Objective: To report cases of neurocysticercosis(NCC) from three neighboring districts of Andhra Pradesh state in India where NCC burden was never explored before.Methods: A total of 160 patients presenting with recen...Objective: To report cases of neurocysticercosis(NCC) from three neighboring districts of Andhra Pradesh state in India where NCC burden was never explored before.Methods: A total of 160 patients presenting with recent onset seizures were recruited from neurology, general medicine, and pediatric outpatient clinics of a local major tertiary care teaching hospital serving above districts during the period 2011–2014. Brain imaging was performed in all the above cases. A commercial immunoglobulin G-ELISA kit(sensitivity = 85%; specificity = 94%) was employed for the serological diagnosis of NCC.Results: The recruited patients presented with generalized, simple partial, and complex partial seizures(55%, 31.25% and 13.75% respectively). NCC was diagnosed in 44 of160(27.5%) seizure cases based on imaging characteristics, and a positive serum antibody ELISA. No association was detected between seropositivity with the number and location of the lesion(s) in the brain.Conclusions: The possible potentiality of NCC could be identified as an underlying cause of the recent onset of seizures in this region as explored in the present study. It is recommended that NCC should be suspected as one of the major differential in every recent onset seizure with or without a radio imaging supportive diagnosis, especially in areas endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis.展开更多
The Cuddapah Basin in southern India has a potential for uranium mineralization due to some favorable factors such as its temporal, stratigraphic and tectonic settings. Systematic exploration program conducted by the ...The Cuddapah Basin in southern India has a potential for uranium mineralization due to some favorable factors such as its temporal, stratigraphic and tectonic settings. Systematic exploration program conducted by the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) within the Cuddapah Basin resulting in the recognition of distinct types of uranium mineralization, viz., strata bound type, fracture/shear-controlled type and tabular type. The Gulcheru Formation which is the lowermost unit of the Cuddapah Basin is dominantly arenitic in nature. During the exploration works, a number of uranium anomalies were identified with dimensions ranging from 1 m to 1.5 km. Gulcheru quartzite hosted uranium mineralization is intermittent and inconsistent in nature. The anomalous outcrops are distributed over a strike length of ca. 60 km between Gandi in the SE and Ambakapallein the NW. Presently, two different types of uranium mineralization are characterized on the basis of field observations, mapping and structural interpretation, petro-mineralogy and geochemistry. Although the host rock is same for both types, the mechanism of uranium enrichment is totally different. The Ambakapalle uranium mineralization is controlled by fault zone and associated hydrothermal activity. Whereas, the Tummalapalle uranium mineralization is litho-controlled in nature influenced by suitable four ‘P’ factors, i.e., provenance, porositypermeability, precipitation and preservation. The geochemical characterization of Gulcheru quartzite suggest a passive margin type of provenance setting. Petro-mineralogically the quartz arenite suggests enough textural as well as mineralogical maturity. Ambakapalle quartzite is slightly strained and deformed due to faulting. Analysis of selected samples recorded 0.01% to 0.048% U3O8 and <0.01% ThO2. Petrographic observation revealed that the anomalies were appeared due to secondary uranium minerals occurring as surficial encrustations, fracture filling and lesser irregular patches. Structural analysis suggests the mineralization along E-W trace slip fault is possibly consistent in sub-surface. Tummalapalle quartzite is relatively less deformed arenitic in nature with significant enrichment in MREE. The genetic models for the two types of mineralization is totally different.展开更多
