Racism,which has been a deeply rooted feature of so many human societies across the world for centuries,has become rampant in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic.In the past racism was thought to be as somehow“natura...Racism,which has been a deeply rooted feature of so many human societies across the world for centuries,has become rampant in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic.In the past racism was thought to be as somehow“natural”or“biological.”Later on,sociologists recognized“race”as a socially and culturally constructed ideology,which exists in a society at both the individual and institutional levels.Further down the timeline,psychologists viewed racism as an individual or a collective psychological defensive mechanism generated by feelings of fear,insecurity,and anxiety in the face of imminent or presumed internal or external threat.No matter how it is described,racism has become rampant in the shadow of COVID-19,manifested in the incidents of racial slurs and verbal abuse,online bullying,physical attacks,vandalism,and others.It took the forms of white supremacy,xenophobia,Sinophobia,and institutional and aversive racism.It was institutionalized,politicized,and religionized.Given this increasing occurrence of racism triggered by COVID-19,this paper tried to trace the historical roots of racism,followed by the analysis of the specific incidents of anti-Asian racism and discrimination related to COVID-19 in the United States.This paper also sketched the psychological implications of racism and some coping mechanisms for the victims.展开更多
目的通过对比分析“亚洲型”DEL孕妇与真阴性孕妇的临床抗-D同种免疫发生率,评估“亚洲型”DEL孕妇免于抗-D监测及RhD免疫球蛋白注射的可行性。方法收集2022年12月至2024年8月期间在本院就诊的165例经盐水法初筛为RhD阴性的孕妇作为研...目的通过对比分析“亚洲型”DEL孕妇与真阴性孕妇的临床抗-D同种免疫发生率,评估“亚洲型”DEL孕妇免于抗-D监测及RhD免疫球蛋白注射的可行性。方法收集2022年12月至2024年8月期间在本院就诊的165例经盐水法初筛为RhD阴性的孕妇作为研究对象。采用吸收放散试验、DEL基因分型和基因测序等技术将孕妇分为“亚洲型”DEL组和真阴性组。在获得知情同意的前提下,本研究对“亚洲型”DEL孕妇实施以下临床管理方案:免除常规抗-D检测、免于RhD免疫球蛋白注射和孕妇输注RhD阳性红细胞,待产后送检胎儿新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn,HDFN)检测。对真阴性孕妇实施常规管理方案。观察对比2组的同种免疫和HDFN发生情况。结果在165例初筛RhD阴性孕妇中,经血清学检测和基因分型鉴定,最终确认42例为“亚洲型”DEL、9例为D变异型和114例为真阴性。在42例“亚洲型”DEL孕妇中,3例因接受RhD免疫球蛋白注射而导致HDFN检测阳性;其余39例在充分告知风险后免除抗-D检测,未接受RhD免疫球蛋白预防,新生儿出生后HDFN检测均阴性。真阴性组中,20例检测到抗-D,其中6例HDFN检测阳性。1例“亚洲型”DEL孕妇在输注2单位RhD阳性红细胞后,未出现RhD同种免疫反应。统计结果显示,“亚洲型”DEL孕妇发生抗-D同种免疫的风险显著低于真阴性孕妇(P<0.05)。结论“亚洲型”DEL孕妇可免于常规抗-D检测,无需常规预防性RhD免疫球蛋白注射。展开更多
文摘Racism,which has been a deeply rooted feature of so many human societies across the world for centuries,has become rampant in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic.In the past racism was thought to be as somehow“natural”or“biological.”Later on,sociologists recognized“race”as a socially and culturally constructed ideology,which exists in a society at both the individual and institutional levels.Further down the timeline,psychologists viewed racism as an individual or a collective psychological defensive mechanism generated by feelings of fear,insecurity,and anxiety in the face of imminent or presumed internal or external threat.No matter how it is described,racism has become rampant in the shadow of COVID-19,manifested in the incidents of racial slurs and verbal abuse,online bullying,physical attacks,vandalism,and others.It took the forms of white supremacy,xenophobia,Sinophobia,and institutional and aversive racism.It was institutionalized,politicized,and religionized.Given this increasing occurrence of racism triggered by COVID-19,this paper tried to trace the historical roots of racism,followed by the analysis of the specific incidents of anti-Asian racism and discrimination related to COVID-19 in the United States.This paper also sketched the psychological implications of racism and some coping mechanisms for the victims.
文摘目的通过对比分析“亚洲型”DEL孕妇与真阴性孕妇的临床抗-D同种免疫发生率,评估“亚洲型”DEL孕妇免于抗-D监测及RhD免疫球蛋白注射的可行性。方法收集2022年12月至2024年8月期间在本院就诊的165例经盐水法初筛为RhD阴性的孕妇作为研究对象。采用吸收放散试验、DEL基因分型和基因测序等技术将孕妇分为“亚洲型”DEL组和真阴性组。在获得知情同意的前提下,本研究对“亚洲型”DEL孕妇实施以下临床管理方案:免除常规抗-D检测、免于RhD免疫球蛋白注射和孕妇输注RhD阳性红细胞,待产后送检胎儿新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn,HDFN)检测。对真阴性孕妇实施常规管理方案。观察对比2组的同种免疫和HDFN发生情况。结果在165例初筛RhD阴性孕妇中,经血清学检测和基因分型鉴定,最终确认42例为“亚洲型”DEL、9例为D变异型和114例为真阴性。在42例“亚洲型”DEL孕妇中,3例因接受RhD免疫球蛋白注射而导致HDFN检测阳性;其余39例在充分告知风险后免除抗-D检测,未接受RhD免疫球蛋白预防,新生儿出生后HDFN检测均阴性。真阴性组中,20例检测到抗-D,其中6例HDFN检测阳性。1例“亚洲型”DEL孕妇在输注2单位RhD阳性红细胞后,未出现RhD同种免疫反应。统计结果显示,“亚洲型”DEL孕妇发生抗-D同种免疫的风险显著低于真阴性孕妇(P<0.05)。结论“亚洲型”DEL孕妇可免于常规抗-D检测,无需常规预防性RhD免疫球蛋白注射。
