For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic effici...Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic efficiency.In this paper,aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output,considering the coupling relationship between power,carbon trading,and green cardmarket,the optimal operationmodel and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market,carbon trading market,and green card market are established.On this basis,through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory,the quantitative analysis of the total income and risk contribution of various distributed resources in the virtual power plant is realized.Moreover,the scheduling strategies of virtual power plants under different risk preferences are systematically compared,and the feasibility and accuracy of the combination of Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in ensuring fair income distribution and reasonable risk assessment are emphasized.A comprehensive solution for virtual power plants in the multi-market environment is constructed,which integrates operation strategy,income distribution mechanism,and risk control system into a unified analysis framework.Through the simulation of multi-scenario examples,the CPLEXsolver inMATLAB software is used to optimize themodel.The proposed joint optimization scheme can increase the profit of VPP participating in carbon trading and green certificate market by 29%.The total revenue of distributed resources managed by VPP is 9%higher than that of individual participation.展开更多
The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:tho...The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant specie...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species,and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance.Here,we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP.We use net relatedness index(NRI)and nearest taxon index(NTI),which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories,respectively,to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species.The QTP included in this study(1,448,815 km^(2))has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants,respectively.We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study,regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used.For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study,NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools,reflecting phylogenetic clustering.Thus,naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP,regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.展开更多
Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in pl...Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants,the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism,including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids,which are crucial for stress resistance.This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses.We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance,such as defense against pathogens and pests,and in abiotic stress tolerance,including responses to drought and salinity.Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors,focusing on how these synergistic or antagonistic relationships modulate physiological processes.The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding.Furthermore,this review highlights potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and their utility in plant resistant breeding programs.展开更多
Small signaling peptides,generally comprising fewer than 100 amino acids,act as crucial signaling molecules in cell-to-cell communications.Upon perception by their membrane-localized corresponding receptors or co-rece...Small signaling peptides,generally comprising fewer than 100 amino acids,act as crucial signaling molecules in cell-to-cell communications.Upon perception by their membrane-localized corresponding receptors or co-receptors,these peptide-receptor modules then(de)activate either long-distance or local signaling pathways,thereby orchestrating developmental and adaptive responses via(post)transcriptional,(post)translational,and epigenetic regulations.The physiological functions of small signaling peptides are implicated in a multitude of developmental processes and adaptive responses,including but not limited to,shoot and root morphogenesis,organ abscission,nodulation,Casparian strip formation,pollen development,taproot growth,and various abiotic stress responses such as aluminum,cadmium,drought,cold,and salinity.Additionally,they play a critical role in response to pathogenic invasions.These small signaling peptides also modulate significant agronomic and horticultural traits,such as fruit size,maize kernel development,fiber elongation,and rice awn formation.Here,we underscore the roles of several small signaling peptide families such as CLE,RALF,EPFL,mi PEP,CEP,IDA/IDL,and PSK in regulating these biological processes.These novel insights will deepen our current understanding of small signaling peptides,and offer innovative strategies for genetic breeding stress-tolerant crops and horticultural plants,contributing to establish sustainable agricultural systems.展开更多
This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to im...This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to improving air quality and minimizing pollution exposure. The samples for this research were collected from various sites across the streets of Jeddah governorate. The primary sources of air pollution in the research area are vehicle traffic and emissions from cars. Eight species were gathered from various streets in Jeddah governorate, namely, Azadirachta indica, Senna sulfurea, Ziziphus spina-christi, Cordia sebestena, Tecoma stans, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Ixora coccinea. The leaves of the studied plants were analyzed for secondary compounds using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Gas-chromatographic analyses revealed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in every plant. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widespread environmental pollutant. Moreover, Cordia sebestena was the sole plant that contained Phenol, 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] which is part of the phenols category. Environmental conditions can affect the production of secondary metabolites. By tracking the concentrations of these substances, researchers can evaluate the well-being of ecosystems and identify pollution.展开更多
Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations ...Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations of theseproducts are not without environmental,ecological,and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges.To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture,designing and developing more biocompatible andsustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management.Over the recent decades,the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulantswith large-active-surface areas,including bio-compounds,biopolymers,and nanocarbons.However,the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment.More recently,thefield's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practicalapplications in nano-agriculture.Herein,we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidationon biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model forinducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds,seedlings,and plants.Moreover,we assessed theeffect of donor plants'age on short,mid-,and long-term biocompatibility,growth,and development/maturationof the recipient plants for up to around 30 days.As a proof-of-concept,we found these autologous bio-extractscould effectively promote seed sprouting,seedling germination,and the development of soil-drenched plantsof the same types.Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presenceof multiple phyto-compounds,including microtubules/actin filaments,cell vacuoles,Golgi stacks/endoplasmicreticulum,cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers,and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters ofcarbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts.This personalized plant stimulation may induce furthergrowth/defense-related mechanisms,setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living ...Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living organisms,including humans,animals,and plants.Certain plant species have evolved Cd hyperaccumulating capabilities to adapt to high-Cd habitats,playing critical roles in phytoremediation strategies.Here we review the biodiversity and biogeography of Cd hyperaccumulators,the underlying mechanisms of Cd uptake and accumulation,and the ecological impacts of hyperaccumulation.Themajor points are the following:twenty-fourCd hyperaccumulator species have been documented,with shoot Cd concentrations ranging from 170-9000 mg⋅kg−1;core mechanisms involve root uptake by metal transporters(e.g.,heavy-metal ATPases,and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins),ligand-facilitated translocation via organic acids and phytochelatins,andABCtransporter-mediated vacuolar sequestration.Cd hyperaccumulators exert complex effects on rhizosphere microbiota,herbivores,and neighboring plant communities.Future research priorities should focus on the functional characterization of Cd transporters and regulatory genes,and comprehensive assessments of the ecological consequences of Cd accumulation in plants.展开更多
In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly effi...In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious approach to enhance the teaching level of experimental courses in medicinal botany.The implementation of a digital microscope mutual system in experimental teaching not only enhances students practical skills in laboratory operations but also increases classroom efficiency.Furthermore,it supports personalized development among students while fostering innovative thinking,independent learning capabilities,and analysis and problem-solving skills.Additionally,this approach contributes to the enhancement of students scientific literacy.展开更多
Benzoxazinoids(BXDs)are a class of plant secondary metabolites that play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests,as well as in allelopathy.This review synthesizes recent advances in our understandin...Benzoxazinoids(BXDs)are a class of plant secondary metabolites that play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests,as well as in allelopathy.This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the structural and functional diversity of BXDs,the independent evolutionary trajectories of their biosynthetic pathways across different plant species,their metabolic transformations in target organisms,and the opportunities and challenges of optimizing BXD biosynthesis in crops through metabolic engineering.Compared with monocotyledons,dicotyledons employ a more diverse set of enzymes to catalyze the core reactions of BXD biosynthesis.This functional divergence—yet biochemical convergence—between monocotyledons and dicotyledons exemplifies the convergent evolution of BXD biosynthetic pathways in plants.BXDs act not only as potent antifeedants,insecticides,and antimicrobials but also function as signaling molecules that induce callose deposition and activate systemic immunity,thereby enhancing plant resistance to biotic stress.Furthermore,BXDs shape the rhizosphere by modulating microbial communities through species-specific antimicrobial activities and microbial detoxification mechanisms,ultimately exerting allelopathic effects that alter soil chemistry and nutrient dynamics.The translational potential of BXDs is increasingly recognized by synthetic biology approaches,including artificial intelligence-driven enzyme optimization,heterologous pathway engineering,and gene-editing to enhance crop resistance.Despite these promising prospects,challenges remain in balancing metabolic trade-offs and mitigating ecological risks associated with persistent accumulation of BXDs.Future research integrating multi-omics,evolutionary genomics,and microbiome studies will be essential to fully harness BXDs for sustainable crop improvement and reduced reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.展开更多
