1 Move over Simone Biles,because grey whales might just be the next Olympic champions.This conclusion can be drawn from a new study that filmed these amazing animals doing underwater headstands(头倒立)and other moves....1 Move over Simone Biles,because grey whales might just be the next Olympic champions.This conclusion can be drawn from a new study that filmed these amazing animals doing underwater headstands(头倒立)and other moves.2 As part of a seven-year project,scientists used drones(无人驾驶飞机)to observe a group of 200 grey whales off the coasts of Oregon,Washington,northern California and southern Canada.The new study findings,published in Animal Behaviour,revealed that grey whales do headstands by pressing their mouths against the ocean floor while searching for something to eat.Scientists also noticed that when doing headstands,grey whales move like human synchronized swimmers.展开更多
A 1.5-hour recording of six (Gulf of Mexico) captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Sea Life Park, Hawaii shows that: 1) they have a song of a sequence of tonal (often slurred) notes. The evidence ...A 1.5-hour recording of six (Gulf of Mexico) captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Sea Life Park, Hawaii shows that: 1) they have a song of a sequence of tonal (often slurred) notes. The evidence for their song comes from: a) their emitting songs that were complex (both tonally and rhythmically), b) their likely improvising (as inferred from their most complex songs not being repeated), c) songs based on a theme (used repeatedly), d) a bout of singing (at times) including social creativity, e) songs with a distinct beginning, middle and end section, and f) one song consisting of in part, a theme, 2) their songs are not sung in key (as determined from analysing the beginning tonal value of a note with spectral-frequency analysis), and 3) are sung in bouts, and 4) mostly with tonal-striated vocalizations (in the literature termed squawks and bray calls). Their apparent creativity (likely improvisations) and social creativity are of importance to how they evolved cognitively, to the study of song culture (between populations and delphinid species), understanding their (intra and inter-species) associations, and kinds of relationships, determining individual personalities, and perhaps will provide supporting evidence for their ability to reason. As inferred, they sing without being intentionally manipulative from: 1) their use of Gquic psychology [1] (as explained in this article), and 2) as inferred from their likely having an ability to reason [1] [2] (as deduced from their behavioural ecology (their unique exceptional evolutionary freedom), including their comparatively peaceful composure between conspecifics, in line with the proof of The Peaceful Composure Theorem), suggesting (per The Peaceful Composure Theorem) they have an egalitarian-like society. Their interspecies (displaced) aggression towards smaller odontocete species is shown to be a function of jealousies that emerge from their stronger social bonds than other species, from their compassionate nature, and females and males not pairing up in long-term associations. Species with greater cultural freedom are shown to have a more complex song providing further evidence for species culture not crucial to survival. The conclusive evidence for specie culture from my recent publications is of relevance to the scientific community’s acceptance of two new theories of evolution, and Gquic psychology. The loud burst-pulse sounds, chasing, charging and raking behaviours described in the literature could be a play behaviour, ought not be labelled as aggressive behaviours, as inferred from dog mock-fight play behaviour. In regard to future comparative behavioural ecology studies, aggressive animal behaviour should only be defined as an act of displacement (that is shown to commonly occur in the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin species (Tursiops aduncus)), or as acts of biting, and hitting.展开更多
Personality widely exists in diverse animal taxa.Such inter-individual variance in behaviour is supposed to be influenced by social context.However,it remains unknown whether the experience of social life has any carr...Personality widely exists in diverse animal taxa.Such inter-individual variance in behaviour is supposed to be influenced by social context.However,it remains unknown whether the experience of social life has any carryover effects on the subsequent expression of personality.Here,we examined exploratory behaviour in caged Java Sparrows(Lonchura oryzivora)using exploration assays.Birds were assigned to live in either a solitary or a social context for four weeks.We compared the expressions of exploration before and after the treatments,and found that birds showed higher exploration tendencies after than before social life,while the isolated birds were consistent in their exploratory behaviours.Different living experience led to differences in the exploration activities for birds without significant differences in exploration before.Our results indicate that social experience can make birds more proactive.展开更多
The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feede...The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding process.The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surroundings.The analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.The results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the feed.Similar average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other behaviours.Since the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding preference.The real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.展开更多
文摘1 Move over Simone Biles,because grey whales might just be the next Olympic champions.This conclusion can be drawn from a new study that filmed these amazing animals doing underwater headstands(头倒立)and other moves.2 As part of a seven-year project,scientists used drones(无人驾驶飞机)to observe a group of 200 grey whales off the coasts of Oregon,Washington,northern California and southern Canada.The new study findings,published in Animal Behaviour,revealed that grey whales do headstands by pressing their mouths against the ocean floor while searching for something to eat.Scientists also noticed that when doing headstands,grey whales move like human synchronized swimmers.
