A case of the absorption of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)promoted by professor Xu ZOU’s acupuncture technique for"benefiting kidney and strengthening anti-pathogenic qi"is introduced.A female patient ...A case of the absorption of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)promoted by professor Xu ZOU’s acupuncture technique for"benefiting kidney and strengthening anti-pathogenic qi"is introduced.A female patient suffered from COVID-19,64 years old,had been treated with acupuncture and Chinese herb granules for 10 days on the base of the oral administration of moxifloxacin.In the re-examination,the chest CT image indicated that the absorption of COVID-19 was obvious as compared with before,the nucleic acid test of novel corona virus was negative and the patient narrated no obvious discomfort.Acupuncture therapy plays its active adjuvant effect in the whole process of the treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
The damage caused by rice damping-off diseasecould be controlled efficiently by planting vig-orous seedlings. By adjusting the environ-ment, immunization of rice nursery (IRN)could raise seedlings with well developed ...The damage caused by rice damping-off diseasecould be controlled efficiently by planting vig-orous seedlings. By adjusting the environ-ment, immunization of rice nursery (IRN)could raise seedlings with well developed rootsand high physiological activity. These展开更多
Searching alternative feed antibiotics is always a study hotspot in the field of animal production. In this study, the antipathogenic activities and probiotics stimulatory effects of 30 kinds of herbs were screened th...Searching alternative feed antibiotics is always a study hotspot in the field of animal production. In this study, the antipathogenic activities and probiotics stimulatory effects of 30 kinds of herbs were screened through Oxford cup method and Hungate roll method. 15 herbs showed significantly antibacterial activities（P〈0.05） against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Seven herbs showed greatly stimulatory promoting effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Finally, five herbs were combined for the developed formulation with selective antibacterial properties and they were Mume Fructus（35%）, Isatidis Folium（25%）, Moslae Herba（20%）, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos（13%） and Bupleuri Radix（7%）. The herbal formulation showed significantly antibacterial abilities against four pathogens and stimulatory promoting abilities on two probiotics in vitro and the equivalent activities in broiler chickens in vivo against E. coli and L. acidophilus. The toxicity study showed it had no toxicity, which indicated that it would be a kind of preferred candidate for an alternative antibiotic in future animal production.展开更多
Keratinocytes,located in the outer part of human skin,are the main epidermal cell type and play an essential role in skins defense against infection.Besides creating a physical barrier between the environment and the ...Keratinocytes,located in the outer part of human skin,are the main epidermal cell type and play an essential role in skins defense against infection.Besides creating a physical barrier between the environment and the internal body,keratinocytes exert powerful immune function in anti-pathogen infection in the skin.At the recognition stage,pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)expressed by keratinocytes sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)existing in pathogens.Toll like receptors(TLRs)are the most important PRRs in keratinocytes.Other PRRs such as dectin-1 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs)are also found to participate in this process.Activated PRRs enhance the secretion of cytokines,chemokines and the production of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs).Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6,IL-1βand IL-18,chemokines(C-X-Cmotif)ligand(CXCL)1,CXCL2,CCL20,CCL2 and IL-8,AMPs human β-defensin(HBD)2,HBD3 and LL37 are the main molecules expressed in this procedure.Thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),IL-36γ,IL-17 family member IL-17C and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can also be secreted.Some molecules produced by keratinocytes such as ribonuclease 5 and 7,S100 proteins own antimicrobial properties.Keratinocytes defense responses can be regulated by internal and external factors.This review summarizes recent advances on the innate immune function of keratinocytes against infection,promoting the finding of a new direction for avoiding severe skin infection as well as the potential treatment of keratinocyte-associated inflammatory dermatosis.展开更多
