The immunohistochemical localization of IAA and the comparison of their relative levels were carried out for the first time in the anthers of Nongken 58S and its wild type Nongken 58 (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) af...The immunohistochemical localization of IAA and the comparison of their relative levels were carried out for the first time in the anthers of Nongken 58S and its wild type Nongken 58 (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) after long_day and short_day treatments. The distribution of free_IAA in anthers and its dynamic variation could be reflected by this method. The results showed that the IAA level in the anthers of Nongken 58S after long_day treatment was much lower than that in short_day_treated Nongken 58S and those in wild type Nongken 58 in five stages from pistil and stamen primordia formation to late uninucleate stage. The possible reasons for IAA deficiency in Nongken 58S_LD anthers and its relationship with fertility alteration were also discussed.展开更多
Two rice maintaining lines with different drought tolerances, viz., Jin 23B （tolerant） and Zhenshan 97B （sensitive）, were used to study the oxidative stress and soluble sugar in rice anthers and pollen viability u...Two rice maintaining lines with different drought tolerances, viz., Jin 23B （tolerant） and Zhenshan 97B （sensitive）, were used to study the oxidative stress and soluble sugar in rice anthers and pollen viability under drought stress during flowering stage. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malonaldehyde （MDA） content in rice anthers were observed in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B under drought stress. Further, a great increase in the content of soluble sugar in rice anthers of Jin 23B was observed across the whole drought exposure, while Zhenshan 97B showed significant decrease in soluble sugar during 9-12 d after drought stress （DADS）. Accordingly, a marked decline of pollen fertility and activity, pollen numbers in an anther and pollen numbers on a stigma was observed in Zhenshan 97B, whereas little difference was found in Jin 23B. Thus, we suggest that pollen abortion caused by drought stress may be related with the reciprocity between oxidative stress and soluble sugar content in rice anthers.展开更多
Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could h...Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.展开更多
Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with essential roles in plants.While the cultivated allotetraploid cottons exhibit distinct mature anther coloration—yellow in Gossypium barbadense versus predominantly ...Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with essential roles in plants.While the cultivated allotetraploid cottons exhibit distinct mature anther coloration—yellow in Gossypium barbadense versus predominantly white in G.hirsutum—the genetic basis of this divergence remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic basis of anther-color variation in cotton(Gossypium)species.We firstly identified carotenoids as the primary pigments underlying yellow-anthers coloration.Comparative transcriptomics of anthers revealed that the carotenoid biosynthesis gene GbPSY4 was expressed as a key regulator in G.barbadense.Functional validation via tissue-specific expression,subcellular localization,in vivo enzymatic assays,and virus-induced gene silencing confirmed its role in carotenoid biosynthesis and yellow pigmentation.Genome-wide association studies in a G.hirsutum population revealed GhPSY4_At,an ortholog of GbPSY4,as the causal gene of anther-color variation.We conclude that PSY4-regulated carotenoid biosynthesis governs yellow pigmentation.Furthermore,a finding that G.hirsutum accessions with yellow anthers showed greater pollen viability under high-temperature stress than those with white anthers suggests that the same pathway that governs yellow pigmentation influences heat tolerance.PSY4 is a promising target for breeding stress-tolerant cotton varieties.展开更多
Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther developmen...Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.展开更多
Carotenoids are natural pigments that are widely distributed in the flowers,fruits,and seeds of many plant species.These compounds not only endow diverse colors but also exhibit antioxidant,immune-modulatory,anti-agin...Carotenoids are natural pigments that are widely distributed in the flowers,fruits,and seeds of many plant species.These compounds not only endow diverse colors but also exhibit antioxidant,immune-modulatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Although carotenoid metabolism has been studied extensively in microbial and plant science,the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid metabolism in cotton remain underexplored.Here,we isolated gene GbDYA that regulates a dark-yellow anther color by map-based cloning using a BC1F1 population derived from a cross of Gossypium barbadense acc.Hai7124 with dark-yellow anthers and G.hirsutum acc.TM-1 with light-yellow anthers backcrossed with TM-1.GbDYA encodes phytoene synthase,a key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.A long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the first exon of GhDYA(an ortholog of GbDYA in G.hirsutum acc.TM-1)caused loss of function and led to the light-yellow anther color.GbDYA is predominantly expressed in the early stages of anther development.Transcriptome,RT-qPCR and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that GbDYA influences the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in anthers by modulating expression of key genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the accumulation of lutein,violaxanthin,antherxanthin,cryptoxanthin,zeaxanthin,andβ-carotene contributed to yellow coloration of anthers.Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that transcription factor GbMYB105(GB_A11G3511)binds to the promoter of GbDYA and activates its expression.High-temperature stress treatment indicated that carotenoids accumulation in anthers enhances pollen antioxidant activity.This study unravels the role of GbDYA in conferring the anther coloration,and provides the potential utilization by modulating accumulation of carotenoids in anthers to enhance pollen viability in high-temperature tolerance breeding in cotton.展开更多
Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maiz...Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maize(Zea mays L.),we analyzed Iso-Seq data from anthers collected at 10 developmental stages,together with strand-specific RNA-seq,CAGE-seq,and PAS-seq data.Of the 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms identified,68.8%have not been described;these include 22,365 isoforms that originate from previously unannotated loci and 82,167 novel isoforms that originate from annotated protein-coding genes.Using our newly developed strategy to detect dynamic expression patterns of isoforms,we identify 13,899 differentially variable regions(DVRs);surprisingly,1275 genes contain more than two DVRs,revealing highly efficient utilization of limited genic regions.We identify 7876 long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)from 4098 loci,most of which were preferentially expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.We also detected 371 long-range interactions involving intergenic lncRNAs(lincRNAs);interestingly,243 were lincRNA-gene ones,and the interacting genes were highly expressed in anthers,suggesting that many potential lncRNA regulators of key genes are required for anther development.This study provides valuable resources and fundamental information for studying the essential transcripts of key genes during anther development.展开更多
The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding metho...The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.展开更多
The temporal and spatial expression patterns of calmodulin mRNA in the developing tobacco anthers were investigated by in situ RNA hybridization, using digoxigening-labeled anti-RNA probe. Calmodulin mRNA was distribu...The temporal and spatial expression patterns of calmodulin mRNA in the developing tobacco anthers were investigated by in situ RNA hybridization, using digoxigening-labeled anti-RNA probe. Calmodulin mRNA was distributed in various developmental stages of tobacco anthers, but the expression level had temporal and spatial differences distinctly. During early stage of anther development, the expression level of calmodulin mRNA was significantly high, mainly distributed in epidermis, tapetum and transfusion parenchyma cells and so on. Especially, more mRNA was accumulated in the nuclei and chromosomes of microspore mother cells prior to and during meiosis. With the development of anther,mRNA was decreased gradually in the anther wall and pollen. By mature pollen stage, only a stronger positive reaction still existed in the epidermis of anther wall and transfusion parenchyma cells. The results suggest that the temporal and spatial expression of calmodulin mRNA is closely correlated with cell division,展开更多
Rice（Oryza sativa L.） MADS3 transcription factor regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species（ROS）during late anther development,and one MADS3 mutant,mads3-4,has defective anther walls,aborted microspores ...Rice（Oryza sativa L.） MADS3 transcription factor regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species（ROS）during late anther development,and one MADS3 mutant,mads3-4,has defective anther walls,aborted microspores and complete male sterility.Here,we report the untargeted metabolomic analysis of both wild type and mads3-4 mature anthers.Mutation of MADS3 led to an unbalanced redox status and caused oxidative stress that damages lipid,protein,and DNA.To cope with oxidative stress in mads3-4 anthers,soluble sugars were mobilized and carbohydrate metabolism was shifted to amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism to provide substrates for the biosynthesis of antioxidant proteins and the repair of DNA.Mutation of MADS3 also affected other aspects of rice anther development such as secondary metabolites associated with cuticle,cell wall,and auxin metabolism.Many of the discovered metabolic changes in mads3-4 anthers were corroborated with changes of expression levels of corresponding metabolic pathway genes.Altogether,this comparative metabolomic analysis indicated that MADS3 gene affects rice anther development far beyond the ROS homeostasis regulation.展开更多