AIM： To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment（UVI） in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.·METHODS： A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-st...AIM： To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment（UVI） in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.·METHODS： A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology was carried out in West Godavari, Adilabad and Mahbubnagar districts in south India. A comprehensive eye examination that included presenting and best corrected visual acuity and dilated fundus examination was conducted by trained professionals. UVI is defined as presenting visual acuity 6/18 in one eye but ≥6/18 in other eye. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test association of UVI with socio-demographic risk factors.· RESULTS： Data were analyzed for 6634/7771 participants after excluding those with bilateral visual impairment. The mean age of the participants was 27.4y（Standard deviation： 17.9y）, 51.9% were women and49.1% were educated. The prevalence of UVI was 7.8%（95% CI： 7.2%- 8.5%）. Uncorrected refractive error（60.8%）, cataract（17.4%） and retinal causes（6.6%） were the leading causes of UVI. On multiple logistic regression analyses, older age, not having education, living in welloff district had significantly higher odds of being associated with UVI. UVI was not associated with gender.·CONCLUSION： UVI is common in rural south India.Most of it is due to cataract and refractive errors, both of which can be addressed at primary and secondary levelsof eye care. Burden of UVI should also be considered in planning eye care services.展开更多
AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study...AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts（Adilabad,Mahbubnagar and West Godavari）in the state of Andhra Pradesh,India.A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age,gender,education and area of residence,severity and causes of VI.RESULTS：Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire,53.2% were women,and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489（11%; 95% CI：10.1-11.9）people with unilateral VI,399（81.6%）participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136（34.1%）participants had soughteye care consultation. Those who had any education（OR：1.9; 95% CI：1.1-3.2）,had blindness（OR：2.7; 95% CI：1.4-5.2）,and cataract（OR：2.1; 95% CI：1.0-4.3）as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were ＂do not have money for eye checkup＂ in 30.7% of the participants followed by ＂do not have a serious problem＂（30.0%）.CONCLUSION：A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.展开更多
Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite （BADR） is the sig...Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite （BADR） is the signature volcanic rock suite of the convergent margin. The N-S belt has gone below the unconformity plane of Cuddapah sediments. In the northern part geochemical and structural attributes of the Kadiri greenstone belt is studied along with microscopic observations of selected samples. Harker diagram plots of major elements generally indicate a liquid line of descent from a common source, such that BADR rocks are derived from a common parent magma of basaltic to andesitic composition. These calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are formed at convergent margins where more silicic rocks represent more highly fractionated melt. All the litho-units of this greenstone belt indicate crush and strain effects. The stretched pebbles in the deformed volcanic matrix with tectonite development along with associated greenschist facies metamorphism, alteration and hydration is remarkable. Flow foliation plane with N-S strike and very low angle （5~ to 10~） easterly dip and N-S axial planar schistosity formed due to later phase isoclinal folding can be clearly identified in the field. Basic intrusives are quite common in the surrounding area. All the observations including the field setting and geochemistry clearly demonstrate ocean-continent subduction as the tectonic environment of the study area.展开更多
The medium- to coarse-grained and porphyritic granitoid of Dharmawaram, Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, south India is a biotite-hornblende granite with notable contents of rare metal (Zr, Hf, Th) and rare earth ...The medium- to coarse-grained and porphyritic granitoid of Dharmawaram, Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, south India is a biotite-hornblende granite with notable contents of rare metal (Zr, Hf, Th) and rare earth (including Y) minerals like zircon, thorite, allanite, monazite and xenotime. Chemically, it is metaluminous (average A/ C+N+K = 0.95)-type, potassic (av. 5% K2O) granite, with dominantly sub-alkaline characters. It shows up to 8 times enrichment of rare metals (Zr, Hf, U, Th) and rare earths (including Y, Sc), with reference to their abundances in normal unevolved granite, and hence, fertile for some of these elements. Field, petrological, geochemical and isotopic data of potassic granite (PG) indicate involvement of silica-rich metasedimentary-basic crustal rocks (amphibole-quartzite, amphibolite, hornblende-biotite gneiss, etc.) in its genesis, at a depth