Objoctive To identify differential genes between normal ovarian epithelium tissue and ovarian epithelial cancer using representational difference analysis of cDNA （cDNA-RDA）. Methods cDNA-RDA was performed to ident...Objoctive To identify differential genes between normal ovarian epithelium tissue and ovarian epithelial cancer using representational difference analysis of cDNA （cDNA-RDA）. Methods cDNA-RDA was performed to identify the differentially expressed sequences between cDNAs from cancer tissue and cDNAs from normal ovarian tissue in the same patient who was in the early stage of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. These differentially expressed fragments were cloned and analyzed, then sequenced and compared with known genes. Results Three differentially cxpressed cDNA fragments were isolated using cDNA from normal ovarian tissue as tester and cDNA from cancer tissue as driver amplicon by cDNA-RDA. DP Ⅲ- 1 and DP Ⅲ-2 cDNA clone showed significant homology to the cDNA of alpha actin gene; DPⅢ-3 cDNA clone showed significant homology to the cDNA oftransgelin gene. Conclusion cDNA-RDA can bc used to sensitively identify the differentially expressed genes in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma involves alteration of multiple genes.展开更多
Objective To screen coronaryartery disease (CAD) specific expressions and clone their genes. Method Blood samples were collected from CAD and non - CAD patients at the end of coronary angiography. mRNA from samples wa...Objective To screen coronaryartery disease (CAD) specific expressions and clone their genes. Method Blood samples were collected from CAD and non - CAD patients at the end of coronary angiography. mRNA from samples was isolated and converted into cDNA. After ligated with specific linkers, the cDNA was amplified with complementary primers. PCR products from CAD samples were named as tester; the ones from non - CAD samples were named as driver. With different ratio of tester to driver (1 : 100,1: 1, 000, and 1: 10, 000), they were mixed, denatured, and renatured. Single strand cD-NA was eliminated by Mung bean nuclease. Double strand cDNA presented only in tester was amplified, ligated in vector pUC19 and pUC53, and transformed into E. coll DH5a. Strains with inserted cDNA fragments were picked up based on blue and white selection. Insertions were screened by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Results were compared with DNA sequences of GeneBank. Results: After the selection with representational differential analysis, CAD specific cDNA fragments with different sizes (about 1kb, 0. 75kb, and 0. 6kb) were cloned. Among them, two fragments from unknown genes were identified. One presented a 43. 3 % similarity with part of the rattus norvegicus lipocortin gene. Another presented a 45. 4 % similarity with part of the human polynucleotide kinase 3' - phosphatase gene. Conclusion There are at least two CAD specific - ex- pressions from unknown genes that were partially similar to lipocortin and polynucleotide kinase 3'- phos-phatase genes, respectively. Expression of these genes might affect the formation and progression of plaque within coronary artery.展开更多
Objective： To identify aberrant gene expression in primary human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） and to evaluate the differently expressed level of Lyll and LMO2 genes in human LMO2 positive/TALl negati...Objective： To identify aberrant gene expression in primary human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） and to evaluate the differently expressed level of Lyll and LMO2 genes in human LMO2 positive/TALl negative T-ALL tumors. Methods： Three methods, representational difference analysis （RDA） of cDNA, cDNA microarrays and RT-PCR were used to detect if Lyll and LMO2 genes were differently expressed in human LMO2 positive/tall negative T-ALL tumors. Results： The results of cDNA RDA and cDNA array shown that Lyll and LMO2 genes are differently expressed in human T-cell tumors. The result of RT-PCR also shown Lyll and LMO2 are high expressed in human T-cell tumors and very low level or no expressed in normal group. Conclusion： We have found that cDNA RDA and cDNA microarray can be successfully used to identify aberrant gene expression in T-ALL cells. In the study described in this manuscript we found that Lyll and LMO2 are aberrantly expressed in human T-ALL LMO2 positive/TALl negative T-ALL tumors.展开更多