The regulation of nutrient transportation and transformation in developing anthers is very complex. We analyzed the distribution and features of polysaccharides and lipids in the developing anthers of tomatoes using h...The regulation of nutrient transportation and transformation in developing anthers is very complex. We analyzed the distribution and features of polysaccharides and lipids in the developing anthers of tomatoes using histochemical methods. Some starches appeared in the connective somatic tissue of anthers during the sporogenous cell stage. Before meiosis of the microspore mother cell,a thick polysaccharide callose wall was formed,accompanied by a reduction in the connective tissue starches. During the tetrad stage after meiosis,the polysaccharide material in the anther did not change. At the early microspore stage,the starches in the connective cells again increased,and polysaccharide material appeared in the partial intine of pollen. At the late microspore stage,a large vacuole formed that did not contain lipids or starches,and only the pollen wall contained red polysaccharides. At this stage,the connective somatic cell starch amounts decreased,and the tapetal cells changed shape and degenerated. After microspore division,abundant lipids appeared in the bicellular pollen,and starches accumulated following pollen development. As the anthers matured,many lipids and some starches accumulated in the epidermal cells. Nutrient metabolism within the tomato pollen characteristically accumulated lipids first and then starches,while the mature pollen accumulated starches and lipids simultaneously. This characteristic pattern of nutrient metabolism in tomato pollen shows species specificity among plants.展开更多
Regeneration of haploid plants from wheat pollen cells by the anther culture method was long ago well accomplished by Ouyang et al. Thereafter, it has been used in wheat breeding. Hu Daofen et al. have made contributi...Regeneration of haploid plants from wheat pollen cells by the anther culture method was long ago well accomplished by Ouyang et al. Thereafter, it has been used in wheat breeding. Hu Daofen et al. have made contribution in wheat anther cultrure breeding and a new variety obtained has been widely used in production. Successes展开更多
Water scarcity is an escalating global challenge that severely threatens productivity and reproductive success in crops,particularly in drought-sensitive species such as Capsicum annuum L.Although deficit irrigation s...Water scarcity is an escalating global challenge that severely threatens productivity and reproductive success in crops,particularly in drought-sensitive species such as Capsicum annuum L.Although deficit irrigation strategies are widely recommended to enhance water use efficiency,knowledge remains limited regarding their interactions with soil amendments such as biochar and the consequent impacts on reproductive traits.This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of deficit irrigation strategies and biochar application on pollen viability and morphology in Capsicum annuum.The experiment was conducted under full,partial,and deficit irrigation regimes with and without biochar treatment,following a randomized block design.The primary parameters examined were pollen viability(viable,semi-viable,and non-viable rates),anther width and length,and pollen width and length.Microscopic measurements and statistical analyses(p≤0.05)revealed significant effects of both irrigation regimes and biochar applications.Under deficit irrigation,viable,semi-viable,and non-viable pollen rates were 29.84%,32.95%,and 37.21%,respectively,whereas the highest viable pollen rate was observed under full irrigation.In partial irrigation,viable pollen accounted for 31.67%,semi-viable for 38.81%,and non-viable for 29.49%.In plots treated with biochar under partial irrigation,anther width(1700.89μm),anther length(3805.34μm),pollen width(26.93μm),and pollen length(37.42μm)reached the highest values,while the lowest values were recorded in deficit irrigation plots without biochar.These findings emphasize the importance of integrating biochar into irrigation management to mitigate the adverse effects of water stress on pollen development.Nevertheless,further research is needed to clarify the long-term implications of these practices for reproductive success and agricultural sustainability.展开更多
Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER）. Several results were obtain from this experiment and they we...Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER）. Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow：① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER. ②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups. From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level. The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually. ③The combined use of 2, 4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus. ④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L. Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L. 6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet olantlet induction rate.展开更多
