Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,whic...Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,which requires metal materials with robust corrosion resistance.This review covers an in-depth and all-around overview of the up-to-date advances in corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment.Firstly,the unique characteristics of deep-sea environment are summarized in detail.Subsequently,the corrosion performances of metals in both in situ and simulated deep-sea environments are illustrated systematically.Furthermore,corrosion prevent strategies of metals,including sacrificial anode protection,organic coatings,as well as coatings achieved by physical vapor deposition(PVD coatings),are highlighted.Finally,we outline current challenges and development trends of corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment in the future.The purpose of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress on metal corrosion and protection in deep sea,but also to aid us in understanding them more comprehensively and deeply in a short time,so as to boost their fast development.展开更多
Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)have gained widespread attention due to their high theoretica specific capacity,good safety,and low cost.Unfortunately Zn anodes suffer from serious problems of dendrites and side reac...Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)have gained widespread attention due to their high theoretica specific capacity,good safety,and low cost.Unfortunately Zn anodes suffer from serious problems of dendrites and side reactions,which should be solved by modifying the Zn anode(Zn host,protective layer),electrolyte,and separator.Carbon materials with structurally tunable and physicochemical stability properties have been widely used in the study of Zn anode protection and have also been reviewed in the past years.Nevertheless,review reports on carbon-based Zn anodes for Zn anode protection from new perspectives are still urgently needed.Moreover,the timeliness of the review reports is very valuable for researchers to timely and accurately understand the dynamics of the research field.Herein,this review firs reports the significance of AZMBs and summarizes the current main challenges that should be solved for practical application.Then,the ways to construct long-life Zn anodes using carbon materials from the perspectives of modified carbon materials with gradient properties(gradient zincophilicity,gradient electrical conductivity,and multigradient deposition)as protective layers/hosts to guide Zn ions toward bottom-up gradient Zn deposition are highlighted.In addition,the recent advances of carbon materials for electrolyte and separator modifications are demonstrated.Finally,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of carbon materials in AZMBs Zn anode protection are briefly outlined.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is considered as a promising energy storage system to realize high energy density.Nevertheless,unstable lithium metal anode emerges as the bottleneck toward practical applications,especial...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is considered as a promising energy storage system to realize high energy density.Nevertheless,unstable lithium metal anode emerges as the bottleneck toward practical applications,especially with limited anode excess required in a working full cell.In this contribution,a mixed diisopropyl ether-based(mixed-DIPE) electrolyte was proposed to effectively protect lithium metal anode in Li-S batteries with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN) cathodes.The mixed-DIPE electrolyte improves the compatibility to lithium metal and suppresses the dissolution of lithium polysulfides,rendering significantly improved cycling stability.Concretely,Li | Cu half-cells with the mixed-DIPE electrolyte cycled stably for 120 cycles,which is nearly five times longer than that with routine carbonate-based electrolyte.Moreover,the mixedDIPE electrolyte contributed to a doubled life span of 156 cycles at 0.5 C in Li | SPAN full cells with ultrathin 50 μm Li metal anodes compared with the routine electrolyte.This contribution affords an effective electrolyte formula for Li metal anode protection and is expected to propel the practical applications of high-energy-density Li-S batteries.展开更多
The rechargeable Li-O_(2) battery endowed with high theoretical specific energy density has sparked intense research interest as a promising energy storage system. However, the intrinsic high activity of Li anode,espe...The rechargeable Li-O_(2) battery endowed with high theoretical specific energy density has sparked intense research interest as a promising energy storage system. However, the intrinsic high activity of Li anode,especially to moisture, usually leads to inferior electrochemical performance of Li-O_(2) battery in humid environments, hindering its widespread application. To settle the trouble of poor moisture tolerance, fabricating a water-proof layer on the Li-metal anode could be an effective tactic. Herein, a facile strategy for constructing an ibuprofen-based protective layer on the Li anode has been proposed to realize highly rechargeable Li-O_(2) battery in humid atmosphere. Due to the in-situ reaction between ibuprofen reagent and metallic Li, the protective layer with a thickness of ~30 μm has been uniformly deposited on the surface of Li anode. Particularly, the protective layer, consisting of a large amount of hydrophobic alkyl group and benzene ring, can significantly resist water ingress and enhance the electrochemical stability of Li anode. As a result, the Li-O_(2) battery based on the protected Li anode achieves a long cycle life of 210 h(21 cycles at 1000 m Ah/g, 200 m A/g) in highly moist atmosphere with relative humidity(RH) of68%. This convenient and efficient strategy offers novel design concept of water-resistant metal anode,and paves the way to the promising future prospect for the high-energy Li-O_(2) battery implementing in the ambient atmosphere.展开更多
Aqueous Cu-S batteries(ACSBs)offer a promising energy storage solution by leveraging the unique redox properties of Cu^(2+)ions,enabling high theoretical capacities through a four-electron transfer reaction.These adva...Aqueous Cu-S batteries(ACSBs)offer a promising energy storage solution by leveraging the unique redox properties of Cu^(2+)ions,enabling high theoretical capacities through a four-electron transfer reaction.These advantages are coupled with inherent safety and low cost,making ACSBs a compelling alternative to traditional batteries.However,the practical application of ACSBs is hindered by the low conductivity of sulfur and the high energy barrier associated with phase transitions,which limit material utilization and reaction kinetics.Herein,we propose for the first time a multifunctional organic small-molecule polysulfide catalyst,Zn(phen)S_(6),and successfully convert them into nanocapsules that are homogeneously dispersed on the cathode surface,effectively increasing the catalytic active sites.Moreover,this complex undergoes reversible reactions during cycling,releasing zinc ions that form a dense protective layer on the anode during charging,effectively inhibiting dendrite growth.Meanwhile,Zn(phen)S_(6)interacts with Cu^(2+)ions to undergo an in-situ solid-state transformation into a novel catalyst,[Cu(phen)(H_(2)O)_(2)SO_(4)]_(n).This catalyst not only accelerates electron transfer but also serves as an ion transport channel,significantly boosting reaction kinetics.This battery demonstrates exceptional stability,retaining 97.7%of its initial capacity after 1200 cycles at a high current density of 10 A g^(-1).Furthermore,it maintains an impressive capacity of 1157 m Ah g^(-1)after 1600 cycles at 20 A g^(-1).This work provides pivotal insights into the design and application of molecular catalysts,opening new pathways for advancing Cu-S battery technologies.展开更多