AIM: To screen out the differentially methylated DNA sequences between gastric primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, test the methylation difference of gene PTPRG between primary gastric tumor and metastatic lymph...AIM: To screen out the differentially methylated DNA sequences between gastric primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, test the methylation difference of gene PTPRG between primary gastric tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, and test the regulatory function of 5-aza- 2-deoxycytidine which is an agent with suppression on methylation and the level of methylation in gastric cancer cell line. METHODS: Methylated DNA sequences in genome were enriched with methylated CpG islands amplification (MCA) to undergo representational difference analysis (RDA), with MCA production of metastatic lymph nodes as tester and that of primary tumor as driver. The obtained differentially methylated fragments were cloned and sequenced to acquire the base sequence, which was analyzed with bioinformatics. With methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and RT-PCR, methylation difference of gene PTPRG was detected between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes in 36 cases of gastric cancer. Methylation of gene PTPRG and its regulated expression were observed in gastric cancer cell line before and after being treated with methylation-suppressive agent. RESULTS: Nineteen differentially methylated sequences were obtained and located at 5' end, exons, introns and 3' end, in which KL59 was observed to be located at 9p21 as the first exon of gene p16 and KL22 to be located at promoter region of PRPRG . KL22, as the probes, was hybridized with driver, tester and 3-round RDA products respectively with all positive signals except with the driver. Significant difference was observed in both methylation rate of gene PTPRG and PTPRG mRNA expression rate between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes. Demethylation of gene PTPRG, with recovered expression of PTPRG mRNA, was observed after gastric cancer cell line being treated with methylation-suppressive agent. CONCLUSION: Difference exists in DNA methylation between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer, with MCA-RDA as one of the good analytical methods. Significant difference exists in methylation of gene PTPRG between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer. Methylation level in gastric cancer cell line can be decreased by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which is the methylation- suppressive agent, with PTPRG expression being recovered.展开更多
Objective：Microtubule damaging agents such as nocodazole have been used in the clinical cancer chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction activity of these agents are still unclear. We pre...Objective：Microtubule damaging agents such as nocodazole have been used in the clinical cancer chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction activity of these agents are still unclear. We previously demonstrated that nocodazole induced apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells. In order to investigate the genes involved in this process, cDNA RDA was performed to identify upregulated genes in the apoptosis process induced by nocodazole. Methods ：Sixteen up-regulated genes were identified and confirmed to be differentially expressed, including ribosomal proteins, cytochrome b, Wilm＇s tumor related protein QM gene, alpha-tubulin isoform 1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C enzymes, follicular lymphoma variant translocation 1, Ribophorin I , etc. Results：It was the first time for several genes reported to be related to apoptosis, including one functionally unkown gene, BING4. We also analyzed the expression of these genes in apoptosis induced by etoposide, and results showed 9 genes were also up-regulated, indicating they could be important genes involved in apoptosis. Conclusion：The study provides important clues to understand mechanism of apoptosis induced by nocodazole, and establishes foundation for further study.展开更多
Objective To search differentially expressed sequences correlated with pathogenesis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including the candidates of tumor suppressor genes Methods Representational difference a...Objective To search differentially expressed sequences correlated with pathogenesis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including the candidates of tumor suppressor genes Methods Representational difference analysis (RDA) was performed to isolate differentially expressed sequences between cDNA from normal human primary cultures of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1 The source of differentially expressed products were proved by Southern blot, Northern blot and in situ hybridization The fragments were cloned with pGEM T easy kit and sequenced by the chain termination reaction Results Four differentially expressed cDNA fragments were isolated in the fourth subtractive hybridization using cDNA from normal human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells as tester amplicon and cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1 as driver amplicon by cDNA RDA These differential cDNA fragments revealed that they really came from the tester amplicon and were not expressed or down regulated in the NPC HNE1 cells Some of the genes were expressed only in human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells but deleted or down regulated in the biopsies of NPC Of these obtained clones, some were the sequences of the human known genes including house keeping genes, the others represented novel gene sequences Conclusion The differentially expressed products including the candidates of tumor suppressor genes may be associated with the initiation of the NPC展开更多