In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 F1 progenies of early Japonica rice in cold region on medium with different Fe2+ contents, it was found that Fe2+ content generated greater impacts on the induction ...In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 F1 progenies of early Japonica rice in cold region on medium with different Fe2+ contents, it was found that Fe2+ content generated greater impacts on the induction rate and green plantlet differentiation. The result demonstrated that if Fe2+ increased from 32 to 40 mg/kg, the induction rate of early Japonica rice anther culture in N6 culture media was more then 1.4 times higher than that in N6 culture media containing 5.6 mg/kg Fe2+. In this concentration range, the induction rate increased with the increase of Fe2+ content, while if the concentration was over this concentration range, the induction rate decreased with the increase of Fe2+, showing single peak distribution. When the Fe2+ was 40 mg/kg in differentiation medium, the differentiation rate decreased dramatically. The green plantlet differentiations of callus which were induced on culture media containing 32-40 mg/kg Fe2+ were different, when they were cultured on MS culture media, and 85.7% materials could increase green plantlet productivity to about 7.8%. Therefore, increasing Fe2+in induction media properly could increase anther culture efficiency of early Japonica rice in cold region.展开更多
Effects of four culture media including MS, N6, C17 and K on wheat anther callus induction in vitro culture were studied. The results showed that the callus in- duction rate of four kinds of culture medium was in the ...Effects of four culture media including MS, N6, C17 and K on wheat anther callus induction in vitro culture were studied. The results showed that the callus in- duction rate of four kinds of culture medium was in the order of K〉C17〉N6〉MS.展开更多
To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six t...To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.展开更多
[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus ...[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.展开更多
This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has bee...This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application of plant growth regulator thidiazuron（TDZ）in strawberry anther culture.[Method]Different combinations of TDZ and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA）auxine with diffe...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application of plant growth regulator thidiazuron（TDZ）in strawberry anther culture.[Method]Different combinations of TDZ and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA）auxine with different concentrations were used for induction culture,and then its effect on callus induction and plant regeneration were observed.[Result] The combination of 1.0 mg/L TDZ＋0.5 mg/LNAA was effective to accelerating the differentiation and regeneration of strawberries,and the differentiation ratio was as high as 75%.However,TDZ showed insignificant effect on strawberries anther induction.[Conclusion]This research had provided reference for large-scale production of strawberry through anther culture.展开更多
文摘The immunohistochemical localization of IAA and the comparison of their relative levels were carried out for the first time in the anthers of Nongken 58S and its wild type Nongken 58 (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) after long_day and short_day treatments. The distribution of free_IAA in anthers and its dynamic variation could be reflected by this method. The results showed that the IAA level in the anthers of Nongken 58S after long_day treatment was much lower than that in short_day_treated Nongken 58S and those in wild type Nongken 58 in five stages from pistil and stamen primordia formation to late uninucleate stage. The possible reasons for IAA deficiency in Nongken 58S_LD anthers and its relationship with fertility alteration were also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871473)the project from the China National Rice Research Institute (2009RG0035)+1 种基金the projects from Local Government of Zhejiang Province, China (2008C22073, 2009C32048, and SN200806)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Y3100060 and Y3100090)
文摘Two rice maintaining lines with different drought tolerances, viz., Jin 23B （tolerant） and Zhenshan 97B （sensitive）, were used to study the oxidative stress and soluble sugar in rice anthers and pollen viability under drought stress during flowering stage. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malonaldehyde （MDA） content in rice anthers were observed in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B under drought stress. Further, a great increase in the content of soluble sugar in rice anthers of Jin 23B was observed across the whole drought exposure, while Zhenshan 97B showed significant decrease in soluble sugar during 9-12 d after drought stress （DADS）. Accordingly, a marked decline of pollen fertility and activity, pollen numbers in an anther and pollen numbers on a stigma was observed in Zhenshan 97B, whereas little difference was found in Jin 23B. Thus, we suggest that pollen abortion caused by drought stress may be related with the reciprocity between oxidative stress and soluble sugar content in rice anthers.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFD1000402,2018YFD1000400)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Grant Nos.2021TC102,2018QC096).
文摘Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170271,32470277)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-52)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421076,222300420024).