With the sustainable and efficient development of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),the research on addressing the issues of the adaptability and durability of zinc anodes has been hot-topic and is still of great chal...With the sustainable and efficient development of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),the research on addressing the issues of the adaptability and durability of zinc anodes has been hot-topic and is still of great challenge.In this work,inspired by the sand treatment and afforestation of the Gobi Beach in Northwest China to ameliorate the problem of wind and sand encroachment,we propose a material with a morphology similar to that of a“shelter forest”,CuSiO_(3)nanoneedles arrays grown on both sides of reduced graphene oxide(rGO@CuSi),as a coating layer on the zinc metal surface to guide Zn gradient deposition.The presence of rGO improves the electrical conductivity of CuSiO_(3),and the finite element simulation of the electric field and Zn^(2+)concentration proves that the electric field distribution can be effectively homogenized and the local current density can be reduced for the rGO@CuSi-Zn electrode with the surface presenting the shape of a protective forest.This is due to the abundant pores between the nano-needle array structures on the surface of the electrode,which provide high electron and ion transport paths,and are conducive to achieving uniform Zn deposition,like the principle of wind-sand stabilization by protective forest.Both electrochemical experiments and density functional theory calculations show that the negatively charged surface of r GO@CuSi with good Zn affinity is more capable of guiding Zn^(2+)transport.Thanks to its inherent material and structural characteristics,the r GO@CuSi-Zn anode has a high specific capacity and good cycling stability.This study provides insight for interface engineering like protective forest to accelerate the commercialization of high-performance Zn-based batteries.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)have emerged as a promising new energy storage technology,characterized by their low cost,high safety,environmental friendliness,and the abundant availability of Zn resources...Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)have emerged as a promising new energy storage technology,characterized by their low cost,high safety,environmental friendliness,and the abundant availability of Zn resources.However,several challenges remain with their use,such as zinc dendrite formation,corrosion,passivation,and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the zinc anodesurface,leading to a short overall battery life.In this paper,a zinc anode-coating method with silica-fly ash composite(FAS)has been developed.This modified Zn anode(5FAS@Zn)demonstrates remarkable improvements in the performance and stability of ZIBs by effectively decreasing zinc nucleation overpotential and minimizing charge transfer resistance while facilitating stable Zn plating and stripping as well as achieving even zinc deposition.The remarkable cycling lifespan of the 5FAS@Znll5FAS@Zn symmetrical cell is 1800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1500 h at1 mA cm^(-2).The 5FAS@ZnllCu half-cell outperforms pure Zn batteries with a high and consistent Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 99.8%over 800 cycles at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the full cell of 5FAS@ZnllV_(2)O_(5)exhibits notable improvements in cycling performance.This research provides a scalable and sustainable method to extend the life of zinc anodes and has significant implications for the large-scale deployment of zinc-ion batteries.展开更多
Seawater electrolysis provides a sustainable pathway for large-scale hydrogen production without reliance on freshwater resources.However,its practical implementation is hindered by the short lifespan of anodes,primar...Seawater electrolysis provides a sustainable pathway for large-scale hydrogen production without reliance on freshwater resources.However,its practical implementation is hindered by the short lifespan of anodes,primarily caused by chlorine-induced corrosion in seawater.Herein,we present a self-sustaining anode protection strategy that remarkably enhances the durability of seawater electrolysis for efficient hydrogen production.This OH^(–)-trapping anode is designed by trapping OH^(–)within in-situ generated Lewis acid sites and structural vacancies formed via alkaline corrosion of amorphous NiMoSx.This design creates an anion-rich electrode interface with spontaneous accumulation and continuous replenishment of OH^(–)from the bulk electrolyte,ensuring long-lasting anode protection against corrosion through the electrostatic repulsion of chloride ions during operation.Simultaneously,it directs the anodic reaction along a stable adsorbate evolution mechanism with minimal metal leaching.Consequently,alkaline seawater electrolysis avoiding chlorine-induced corrosion achieves an exceptional lifespan exceeding 3,000 h under industrial current densities.By directly utilizing OH^(–)from the alkaline electrolyte for long-term anode protection,the operational complexity and cost of seawater electrolysis are significantly reduced,making it highly appealing for practical use.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy storage.However,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evo...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy storage.However,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and corrosion side reactions.Herein,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite(MMT)layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable AZIBs.The results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc ions.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and water contact angle(CA)tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn^(2+)and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling stability.Moreover,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 0.125 m A h cm^(-2),even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm^(-2)and 1.25 m A h cm^(-2).The MMT@Zn||V_(2)O_(5)full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1)with excellent rate capability.Therefore,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.展开更多