Typhoid fever remains a major global health challenge,particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation.The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella...Typhoid fever remains a major global health challenge,particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation.The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi highlights the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies.Medicinal plants represent a promising avenue for addressing this crisis,as their bioactive compounds exhibit potent antibacterial properties.According to the World Health Organization,over 20,000 medicinal plant species have been identified as valuable resources for drug discovery,with more than 1,340 demonstrating antimicrobial activity and over 30,000 antimicrobial compounds isolated.Through an extensive review,key phytochemicals with anti-typhoid properties were identified,along with their mechanisms of action and supporting evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review compiles data on plants with demonstrated anti-typhoid activity,highlights challenges such as standardization,regulatory frameworks,and integration into modern healthcare,and explores the role of omics technologies in advancing the discovery of novel plant-based antimicrobial agents.By discussing potential medicinal plant targets and intervention strategies,this work lays the groundwork for future research into plant-derived anti-infective therapies and contributes to the global effort to combat the growing threat of typhoid fever,particularly in resource-limited settings.展开更多
Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral enviro...Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral environmental burdens.In this investigation,a"gate-to-gate"Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was conducted to analyze the environmental performance of two major WWTPs in Arequipa:La Escalerilla(Plant A,activated sludge)and La Enlozada(Plant B,trickling filters).The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA and the ReCiPe Midpoint(H)2016 impact assessment method,with a functional unit defined as 1 m^(3)of treated effluent.Energy consumption emerges as the primary driver for the climate change(GWP100),fossil depletion(FDP),and human toxicity(HTPinf)impact categories,accounting for approximately 75% to 85% of the total effects.Plant A,which requires 0.59 kWh/m^(3)of electricity,achieves superior nutrient removal reflected in a freshwater eutrophication potential of 1.92×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3),and exhibits marginally higher CO_(2)-eq emissions(GWP100)(1.17×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)).Conversely,Plant B consumes only 0.34 kWh/m^(3),resulting in a slightly lower GWP100(1.14×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3))and a significantly greater reduction in fossil depletion potential(FDP)(2.56×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)vs.Plant A's 4.75×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)),although it exhibits an elevated eutrophication potential of 4.10×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3).Both plants meet discharge standards.This study shows that treatment technologies must balance efficiency and sustainability,with energy use being critical.As Peruvian LCA research is scarce,these results offer key insights for future policies.展开更多
This paper focuses on the technical management of concrete mixing plants.It introduces the whole-process engineering consulting model and elaborates on multifaceted aspects of technical management,including a matrix-b...This paper focuses on the technical management of concrete mixing plants.It introduces the whole-process engineering consulting model and elaborates on multifaceted aspects of technical management,including a matrix-based management framework,standardized design management pathways,cost early-warning systems,approval strategies,regulatory databases,etc.This paper also emphasizes the importance of innovations in collaborative management mechanisms for improving quality and efficiency.展开更多
The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.T...The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.展开更多
The abundance of microplastics(MPs)in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)were determined in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.The MPs abundance was 140-350 particles per litre in the influent and 1...The abundance of microplastics(MPs)in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)were determined in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.The MPs abundance was 140-350 particles per litre in the influent and 10-30 particles per litre in the effluent.Four shapes of MPs in the influent were observed,while mainly only debris was left in the effluent.The percentage of small(<100μm),medium(100-500μm),and large-sized(≥500μm)plastics in the raw leachate of the three WWTPs were 54.3%,8.6%,and 37.1%,28.6%,64.3%,and 7.1%,and 41.4%,24.1%,and 34.5%,respectively.Mainly only the size of≤100μm was left in the effluent of all.The removal efficiencies of MPs in a range of 78.6%to 96.6%were achieved.Polypropylene,polystyrene,polyethylene,polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were the main types and detected in all wastewater samples,accounting for over 75%of all types.The plastic components contained in different industrial wastewater were more complex.The distribution of MPs was significantly positively correlated with most conventional indicators such as chemical oxygen demead,ammonia nitrogen,and total phosphorus,but not with heavy metals.Similar wastewater,different treatment processes,or similar processes but different wastewater(industrial wastewater proportion varied)could all lead to differences in MPs removal.The MPs abundance measured in this experiment was similar to some previous studies,but relatively high.The three WWTPs can discharge up to 6.0×10^(-8)-1.8×10^(-9) plastics of MPs per day,which poses potential ecological risks.This study indicates that the source control of MPs and optimizing the process design of existing WWTPs are crucial for preventing and controlling MPs pollution.