range of 30 km. Further, chondrite-normalized REE patterns demonstrate that low-degree partial melting of source rocks is the major controlling factor in the genesis of PG Mild negative Eu-anomaly (av. Eu/Eu* = 0.48), plots of Ba-Rb-Sr in the field of anomalous granite and K/Rb ratios (av. 239) in the range that is shown by normal unevolved granite together indicate less fractionated nature of the PG Limited fractionation of metalumination-type, involving hornblende, led to occasional weak alumina saturation. Interestingly, geochemical and petrogenetic features of the studied PG broadly match with those potassic granites which are already known to host anomalously high enrichment of rare metals and rare earths in other parts of Andhra Pradesh and adjoining Karnataka.展开更多
The Manganese deposits of Andhra Pradesh are associated with a thick sequence of Precambrian rocks, belonging to Khondalite and Charnockite groups of Dharwar Supergroup that forms part of 2500 to 3000 m.y. old Eastern...The Manganese deposits of Andhra Pradesh are associated with a thick sequence of Precambrian rocks, belonging to Khondalite and Charnockite groups of Dharwar Supergroup that forms part of 2500 to 3000 m.y. old Eastern Ghat complex of India. The study area is the Manganese deposits of Vizianagram-Visakhapatnam Manganese Belt of Andhra Pradesh. The study area lies about 150 km NE of Visakhapatnam between 18°12′N - 18°30′N and 83°20′E - 83°45′E. The mineralization of Manganese ores is confined to different rock types, belonging to both Khondalite and Charnockite groups, where they are dispersed throughout the country rocks as small lenses, pockets, veins and irregular bodies of varying dimensions. Quartz, garnet, clay, limonite and apatite are the common gangue minerals in the Manganese ores. The presence of quartz, garnet and apatite brings down the grade of the ore. Ferruginous laterite and ochre generally work as capping of the Manganese deposits. The various Manganese ore minerals present in these deposits are indentified as 1) Primary minerals-braunite, bixbyite, vredenburgite, jacobsite and hausmannite, 2) secondary minerals-psilomelane, cryptomelane, hollandite, pyrolusite and wad. The primary ore minerals are considered to be syngenetic and regionally metamorphosed while, the associated secondary ore minerals are formed due to alteration of the primary ores.展开更多
It is well known that the rampant increase for the demand of electricity and rapid depletion of the fossil fuels has called for immediate response in the direction of energy sufficiency. To accomplish this, one of the...It is well known that the rampant increase for the demand of electricity and rapid depletion of the fossil fuels has called for immediate response in the direction of energy sufficiency. To accomplish this, one of the important tasks is to identify the locations of high potential for renewable energy generation. It is a well-established fact that solar energy proved to be the most sought after source for energy generation. Although, solar energy potential maps of India have been prepared based on solar irradiation maps in the earlier studies, the present research study has been carried out with a focused attention directly on solar energy generation considering various parameters. In this work it is shown that solar energy generation does not depend on solar radiation alone at a location. Instead, there are various other factors that influence the energy generation. Some of them are ambient temperature, wind velocity and other parameters like weather and topographic conditions. In this study the locations with high and low solar energy generation potential in India have been identified through systematic analysis by computing the solar energy parameters at every grid point (1°× 1°). The work has been extended with more detailed study for Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and the newly formed Telangana states. The data points considered for the states are 0.25°× 0.25°having resulted in adding more number of locations. Our results indicate that the total annual energy generation in India varies from 510,000 KWH to 800,000 KWH per acre of land. The least energy generation location pertains to the eastern parts of Arunachal Pradesh and eastern part of Assam and the highest annual solar energy generation has been identified in the eastern parts of Jammu & Kashmir and eastern part of Uttarakhand.展开更多