Research on corrosion behaviour of zinc in natural sea water without and with fucoidan was carried out by potentiodynamic polarisation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results revealed that...Research on corrosion behaviour of zinc in natural sea water without and with fucoidan was carried out by potentiodynamic polarisation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results revealed that fucoidan serves as a good inhibitor for zinc in sea water. Polarisation curves suggested that corrosion potential values shifted to the positive ones after adding inhibitor and fucoidan retards anodic reaction more. Thus, fucoidan can be acted as anodic inhibitor. EIS results showed two phenomena including a charge transfer and an adsorption film. The corrosion inhibition of fucoidan was further confirmed by the scanning electron microscope （SEM） and atomic force microscope （AFM） analysis. Langmuir＇s adsorption isotherm was found the appropriate adsorption model.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy-storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantages in very high-energy density and excellent material sustainabi...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy-storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantages in very high-energy density and excellent material sustainability.The cathode with high sulfur areal loading is vital for the practical applications of Li–S batteries with very high energy density.However,the high sulfur loading in an electrode results in poor rate and cycling performances of batteries in most cases.Herein,we used diameters of 5.0(D5)and 13.0(D13)mm to probe the effect of electrodes with different sizes on the rate and cycling performances under a high sulfur loading(4.5 mg cm^-2).The cell with D5 sulfur cathode exhibits better rate and cycling performances comparing with a large(D13)cathode.Both the high concentration of lithium polysulfides and corrosion of lithium metal anode impede rapid kinetics of sulfur redox reactions,which results in inferior battery performance of the Li–S cell with large diameter cathode.This work highlights the importance of rational matching of the large sulfur cathode with a high areal sulfur loading,carbon modified separators,organic electrolyte,and Li metal anode in a pouch cell,wherein the sulfur redox kinetics and lithium metal protection should be carefully considered under the flooded lithium polysulfide conditions in a working Li–S battery.展开更多
A lithium-sulfur(Li-S)system is an important candidate for future lithium-ion system due to its low cost and high specific theoretical capacity(1675 m Ah/g,2600 Wh/kg),which is greatly hindered by the poor conductivit...A lithium-sulfur(Li-S)system is an important candidate for future lithium-ion system due to its low cost and high specific theoretical capacity(1675 m Ah/g,2600 Wh/kg),which is greatly hindered by the poor conductivity of sulfur,large volume change and dissolution of lithium polysulfides.Two-dimensional(2D)materials with monolayers or few-layers usually have peculiar structures and physical/chemical properties,which can resolve the critical issues in Li-S batteries.Especially,the metal-based 2D nanomaterials,including ferrum,cobalt or other metal-based composites with various anions,can provide high conductivity,large surface area and abundant reaction sites for restraining the diffusion for lithium polysulfides.In this mini-review,we will present an overview of recent developments on metal-based 2D nanomaterials with various anions as the electrode materials for Li-S batteries.Since the main bottleneck for the Li-S system is the shuttle of polysulfides,emphasis is placed on the structure and components,physical/chemical interaction and interaction mechanisms of the 2D materials.Finally,the challenges and prospects of metal-based 2D nanomaterials for Li-S batteries are discussed and proposed.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost.However,critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polys...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost.However,critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li-S batteries.Carbon nitrides(C_(x)N_(y)),represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),provide new opportunities for overcoming these challenges.With a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content,g-C_(3)N_(4) can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S species.In addition,its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li-S batteries.Here,the recent progress of applying C_(x)N_(y)-based materials including the optimized g-C_(3)N_(4),g-C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,and other novel C_(x)N_(y) materials is systematically reviewed in Li-S batteries,with a focus on the structure-activity relationship.The limitations of existing C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are identified,and the perspectives on the rational design of advanced C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are provided for high-performance Li-S batteries.展开更多
With the increasing demand for scalable and cost-effective electrochemical energy storage,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have a broad application prospect as an inexpensive,efficient,and naturally secure energy stor...With the increasing demand for scalable and cost-effective electrochemical energy storage,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have a broad application prospect as an inexpensive,efficient,and naturally secure energy storage device.However,the limitations suffered by AZIBs,including volume expansion and active materials dissolution of the cathode,electrochemical corrosion,irreversible side reactions,zinc dendrites of the anode,have seriously decelerated the civilianization process of AZIBs.Currently,polymers have tremendous superiority for application in AZIBs attributed to their exceptional chemical stability,tunable structure,high energy density and outstanding mechanical properties.Considering the expanding applications of AZIBs and the superiority of polymers,this comprehensive paper meticulously reviews the benefits of utilizing polymeric applied to cathodes and anodes,respectively.To begin with,with adjustable structure as an entry point,the correlation between polymer structure and the function of energy storage as well as optimization is deeply investigated in respect to the mechanism.Then,depending on the diversity of properties and structures,the development of polymers in AZIBs is summarized,including conductive polymers,redox polymers as well as carbon composite polymers for cathode and polyvinylidene fluoride-,carbonyl-,amino-,nitrile-based polymers for anode,and a comprehensive evaluation of the shortcomings of these strategies is provided.Finally,an outlook highlights some of the challenges posed by the application of polymers and offers insights into the potential future direction of polymers in AZIBs.It is designed to provide a thorough reference for researchers and developers working on polymer for AZIBs.展开更多
Severe performance drop and fire risk due to the uneven lithium(Li) dendrite formation and growth during charge/discharge process has been considered as the major obstacle to the practical application of Li metal batt...Severe performance drop and fire risk due to the uneven lithium(Li) dendrite formation and growth during charge/discharge process has been considered as the major obstacle to the practical application of Li metal batteries.So inhibiting dendrite growth and producing a stable and robust solid electrolyte interface(SEI) layer are essential to enable the use of Li metal anodes.In this work,a functional lithiophilic polymer composed of chitosan(CTS),polyethylene oxide(PEO),and poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate)(PTEGDMA),was homogeneously deposited on a commercial Celgard separator by combining electrospraying and polymer photopolymerization techniques.The lithiophilic environment offered by the CTS-PEO-PTEGDMA layer enables uniform Li deposition and facilitates the formation of a robust homogeneous SEI layer,thus prevent the formation and growth of Li dendrites.As a result,both Li/Li symmetric cells and LiFePO4/Li full cells deliver significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and cycle life.Even after 1000 cycles,the specific capacity of the modified full cell could be maintained at65.8 mAh g^(-1), twice which of the unmodified cell(32.8 mAh g^(-1)).The long-term cycling stability in Li/Li symmetric cells,dendrite-free anodes in SEM images and XPS analysis suggest that the pulverization of the Li anode was effectively suppressed by the lithiophilic polymer layer.