable selective media and identified by biochemical tests;and their antibiograms were ascertained by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method,in each 6-month interval of the study period,using 18 antibiotics of five different classes.Results:From wards and cabins,1 245 samples were collected,from which 996 strains of bacteria belonging to 11 species were isolated,during April 2011 to September2012.Two Gram-positive,Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis),and nine Gram-negative bacteria,Acinetobacter baumannii,Citrobactcr sp.,Escherichia coli,Enterobacter aerogenes,Klebsiella pneumoniae.Klebsiella oxytoca,Proteus mirabilis,Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated.Both S.aureus and E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant,and resistant-strains of all pathogens increased in each 6-month period of study.Particularly,all Gram-negatives were resistant to nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole,the most preferred antibiotics of empiric therapy for UTI.Conclusions:Antibiograms of 11 UTI-causing bacteria recorded in this study indicated moderately higher numbers of strains resistant to each antibiotic studied,generating the fear of precipitating fervent episodes in public health particularly with bacteria,Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and S.aureus.Moreover,vancomycin resistance in strains of S.aureus and E.faecalis is a matter of concern.展开更多
Objective:To determine the proportion of imported frozen fish contaminated with Salmonella among retail food stores and supermarkets in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 223 frozen freshwater fis...Objective:To determine the proportion of imported frozen fish contaminated with Salmonella among retail food stores and supermarkets in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 223 frozen freshwater fish purchased from different supermarkets and grocery stores were analyzed for the presence of foodborne pathogen Salmonella.The isolation of Salmonella was determined and confirmed by using the methods of US Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual.CHROMagar Salmonella plus,biochemical tests and API 20E strips.Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar,as described by Kirby-Bauer.in accordance with the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results:Out of the total 223 fish samples(20 of catfish,18 of carfu,20 of mirgal,25 of milkfish,35 of mackerel,75 of tilapia,and 30 of rohu),89(39.9%)were tested positive for Salmonella.The prevalence of positive samples were reported for the freshwater fish of pangas(60.0%,n=12),carfu(27.7%,n=5),mirgal(35.0%,n=7),milkfish(52.0%,n=13),mackerel(31.4%,n=11),tilapia imported from Thailand(64.0%,n=16),tilapia imported from India(28.0%,n=14),rohu imported from Thailand(26.6%,n=4)and rohu imported from Myanmar(46.6%,n=7).A total of 140 isolates of Salmonella spp.were yielded from at least seven different types of frozen freshwater fish imported from 5 different countries and were tested for their susceptibility to 16 selected antimicrobial agents.The highest antibiotic resistance was observed to tetracycline(90.71%)followed by ampicillin(70%)and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(45%).Conclusions:The obtained results of this study shows that these raw retail imported frozen freshwater fish are contaminated with potentially pathogenic Salmonella spp.And the study recommend and suggest that there is a need for adequate consumer measures.展开更多
文摘Background:This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the antibiogram profile of Gram-negative bacterial infections at Yastebsheron Hospital.The study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens,assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns,and develop evidence-based recommendations for empirical antibiotic therapy.Methods:A total of 1,182 clinical specimens(urine,swabs,aspirates,and cerebrospinal fluid)collected in 2022 were analyzed following standard microbiological procedures.Culture and sensitivity testing were performed according to established protocols.Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel,with results presented through descriptive statistics.Results:Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 48.4%of isolates.Urinary tract infections(UTIs)were the most prevalent,with a significantly higher incidence among female patients(67%).Escherichia coli(59.8%)was the predominant uropathogen.Among the frequently isolated pathogens E.coli(52.5%),Enterobacter spp.(21.9%),Proteus mirabilis(9.8%),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.4%)meropenem demonstrated the highest efficacy.Levofloxacin showed excellent activity against Enterobacter spp.and P.mirabilis(92%susceptibility),while amikacin exhibited moderate effectiveness against E.coli(78%).Morganella morganii displayed the highest multidrug-resistance rates.Colistin was universally effective against P.aeruginosa.Third-generation cephalosporins and nalidixic acid showed limited efficacy against E.coli(21-41%susceptibility).P.mirabilis,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and M.morganii demonstrated low susceptibility to most tested antibiotics.Conclusion:Regular antibiogram updates are essential for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends and guiding empirical therapy.The study findings support the use of meropenem and levofloxacin as first-line options while highlighting concerning resistance patterns to cephalosporins and quinolones.Local susceptibility data remain crucial for optimizing antibiotic selection and stewardship efforts.