The global decline in farmland bird populations in India is often ignored. The overuse of agrochemicals in farming is the root cause of all these catastrophic results. There is ample evidence in the literature that tr...The global decline in farmland bird populations in India is often ignored. The overuse of agrochemicals in farming is the root cause of all these catastrophic results. There is ample evidence in the literature that transitioning to agroecological practices may reverse this trend. We anticipated that the bird population visiting natural farming-Andhra Pradesh Community managed Natural Farming (APCNF), a novel farming approach popular in India, will increase. The study used nested design to compare the number of bird visitations in natural farming versus chemical farming to determine whether natural farming can enhance the bird numbers and diversity. Furthermore, we analyzed the bird species visits to natural and chemical farms in different agroecological zones in Andhra Pradesh, the southernmost state of India. We used the point count survey approach to count the birds on comparable farms. MANOVA and non-parametric analysis are used to examine the findings. The bird species were ranked using a Likert scale. The results show that the average bird population visiting natural vs. chemical farms varies significantly at the 0.05 level of significance, and the bird species visiting both natural farming fields and chemical farms varies between geographies and time interval.展开更多
The paper reported the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among Brahmin,an endogamous population from Visakhapatnam district,Andhra Pradesh,India.Blood samples of 100 unrelated B...The paper reported the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among Brahmin,an endogamous population from Visakhapatnam district,Andhra Pradesh,India.Blood samples of 100 unrelated Brahmin individuals were screened for ABO and Rh(D) blood groups.The order of occurrence of ABO phenotypes was O>A>B.The corresponding allele frequencies were 0.530,0.315,and 0.155,respectively.The allele frequency of D (0.990) was more than d (0.010).The results were compared with the other caste population to understand the population variations.展开更多
During the collection of manglicolous lichens for the project work on pharmacological evaluation,three lichen species collected from a remote“Lanka”in less known Vainateya Godavari river basin in the year 2015.There...During the collection of manglicolous lichens for the project work on pharmacological evaluation,three lichen species collected from a remote“Lanka”in less known Vainateya Godavari river basin in the year 2015.There is no record of any of these lichen species on the mangroves of Andhra Pradesh like Dirinaria consimilis(Stirton)D.D.Awasthi,Parmotrema tinctorum(Despr.ex Nyl.)Hale and Roccella montagnei Bel.em.D.D.Awasthi on the host is Excoecaria agallocha.Interestingly the authors find no such lichen flora even in the Coringa wild life sanctuary the second largest stretch of mangrove forests of India due to its close proximity to the port city of Kakinada.展开更多
Objective:To detect types of liver disorders through biochemical studies in coastal Andhra Pradesh,India.Methods:Serum level of bilirubin(total and direct),serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT),serum glutama...Objective:To detect types of liver disorders through biochemical studies in coastal Andhra Pradesh,India.Methods:Serum level of bilirubin(total and direct),serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were measured among the adult men and women from a South Indian district.Standard methodologies were adopted during selection of study participants and collection and analysis of blood samples.Results:It is observed that there is no difference in the levels of bilirubin(total and direct)and ALP in male and female patients.It is observed that there are significant differences in the levels of SGOT and SGPT.Males recorded higher levels than females.Conclusion:A considerable number of patients showed increased levels of total and direct bilirubin,SGOT,SGPY and ALP.The higher levels of SGOT and SGPT among males might be due to their alcoholic habits and among men in this community.The overall liver function abnormalities may be due to dietary habits,mal-absorption,nonalcoholic fatty liver,diabetes mellitus and contaminated drinking water.展开更多