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage ap-plications in term of high abundance,high specific capacity and remarkable safety of metallic magne-sium(Mg)anode.However,...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage ap-plications in term of high abundance,high specific capacity and remarkable safety of metallic magne-sium(Mg)anode.However,a serious passivation of Mg anode in the conventional electrolytes leads to extremely poor plating/stripping performance,further hindering its applications.Herein,we propose a convenient method to construct an artificial interphase layer on Mg anode by substitution and alloy-ing reactions between SbCl_(3) and Mg.This Sb-based artificial interphase layer containing mainly MgCl_(2) and Mg_(3) Sb_(2) endows the significantly improved interfacial kinetics and electrochemical performance of Mg anode.The overpotential of Mg plating/stripping in conventional Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolytes is vastly reduced from over 2 V to 0.25-0.3 V.Combining experiments and calculations,we demonstrate that un-der the uniform distribution of MgCl_(2) and Mg_(3) Sb_(2),an electric field with a favorable potential gradient is formed on the anode surface,which enables swift Mg^(2+)migration.Meanwhile,this layer can inhibit the decomposition of electrolytes to protect anode.This work provides an in-depth exploration of the artificial solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)construction,and a more achievable and safe path to realize the application of metallic Mg anode in RMBs.展开更多
As a new type of green battery system,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have gradually become a research hotspot due to their low cost,high safety,excellent stability,high theoretical capacity(820 mAh·g^(-1))of zi...As a new type of green battery system,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have gradually become a research hotspot due to their low cost,high safety,excellent stability,high theoretical capacity(820 mAh·g^(-1))of zinc anode,and low redox potential(-0.76 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode(SHE)).AZIBs have been expected to be an alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale commercial energy storage applications.Unfortunately,they are facing thorny issues such as degradation of cycling performance,zinc dendrites,and side reactions.At the same time,these problems cause short cycling life of batteries,thus severely limiting their commercial application.In recent years,many more researches have been conducted on the modification of anode and cathode materials of AZIBs,but there is a lack of in-depth discussion on the characteristics and mechanism of electrolyte additives.In this review,we will make a systematic summary of the current problems with two electrodes in AZIBs,as well as the types and functions of electrolyte additives.Moreover,we further systematically describe the modulation mechanism of electrolyte additives in the performance of the cathode and anode.The prospects and development directions of additive modulation strategies for AZIBs electrolytes are prospected.展开更多
In 2011,a new class of 2D materials was discovered;after 2012,they began to be concerned;in 2017,the“gold rush”of the materials was triggered,and they are exactly MXenes.2D MXenes,a new class of transition metal car...In 2011,a new class of 2D materials was discovered;after 2012,they began to be concerned;in 2017,the“gold rush”of the materials was triggered,and they are exactly MXenes.2D MXenes,a new class of transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,have become the star and cutting-edge research materials in the field of emerging batteries systems due to their unique 2D structure,abundant surface chemistry,and excellent physical and electrochemical properties.This review focuses on the MXene materials and summarizes the recent advancements in the synthesis techniques and properties,in addition to a detailed discussion on the electrochemical energy storage applications,including alkali-ion(Li^(+),Na^(+),K^(+))storage,lithium-sulfur(Li–S)batteries,sodiumsulfur(Na–S)batteries,and metal anode protection.Special attentions are given to the elaborate design of nano-micro structures of MXenes for the various roles as electrodes,multifunctional components,S hosts,modified separators,and metal anode protective layers.The paper ends with a prospective summary of the promising research directions in terms of synthesis,structure,properties,analysis,and production on MXene materials.展开更多
Rechargeable sodium–oxygen(Na-O_(2))and sodium–carbon dioxide(Na-CO_(2))batteries have attracted intensive research attention in recent years owing to their advantages of high theoretical energy density,modest cost,...Rechargeable sodium–oxygen(Na-O_(2))and sodium–carbon dioxide(Na-CO_(2))batteries have attracted intensive research attention in recent years owing to their advantages of high theoretical energy density,modest cost,abundance of sodium resources,and promising potential for achieving real sodium–air batteries in large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,current research on Na-O_(2)and Na-CO_(2)batteries is facing enormous challenges,such as low energy efficiency and limited cycle life,which are restricting their progress at the initial stage.Therefore,understanding their working principles,and the chemical and electrochemical reactions of the electrodes is indispensable to achieve their practical application and even the goal of true sodium–air batteries.This review aims to provide an overview of the research developments and future perspectives on Na-O_(2)and Na-CO_(2)batteries,which include the major aspects,such as working mechanisms,air cathode materials design strategies,sodium anode protection,and electrolyte stability.Moreover,the remaining issues and future research directions are also thoroughly discussed and presented.展开更多
Rechargeable lithium-oxygen （Li-O2） batteries have received intensive research interest due to its ultrahigh energy density, while its cycle stability is still hindered by the high reactivity of the Li anode with ox...Rechargeable lithium-oxygen （Li-O2） batteries have received intensive research interest due to its ultrahigh energy density, while its cycle stability is still hindered by the high reactivity of the Li anode with oxygen and moisture. To alleviate the corrosion of the metallic lithium anodes for achieving a stable Li-O2 battery, and as a proof-of-concept experiment, a distinctive hybrid electrolyte system with an organic/ceramic/organic electrolyte （OCOE） architecture is designed. Importantl~ the cycle number of Li-O2 batteries with OCOE is significantly improved compared with batteries with an organic electrolyte （OE）. This might be attributed to the effective suppression of the lithium anode corrosion caused by the OE degradation and the crossover of oxygen from the cathode. We consider that our facile, low-cost, and highly effective lithium protection strategy presents a new avenue to address the daunting corrosion problem of lithium metal anodes in Li-O2 batteries. In addition, the proposed strategy can be easily extended to other metal-O2 battery systems, such as Na-O2 batteries.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3808800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301406 and 52375219)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LR21E050001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733600)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2023J329).