Insect-bacteria associations can influence vector competence in multiple ways. Chromobacterium anophelis, a bacterium known to be pathogenic to mosquitoes, may also act as an anti-pathogen by inhibiting the developmen...Insect-bacteria associations can influence vector competence in multiple ways. Chromobacterium anophelis, a bacterium known to be pathogenic to mosquitoes, may also act as an anti-pathogen by inhibiting the development of other pathogens within mosquitoes. The mechanism behind this inhibition remains unclear, with two hypotheses: the bacterium either boosts the mosquito’s immunity or directly targets other pathogens within the mosquito. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism behind this pathogen-inhibition effect in mosquitoes. Bioassays (assessing longevity, fecundity, and fertility) were conducted on mosquitoes infected with the bacterium and an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium pingshaense, whose hyphae grow on mosquitoes after killing them. The prevalence of hyphal growth was evaluated. The longevity of mosquitoes co-infected with Chromobacterium anophelis and Metarhizium pingshaense was significantly higher than those infected solely with the more virulent microorganism, which was Chromobacterium anophelis. Hyphae were observed on 100% of mosquitoes infected only with the fungus, whereas mosquitoes co-infected with the bacterium exhibited a lower prevalence of fungal hyphal growth. The number of eggs laid by infected mosquitoes was approximately the same, within the typical range (50 - 150). However, the number of larvae observed from co-infected mosquitoes was significantly higher than those produced by mosquitoes exposed to the microorganism that most reduced egg hatch rates. These results align with the hypothesis that Chromobacterium anophelis inhibits the development of other pathogens within mosquitoes by directly targeting them.展开更多
Food-borne illnesses certainly increase the risk of developing colon cancer.Due to the de-functionalization of the gut microbiota and host-microbe interactions caused by the preponderance of infectious pathogens,sensi...Food-borne illnesses certainly increase the risk of developing colon cancer.Due to the de-functionalization of the gut microbiota and host-microbe interactions caused by the preponderance of infectious pathogens,sensitive host cells are more likely to develop mutations.The current research utilized some bio-protective lactobacilli to clarify the metabolic basis of human GIT protection from both anti-pathogenic and anti-cancer views.Both cells and methanolic extracts of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus acidophilus(AC),and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(GG)were evaluated.The extracts were evaluated for their components by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The antimicrobial activity of all extracts was determined.A Lactobacillus acidophilus-based extract had the greatest zones of inhibition against all indicator pathogens.Upon co-culturing with pathogens,Lactoplantibacillus plantarum(LP)achieved the maximum reduction percentage of all pathogenic populations.Further LC/MS-based metabolic profiling of extracts showed various biologically active compounds that are thought to be the key health-promoting agents.It was noticed that the IC_(50)values of HCT 116 cell line upon AC,GG,and LP treatments were 65.897μg/mL,79.139μg/mL,and 71.681μg/mL,respectively when compared by Raloxifene(RX).Lactobacillus acidophilus(AC)recorded the lowest IC_(50)(52.053 g/mL)and the highest cytotoxic fold change in Caco-2 cells.Generally,all lactobacilli extracts induced Caco-2 cell apoptosis in a sensitive manner compared to HCT 116 cells by inhibiting cancerous proliferation and inducing nitric oxide release.When various Lactobacilli strains were applied in-situ to white soft cheese,Lactobacillus acidophilus(AC)demonstrated no growth for either bacterial pathogens or spoilage fungi towards the end of the storage time.展开更多
The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by ...The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by the extensive work and the outstanding findings achieved within this kind of medicine. The practice of TCM over thousands of years has equipped scientists with substantial experience with hundreds of plants that led to the discovery of artemisinin(qinghaosu), which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L.(qinghao). The unexpected success of artemisinin in combating malaria has drawn strong attention from the scientific community towards TCM. Artemisinin was discovered by Youyou Tu in 1972. Since then, several novel pharmacological activities based on the well-known properties of the sesquiterpene lactone structure with the oxepane ring and an endoperoxide bridge have been unravelled. Beyond malaria, artemisinin and its derivatives(artemisinins) exert profound activities towards other protozoans(Leishmania, Trypanosoma, amoebas, Neospora caninum, and Eimeria tenella), trematodes(Schistosoma, liver flukes), and viruses(human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses). Less clear is the effect against bacteria and fungi. Based on the promising results of artemisinin and the first generation derivatives(artesunate, artemether, arteether), novel drug development strategies have been pursued.These included the synthesis of acetal-and non-acetal-type artemisinin dimeric molecules as well as developing nanotechnological approaches, e.g.artemisinin-based liposomes, niosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoparticles, fullerenes and nanotubes. The current review presents an overview on different aspects of artemisinins, including sources, chemistry, biological/pharmacological properties, types of infectious pathogens that are susceptible to artemisinins in vitro and in vivo, in addition to the advancement in their drug delivery systems utilizing pharmaceutical technology. It would be expected that different therapeutic strategies based on the second and third generation artemisinin derivatives and artemisinin-based drug technologies would be available in the near future to treat specific infectious diseases.展开更多