The research deal with the reconstruction through digital 3D CAAD （Computer Aided Architectural Design） modeling of masterpieces of modem and contemporary architecture. The charm of reconstruction through digital mo...The research deal with the reconstruction through digital 3D CAAD （Computer Aided Architectural Design） modeling of masterpieces of modem and contemporary architecture. The charm of reconstruction through digital modeling is far less than that of work done on traditional maquette, indeed, makes much deeper level of detail and specificity from knowing. We had to know many technical characteristics of the buildings beyond size, like static-structural features, physical features, economic features and others. In this way＇ the model become real-simulation, a simulated architectural model in all aspects. In addition to these aspects we deeply analyze also the formal, morphological, historical and architectural aspects. The idea is to revitalize and re-discover the logics and the rules of the projected constructions that the designer architect have invented for each masterpiece of architecture, through the comprehension of how is done. The proportional analysis of the modularity on which the design is based is mandatory subject of investigation.展开更多
Multiresolution modeling is becoming a powerful tool for fast display, and geometric data compression and transmission of complex shapes. Most of the existing literatures investigating the multiresolution for B-spline...Multiresolution modeling is becoming a powerful tool for fast display, and geometric data compression and transmission of complex shapes. Most of the existing literatures investigating the multiresolution for B-spline curves and surfaces are concentrated on open ones. In this paper, we focus on the multiresolution representations and editing of closed B-spline curves and surfaces using wavelets. A repetition approach is adopted for the multiresolution analysis of closed B-spline curves and surfaces. Since the closed curve or surface itself is periodic, it can overcome the drawback brought by the repetition method, i.e. introducing the discontinuities at the boundaries. Based on the models at different multiresolution levels, the multiresolution editing methods of closed curves and surfaces are introduced. Users can edit the overall shape of a closed one while preserving its details, or change its details without affecting its overall shape.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of large-scale language models,artificial intelligence(AI)systems such as ChatGPT have increasingly exhibited human-like characteristics.However,understanding the extent to which these syste...With the rapid advancement of large-scale language models,artificial intelligence(AI)systems such as ChatGPT have increasingly exhibited human-like characteristics.However,understanding the extent to which these systems resemble actual human traits remains a critical question.This study evaluated three versions of ChatGPT(3.5,4o,and 4o mini)across 84 dimensions of psychological characteristics,revealing notable differences from human norms and identifying key areas where alignment with human traits has progressively improved with each version update.By clustering the dimensions into broader psychological subdomains,the study highlighted consistent patterns of divergence and improvement across model iterations.These findings underscore the evolving psychological profile of ChatGPT and its increasing convergence with human characteristics.展开更多
文摘Objoctive To identify differential genes between normal ovarian epithelium tissue and ovarian epithelial cancer using representational difference analysis of cDNA （cDNA-RDA）. Methods cDNA-RDA was performed to identify the differentially expressed sequences between cDNAs from cancer tissue and cDNAs from normal ovarian tissue in the same patient who was in the early stage of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. These differentially expressed fragments were cloned and analyzed, then sequenced and compared with known genes. Results Three differentially cxpressed cDNA fragments were isolated using cDNA from normal ovarian tissue as tester and cDNA from cancer tissue as driver amplicon by cDNA-RDA. DP Ⅲ- 1 and DP Ⅲ-2 cDNA clone showed significant homology to the cDNA of alpha actin gene; DPⅢ-3 cDNA clone showed significant homology to the cDNA oftransgelin gene. Conclusion cDNA-RDA can bc used to sensitively identify the differentially expressed genes in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma involves alteration of multiple genes.