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM)accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions.Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),zinc(Zn),and nickel(Ni)are examples of HMs that...Heavy metal(HM)accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions.Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),zinc(Zn),and nickel(Ni)are examples of HMs that negatively impact the growth and development of plants,resulting in lower agricultural output and food safety concerns.Biochar(BC),a substance rich in carbon that is formed by pyrolyzing natural biomass,has demonstrated remarkable promise in reducing HM stress in polluted soils.Research has shown that BC effectively lowers plant uptake of metals,and enhances soil qualities,and encourages microbial activity.Besides,BC improves the fertility of soil,retention of water,and nutrient absorption,while it interacts with soil microbes to help mitigate the negative effects.However,a number of variables affect how effective BC is as a soil supplement,including the kind of BC used,the soil’s characteristics,and the metal’s qualities.This review delves into the mechanisms of BC’s interactions with HMs,its potential to mitigate stress caused by different metals,and the factors that influence its efficiency.Furthermore,it draws attention to the drawbacks and difficulties associated with using BC in heavy-metal-contaminated soils,offering suggestions for future studies focused on maximizing its utilization for long-term soil rehabilitation and sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Based on the investigation of colored-leaf plant resources in Hefei City,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for colored-leaf plants in Hefei City.This system is comp...Based on the investigation of colored-leaf plant resources in Hefei City,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for colored-leaf plants in Hefei City.This system is composed of three layers:leaf ornamental value,ecological adaptability,and other ornamental values,including 12 evaluation indicators.The landscape value of the 20 selected species of colored-leaf trees were comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results show that 9 kinds of colored-leaf trees such as Ginkgo biloba and Tiadica sebifera are excellent(grade I,comprehensive evaluation value>3.5);7 species of colored-leaf trees such as Sophora japonica and Albizia juibissin are good(grade I 2.5≤comprehensive evaluation value≤3.5);4 types of colored-leaf trees such as Celtis sinensis and Pistacia chinensis are general(grade,comprehensive evaluation value<2.5).These results can provide theoretical references for the application of colored-leaf trees in uban green spaces of Hefei City.展开更多
文摘For decades,Xu has been committed to fulfilling the duty and mission of a scientist and educator—diving into the laws of nature,caring deeply for the nation,and earnestly cultivating younger generations.
基金funded by the Department of Education of Liaoning Province and was supported by the Basic Scientific Research Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Grant No.LJ222411632051)and(Grant No.LJKQZ2021085)Natural Science Foundation Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022-BS-222).
文摘Virtual power plant(VPP)integrates a variety of distributed renewable energy and energy storage to participate in electricity market transactions,promote the consumption of renewable energy,and improve economic efficiency.In this paper,aiming at the uncertainty of distributed wind power and photovoltaic output,considering the coupling relationship between power,carbon trading,and green cardmarket,the optimal operationmodel and bidding scheme of VPP in spot market,carbon trading market,and green card market are established.On this basis,through the Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in cooperative game theory,the quantitative analysis of the total income and risk contribution of various distributed resources in the virtual power plant is realized.Moreover,the scheduling strategies of virtual power plants under different risk preferences are systematically compared,and the feasibility and accuracy of the combination of Shapley value and independent risk contribution theory in ensuring fair income distribution and reasonable risk assessment are emphasized.A comprehensive solution for virtual power plants in the multi-market environment is constructed,which integrates operation strategy,income distribution mechanism,and risk control system into a unified analysis framework.Through the simulation of multi-scenario examples,the CPLEXsolver inMATLAB software is used to optimize themodel.The proposed joint optimization scheme can increase the profit of VPP participating in carbon trading and green certificate market by 29%.The total revenue of distributed resources managed by VPP is 9%higher than that of individual participation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072048 and U2004204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1001200)+2 种基金China Rice Research Institute Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202404)Academician Workstation of National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Agricultural Academic Science(CAAS),(Grant Nos.YBXM2422 and YBXM2423)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,China.
文摘The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.
基金supported by grants from the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20050203)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan joint fund to support key projects(U1802232)the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202101BC070002)the Yunnan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-033)the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province(202005AB160005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program.