文摘Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,which requires metal materials with robust corrosion resistance.This review covers an in-depth and all-around overview of the up-to-date advances in corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment.Firstly,the unique characteristics of deep-sea environment are summarized in detail.Subsequently,the corrosion performances of metals in both in situ and simulated deep-sea environments are illustrated systematically.Furthermore,corrosion prevent strategies of metals,including sacrificial anode protection,organic coatings,as well as coatings achieved by physical vapor deposition(PVD coatings),are highlighted.Finally,we outline current challenges and development trends of corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment in the future.The purpose of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress on metal corrosion and protection in deep sea,but also to aid us in understanding them more comprehensively and deeply in a short time,so as to boost their fast development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375109)the"Grassland Talent"Program and"Young Scientific and Technological Talent"Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJYT23001)the"Steed"Plan of Inner Mongolia University。
文摘Aqueous Zn metal batteries(AZMBs)have gained widespread attention due to their high theoretica specific capacity,good safety,and low cost.Unfortunately Zn anodes suffer from serious problems of dendrites and side reactions,which should be solved by modifying the Zn anode(Zn host,protective layer),electrolyte,and separator.Carbon materials with structurally tunable and physicochemical stability properties have been widely used in the study of Zn anode protection and have also been reviewed in the past years.Nevertheless,review reports on carbon-based Zn anodes for Zn anode protection from new perspectives are still urgently needed.Moreover,the timeliness of the review reports is very valuable for researchers to timely and accurately understand the dynamics of the research field.Herein,this review firs reports the significance of AZMBs and summarizes the current main challenges that should be solved for practical application.Then,the ways to construct long-life Zn anodes using carbon materials from the perspectives of modified carbon materials with gradient properties(gradient zincophilicity,gradient electrical conductivity,and multigradient deposition)as protective layers/hosts to guide Zn ions toward bottom-up gradient Zn deposition are highlighted.In addition,the recent advances of carbon materials for electrolyte and separator modifications are demonstrated.Finally,the remaining challenges and future perspectives of carbon materials in AZMBs Zn anode protection are briefly outlined.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500 and 2016YFA0200102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776019,21825501,and U1801257)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery is considered as a promising energy storage system to realize high energy density.Nevertheless,unstable lithium metal anode emerges as the bottleneck toward practical applications,especially with limited anode excess required in a working full cell.In this contribution,a mixed diisopropyl ether-based(mixed-DIPE) electrolyte was proposed to effectively protect lithium metal anode in Li-S batteries with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN) cathodes.The mixed-DIPE electrolyte improves the compatibility to lithium metal and suppresses the dissolution of lithium polysulfides,rendering significantly improved cycling stability.Concretely,Li | Cu half-cells with the mixed-DIPE electrolyte cycled stably for 120 cycles,which is nearly five times longer than that with routine carbonate-based electrolyte.Moreover,the mixedDIPE electrolyte contributed to a doubled life span of 156 cycles at 0.5 C in Li | SPAN full cells with ultrathin 50 μm Li metal anodes compared with the routine electrolyte.This contribution affords an effective electrolyte formula for Li metal anode protection and is expected to propel the practical applications of high-energy-density Li-S batteries.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075171)。
文摘The rechargeable Li-O_(2) battery endowed with high theoretical specific energy density has sparked intense research interest as a promising energy storage system. However, the intrinsic high activity of Li anode,especially to moisture, usually leads to inferior electrochemical performance of Li-O_(2) battery in humid environments, hindering its widespread application. To settle the trouble of poor moisture tolerance, fabricating a water-proof layer on the Li-metal anode could be an effective tactic. Herein, a facile strategy for constructing an ibuprofen-based protective layer on the Li anode has been proposed to realize highly rechargeable Li-O_(2) battery in humid atmosphere. Due to the in-situ reaction between ibuprofen reagent and metallic Li, the protective layer with a thickness of ~30 μm has been uniformly deposited on the surface of Li anode. Particularly, the protective layer, consisting of a large amount of hydrophobic alkyl group and benzene ring, can significantly resist water ingress and enhance the electrochemical stability of Li anode. As a result, the Li-O_(2) battery based on the protected Li anode achieves a long cycle life of 210 h(21 cycles at 1000 m Ah/g, 200 m A/g) in highly moist atmosphere with relative humidity(RH) of68%. This convenient and efficient strategy offers novel design concept of water-resistant metal anode,and paves the way to the promising future prospect for the high-energy Li-O_(2) battery implementing in the ambient atmosphere.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971221,21401162)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241930)+3 种基金the Yangzhou University Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Chemistry Discipline(yzuxk202010)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(grant number KYCX22_3467,KYCX24_3727)High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents Program of Jiangsu’Qing Lan Project’in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province。
文摘Aqueous Cu-S batteries(ACSBs)offer a promising energy storage solution by leveraging the unique redox properties of Cu^(2+)ions,enabling high theoretical capacities through a four-electron transfer reaction.These advantages are coupled with inherent safety and low cost,making ACSBs a compelling alternative to traditional batteries.However,the practical application of ACSBs is hindered by the low conductivity of sulfur and the high energy barrier associated with phase transitions,which limit material utilization and reaction kinetics.Herein,we propose for the first time a multifunctional organic small-molecule polysulfide catalyst,Zn(phen)S_(6),and successfully convert them into nanocapsules that are homogeneously dispersed on the cathode surface,effectively increasing the catalytic active sites.Moreover,this complex undergoes reversible reactions during cycling,releasing zinc ions that form a dense protective layer on the anode during charging,effectively inhibiting dendrite growth.Meanwhile,Zn(phen)S_(6)interacts with Cu^(2+)ions to undergo an in-situ solid-state transformation into a novel catalyst,[Cu(phen)(H_(2)O)_(2)SO_(4)]_(n).This catalyst not only accelerates electron transfer but also serves as an ion transport channel,significantly boosting reaction kinetics.This battery demonstrates exceptional stability,retaining 97.7%of its initial capacity after 1200 cycles at a high current density of 10 A g^(-1).Furthermore,it maintains an impressive capacity of 1157 m Ah g^(-1)after 1600 cycles at 20 A g^(-1).This work provides pivotal insights into the design and application of molecular catalysts,opening new pathways for advancing Cu-S battery technologies.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-115)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173206)CNPC Innovation Found(2020D-5007-0406)。