文摘Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with essential roles in plants.While the cultivated allotetraploid cottons exhibit distinct mature anther coloration—yellow in Gossypium barbadense versus predominantly white in G.hirsutum—the genetic basis of this divergence remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic basis of anther-color variation in cotton(Gossypium)species.We firstly identified carotenoids as the primary pigments underlying yellow-anthers coloration.Comparative transcriptomics of anthers revealed that the carotenoid biosynthesis gene GbPSY4 was expressed as a key regulator in G.barbadense.Functional validation via tissue-specific expression,subcellular localization,in vivo enzymatic assays,and virus-induced gene silencing confirmed its role in carotenoid biosynthesis and yellow pigmentation.Genome-wide association studies in a G.hirsutum population revealed GhPSY4_At,an ortholog of GbPSY4,as the causal gene of anther-color variation.We conclude that PSY4-regulated carotenoid biosynthesis governs yellow pigmentation.Furthermore,a finding that G.hirsutum accessions with yellow anthers showed greater pollen viability under high-temperature stress than those with white anthers suggests that the same pathway that governs yellow pigmentation influences heat tolerance.PSY4 is a promising target for breeding stress-tolerant cotton varieties.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Program of Bingtuan,China (2023AA008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31960369)+1 种基金the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program,China (2025DA001)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China (222102110200)。
文摘Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.
基金financially supported in part by grants from Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD04040)Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program (BE2022384)Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry (CICMCP) (No. 10)
文摘Carotenoids are natural pigments that are widely distributed in the flowers,fruits,and seeds of many plant species.These compounds not only endow diverse colors but also exhibit antioxidant,immune-modulatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Although carotenoid metabolism has been studied extensively in microbial and plant science,the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid metabolism in cotton remain underexplored.Here,we isolated gene GbDYA that regulates a dark-yellow anther color by map-based cloning using a BC1F1 population derived from a cross of Gossypium barbadense acc.Hai7124 with dark-yellow anthers and G.hirsutum acc.TM-1 with light-yellow anthers backcrossed with TM-1.GbDYA encodes phytoene synthase,a key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.A long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the first exon of GhDYA(an ortholog of GbDYA in G.hirsutum acc.TM-1)caused loss of function and led to the light-yellow anther color.GbDYA is predominantly expressed in the early stages of anther development.Transcriptome,RT-qPCR and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that GbDYA influences the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in anthers by modulating expression of key genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the accumulation of lutein,violaxanthin,antherxanthin,cryptoxanthin,zeaxanthin,andβ-carotene contributed to yellow coloration of anthers.Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that transcription factor GbMYB105(GB_A11G3511)binds to the promoter of GbDYA and activates its expression.High-temperature stress treatment indicated that carotenoids accumulation in anthers enhances pollen antioxidant activity.This study unravels the role of GbDYA in conferring the anther coloration,and provides the potential utilization by modulating accumulation of carotenoids in anthers to enhance pollen viability in high-temperature tolerance breeding in cotton.
基金supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Category B)(32422063)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003500)the Zhengzhou University Qiushi Postdoctoral Research Funding Program.For open access,the authors have applied for a Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY)license for any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
文摘Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maize(Zea mays L.),we analyzed Iso-Seq data from anthers collected at 10 developmental stages,together with strand-specific RNA-seq,CAGE-seq,and PAS-seq data.Of the 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms identified,68.8%have not been described;these include 22,365 isoforms that originate from previously unannotated loci and 82,167 novel isoforms that originate from annotated protein-coding genes.Using our newly developed strategy to detect dynamic expression patterns of isoforms,we identify 13,899 differentially variable regions(DVRs);surprisingly,1275 genes contain more than two DVRs,revealing highly efficient utilization of limited genic regions.We identify 7876 long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)from 4098 loci,most of which were preferentially expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.We also detected 371 long-range interactions involving intergenic lncRNAs(lincRNAs);interestingly,243 were lincRNA-gene ones,and the interacting genes were highly expressed in anthers,suggesting that many potential lncRNA regulators of key genes are required for anther development.This study provides valuable resources and fundamental information for studying the essential transcripts of key genes during anther development.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(Grant No.KFB22045)the General Program of Natural Science Foundation Fujian,China(Grant No.2023J01460).
文摘The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.