Developing an advanced individual protection cloth is a pivotal factor in combating global pathogen epidemics.However,formidable challenges are posed by the triangularity imbalance effect,necessitating the simultaneou...Developing an advanced individual protection cloth is a pivotal factor in combating global pathogen epidemics.However,formidable challenges are posed by the triangularity imbalance effect,necessitating the simultaneous fulfillment of require-ments for high comfort,high safety,and mass production.In this study,a mass-producible hybrid polytetrafluoroethylene nanofiber mat(HPNFM)was developed by integrating technologies of organic-inorganic hybridization and membrane asynchronous stretching.Exceptional comfort was attained by conferring waterproofing and breathability attributes,achieved through the radial island-chain architecture exhibiting hydrophobicity and nanoporosity.Furthermore,through the incorpo-ration of high-efficiency anti-pathogen nanoparticles,the HPNFM ensures high safety,demonstrating active antibacterial and antiviral effects.This is achieved through the synergistic effects of electrostatic induction and reactive oxygen species-based pathogen inactivation.More significantly,an HPNFM-based individual protective suit is designed and manufactured,which successfully encapsulates the advantages of high comfort,safety,and mass production,displaying competitiveness as a commercial product.Positioned as a viable strategy,this work holds substantial potential for practical applications in responding to future epidemics.展开更多
Fruit seeds contain various phytochemicals,including polyphenols,tannins,and carotenoids,with exceptional antioxidant properties.This study aimed to extract polyphenols from green wax apple seeds and study their antio...Fruit seeds contain various phytochemicals,including polyphenols,tannins,and carotenoids,with exceptional antioxidant properties.This study aimed to extract polyphenols from green wax apple seeds and study their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in an in-vitro inflammatory model.The extracts showed potent antioxidant activities in ABTS,DPPH,NOS,and FRAP assays.The UPLC analysis revealed various phenolic compounds(Vanillic acid,protocatechuic acid,syringic acid,ellagic acid,and ECG),and ultrasound-assisted extraction was found to be superior due to its higher extraction efficiency.In in-vitro assays in RAW264.7 cells,the aqueous UAE extract inhibited the NF-ĸB pathway by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines against H2O2-induced inflammation.The chlorogenic acid,vanillic acid,and syringic acid strongly correlated with ABTS activity,and epicatechin gallate and vanillic acid correlated with antipathogenic activity.The high anti-oxidant,antipathogenic,and anti-inflammatory activities in the seed of Syzygium malaccense indicate its potential for utilization in functional foods.展开更多
基金Xu ZOU studio of famous Chinese medicine physicianGuangdong province+1 种基金Pneumonia emergency research project of the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicinethe State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine。
文摘A case of the absorption of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)promoted by professor Xu ZOU’s acupuncture technique for"benefiting kidney and strengthening anti-pathogenic qi"is introduced.A female patient suffered from COVID-19,64 years old,had been treated with acupuncture and Chinese herb granules for 10 days on the base of the oral administration of moxifloxacin.In the re-examination,the chest CT image indicated that the absorption of COVID-19 was obvious as compared with before,the nucleic acid test of novel corona virus was negative and the patient narrated no obvious discomfort.Acupuncture therapy plays its active adjuvant effect in the whole process of the treatment of COVID-19.
文摘The damage caused by rice damping-off diseasecould be controlled efficiently by planting vig-orous seedlings. By adjusting the environ-ment, immunization of rice nursery (IRN)could raise seedlings with well developed rootsand high physiological activity. These
基金supported by Hebei Science and Technology Support Program of China (13226602D)
文摘Searching alternative feed antibiotics is always a study hotspot in the field of animal production. In this study, the antipathogenic activities and probiotics stimulatory effects of 30 kinds of herbs were screened through Oxford cup method and Hungate roll method. 15 herbs showed significantly antibacterial activities（P〈0.05） against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Seven herbs showed greatly stimulatory promoting effects on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Finally, five herbs were combined for the developed formulation with selective antibacterial properties and they were Mume Fructus（35%）, Isatidis Folium（25%）, Moslae Herba（20%）, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos（13%） and Bupleuri Radix（7%）. The herbal formulation showed significantly antibacterial abilities against four pathogens and stimulatory promoting abilities on two probiotics in vitro and the equivalent activities in broiler chickens in vivo against E. coli and L. acidophilus. The toxicity study showed it had no toxicity, which indicated that it would be a kind of preferred candidate for an alternative antibiotic in future animal production.