During the present investigation,studies were carried out to investigate the outbreak of Redmouth disease in culture ponds situated at Krishna,West Godavari and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh.Enteric Red Mo...During the present investigation,studies were carried out to investigate the outbreak of Redmouth disease in culture ponds situated at Krishna,West Godavari and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh.Enteric Red Mouth disease or Yersiniosis is a serious infectious bacterial disease,sometimes responsible for causing severe economic loss to fish farming industry.The disease is clinically characterized by symptoms like bleeding at the base of fins,inside and around mouth,bilateral exophthalmia with or without haemorrhage,and per-ocular and peri-oral haemorrhages.In the present study,live or moribund fish showing lesions similar to enteric redmouth disease were collected and the causative agent was isolated by culture techniques.Bacterial identification was carried out by conventional biochemical methods and molecular polymerase chain reaction.DNA extracted from isolated pathogen was subjected to PCR amplification with a pair of Y.ruckeri specific primers.The PCR product was run on 1.5%agarose gel electrophoresis and positive bands with a molecular size of approximately 500bp were detected.It is similar to that given for PCR products with primers specific for Y.ruckeri.展开更多
基金Partially supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research Ad-hoc Research Grant(IRIS ID:2010-10530)
文摘Objective: To report cases of neurocysticercosis(NCC) from three neighboring districts of Andhra Pradesh state in India where NCC burden was never explored before.Methods: A total of 160 patients presenting with recent onset seizures were recruited from neurology, general medicine, and pediatric outpatient clinics of a local major tertiary care teaching hospital serving above districts during the period 2011–2014. Brain imaging was performed in all the above cases. A commercial immunoglobulin G-ELISA kit(sensitivity = 85%; specificity = 94%) was employed for the serological diagnosis of NCC.Results: The recruited patients presented with generalized, simple partial, and complex partial seizures(55%, 31.25% and 13.75% respectively). NCC was diagnosed in 44 of160(27.5%) seizure cases based on imaging characteristics, and a positive serum antibody ELISA. No association was detected between seropositivity with the number and location of the lesion(s) in the brain.Conclusions: The possible potentiality of NCC could be identified as an underlying cause of the recent onset of seizures in this region as explored in the present study. It is recommended that NCC should be suspected as one of the major differential in every recent onset seizure with or without a radio imaging supportive diagnosis, especially in areas endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis.
文摘The Cuddapah Basin in southern India has a potential for uranium mineralization due to some favorable factors such as its temporal, stratigraphic and tectonic settings. Systematic exploration program conducted by the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) within the Cuddapah Basin resulting in the recognition of distinct types of uranium mineralization, viz., strata bound type, fracture/shear-controlled type and tabular type. The Gulcheru Formation which is the lowermost unit of the Cuddapah Basin is dominantly arenitic in nature. During the exploration works, a number of uranium anomalies were identified with dimensions ranging from 1 m to 1.5 km. Gulcheru quartzite hosted uranium mineralization is intermittent and inconsistent in nature. The anomalous outcrops are distributed over a strike length of ca. 60 km between Gandi in the SE and Ambakapallein the NW. Presently, two different types of uranium mineralization are characterized on the basis of field observations, mapping and structural interpretation, petro-mineralogy and geochemistry. Although the host rock is same for both types, the mechanism of uranium enrichment is totally different. The Ambakapalle uranium mineralization is controlled by fault zone and associated hydrothermal activity. Whereas, the Tummalapalle uranium mineralization is litho-controlled in nature influenced by suitable four ‘P’ factors, i.e., provenance, porositypermeability, precipitation and preservation. The geochemical characterization of Gulcheru quartzite suggest a passive margin type of provenance setting. Petro-mineralogically the quartz arenite suggests enough textural as well as mineralogical maturity. Ambakapalle quartzite is slightly strained and deformed due to faulting. Analysis of selected samples recorded 0.01% to 0.048% U3O8 and <0.01% ThO2. Petrographic observation revealed that the anomalies were appeared due to secondary uranium minerals occurring as surficial encrustations, fracture filling and lesser irregular patches. Structural analysis suggests the mineralization along E-W trace slip fault is possibly consistent in sub-surface. Tummalapalle quartzite is relatively less deformed arenitic in nature with significant enrichment in MREE. The genetic models for the two types of mineralization is totally different.