文摘With the sustainable and efficient development of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),the research on addressing the issues of the adaptability and durability of zinc anodes has been hot-topic and is still of great challenge.In this work,inspired by the sand treatment and afforestation of the Gobi Beach in Northwest China to ameliorate the problem of wind and sand encroachment,we propose a material with a morphology similar to that of a“shelter forest”,CuSiO_(3)nanoneedles arrays grown on both sides of reduced graphene oxide(rGO@CuSi),as a coating layer on the zinc metal surface to guide Zn gradient deposition.The presence of rGO improves the electrical conductivity of CuSiO_(3),and the finite element simulation of the electric field and Zn^(2+)concentration proves that the electric field distribution can be effectively homogenized and the local current density can be reduced for the rGO@CuSi-Zn electrode with the surface presenting the shape of a protective forest.This is due to the abundant pores between the nano-needle array structures on the surface of the electrode,which provide high electron and ion transport paths,and are conducive to achieving uniform Zn deposition,like the principle of wind-sand stabilization by protective forest.Both electrochemical experiments and density functional theory calculations show that the negatively charged surface of r GO@CuSi with good Zn affinity is more capable of guiding Zn^(2+)transport.Thanks to its inherent material and structural characteristics,the r GO@CuSi-Zn anode has a high specific capacity and good cycling stability.This study provides insight for interface engineering like protective forest to accelerate the commercialization of high-performance Zn-based batteries.
基金financially supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn Universitythe National Research Council of Thailand(No.N11A670659)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125405 and U22A20108)
文摘Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)have emerged as a promising new energy storage technology,characterized by their low cost,high safety,environmental friendliness,and the abundant availability of Zn resources.However,several challenges remain with their use,such as zinc dendrite formation,corrosion,passivation,and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the zinc anodesurface,leading to a short overall battery life.In this paper,a zinc anode-coating method with silica-fly ash composite(FAS)has been developed.This modified Zn anode(5FAS@Zn)demonstrates remarkable improvements in the performance and stability of ZIBs by effectively decreasing zinc nucleation overpotential and minimizing charge transfer resistance while facilitating stable Zn plating and stripping as well as achieving even zinc deposition.The remarkable cycling lifespan of the 5FAS@Znll5FAS@Zn symmetrical cell is 1800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1500 h at1 mA cm^(-2).The 5FAS@ZnllCu half-cell outperforms pure Zn batteries with a high and consistent Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 99.8%over 800 cycles at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the full cell of 5FAS@ZnllV_(2)O_(5)exhibits notable improvements in cycling performance.This research provides a scalable and sustainable method to extend the life of zinc anodes and has significant implications for the large-scale deployment of zinc-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372175)the General Program of Science and Technology of Liaoning(2024-MSBA-20)+1 种基金the Innovation and Technology Fund of Dalian(2023JJ12GX020)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT24ZD406)。
文摘Seawater electrolysis provides a sustainable pathway for large-scale hydrogen production without reliance on freshwater resources.However,its practical implementation is hindered by the short lifespan of anodes,primarily caused by chlorine-induced corrosion in seawater.Herein,we present a self-sustaining anode protection strategy that remarkably enhances the durability of seawater electrolysis for efficient hydrogen production.This OH^(–)-trapping anode is designed by trapping OH^(–)within in-situ generated Lewis acid sites and structural vacancies formed via alkaline corrosion of amorphous NiMoSx.This design creates an anion-rich electrode interface with spontaneous accumulation and continuous replenishment of OH^(–)from the bulk electrolyte,ensuring long-lasting anode protection against corrosion through the electrostatic repulsion of chloride ions during operation.Simultaneously,it directs the anodic reaction along a stable adsorbate evolution mechanism with minimal metal leaching.Consequently,alkaline seawater electrolysis avoiding chlorine-induced corrosion achieves an exceptional lifespan exceeding 3,000 h under industrial current densities.By directly utilizing OH^(–)from the alkaline electrolyte for long-term anode protection,the operational complexity and cost of seawater electrolysis are significantly reduced,making it highly appealing for practical use.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005318,22379152)Western Young Scholars Foundations of Chinese Academy of Sciences+4 种基金Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(Grant No.2023-NQ-86,No.2023-QN-96)Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2023-rc-4,2022-rc-4)Collaborative Innovation Alliance Fund for Young Science and Technology Worker(Grant No.HZJJ23-7)National Nature Science Foundations of Gansu Province(Grant No.21JR11RA020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.31920220073,31920230128)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy storage.However,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and corrosion side reactions.Herein,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite(MMT)layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable AZIBs.The results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc ions.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and water contact angle(CA)tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn^(2+)and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling stability.Moreover,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 0.125 m A h cm^(-2),even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm^(-2)and 1.25 m A h cm^(-2).The MMT@Zn||V_(2)O_(5)full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1)with excellent rate capability.Therefore,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376003 and 41006054)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB643304)
文摘Research on corrosion behaviour of zinc in natural sea water without and with fucoidan was carried out by potentiodynamic polarisation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results revealed that fucoidan serves as a good inhibitor for zinc in sea water. Polarisation curves suggested that corrosion potential values shifted to the positive ones after adding inhibitor and fucoidan retards anodic reaction more. Thus, fucoidan can be acted as anodic inhibitor. EIS results showed two phenomena including a charge transfer and an adsorption film. The corrosion inhibition of fucoidan was further confirmed by the scanning electron microscope （SEM） and atomic force microscope （AFM） analysis. Langmuir＇s adsorption isotherm was found the appropriate adsorption model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500 and 2016YFA0200102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776019,21805162,51772069,and U1801257)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630165)Beijing Key Research and Development Plan(Z181100004518001)