文摘Objective To screen coronaryartery disease (CAD) specific expressions and clone their genes. Method Blood samples were collected from CAD and non - CAD patients at the end of coronary angiography. mRNA from samples was isolated and converted into cDNA. After ligated with specific linkers, the cDNA was amplified with complementary primers. PCR products from CAD samples were named as tester; the ones from non - CAD samples were named as driver. With different ratio of tester to driver (1 : 100,1: 1, 000, and 1: 10, 000), they were mixed, denatured, and renatured. Single strand cD-NA was eliminated by Mung bean nuclease. Double strand cDNA presented only in tester was amplified, ligated in vector pUC19 and pUC53, and transformed into E. coll DH5a. Strains with inserted cDNA fragments were picked up based on blue and white selection. Insertions were screened by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Results were compared with DNA sequences of GeneBank. Results: After the selection with representational differential analysis, CAD specific cDNA fragments with different sizes (about 1kb, 0. 75kb, and 0. 6kb) were cloned. Among them, two fragments from unknown genes were identified. One presented a 43. 3 % similarity with part of the rattus norvegicus lipocortin gene. Another presented a 45. 4 % similarity with part of the human polynucleotide kinase 3' - phosphatase gene. Conclusion There are at least two CAD specific - ex- pressions from unknown genes that were partially similar to lipocortin and polynucleotide kinase 3'- phos-phatase genes, respectively. Expression of these genes might affect the formation and progression of plaque within coronary artery.
文摘Objective： To identify aberrant gene expression in primary human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） and to evaluate the differently expressed level of Lyll and LMO2 genes in human LMO2 positive/TALl negative T-ALL tumors. Methods： Three methods, representational difference analysis （RDA） of cDNA, cDNA microarrays and RT-PCR were used to detect if Lyll and LMO2 genes were differently expressed in human LMO2 positive/tall negative T-ALL tumors. Results： The results of cDNA RDA and cDNA array shown that Lyll and LMO2 genes are differently expressed in human T-cell tumors. The result of RT-PCR also shown Lyll and LMO2 are high expressed in human T-cell tumors and very low level or no expressed in normal group. Conclusion： We have found that cDNA RDA and cDNA microarray can be successfully used to identify aberrant gene expression in T-ALL cells. In the study described in this manuscript we found that Lyll and LMO2 are aberrantly expressed in human T-ALL LMO2 positive/TALl negative T-ALL tumors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30271477 and No.30572162 the Special Scientific Research Foundation for Doctors, State Education Ministry, No.20050159001
文摘AIM: To screen out the differentially methylated DNA sequences between gastric primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, test the methylation difference of gene PTPRG between primary gastric tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, and test the regulatory function of 5-aza- 2-deoxycytidine which is an agent with suppression on methylation and the level of methylation in gastric cancer cell line. METHODS: Methylated DNA sequences in genome were enriched with methylated CpG islands amplification (MCA) to undergo representational difference analysis (RDA), with MCA production of metastatic lymph nodes as tester and that of primary tumor as driver. The obtained differentially methylated fragments were cloned and sequenced to acquire the base sequence, which was analyzed with bioinformatics. With methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and RT-PCR, methylation difference of gene PTPRG was detected between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes in 36 cases of gastric cancer. Methylation of gene PTPRG and its regulated expression were observed in gastric cancer cell line before and after being treated with methylation-suppressive agent. RESULTS: Nineteen differentially methylated sequences were obtained and located at 5' end, exons, introns and 3' end, in which KL59 was observed to be located at 9p21 as the first exon of gene p16 and KL22 to be located at promoter region of PRPRG . KL22, as the probes, was hybridized with driver, tester and 3-round RDA products respectively with all positive signals except with the driver. Significant difference was observed in both methylation rate of gene PTPRG and PTPRG mRNA expression rate between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes. Demethylation of gene PTPRG, with recovered expression of PTPRG mRNA, was observed after gastric cancer cell line being treated with methylation-suppressive agent. CONCLUSION: Difference exists in DNA methylation between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer, with MCA-RDA as one of the good analytical methods. Significant difference exists in methylation of gene PTPRG between primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer. Methylation level in gastric cancer cell line can be decreased by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which is the methylation- suppressive agent, with PTPRG expression being recovered.