基金Supported by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation,India and Christoffel-Blindenmission(CBM),Bensheim,Germany
文摘AIM： To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment（UVI） in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.·METHODS： A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology was carried out in West Godavari, Adilabad and Mahbubnagar districts in south India. A comprehensive eye examination that included presenting and best corrected visual acuity and dilated fundus examination was conducted by trained professionals. UVI is defined as presenting visual acuity 6/18 in one eye but ≥6/18 in other eye. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test association of UVI with socio-demographic risk factors.· RESULTS： Data were analyzed for 6634/7771 participants after excluding those with bilateral visual impairment. The mean age of the participants was 27.4y（Standard deviation： 17.9y）, 51.9% were women and49.1% were educated. The prevalence of UVI was 7.8%（95% CI： 7.2%- 8.5%）. Uncorrected refractive error（60.8%）, cataract（17.4%） and retinal causes（6.6%） were the leading causes of UVI. On multiple logistic regression analyses, older age, not having education, living in welloff district had significantly higher odds of being associated with UVI. UVI was not associated with gender.·CONCLUSION： UVI is common in rural south India.Most of it is due to cataract and refractive errors, both of which can be addressed at primary and secondary levelsof eye care. Burden of UVI should also be considered in planning eye care services.
基金Supported by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation,India and Christoffel-Blindenmission(CBM),Bensheim,Germany
文摘AIM：To report on the utilization of eye care services and its associated factors among those with unilateral visual impairment（VI）in a rural South Indian population.METHODS：A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts（Adilabad,Mahbubnagar and West Godavari）in the state of Andhra Pradesh,India.A detailed interview and a comprehensive eye examination were conducted. Those with unilateral VI were asked questions about noticing any change in vision and on utilization of eye care services. The most important reason reported by the participant for not utilizing the services was used for the analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between noticing a change in vision and socio-demographic variables such as age,gender,education and area of residence,severity and causes of VI.RESULTS：Among the 4456 participants aged ≥16y who were administered the questionnaire,53.2% were women,and 54.7% had no education. Of the 489（11%; 95% CI：10.1-11.9）people with unilateral VI,399（81.6%）participants reported noticing a change in their vision over the last five years but only 136（34.1%）participants had soughteye care consultation. Those who had any education（OR：1.9; 95% CI：1.1-3.2）,had blindness（OR：2.7; 95% CI：1.4-5.2）,and cataract（OR：2.1; 95% CI：1.0-4.3）as a cause of unilateral VI were more like to seek eye care consultations. The most commonly reported reasons for not seeking eye care services were ＂do not have money for eye checkup＂ in 30.7% of the participants followed by ＂do not have a serious problem＂（30.0%）.CONCLUSION：A large proportion of rural population though noticed a change in their vision did not seek eye care due to financial and person-related reasons. Eye care service providers need to address these barriers to enhance the uptake of eye care services among those with unilateral VI.
文摘Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite （BADR） is the signature volcanic rock suite of the convergent margin. The N-S belt has gone below the unconformity plane of Cuddapah sediments. In the northern part geochemical and structural attributes of the Kadiri greenstone belt is studied along with microscopic observations of selected samples. Harker diagram plots of major elements generally indicate a liquid line of descent from a common source, such that BADR rocks are derived from a common parent magma of basaltic to andesitic composition. These calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are formed at convergent margins where more silicic rocks represent more highly fractionated melt. All the litho-units of this greenstone belt indicate crush and strain effects. The stretched pebbles in the deformed volcanic matrix with tectonite development along with associated greenschist facies metamorphism, alteration and hydration is remarkable. Flow foliation plane with N-S strike and very low angle （5~ to 10~） easterly dip and N-S axial planar schistosity formed due to later phase isoclinal folding can be clearly identified in the field. Basic intrusives are quite common in the surrounding area. All the observations including the field setting and geochemistry clearly demonstrate ocean-continent subduction as the tectonic environment of the study area.