文摘Background: ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the main causes of nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections, are commonly associated with therapeutic impasses. Surveillance of these multidrug-resistant pathogens is a crucial tool for controlling and preventing infections. This surveillance involves the use of appropriate molecular and phenotypic typing techniques. The choice of techniques is based on criteria such as discriminatory power, intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, epidemiological concordance, ease of use and cost. The aim of our study was to identify clusters of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae) strains circulating in neonatology using quantitative antibiogram (QA) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from a total of 513 samples. These various samples are taken from newborns, healthcare personnel, and the environment. K. pneumoniae identification followed standard bacteriological procedures and was confirmed using the Vitek® 2 (bioMérieux). The detection of the ESBL phenotype was performed using the synergy test. QA and PFGE were used to identify clonal relationships between the various strains isolated. Concordance between these two methods was assessed by calculating Cohen’s KAPPA coefficient and Simpson’s diversity index. Results: Among the 55 K. pneumoniae strains included in this study, 58.2% (32/55) were found to be Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers. Most of these strains were isolated from neonatal samples (blood samples and rectal swabs). The quantitative antibiogram method applied to 28 out of the 32 ESBL-producing strains revealed that the isolates were grouped into 5 clusters. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis performed on a total of 16 ESBL-producing strains showed the existence of four profiles. A perfect concordance was observed between the two methods. Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the existence of clonal strains of various origins within neonatology units.
基金Supported by University of Balochistan,Quetta,Pakistan(award letter:No.Reg/133/08)the Asian Institute of Technology,Thailand
文摘Objective:To evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)in retail poultry meat products.Methods:Foodborne pathogens(Salmonella and S.aureus)were isolated from poultry meat and confirmed with the help of biochemical and immunological test.Antibiogram of the isolates were examined by following CLS1 methods.Results:A total number of 209 poultry meat samples were collected and studied in this study.Out of which,5.26%were found contaminated with Salmonella while 18.18%were found contaminated with S.aureus.All the Salmonella and S.aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic.About 72.72%of the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline,while S.aureus isolates were also found highly resistant to tetracycline equal to 44.73%.One of the Salmonella isolates showed multi-drug resistance to almost six antibiotics out of nine antibiotics used in the study.Multidrug resistant S.aureus isolates were also found in the study.Conclusions:The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella and S.aureus in retail poultry meat.It is a potential threat to consumer health.To reduce the risk of contamination,good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission of Bangladesh(Grant No.240/POO/7-31(D)/2013)
文摘Objective: To reveal the presence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)(MRSA) in poultry samples and to determine the antibiogram pattern against five antibiotics.Methods: Samples from different poultry farm of Chittagong city, Bangladesh were examined for S. aureus by different biochemical tests and confirmed as MRSA by identifying the presence of mec A gene using PCR. Antibiotic resistance pattern in S. aureus was determined by antibiotic disk diffusion method.Results: In this study, a total of 60 samples(30 from nasal swabs and 30 from cloacal swabs) were used, of which 54 were confirmed as S. aureus by different biochemical tests. Among these, 12 were confirmed as MRSA by detecting mec A gene using PCR.During antibiogram study, both nasal and cloacal samples showed the highest resistance against penicillin-G and the lowest resistance was observed against neomycin.Conclusions: Based on the present study, it can be said that different antibiotics are used extensively in poultry that leads to MRSA and is alarming for human health.
基金sponsored by the Deanship of Research at Jordan University of Science and Technology (Grant Number 195/2016)
文摘To study the molecular characteristics, antibiogram and prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MDRSA) isolated from milk obtained from culled dairy cows and from cows with acute clinical mastitis.MethodsBacteria were cultured from 188 quarter milk samples obtained from cows before culling (n = 139) and from cows affected with acute mastitis (n = 49) belonging to 10 dairy farms. The bacteria were identified using colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical characteristics. S. aureus isolates were then subjected to molecular characterization using PCR targeting 16S rRNA and mecA gene to identify Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The antibiogram of all isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 10 commonly used antibiotics in dairy farms.ResultsS. aureus was isolated from 19 (13.7%) samples obtained from culled cows and 11 (22.4%) samples obtained from cows with acute mastitis. In both culled cows and cows with acute mastitis, in vitro antibiogram revealed that 100% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, doxycyclin, and trimethoprim/sulpha. The prevalence of MRSA in milk of culled cows and cows with acute mastitis was 26.3% and 18.2%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 3.7% among all samples. All MRSA isolates were completely resistant to all tested antibiotics. All MRSA isolates were positive for the presence of the mecA gene.ConclusionsMRSA carrying the mecA gene were isolated from mastitic milk from dairy cows in Jordan for the first time. MRSA may pose a potential health risk to the public, farm workers and veterinarians.