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have been recognized as promising substitutes for current energy-storage technologies owing to their exceptional advantages in very high-energy density and excellent material sustainability.The cathode with high sulfur areal loading is vital for the practical applications of Li–S batteries with very high energy density.However,the high sulfur loading in an electrode results in poor rate and cycling performances of batteries in most cases.Herein,we used diameters of 5.0(D5)and 13.0(D13)mm to probe the effect of electrodes with different sizes on the rate and cycling performances under a high sulfur loading(4.5 mg cm^-2).The cell with D5 sulfur cathode exhibits better rate and cycling performances comparing with a large(D13)cathode.Both the high concentration of lithium polysulfides and corrosion of lithium metal anode impede rapid kinetics of sulfur redox reactions,which results in inferior battery performance of the Li–S cell with large diameter cathode.This work highlights the importance of rational matching of the large sulfur cathode with a high areal sulfur loading,carbon modified separators,organic electrolyte,and Li metal anode in a pouch cell,wherein the sulfur redox kinetics and lithium metal protection should be carefully considered under the flooded lithium polysulfide conditions in a working Li–S battery.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172197)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1865207)+5 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Platform(No.2018RS3070)Hundred Youth Talents Programs of Hunan ProvincePhD Start-up Foundation of Hengyang Normal University(No.19QD10)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.20A062)the support from Hunan joint international laboratory of advanced materials and technology for clean energy(No.2020CB1007)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2016TP1020)。
文摘A lithium-sulfur(Li-S)system is an important candidate for future lithium-ion system due to its low cost and high specific theoretical capacity(1675 m Ah/g,2600 Wh/kg),which is greatly hindered by the poor conductivity of sulfur,large volume change and dissolution of lithium polysulfides.Two-dimensional(2D)materials with monolayers or few-layers usually have peculiar structures and physical/chemical properties,which can resolve the critical issues in Li-S batteries.Especially,the metal-based 2D nanomaterials,including ferrum,cobalt or other metal-based composites with various anions,can provide high conductivity,large surface area and abundant reaction sites for restraining the diffusion for lithium polysulfides.In this mini-review,we will present an overview of recent developments on metal-based 2D nanomaterials with various anions as the electrode materials for Li-S batteries.Since the main bottleneck for the Li-S system is the shuttle of polysulfides,emphasis is placed on the structure and components,physical/chemical interaction and interaction mechanisms of the 2D materials.Finally,the challenges and prospects of metal-based 2D nanomaterials for Li-S batteries are discussed and proposed.
基金The authors acknowledge funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51861165101).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost.However,critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li-S batteries.Carbon nitrides(C_(x)N_(y)),represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),provide new opportunities for overcoming these challenges.With a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content,g-C_(3)N_(4) can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S species.In addition,its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li-S batteries.Here,the recent progress of applying C_(x)N_(y)-based materials including the optimized g-C_(3)N_(4),g-C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,and other novel C_(x)N_(y) materials is systematically reviewed in Li-S batteries,with a focus on the structure-activity relationship.The limitations of existing C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are identified,and the perspectives on the rational design of advanced C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are provided for high-performance Li-S batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872090,51772097,22304055)the Hebei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(E2019209433)+4 种基金the Youth Talent Program of Hebei Provincial Education Department(BJ2018020)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2020209151,E2022209158,B2022209026,D2023209012)the Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(236Z4409G)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(SLRC2019028)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Tangshan City(22130227H)。
文摘With the increasing demand for scalable and cost-effective electrochemical energy storage,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have a broad application prospect as an inexpensive,efficient,and naturally secure energy storage device.However,the limitations suffered by AZIBs,including volume expansion and active materials dissolution of the cathode,electrochemical corrosion,irreversible side reactions,zinc dendrites of the anode,have seriously decelerated the civilianization process of AZIBs.Currently,polymers have tremendous superiority for application in AZIBs attributed to their exceptional chemical stability,tunable structure,high energy density and outstanding mechanical properties.Considering the expanding applications of AZIBs and the superiority of polymers,this comprehensive paper meticulously reviews the benefits of utilizing polymeric applied to cathodes and anodes,respectively.To begin with,with adjustable structure as an entry point,the correlation between polymer structure and the function of energy storage as well as optimization is deeply investigated in respect to the mechanism.Then,depending on the diversity of properties and structures,the development of polymers in AZIBs is summarized,including conductive polymers,redox polymers as well as carbon composite polymers for cathode and polyvinylidene fluoride-,carbonyl-,amino-,nitrile-based polymers for anode,and a comprehensive evaluation of the shortcomings of these strategies is provided.Finally,an outlook highlights some of the challenges posed by the application of polymers and offers insights into the potential future direction of polymers in AZIBs.It is designed to provide a thorough reference for researchers and developers working on polymer for AZIBs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170237)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808094 and 51871113)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Xuzhou (KC17004)Startup Funding for Introduced Talents of Jiangsu Normal University (16XLR015)。