文摘The medium- to coarse-grained and porphyritic granitoid of Dharmawaram, Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, south India is a biotite-hornblende granite with notable contents of rare metal (Zr, Hf, Th) and rare earth (including Y) minerals like zircon, thorite, allanite, monazite and xenotime. Chemically, it is metaluminous (average A/ C+N+K = 0.95)-type, potassic (av. 5% K2O) granite, with dominantly sub-alkaline characters. It shows up to 8 times enrichment of rare metals (Zr, Hf, U, Th) and rare earths (including Y, Sc), with reference to their abundances in normal unevolved granite, and hence, fertile for some of these elements. Field, petrological, geochemical and isotopic data of potassic granite (PG) indicate involvement of silica-rich metasedimentary-basic crustal rocks (amphibole-quartzite, amphibolite, hornblende-biotite gneiss, etc.) in its genesis, at a depth range of 30 km. Further, chondrite-normalized REE patterns demonstrate that low-degree partial melting of source rocks is the major controlling factor in the genesis of PG Mild negative Eu-anomaly (av. Eu/Eu* = 0.48), plots of Ba-Rb-Sr in the field of anomalous granite and K/Rb ratios (av. 239) in the range that is shown by normal unevolved granite together indicate less fractionated nature of the PG Limited fractionation of metalumination-type, involving hornblende, led to occasional weak alumina saturation. Interestingly, geochemical and petrogenetic features of the studied PG broadly match with those potassic granites which are already known to host anomalously high enrichment of rare metals and rare earths in other parts of Andhra Pradesh and adjoining Karnataka.
文摘The Manganese deposits of Andhra Pradesh are associated with a thick sequence of Precambrian rocks, belonging to Khondalite and Charnockite groups of Dharwar Supergroup that forms part of 2500 to 3000 m.y. old Eastern Ghat complex of India. The study area is the Manganese deposits of Vizianagram-Visakhapatnam Manganese Belt of Andhra Pradesh. The study area lies about 150 km NE of Visakhapatnam between 18°12′N - 18°30′N and 83°20′E - 83°45′E. The mineralization of Manganese ores is confined to different rock types, belonging to both Khondalite and Charnockite groups, where they are dispersed throughout the country rocks as small lenses, pockets, veins and irregular bodies of varying dimensions. Quartz, garnet, clay, limonite and apatite are the common gangue minerals in the Manganese ores. The presence of quartz, garnet and apatite brings down the grade of the ore. Ferruginous laterite and ochre generally work as capping of the Manganese deposits. The various Manganese ore minerals present in these deposits are indentified as 1) Primary minerals-braunite, bixbyite, vredenburgite, jacobsite and hausmannite, 2) secondary minerals-psilomelane, cryptomelane, hollandite, pyrolusite and wad. The primary ore minerals are considered to be syngenetic and regionally metamorphosed while, the associated secondary ore minerals are formed due to alteration of the primary ores.
文摘It is well known that the rampant increase for the demand of electricity and rapid depletion of the fossil fuels has called for immediate response in the direction of energy sufficiency. To accomplish this, one of the important tasks is to identify the locations of high potential for renewable energy generation. It is a well-established fact that solar energy proved to be the most sought after source for energy generation. Although, solar energy potential maps of India have been prepared based on solar irradiation maps in the earlier studies, the present research study has been carried out with a focused attention directly on solar energy generation considering various parameters. In this work it is shown that solar energy generation does not depend on solar radiation alone at a location. Instead, there are various other factors that influence the energy generation. Some of them are ambient temperature, wind velocity and other parameters like weather and topographic conditions. In this study the locations with high and low solar energy generation potential in India have been identified through systematic analysis by computing the solar energy parameters at every grid point (1°× 1°). The work has been extended with more detailed study for Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and the newly formed Telangana states. The data points considered for the states are 0.25°× 0.25°having resulted in adding more number of locations. Our results indicate that the total annual energy generation in India varies from 510,000 KWH to 800,000 KWH per acre of land. The least energy generation location pertains to the eastern parts of Arunachal Pradesh and eastern part of Assam and the highest annual solar energy generation has been identified in the eastern parts of Jammu & Kashmir and eastern part of Uttarakhand.