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)is the highest and one of the most extensive plateaus in the world.Investigating naturalized non-native plant species composition,phylogenetic relationships among naturalized plant species,and phylogenetic relationships between native and naturalized plant species on the plateau is of great importance.Here,we analyze a comprehensive dataset including all species of native and naturalized vascular plants known to occur in the core part of the QTP.We use net relatedness index(NRI)and nearest taxon index(NTI),which reflect deep and shallow evolutionary histories,respectively,to quantify phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm species.The QTP included in this study(1,448,815 km^(2))has 9086 and 314 species of native and naturalized non-native vascular plants,respectively.We find that the naturalized angiosperm species are phylogenetically clustered with respect to the species pool including all native and naturalized angiosperm species on the QTP included in this study,regardless of whether NRI or NTI is used.For the eight regions within the QTP included in this study,NRI and NTI of naturalized angiosperms are positive in seven regions with respect to their respective regional species pools,reflecting phylogenetic clustering.Thus,naturalized angiosperm species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of all angiosperm species on the QTP,regardless of whether the studied plateau as a whole or its constituent regions are considered.
基金supported by the Faculty Startup Fund from Jining Medical University,the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2023QC309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102236)。
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors,particularly those in the R2R3 MYB subclass,are pivotal in plant growth,development,and environmental stress responses.As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants,the MYB family significantly regulates plant secondary metabolism,including the biosynthetic pathways for phenylpropanoids,which are crucial for stress resistance.This review presents a comprehensive overview of MYB transcription factor classification and their regulatory mechanisms in plant metabolism and stress responses.We discuss the roles of MYB transcription factors in biotic stress resistance,such as defense against pathogens and pests,and in abiotic stress tolerance,including responses to drought and salinity.Special attention is given to the interactions of R2R3 MYB with other transcription factors and co-repressors,focusing on how these synergistic or antagonistic relationships modulate physiological processes.The multifunctional role of R2R3 MYBs in stress responses positions them as promising targets for enhancing crop resilience through genetic breeding.Furthermore,this review highlights potential applications of MYB transcription factors in developing stress-resistant crops and their utility in plant resistant breeding programs.
基金supported by funding from Jiangxi Agricultural University(9232308314 to Huibin Han)Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province(20223BCJ25037 to Huibin Han and 20202ACB215002 to Shuaiying Peng)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Fund Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(20242BAB23066 to Yong Zhou)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060047 to Jianping Liu,32160739 to Youxin Yang,32460797 to Yong Zhou and 32460081 to Huibin Han)。
文摘Small signaling peptides,generally comprising fewer than 100 amino acids,act as crucial signaling molecules in cell-to-cell communications.Upon perception by their membrane-localized corresponding receptors or co-receptors,these peptide-receptor modules then(de)activate either long-distance or local signaling pathways,thereby orchestrating developmental and adaptive responses via(post)transcriptional,(post)translational,and epigenetic regulations.The physiological functions of small signaling peptides are implicated in a multitude of developmental processes and adaptive responses,including but not limited to,shoot and root morphogenesis,organ abscission,nodulation,Casparian strip formation,pollen development,taproot growth,and various abiotic stress responses such as aluminum,cadmium,drought,cold,and salinity.Additionally,they play a critical role in response to pathogenic invasions.These small signaling peptides also modulate significant agronomic and horticultural traits,such as fruit size,maize kernel development,fiber elongation,and rice awn formation.Here,we underscore the roles of several small signaling peptide families such as CLE,RALF,EPFL,mi PEP,CEP,IDA/IDL,and PSK in regulating these biological processes.These novel insights will deepen our current understanding of small signaling peptides,and offer innovative strategies for genetic breeding stress-tolerant crops and horticultural plants,contributing to establish sustainable agricultural systems.