文摘Objective：Microtubule damaging agents such as nocodazole have been used in the clinical cancer chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction activity of these agents are still unclear. We previously demonstrated that nocodazole induced apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells. In order to investigate the genes involved in this process, cDNA RDA was performed to identify upregulated genes in the apoptosis process induced by nocodazole. Methods ：Sixteen up-regulated genes were identified and confirmed to be differentially expressed, including ribosomal proteins, cytochrome b, Wilm＇s tumor related protein QM gene, alpha-tubulin isoform 1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C enzymes, follicular lymphoma variant translocation 1, Ribophorin I , etc. Results：It was the first time for several genes reported to be related to apoptosis, including one functionally unkown gene, BING4. We also analyzed the expression of these genes in apoptosis induced by etoposide, and results showed 9 genes were also up-regulated, indicating they could be important genes involved in apoptosis. Conclusion：The study provides important clues to understand mechanism of apoptosis induced by nocodazole, and establishes foundation for further study.
文摘Objective To search differentially expressed sequences correlated with pathogenesis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including the candidates of tumor suppressor genes Methods Representational difference analysis (RDA) was performed to isolate differentially expressed sequences between cDNA from normal human primary cultures of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1 The source of differentially expressed products were proved by Southern blot, Northern blot and in situ hybridization The fragments were cloned with pGEM T easy kit and sequenced by the chain termination reaction Results Four differentially expressed cDNA fragments were isolated in the fourth subtractive hybridization using cDNA from normal human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells as tester amplicon and cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1 as driver amplicon by cDNA RDA These differential cDNA fragments revealed that they really came from the tester amplicon and were not expressed or down regulated in the NPC HNE1 cells Some of the genes were expressed only in human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells but deleted or down regulated in the biopsies of NPC Of these obtained clones, some were the sequences of the human known genes including house keeping genes, the others represented novel gene sequences Conclusion The differentially expressed products including the candidates of tumor suppressor genes may be associated with the initiation of the NPC
文摘The research deal with the reconstruction through digital 3D CAAD （Computer Aided Architectural Design） modeling of masterpieces of modem and contemporary architecture. The charm of reconstruction through digital modeling is far less than that of work done on traditional maquette, indeed, makes much deeper level of detail and specificity from knowing. We had to know many technical characteristics of the buildings beyond size, like static-structural features, physical features, economic features and others. In this way＇ the model become real-simulation, a simulated architectural model in all aspects. In addition to these aspects we deeply analyze also the formal, morphological, historical and architectural aspects. The idea is to revitalize and re-discover the logics and the rules of the projected constructions that the designer architect have invented for each masterpiece of architecture, through the comprehension of how is done. The proportional analysis of the modularity on which the design is based is mandatory subject of investigation.
文摘Multiresolution modeling is becoming a powerful tool for fast display, and geometric data compression and transmission of complex shapes. Most of the existing literatures investigating the multiresolution for B-spline curves and surfaces are concentrated on open ones. In this paper, we focus on the multiresolution representations and editing of closed B-spline curves and surfaces using wavelets. A repetition approach is adopted for the multiresolution analysis of closed B-spline curves and surfaces. Since the closed curve or surface itself is periodic, it can overcome the drawback brought by the repetition method, i.e. introducing the discontinuities at the boundaries. Based on the models at different multiresolution levels, the multiresolution editing methods of closed curves and surfaces are introduced. Users can edit the overall shape of a closed one while preserving its details, or change its details without affecting its overall shape.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32371125,32071081)。
文摘With the rapid advancement of large-scale language models,artificial intelligence(AI)systems such as ChatGPT have increasingly exhibited human-like characteristics.However,understanding the extent to which these systems resemble actual human traits remains a critical question.This study evaluated three versions of ChatGPT(3.5,4o,and 4o mini)across 84 dimensions of psychological characteristics,revealing notable differences from human norms and identifying key areas where alignment with human traits has progressively improved with each version update.By clustering the dimensions into broader psychological subdomains,the study highlighted consistent patterns of divergence and improvement across model iterations.These findings underscore the evolving psychological profile of ChatGPT and its increasing convergence with human characteristics.