文摘The temporal and spatial expression patterns of calmodulin mRNA in the developing tobacco anthers were investigated by in situ RNA hybridization, using digoxigening-labeled anti-RNA probe. Calmodulin mRNA was distributed in various developmental stages of tobacco anthers, but the expression level had temporal and spatial differences distinctly. During early stage of anther development, the expression level of calmodulin mRNA was significantly high, mainly distributed in epidermis, tapetum and transfusion parenchyma cells and so on. Especially, more mRNA was accumulated in the nuclei and chromosomes of microspore mother cells prior to and during meiosis. With the development of anther,mRNA was decreased gradually in the anther wall and pollen. By mature pollen stage, only a stronger positive reaction still existed in the epidermis of anther wall and transfusion parenchyma cells. The results suggest that the temporal and spatial expression of calmodulin mRNA is closely correlated with cell division,
基金supported by the China Innovative Research Team,Ministry of Education,111 Project(B14016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31110103915+2 种基金3117151830830014)Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development,Fudan University
文摘Rice（Oryza sativa L.） MADS3 transcription factor regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species（ROS）during late anther development,and one MADS3 mutant,mads3-4,has defective anther walls,aborted microspores and complete male sterility.Here,we report the untargeted metabolomic analysis of both wild type and mads3-4 mature anthers.Mutation of MADS3 led to an unbalanced redox status and caused oxidative stress that damages lipid,protein,and DNA.To cope with oxidative stress in mads3-4 anthers,soluble sugars were mobilized and carbohydrate metabolism was shifted to amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism to provide substrates for the biosynthesis of antioxidant proteins and the repair of DNA.Mutation of MADS3 also affected other aspects of rice anther development such as secondary metabolites associated with cuticle,cell wall,and auxin metabolism.Many of the discovered metabolic changes in mads3-4 anthers were corroborated with changes of expression levels of corresponding metabolic pathway genes.Altogether,this comparative metabolomic analysis indicated that MADS3 gene affects rice anther development far beyond the ROS homeostasis regulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31100225,31170289)
文摘The regulation of nutrient transportation and transformation in developing anthers is very complex. We analyzed the distribution and features of polysaccharides and lipids in the developing anthers of tomatoes using histochemical methods. Some starches appeared in the connective somatic tissue of anthers during the sporogenous cell stage. Before meiosis of the microspore mother cell,a thick polysaccharide callose wall was formed,accompanied by a reduction in the connective tissue starches. During the tetrad stage after meiosis,the polysaccharide material in the anther did not change. At the early microspore stage,the starches in the connective cells again increased,and polysaccharide material appeared in the partial intine of pollen. At the late microspore stage,a large vacuole formed that did not contain lipids or starches,and only the pollen wall contained red polysaccharides. At this stage,the connective somatic cell starch amounts decreased,and the tapetal cells changed shape and degenerated. After microspore division,abundant lipids appeared in the bicellular pollen,and starches accumulated following pollen development. As the anthers matured,many lipids and some starches accumulated in the epidermal cells. Nutrient metabolism within the tomato pollen characteristically accumulated lipids first and then starches,while the mature pollen accumulated starches and lipids simultaneously. This characteristic pattern of nutrient metabolism in tomato pollen shows species specificity among plants.
文摘Regeneration of haploid plants from wheat pollen cells by the anther culture method was long ago well accomplished by Ouyang et al. Thereafter, it has been used in wheat breeding. Hu Daofen et al. have made contribution in wheat anther cultrure breeding and a new variety obtained has been widely used in production. Successes
文摘Water scarcity is an escalating global challenge that severely threatens productivity and reproductive success in crops,particularly in drought-sensitive species such as Capsicum annuum L.Although deficit irrigation strategies are widely recommended to enhance water use efficiency,knowledge remains limited regarding their interactions with soil amendments such as biochar and the consequent impacts on reproductive traits.This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of deficit irrigation strategies and biochar application on pollen viability and morphology in Capsicum annuum.The experiment was conducted under full,partial,and deficit irrigation regimes with and without biochar treatment,following a randomized block design.The primary parameters examined were pollen viability(viable,semi-viable,and non-viable rates),anther width and length,and pollen width and length.Microscopic measurements and statistical analyses(p≤0.05)revealed significant effects of both irrigation regimes and biochar applications.Under deficit irrigation,viable,semi-viable,and non-viable pollen rates were 29.84%,32.95%,and 37.21%,respectively,whereas the highest viable pollen rate was observed under full irrigation.In partial irrigation,viable pollen accounted for 31.67%,semi-viable for 38.81%,and non-viable for 29.49%.In plots treated with biochar under partial irrigation,anther width(1700.89μm),anther length(3805.34μm),pollen width(26.93μm),and pollen length(37.42μm)reached the highest values,while the lowest values were recorded in deficit irrigation plots without biochar.These findings emphasize the importance of integrating biochar into irrigation management to mitigate the adverse effects of water stress on pollen development.Nevertheless,further research is needed to clarify the long-term implications of these practices for reproductive success and agricultural sustainability.