文摘Severe performance drop and fire risk due to the uneven lithium(Li) dendrite formation and growth during charge/discharge process has been considered as the major obstacle to the practical application of Li metal batteries.So inhibiting dendrite growth and producing a stable and robust solid electrolyte interface(SEI) layer are essential to enable the use of Li metal anodes.In this work,a functional lithiophilic polymer composed of chitosan(CTS),polyethylene oxide(PEO),and poly(triethylene glycol dimethacrylate)(PTEGDMA),was homogeneously deposited on a commercial Celgard separator by combining electrospraying and polymer photopolymerization techniques.The lithiophilic environment offered by the CTS-PEO-PTEGDMA layer enables uniform Li deposition and facilitates the formation of a robust homogeneous SEI layer,thus prevent the formation and growth of Li dendrites.As a result,both Li/Li symmetric cells and LiFePO4/Li full cells deliver significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and cycle life.Even after 1000 cycles,the specific capacity of the modified full cell could be maintained at65.8 mAh g^(-1), twice which of the unmodified cell(32.8 mAh g^(-1)).The long-term cycling stability in Li/Li symmetric cells,dendrite-free anodes in SEM images and XPS analysis suggest that the pulverization of the Li anode was effectively suppressed by the lithiophilic polymer layer.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021CDJXDJH003)the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Devel-opment Project(No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0028).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have attracted tremendous attention in energy storage ap-plications in term of high abundance,high specific capacity and remarkable safety of metallic magne-sium(Mg)anode.However,a serious passivation of Mg anode in the conventional electrolytes leads to extremely poor plating/stripping performance,further hindering its applications.Herein,we propose a convenient method to construct an artificial interphase layer on Mg anode by substitution and alloy-ing reactions between SbCl_(3) and Mg.This Sb-based artificial interphase layer containing mainly MgCl_(2) and Mg_(3) Sb_(2) endows the significantly improved interfacial kinetics and electrochemical performance of Mg anode.The overpotential of Mg plating/stripping in conventional Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolytes is vastly reduced from over 2 V to 0.25-0.3 V.Combining experiments and calculations,we demonstrate that un-der the uniform distribution of MgCl_(2) and Mg_(3) Sb_(2),an electric field with a favorable potential gradient is formed on the anode surface,which enables swift Mg^(2+)migration.Meanwhile,this layer can inhibit the decomposition of electrolytes to protect anode.This work provides an in-depth exploration of the artificial solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)construction,and a more achievable and safe path to realize the application of metallic Mg anode in RMBs.
基金financially supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22379039)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2021202052)Overseas High-level Talents Introduction Plan Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2019050012)。
文摘As a new type of green battery system,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have gradually become a research hotspot due to their low cost,high safety,excellent stability,high theoretical capacity(820 mAh·g^(-1))of zinc anode,and low redox potential(-0.76 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode(SHE)).AZIBs have been expected to be an alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale commercial energy storage applications.Unfortunately,they are facing thorny issues such as degradation of cycling performance,zinc dendrites,and side reactions.At the same time,these problems cause short cycling life of batteries,thus severely limiting their commercial application.In recent years,many more researches have been conducted on the modification of anode and cathode materials of AZIBs,but there is a lack of in-depth discussion on the characteristics and mechanism of electrolyte additives.In this review,we will make a systematic summary of the current problems with two electrodes in AZIBs,as well as the types and functions of electrolyte additives.Moreover,we further systematically describe the modulation mechanism of electrolyte additives in the performance of the cathode and anode.The prospects and development directions of additive modulation strategies for AZIBs electrolytes are prospected.
基金support from the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907144)Dalian Youth Science and Technology Star Project Support Program(No.2017RQ104).
文摘In 2011,a new class of 2D materials was discovered;after 2012,they began to be concerned;in 2017,the“gold rush”of the materials was triggered,and they are exactly MXenes.2D MXenes,a new class of transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,have become the star and cutting-edge research materials in the field of emerging batteries systems due to their unique 2D structure,abundant surface chemistry,and excellent physical and electrochemical properties.This review focuses on the MXene materials and summarizes the recent advancements in the synthesis techniques and properties,in addition to a detailed discussion on the electrochemical energy storage applications,including alkali-ion(Li^(+),Na^(+),K^(+))storage,lithium-sulfur(Li–S)batteries,sodiumsulfur(Na–S)batteries,and metal anode protection.Special attentions are given to the elaborate design of nano-micro structures of MXenes for the various roles as electrodes,multifunctional components,S hosts,modified separators,and metal anode protective layers.The paper ends with a prospective summary of the promising research directions in terms of synthesis,structure,properties,analysis,and production on MXene materials.
基金financially supported by an Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP180101453)
文摘Rechargeable sodium–oxygen(Na-O_(2))and sodium–carbon dioxide(Na-CO_(2))batteries have attracted intensive research attention in recent years owing to their advantages of high theoretical energy density,modest cost,abundance of sodium resources,and promising potential for achieving real sodium–air batteries in large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,current research on Na-O_(2)and Na-CO_(2)batteries is facing enormous challenges,such as low energy efficiency and limited cycle life,which are restricting their progress at the initial stage.Therefore,understanding their working principles,and the chemical and electrochemical reactions of the electrodes is indispensable to achieve their practical application and even the goal of true sodium–air batteries.This review aims to provide an overview of the research developments and future perspectives on Na-O_(2)and Na-CO_(2)batteries,which include the major aspects,such as working mechanisms,air cathode materials design strategies,sodium anode protection,and electrolyte stability.Moreover,the remaining issues and future research directions are also thoroughly discussed and presented.
文摘Rechargeable lithium-oxygen （Li-O2） batteries have received intensive research interest due to its ultrahigh energy density, while its cycle stability is still hindered by the high reactivity of the Li anode with oxygen and moisture. To alleviate the corrosion of the metallic lithium anodes for achieving a stable Li-O2 battery, and as a proof-of-concept experiment, a distinctive hybrid electrolyte system with an organic/ceramic/organic electrolyte （OCOE） architecture is designed. Importantl~ the cycle number of Li-O2 batteries with OCOE is significantly improved compared with batteries with an organic electrolyte （OE）. This might be attributed to the effective suppression of the lithium anode corrosion caused by the OE degradation and the crossover of oxygen from the cathode. We consider that our facile, low-cost, and highly effective lithium protection strategy presents a new avenue to address the daunting corrosion problem of lithium metal anodes in Li-O2 batteries. In addition, the proposed strategy can be easily extended to other metal-O2 battery systems, such as Na-O2 batteries.