文摘This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to improving air quality and minimizing pollution exposure. The samples for this research were collected from various sites across the streets of Jeddah governorate. The primary sources of air pollution in the research area are vehicle traffic and emissions from cars. Eight species were gathered from various streets in Jeddah governorate, namely, Azadirachta indica, Senna sulfurea, Ziziphus spina-christi, Cordia sebestena, Tecoma stans, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Ixora coccinea. The leaves of the studied plants were analyzed for secondary compounds using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Gas-chromatographic analyses revealed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in every plant. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widespread environmental pollutant. Moreover, Cordia sebestena was the sole plant that contained Phenol, 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] which is part of the phenols category. Environmental conditions can affect the production of secondary metabolites. By tracking the concentrations of these substances, researchers can evaluate the well-being of ecosystems and identify pollution.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)grant number 525793193Prof.Stefan Eimer and Ms.Marion Basoglu at Goethe University for their assistance in TEM characterization+1 种基金Mr.Holger Schranz for his help in plant cultivation and maintenanceProf.Bruno M.Moerschbacher from the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology at the Münster University。
文摘Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance,andthis strategy continues to be integral to today's farming.While effective,the large-scale implantations of theseproducts are not without environmental,ecological,and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges.To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture,designing and developing more biocompatible andsustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management.Over the recent decades,the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulantswith large-active-surface areas,including bio-compounds,biopolymers,and nanocarbons.However,the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment.More recently,thefield's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practicalapplications in nano-agriculture.Herein,we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidationon biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model forinducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds,seedlings,and plants.Moreover,we assessed theeffect of donor plants'age on short,mid-,and long-term biocompatibility,growth,and development/maturationof the recipient plants for up to around 30 days.As a proof-of-concept,we found these autologous bio-extractscould effectively promote seed sprouting,seedling germination,and the development of soil-drenched plantsof the same types.Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presenceof multiple phyto-compounds,including microtubules/actin filaments,cell vacuoles,Golgi stacks/endoplasmicreticulum,cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers,and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters ofcarbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts.This personalized plant stimulation may induce furthergrowth/defense-related mechanisms,setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Major Program of Hubei Province(2024BBA002)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(No.2023BBB065 and No.2024EBA010).
文摘Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living organisms,including humans,animals,and plants.Certain plant species have evolved Cd hyperaccumulating capabilities to adapt to high-Cd habitats,playing critical roles in phytoremediation strategies.Here we review the biodiversity and biogeography of Cd hyperaccumulators,the underlying mechanisms of Cd uptake and accumulation,and the ecological impacts of hyperaccumulation.Themajor points are the following:twenty-fourCd hyperaccumulator species have been documented,with shoot Cd concentrations ranging from 170-9000 mg⋅kg−1;core mechanisms involve root uptake by metal transporters(e.g.,heavy-metal ATPases,and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins),ligand-facilitated translocation via organic acids and phytochelatins,andABCtransporter-mediated vacuolar sequestration.Cd hyperaccumulators exert complex effects on rhizosphere microbiota,herbivores,and neighboring plant communities.Future research priorities should focus on the functional characterization of Cd transporters and regulatory genes,and comprehensive assessments of the ecological consequences of Cd accumulation in plants.
基金Supported by Major Project of School-level Teaching Reform and Research of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2022A006)。
文摘In comparison with conventional experimental teaching methods,the implementation of the Motic digital microscope mutual system in the experimental teaching of medicinal botany has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious approach to enhance the teaching level of experimental courses in medicinal botany.The implementation of a digital microscope mutual system in experimental teaching not only enhances students practical skills in laboratory operations but also increases classroom efficiency.Furthermore,it supports personalized development among students while fostering innovative thinking,independent learning capabilities,and analysis and problem-solving skills.Additionally,this approach contributes to the enhancement of students scientific literacy.
基金supported by the Excellent Youth Science Project of Henan Natural Science Foundation(242300421110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372129,32272038)Henan Provincial Nature Foundation Project(242300420151).
文摘Benzoxazinoids(BXDs)are a class of plant secondary metabolites that play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests,as well as in allelopathy.This review synthesizes recent advances in our understanding of the structural and functional diversity of BXDs,the independent evolutionary trajectories of their biosynthetic pathways across different plant species,their metabolic transformations in target organisms,and the opportunities and challenges of optimizing BXD biosynthesis in crops through metabolic engineering.Compared with monocotyledons,dicotyledons employ a more diverse set of enzymes to catalyze the core reactions of BXD biosynthesis.This functional divergence—yet biochemical convergence—between monocotyledons and dicotyledons exemplifies the convergent evolution of BXD biosynthetic pathways in plants.BXDs act not only as potent antifeedants,insecticides,and antimicrobials but also function as signaling molecules that induce callose deposition and activate systemic immunity,thereby enhancing plant resistance to biotic stress.Furthermore,BXDs shape the rhizosphere by modulating microbial communities through species-specific antimicrobial activities and microbial detoxification mechanisms,ultimately exerting allelopathic effects that alter soil chemistry and nutrient dynamics.The translational potential of BXDs is increasingly recognized by synthetic biology approaches,including artificial intelligence-driven enzyme optimization,heterologous pathway engineering,and gene-editing to enhance crop resistance.Despite these promising prospects,challenges remain in balancing metabolic trade-offs and mitigating ecological risks associated with persistent accumulation of BXDs.Future research integrating multi-omics,evolutionary genomics,and microbiome studies will be essential to fully harness BXDs for sustainable crop improvement and reduced reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.