基金Supported by the National 863 Project of Tenth-five Year Plan(2001AA2411042004AA241104)+1 种基金Key Breeding Project of Sichuan Province and(200107001-16-01)Key Quality Project of Sichuan Province(200107001-1-7-4)~~
文摘Some influential factors of anther culture were studied preliminarily by conducting anther culture of the restorers of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER）. Several results were obtain from this experiment and they were listed as follow：① MS cultrure medium with such hormones as 2,4-D 2 mg/L,6-BA 0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L was the best suitable for callus induction of NER. ②The difference of induction rate was significantly different between different plant age groups. From the 110th day to 141th day,the induction rate was increased with the increase of age and the difference of induction rate reached 0.01 significant difference level. The induction rate reached the highest value in the 141th day then it declined gradually. ③The combined use of 2, 4-D and 6-BA with proper increase of 2,4-D was good for inducing callus. ④The green plantlet induction rate of NER was increased when the concentration of 6-BA increased from 2 mg/L to 4 mg/L. Adding ZT from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L. 6-BA would led 2.47% increase of green plantlet olantlet induction rate.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD01A01-6)~~
文摘In this study, through vitro culturing anthers of 7 F1 progenies of early Japonica rice in cold region on medium with different Fe2+ contents, it was found that Fe2+ content generated greater impacts on the induction rate and green plantlet differentiation. The result demonstrated that if Fe2+ increased from 32 to 40 mg/kg, the induction rate of early Japonica rice anther culture in N6 culture media was more then 1.4 times higher than that in N6 culture media containing 5.6 mg/kg Fe2+. In this concentration range, the induction rate increased with the increase of Fe2+ content, while if the concentration was over this concentration range, the induction rate decreased with the increase of Fe2+, showing single peak distribution. When the Fe2+ was 40 mg/kg in differentiation medium, the differentiation rate decreased dramatically. The green plantlet differentiations of callus which were induced on culture media containing 32-40 mg/kg Fe2+ were different, when they were cultured on MS culture media, and 85.7% materials could increase green plantlet productivity to about 7.8%. Therefore, increasing Fe2+in induction media properly could increase anther culture efficiency of early Japonica rice in cold region.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071413)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(122102110189)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(2011B210002)the Project for the Youth of Henan Institute of Education(20090103)the Key Research Project of Institution of Higher Education(15A210020)~~
文摘Effects of four culture media including MS, N6, C17 and K on wheat anther callus induction in vitro culture were studied. The results showed that the callus in- duction rate of four kinds of culture medium was in the order of K〉C17〉N6〉MS.
基金Supported by Projects of Sci-Tech Achievements Transformation in Chi-na(2006GBZG300311)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30760127)~~
文摘To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.
文摘[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.
文摘This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Projects in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(KGZ-16-07-02)Opening project in National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding in Beijing Forestry University~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application of plant growth regulator thidiazuron（TDZ）in strawberry anther culture.[Method]Different combinations of TDZ and naphthalene acetic acid（NAA）auxine with different concentrations were used for induction culture,and then its effect on callus induction and plant regeneration were observed.[Result] The combination of 1.0 mg/L TDZ＋0.5 mg/LNAA was effective to accelerating the differentiation and regeneration of strawberries,and the differentiation ratio was as high as 75%.However,TDZ showed insignificant effect on strawberries anther induction.[Conclusion]This research had provided reference for large-scale production of strawberry through anther culture.