文摘The global decline in farmland bird populations in India is often ignored. The overuse of agrochemicals in farming is the root cause of all these catastrophic results. There is ample evidence in the literature that transitioning to agroecological practices may reverse this trend. We anticipated that the bird population visiting natural farming-Andhra Pradesh Community managed Natural Farming (APCNF), a novel farming approach popular in India, will increase. The study used nested design to compare the number of bird visitations in natural farming versus chemical farming to determine whether natural farming can enhance the bird numbers and diversity. Furthermore, we analyzed the bird species visits to natural and chemical farms in different agroecological zones in Andhra Pradesh, the southernmost state of India. We used the point count survey approach to count the birds on comparable farms. MANOVA and non-parametric analysis are used to examine the findings. The bird species were ranked using a Likert scale. The results show that the average bird population visiting natural vs. chemical farms varies significantly at the 0.05 level of significance, and the bird species visiting both natural farming fields and chemical farms varies between geographies and time interval.
文摘The paper reported the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among Brahmin,an endogamous population from Visakhapatnam district,Andhra Pradesh,India.Blood samples of 100 unrelated Brahmin individuals were screened for ABO and Rh(D) blood groups.The order of occurrence of ABO phenotypes was O>A>B.The corresponding allele frequencies were 0.530,0.315,and 0.155,respectively.The allele frequency of D (0.990) was more than d (0.010).The results were compared with the other caste population to understand the population variations.
基金financed by the Ministry of Earth Sciences,New Delhi,India。
文摘During the collection of manglicolous lichens for the project work on pharmacological evaluation,three lichen species collected from a remote“Lanka”in less known Vainateya Godavari river basin in the year 2015.There is no record of any of these lichen species on the mangroves of Andhra Pradesh like Dirinaria consimilis(Stirton)D.D.Awasthi,Parmotrema tinctorum(Despr.ex Nyl.)Hale and Roccella montagnei Bel.em.D.D.Awasthi on the host is Excoecaria agallocha.Interestingly the authors find no such lichen flora even in the Coringa wild life sanctuary the second largest stretch of mangrove forests of India due to its close proximity to the port city of Kakinada.
文摘Objective:To detect types of liver disorders through biochemical studies in coastal Andhra Pradesh,India.Methods:Serum level of bilirubin(total and direct),serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)were measured among the adult men and women from a South Indian district.Standard methodologies were adopted during selection of study participants and collection and analysis of blood samples.Results:It is observed that there is no difference in the levels of bilirubin(total and direct)and ALP in male and female patients.It is observed that there are significant differences in the levels of SGOT and SGPT.Males recorded higher levels than females.Conclusion:A considerable number of patients showed increased levels of total and direct bilirubin,SGOT,SGPY and ALP.The higher levels of SGOT and SGPT among males might be due to their alcoholic habits and among men in this community.The overall liver function abnormalities may be due to dietary habits,mal-absorption,nonalcoholic fatty liver,diabetes mellitus and contaminated drinking water.
基金The financial support was provided by a fellowship Grant from“Maulana Azad National Fellowship Programme”New Delhi,India.
文摘During the present investigation,studies were carried out to investigate the outbreak of Redmouth disease in culture ponds situated at Krishna,West Godavari and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh.Enteric Red Mouth disease or Yersiniosis is a serious infectious bacterial disease,sometimes responsible for causing severe economic loss to fish farming industry.The disease is clinically characterized by symptoms like bleeding at the base of fins,inside and around mouth,bilateral exophthalmia with or without haemorrhage,and per-ocular and peri-oral haemorrhages.In the present study,live or moribund fish showing lesions similar to enteric redmouth disease were collected and the causative agent was isolated by culture techniques.Bacterial identification was carried out by conventional biochemical methods and molecular polymerase chain reaction.DNA extracted from isolated pathogen was subjected to PCR amplification with a pair of Y.ruckeri specific primers.The PCR product was run on 1.5%agarose gel electrophoresis and positive bands with a molecular size of approximately 500bp were detected.It is similar to that given for PCR products with primers specific for Y.ruckeri.