文摘Typhoid fever remains a major global health challenge,particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation.The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi highlights the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies.Medicinal plants represent a promising avenue for addressing this crisis,as their bioactive compounds exhibit potent antibacterial properties.According to the World Health Organization,over 20,000 medicinal plant species have been identified as valuable resources for drug discovery,with more than 1,340 demonstrating antimicrobial activity and over 30,000 antimicrobial compounds isolated.Through an extensive review,key phytochemicals with anti-typhoid properties were identified,along with their mechanisms of action and supporting evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review compiles data on plants with demonstrated anti-typhoid activity,highlights challenges such as standardization,regulatory frameworks,and integration into modern healthcare,and explores the role of omics technologies in advancing the discovery of novel plant-based antimicrobial agents.By discussing potential medicinal plant targets and intervention strategies,this work lays the groundwork for future research into plant-derived anti-infective therapies and contributes to the global effort to combat the growing threat of typhoid fever,particularly in resource-limited settings.
基金supported by Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa grant number[TP IB-09-2020-UNSA].
文摘Treating municipal wastewater is essential to safeguarding both ecosystem integrity and public health.Although wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)significantly improve effluent quality,they also incur collateral environmental burdens.In this investigation,a"gate-to-gate"Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)was conducted to analyze the environmental performance of two major WWTPs in Arequipa:La Escalerilla(Plant A,activated sludge)and La Enlozada(Plant B,trickling filters).The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA and the ReCiPe Midpoint(H)2016 impact assessment method,with a functional unit defined as 1 m^(3)of treated effluent.Energy consumption emerges as the primary driver for the climate change(GWP100),fossil depletion(FDP),and human toxicity(HTPinf)impact categories,accounting for approximately 75% to 85% of the total effects.Plant A,which requires 0.59 kWh/m^(3)of electricity,achieves superior nutrient removal reflected in a freshwater eutrophication potential of 1.92×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3),and exhibits marginally higher CO_(2)-eq emissions(GWP100)(1.17×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)).Conversely,Plant B consumes only 0.34 kWh/m^(3),resulting in a slightly lower GWP100(1.14×10^(-1) kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3))and a significantly greater reduction in fossil depletion potential(FDP)(2.56×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)vs.Plant A's 4.75×10^(-2) kg oil-eq/m^(3)),although it exhibits an elevated eutrophication potential of 4.10×10^(-6) kg P-eq/m^(3).Both plants meet discharge standards.This study shows that treatment technologies must balance efficiency and sustainability,with energy use being critical.As Peruvian LCA research is scarce,these results offer key insights for future policies.
文摘This paper focuses on the technical management of concrete mixing plants.It introduces the whole-process engineering consulting model and elaborates on multifaceted aspects of technical management,including a matrix-based management framework,standardized design management pathways,cost early-warning systems,approval strategies,regulatory databases,etc.This paper also emphasizes the importance of innovations in collaborative management mechanisms for improving quality and efficiency.