文摘Cholera is a significant public health threat across the globe, especially in coastal regions with poor water supply. This study was carried out to determine the antibiogram, genomic, and phylogeny of stool and seafood isolates from some cholera-prone coastal communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 400 stool samples and 42 different seafood were aseptically collected and examined using standard microbiology and molecular techniques. An antibiogram of isolates from seafood and stool samples was assayed. Genes for virulence, resistance, and relatedness of bacteria identified were also determined. The isolates from the stool and seafood were examined for susceptibility to some selected antibiotics. The findings showed the prevalence rate of cholera in the communities as follows: 16% in Kaa, 30% in Andoni, 4% in Ogu/Bolo, and 10% in Abua/Odual. The isolates from stool were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin with a susceptibility rate of 94.12% each while 100% resistance was recorded against Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 94.12% against Amikacin and 88.24% against Colistin. For the sea foods, the isolates were susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin with a susceptibility rate of 91.43% and 82.86% respectively. Resistance was also recorded against Colistin (88.57%) and Azithromycin (82.86%). Testing the isolates for the presence of 16SrRNA genes showed that all were positive with 1500 bp 16SrRNA gene band size. TEM, OXA, SHV, and CTX-M resistant genes were detected whereas the virulence genes were TDH and AcrB. The phylogenetic analysis revealed isolates from seafood to be Aeromonas dhakensis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio azureus, and Providencia rettgeri, while in stool samples they were Enterobacter sichuanensis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Providencia sneebia, and Proteus vulgaris. Providencia stuartii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were common isolates from both seafood and stool samples. This study has shown that not all reported cases of cholera are caused by Vibrio cholerae. Therefore, attention should be paid to other water-borne bacteria in every outbreak, especially in coastal communities.
文摘Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that represents a major problem in many hospitals because of its increased resistance to antibiotics and the ability to cause nosocomial infections. The present study aimed to phenotype and genotype isolates of P. aeruginosa from inpatients with UTIs at Urology and Nephrology center, Mansoura, Egypt to study their relatedness. Methods: Thirty nine isolates of P. aeruginosa were phenotypically typed by determination of O-serotypes by slide agglutination technique and antimicrobial resistance patterns by disk-diffusion method. The genetic diversity of isolates was illustrated by performing RAPD-PCR using M13 primer. Results: Serotypes O11, O6 and O10 were the most prevalent. Isolates showed high resistance rates to antipseudmonal antibiotics with high incidence (51.3%) of multidrug resistance (MDR). Amikacin was the most effective. A significant correlation was found between O6, O10 and MDR. A relatively high polymorphism was demonstrated among P. aeruginosa isolates by using RAPD-M13 fingerprinting. Cross transmission was suggested by phenotypically and clonally identical isolates. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the role of combining both classical and molecular typing as a valuable mean to study the origin and cross transmission of P. aeruginosa in UTIs for better assessment of treatment and infection control.
文摘Vibrionaceae are a common bacterial disease that affects both wild and farmed marine fishes and causes tremendous economic losses globally.In order to investigate the prevalence,molecular typing,antibiogram and pathogenicity of vibriosis among cultured sea bream,two hundred and fifty Gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)were collected randomly from different mariculture farms at Ismailia and Port Said Governorates.The collected fish were subjected to clinical,postmortem,bacteriological,and histopathological examinations.The majority of infected fish displayed ascites,hemorrhagic protruded anus,hemorrhages in pectoral,dorsal and tail fins,rotten gills,thinning of the head,discoloration of the skin,besides ulcer in the mouth and on the skin.The prevalence of Vibrio infection mostly was noticed at summer(35%)and spring(26%)then(22.5%)in autumn,where the kidney was the most predominant affected organ(45%).Vibrio 16s rRNA gene PCR extension generated a 663 pb amplified DNA bands that characteristic for all tested vibrio isolates.Blasting identified as V.harveyi and the other V.parahaemolyticus.The histopathological examination of naturally infected Gilthead seabream exhibited mild to moderate vacuolar degeneration of the hepatic parenchyma with tubular-nephrosis and massive renal cellular destruction.The splenic tissues showed focal activated melanomacrophage centers.The antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out,where the recovered strains were completely sensitive to novobiocin and highly resistant to ampicillin.In conclusion,the synergism of phenotypic and genotypic characterization is a valuable epidemiological tool for the diagnosis of Vibrio species.Strict veterinary hygienic regulations should be imple-mented to control such infections and minimize the antimicrobial use in fish farms.