基金This work was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(No.2017-I2M-1-017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773338)the Nanjing Incubation Program for National Clinical Research Center(No.2019060001).
文摘Keratinocytes,located in the outer part of human skin,are the main epidermal cell type and play an essential role in skins defense against infection.Besides creating a physical barrier between the environment and the internal body,keratinocytes exert powerful immune function in anti-pathogen infection in the skin.At the recognition stage,pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)expressed by keratinocytes sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)existing in pathogens.Toll like receptors(TLRs)are the most important PRRs in keratinocytes.Other PRRs such as dectin-1 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs)are also found to participate in this process.Activated PRRs enhance the secretion of cytokines,chemokines and the production of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs).Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6,IL-1βand IL-18,chemokines(C-X-Cmotif)ligand(CXCL)1,CXCL2,CCL20,CCL2 and IL-8,AMPs human β-defensin(HBD)2,HBD3 and LL37 are the main molecules expressed in this procedure.Thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),IL-36γ,IL-17 family member IL-17C and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can also be secreted.Some molecules produced by keratinocytes such as ribonuclease 5 and 7,S100 proteins own antimicrobial properties.Keratinocytes defense responses can be regulated by internal and external factors.This review summarizes recent advances on the innate immune function of keratinocytes against infection,promoting the finding of a new direction for avoiding severe skin infection as well as the potential treatment of keratinocyte-associated inflammatory dermatosis.
文摘Insect-bacteria associations can influence vector competence in multiple ways. Chromobacterium anophelis, a bacterium known to be pathogenic to mosquitoes, may also act as an anti-pathogen by inhibiting the development of other pathogens within mosquitoes. The mechanism behind this inhibition remains unclear, with two hypotheses: the bacterium either boosts the mosquito’s immunity or directly targets other pathogens within the mosquito. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism behind this pathogen-inhibition effect in mosquitoes. Bioassays (assessing longevity, fecundity, and fertility) were conducted on mosquitoes infected with the bacterium and an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium pingshaense, whose hyphae grow on mosquitoes after killing them. The prevalence of hyphal growth was evaluated. The longevity of mosquitoes co-infected with Chromobacterium anophelis and Metarhizium pingshaense was significantly higher than those infected solely with the more virulent microorganism, which was Chromobacterium anophelis. Hyphae were observed on 100% of mosquitoes infected only with the fungus, whereas mosquitoes co-infected with the bacterium exhibited a lower prevalence of fungal hyphal growth. The number of eggs laid by infected mosquitoes was approximately the same, within the typical range (50 - 150). However, the number of larvae observed from co-infected mosquitoes was significantly higher than those produced by mosquitoes exposed to the microorganism that most reduced egg hatch rates. These results align with the hypothesis that Chromobacterium anophelis inhibits the development of other pathogens within mosquitoes by directly targeting them.
基金National Research Centre(NRC),Egypt for supporting the current work through Project No:13050306.
文摘Food-borne illnesses certainly increase the risk of developing colon cancer.Due to the de-functionalization of the gut microbiota and host-microbe interactions caused by the preponderance of infectious pathogens,sensitive host cells are more likely to develop mutations.The current research utilized some bio-protective lactobacilli to clarify the metabolic basis of human GIT protection from both anti-pathogenic and anti-cancer views.Both cells and methanolic extracts of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum(LP),Lactobacillus acidophilus(AC),and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(GG)were evaluated.The extracts were evaluated for their components by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The antimicrobial activity of all extracts was determined.A Lactobacillus acidophilus-based extract had the greatest zones of inhibition against all indicator pathogens.Upon co-culturing with pathogens,Lactoplantibacillus plantarum(LP)achieved the maximum reduction percentage of all pathogenic populations.Further LC/MS-based metabolic profiling of extracts showed various biologically active compounds that are thought to be the key health-promoting agents.It was noticed that the IC_(50)values of HCT 116 cell line upon AC,GG,and LP treatments were 65.897μg/mL,79.139μg/mL,and 71.681μg/mL,respectively when compared by Raloxifene(RX).Lactobacillus acidophilus(AC)recorded the lowest IC_(50)(52.053 g/mL)and the highest cytotoxic fold change in Caco-2 cells.Generally,all lactobacilli extracts induced Caco-2 cell apoptosis in a sensitive manner compared to HCT 116 cells by inhibiting cancerous proliferation and inducing nitric oxide release.When various Lactobacilli strains were applied in-situ to white soft cheese,Lactobacillus acidophilus(AC)demonstrated no growth for either bacterial pathogens or spoilage fungi towards the end of the storage time.