文摘A 1.5-hour recording of six (Gulf of Mexico) captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Sea Life Park, Hawaii shows that: 1) they have a song of a sequence of tonal (often slurred) notes. The evidence for their song comes from: a) their emitting songs that were complex (both tonally and rhythmically), b) their likely improvising (as inferred from their most complex songs not being repeated), c) songs based on a theme (used repeatedly), d) a bout of singing (at times) including social creativity, e) songs with a distinct beginning, middle and end section, and f) one song consisting of in part, a theme, 2) their songs are not sung in key (as determined from analysing the beginning tonal value of a note with spectral-frequency analysis), and 3) are sung in bouts, and 4) mostly with tonal-striated vocalizations (in the literature termed squawks and bray calls). Their apparent creativity (likely improvisations) and social creativity are of importance to how they evolved cognitively, to the study of song culture (between populations and delphinid species), understanding their (intra and inter-species) associations, and kinds of relationships, determining individual personalities, and perhaps will provide supporting evidence for their ability to reason. As inferred, they sing without being intentionally manipulative from: 1) their use of Gquic psychology [1] (as explained in this article), and 2) as inferred from their likely having an ability to reason [1] [2] (as deduced from their behavioural ecology (their unique exceptional evolutionary freedom), including their comparatively peaceful composure between conspecifics, in line with the proof of The Peaceful Composure Theorem), suggesting (per The Peaceful Composure Theorem) they have an egalitarian-like society. Their interspecies (displaced) aggression towards smaller odontocete species is shown to be a function of jealousies that emerge from their stronger social bonds than other species, from their compassionate nature, and females and males not pairing up in long-term associations. Species with greater cultural freedom are shown to have a more complex song providing further evidence for species culture not crucial to survival. The conclusive evidence for specie culture from my recent publications is of relevance to the scientific community’s acceptance of two new theories of evolution, and Gquic psychology. The loud burst-pulse sounds, chasing, charging and raking behaviours described in the literature could be a play behaviour, ought not be labelled as aggressive behaviours, as inferred from dog mock-fight play behaviour. In regard to future comparative behavioural ecology studies, aggressive animal behaviour should only be defined as an act of displacement (that is shown to commonly occur in the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin species (Tursiops aduncus)), or as acts of biting, and hitting.
基金supported by Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2019-ZD-0196)Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJC202009)。
文摘Personality widely exists in diverse animal taxa.Such inter-individual variance in behaviour is supposed to be influenced by social context.However,it remains unknown whether the experience of social life has any carryover effects on the subsequent expression of personality.Here,we examined exploratory behaviour in caged Java Sparrows(Lonchura oryzivora)using exploration assays.Birds were assigned to live in either a solitary or a social context for four weeks.We compared the expressions of exploration before and after the treatments,and found that birds showed higher exploration tendencies after than before social life,while the isolated birds were consistent in their exploratory behaviours.Different living experience led to differences in the exploration activities for birds without significant differences in exploration before.Our results indicate that social experience can make birds more proactive.
文摘The behaviour of broiler chickens has been extensively studied as a function of stocking density and environmental conditions,but limited information was reported in the scientific literature about the effect of feeder type on birds’feeding process.The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of three different feeder types in relation to the birds’behaviour in its surroundings.The analysed feeders were:tube-type with partition grid(F1);tube-type without partition grid(F2);and automatic type with partition grid(F3).The considered variables were:occupied area(OA);activity index(AI)(flock movement);total birds presented in the area(TB);and birds effectively eating(EE).OA and AI were calculated by computational image analysis while TB and EE were manually measured.The results indicated that the feeder type could have influenced the birds’behaviour regarding to OA(R2=0.56),TB(R2=0.48),and EE(R2=0.40),but AI(R2=0.01)was not found to be directly influenced by the feeder type.A higher percentage of birds effectively eating were found in F2(86.4%),which was the one with the largest free area to access the feed.Similar average number of total birds was found in F1,but with a lower percentage of individuals effectively eating(63.3%),which means that birds were nearby this feeder performing other behaviours.Since the assessed feeders were in the same house under the same conditions,it can be suggested that not only the free area to access the feed but potentially the design of feeders could have influenced the birds’feeding preference.The real beneficial effect of the adoption of partition grid on feed trays is still uncertain,and it is also unclear whether the financial value of reduced wastage would compensate the possible reduction in feed intake.