文摘Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 threats to global health and it is estimated around 10 millions of deaths per year are associated with AMR until 2050. Burkina Faso is also facing the emergence and spread of AMR of several bacteria resistant strains such as those of public health concerns under surveillance Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) clinical isolates from patients attending the bacteriology laboratory of the Centre MURAZ in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Clinical isolates from urine, pus, stool, and semen were collected from April to June 2017. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 compact automated system according to EUCAST version 2015 recommendations. ESBL detection was then performed on the Muller-Hinton medium using the combined disc method. One hundred (100) strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 100 patients, including 52% of ESBLS. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most commonly isolated ESBL [(84.62, 44/72) ESBL], followed by Klebsiella spp. [(40%, 06/15) ESBL], then Enterobacter spp. [(40%, 2/5) ESBL]. Risk factor analysis revealed that ESBL-PE infection was frequently found in pus samples (P = 0.042;[OR] = 3.16;95% [CI] = 1.04 - 9.61) and that E. coli was the strain most likely to harbour ESBL (P = 0.008;[OR] = 3.60;95% [CI] = 1.40 - 9.31). This study reports a high prevalence of ESBL-PE associated with strong resistance to quinolones and cotrimoxazole (over 80%), which calls for increased surveillance of these superbugs, the adoption of a rational antibiotic prescription policy, and rigorous hygiene measures to prevent the spread of these multi-resistant bacteria.
基金Supported by the major research project on Botany(Grant No.39-388/2010/SR)from UGC+1 种基金New Delhiawarded RN Padhy
文摘Objective:To record surveillance,antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.Methods:Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection(UTI)-causing bacteria that were cultured on suitable selective media and identified by biochemical tests;and their antibiograms were ascertained by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method,in each 6-month interval of the study period,using 18 antibiotics of five different classes.Results:From wards and cabins,1 245 samples were collected,from which 996 strains of bacteria belonging to 11 species were isolated,during April 2011 to September2012.Two Gram-positive,Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis),and nine Gram-negative bacteria,Acinetobacter baumannii,Citrobactcr sp.,Escherichia coli,Enterobacter aerogenes,Klebsiella pneumoniae.Klebsiella oxytoca,Proteus mirabilis,Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated.Both S.aureus and E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant,and resistant-strains of all pathogens increased in each 6-month period of study.Particularly,all Gram-negatives were resistant to nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole,the most preferred antibiotics of empiric therapy for UTI.Conclusions:Antibiograms of 11 UTI-causing bacteria recorded in this study indicated moderately higher numbers of strains resistant to each antibiotic studied,generating the fear of precipitating fervent episodes in public health particularly with bacteria,Acinetobacter baumannii,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and S.aureus.Moreover,vancomycin resistance in strains of S.aureus and E.faecalis is a matter of concern.
基金Supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,University of Dammam (Grant No.2012139)
文摘Objective:To determine the proportion of imported frozen fish contaminated with Salmonella among retail food stores and supermarkets in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods:A total of 223 frozen freshwater fish purchased from different supermarkets and grocery stores were analyzed for the presence of foodborne pathogen Salmonella.The isolation of Salmonella was determined and confirmed by using the methods of US Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual.CHROMagar Salmonella plus,biochemical tests and API 20E strips.Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar,as described by Kirby-Bauer.in accordance with the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results:Out of the total 223 fish samples(20 of catfish,18 of carfu,20 of mirgal,25 of milkfish,35 of mackerel,75 of tilapia,and 30 of rohu),89(39.9%)were tested positive for Salmonella.The prevalence of positive samples were reported for the freshwater fish of pangas(60.0%,n=12),carfu(27.7%,n=5),mirgal(35.0%,n=7),milkfish(52.0%,n=13),mackerel(31.4%,n=11),tilapia imported from Thailand(64.0%,n=16),tilapia imported from India(28.0%,n=14),rohu imported from Thailand(26.6%,n=4)and rohu imported from Myanmar(46.6%,n=7).A total of 140 isolates of Salmonella spp.were yielded from at least seven different types of frozen freshwater fish imported from 5 different countries and were tested for their susceptibility to 16 selected antimicrobial agents.The highest antibiotic resistance was observed to tetracycline(90.71%)followed by ampicillin(70%)and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(45%).Conclusions:The obtained results of this study shows that these raw retail imported frozen freshwater fish are contaminated with potentially pathogenic Salmonella spp.And the study recommend and suggest that there is a need for adequate consumer measures.