文摘The interest of Western medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) as a source of drug leads/new drugs to treat diseases without available efficient therapies has been dramatically augmented in the last decades by the extensive work and the outstanding findings achieved within this kind of medicine. The practice of TCM over thousands of years has equipped scientists with substantial experience with hundreds of plants that led to the discovery of artemisinin(qinghaosu), which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L.(qinghao). The unexpected success of artemisinin in combating malaria has drawn strong attention from the scientific community towards TCM. Artemisinin was discovered by Youyou Tu in 1972. Since then, several novel pharmacological activities based on the well-known properties of the sesquiterpene lactone structure with the oxepane ring and an endoperoxide bridge have been unravelled. Beyond malaria, artemisinin and its derivatives(artemisinins) exert profound activities towards other protozoans(Leishmania, Trypanosoma, amoebas, Neospora caninum, and Eimeria tenella), trematodes(Schistosoma, liver flukes), and viruses(human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C viruses). Less clear is the effect against bacteria and fungi. Based on the promising results of artemisinin and the first generation derivatives(artesunate, artemether, arteether), novel drug development strategies have been pursued.These included the synthesis of acetal-and non-acetal-type artemisinin dimeric molecules as well as developing nanotechnological approaches, e.g.artemisinin-based liposomes, niosomes, micelles, solid lipid nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoparticles, fullerenes and nanotubes. The current review presents an overview on different aspects of artemisinins, including sources, chemistry, biological/pharmacological properties, types of infectious pathogens that are susceptible to artemisinins in vitro and in vivo, in addition to the advancement in their drug delivery systems utilizing pharmaceutical technology. It would be expected that different therapeutic strategies based on the second and third generation artemisinin derivatives and artemisinin-based drug technologies would be available in the near future to treat specific infectious diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203309,52373240)+3 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1400400)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QA1400100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232022D-09)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology(SKL202317).
文摘Developing an advanced individual protection cloth is a pivotal factor in combating global pathogen epidemics.However,formidable challenges are posed by the triangularity imbalance effect,necessitating the simultaneous fulfillment of require-ments for high comfort,high safety,and mass production.In this study,a mass-producible hybrid polytetrafluoroethylene nanofiber mat(HPNFM)was developed by integrating technologies of organic-inorganic hybridization and membrane asynchronous stretching.Exceptional comfort was attained by conferring waterproofing and breathability attributes,achieved through the radial island-chain architecture exhibiting hydrophobicity and nanoporosity.Furthermore,through the incorpo-ration of high-efficiency anti-pathogen nanoparticles,the HPNFM ensures high safety,demonstrating active antibacterial and antiviral effects.This is achieved through the synergistic effects of electrostatic induction and reactive oxygen species-based pathogen inactivation.More significantly,an HPNFM-based individual protective suit is designed and manufactured,which successfully encapsulates the advantages of high comfort,safety,and mass production,displaying competitiveness as a commercial product.Positioned as a viable strategy,this work holds substantial potential for practical applications in responding to future epidemics.
基金MC thanks the University Grants Commission for financial support for Doctoral Studies(grant number 190510005347).
文摘Fruit seeds contain various phytochemicals,including polyphenols,tannins,and carotenoids,with exceptional antioxidant properties.This study aimed to extract polyphenols from green wax apple seeds and study their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in an in-vitro inflammatory model.The extracts showed potent antioxidant activities in ABTS,DPPH,NOS,and FRAP assays.The UPLC analysis revealed various phenolic compounds(Vanillic acid,protocatechuic acid,syringic acid,ellagic acid,and ECG),and ultrasound-assisted extraction was found to be superior due to its higher extraction efficiency.In in-vitro assays in RAW264.7 cells,the aqueous UAE extract inhibited the NF-ĸB pathway by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines against H2O2-induced inflammation.The chlorogenic acid,vanillic acid,and syringic acid strongly correlated with ABTS activity,and epicatechin gallate and vanillic acid correlated with antipathogenic activity.The high anti-oxidant,antipathogenic,and anti-inflammatory activities in the seed of Syzygium malaccense indicate its potential for utilization in functional foods.