文摘The ability of plants to tolerate cold is a complex process.When temperatures drop or freeze,plant tissues can develop ice,which dehydrates the cells.However,plants can protect themselves by preventing ice formation.This intricate response to cold stress is regulated by hormones,photoperiod,light,and various factors,in addition to genetic influences.In autumn,plants undergo morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes to prepare for the low temperatures of winter.Understanding cellular stress responses is crucial for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing cold resistance.Early autumn frosts or late spring chills can cause significant damage to plants,making it essential to adapt in autumn to survive winter conditions.While the general process of acclimatization is similar across many plant species,variations exist depending on the specific type of plant and regional conditions.Different plant organs exhibit varying degrees of damage from cold stress,and by applying agricultural principles,potential damage can be largely controlled.Timely reinforcement and stress prevention can minimize cold-related damage.Research has shown that in temperate climates,low temperatures restrict plant growth and yield.However,the intricate structural systems involved remain poorly understood.Over the past decade,studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to and resist cold stress.The gene signaling system is believed to play a crucial role in cold adaptation,and researchers have prioritized this area in their investigations.This study critically examines plant responses to cold stress through physiological adaptations,including calcium signaling dynamics,membrane lipid modifications,and adjustments in antioxidant systems.These mechanisms activate downstream gene expression and molecular functions,leading to key resistance strategies.Additionally,we explore the regulatory roles of endogenous phytohormones and secondary metabolites in cold stress responses.This review aims to enhance our foundational understanding of the mechanisms behind plant cold adaptation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477406,51878617)the horizontal scientific research project(KYY-HX-20220803)the Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Renewable Energy Infrastructure Construction Technology。
文摘The abundance of microplastics(MPs)in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)were determined in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.The MPs abundance was 140-350 particles per litre in the influent and 10-30 particles per litre in the effluent.Four shapes of MPs in the influent were observed,while mainly only debris was left in the effluent.The percentage of small(<100μm),medium(100-500μm),and large-sized(≥500μm)plastics in the raw leachate of the three WWTPs were 54.3%,8.6%,and 37.1%,28.6%,64.3%,and 7.1%,and 41.4%,24.1%,and 34.5%,respectively.Mainly only the size of≤100μm was left in the effluent of all.The removal efficiencies of MPs in a range of 78.6%to 96.6%were achieved.Polypropylene,polystyrene,polyethylene,polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were the main types and detected in all wastewater samples,accounting for over 75%of all types.The plastic components contained in different industrial wastewater were more complex.The distribution of MPs was significantly positively correlated with most conventional indicators such as chemical oxygen demead,ammonia nitrogen,and total phosphorus,but not with heavy metals.Similar wastewater,different treatment processes,or similar processes but different wastewater(industrial wastewater proportion varied)could all lead to differences in MPs removal.The MPs abundance measured in this experiment was similar to some previous studies,but relatively high.The three WWTPs can discharge up to 6.0×10^(-8)-1.8×10^(-9) plastics of MPs per day,which poses potential ecological risks.This study indicates that the source control of MPs and optimizing the process design of existing WWTPs are crucial for preventing and controlling MPs pollution.
文摘Heavy metal(HM)accumulation in soil poses a major hazard to both ecological health and plant growth progressions.Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),zinc(Zn),and nickel(Ni)are examples of HMs that negatively impact the growth and development of plants,resulting in lower agricultural output and food safety concerns.Biochar(BC),a substance rich in carbon that is formed by pyrolyzing natural biomass,has demonstrated remarkable promise in reducing HM stress in polluted soils.Research has shown that BC effectively lowers plant uptake of metals,and enhances soil qualities,and encourages microbial activity.Besides,BC improves the fertility of soil,retention of water,and nutrient absorption,while it interacts with soil microbes to help mitigate the negative effects.However,a number of variables affect how effective BC is as a soil supplement,including the kind of BC used,the soil’s characteristics,and the metal’s qualities.This review delves into the mechanisms of BC’s interactions with HMs,its potential to mitigate stress caused by different metals,and the factors that influence its efficiency.Furthermore,it draws attention to the drawbacks and difficulties associated with using BC in heavy-metal-contaminated soils,offering suggestions for future studies focused on maximizing its utilization for long-term soil rehabilitation and sustainable agriculture.
基金Sponsored by the Provincial Innovation Training Project for College Students of Anhui Xinhua University in 2023(S202312216044)Key Research Project of Natural Science in Universities of Anhui Province(2023AH051816)General Teaching Research Project of Anhui Province(2022jyxm665).
文摘Based on the investigation of colored-leaf plant resources in Hefei City,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for colored-leaf plants in Hefei City.This system is composed of three layers:leaf ornamental value,ecological adaptability,and other ornamental values,including 12 evaluation indicators.The landscape value of the 20 selected species of colored-leaf trees were comprehensively evaluated.The evaluation results show that 9 kinds of colored-leaf trees such as Ginkgo biloba and Tiadica sebifera are excellent(grade I,comprehensive evaluation value>3.5);7 species of colored-leaf trees such as Sophora japonica and Albizia juibissin are good(grade I 2.5≤comprehensive evaluation value≤3.5);4 types of colored-leaf trees such as Celtis sinensis and Pistacia chinensis are general(grade,comprehensive evaluation value<2.5).These results can provide theoretical references for the application of colored-leaf trees in uban green spaces of Hefei City.
