Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study ...Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study revealed that removing bags from‘Gengcunyangtao’red-fleshed peach fruits triggers the rapid and uniform accumulation of anthocyanins in the flesh,resulting in anthocyanin levels that exceed those in unbagged fruits.The exposure to light after bag removal triggered significant increases in anthocyanin levels within 24 h.This was accompanied by the rapid upregulation of light-responsive and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression levels within 6 h.A metabolomic analysis indicated that anthocyanin precursors,especially p-coumaric acid,accumulated before bag removal,thereby increasing substrate availability for rapid anthocyanin synthesis.On the basis of a weighted gene co-expression network analysis,MYB transcription factors,anthocyanin transporters,glutathione S-transferase,and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)were identified as key regulators that coordinate precursor storage along with light-induced transcriptional activation.Notably,PpMYB4 binds to the promoter of PpGSTF14 and activates its expression,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.The study findings elucidated the temporal coordination of metabolic priming and light-responsive transcriptional regulation driving rapid anthocyanin biosynthesis,with possible implications for improving peach fruit flesh coloration.展开更多
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical sim...[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical simulations and dynamic analysis methods,this study systematically investigates the coupled dynamic response characteristics during the cage-carrier vessel separation process to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns and key influence mechanisms.[Method]Based on potential flow theory,a fully coupled dynamic analysis model of crane vessel-net cage-semi-submersible barge was established for a marine ranch project in Guangdong.The complete lifting process was dynamically simulated using SESAM software.Five typical operating sea states were configured to investigate the influence of wave parameters on the system's motion response under combined wave-current-wind actions.[Result]The results demonstrate that wave period dominates the system stability.Under short-period conditions,the system maintains stable motion with relatively small horizontal relative displacements,while long-period conditions excite low-frequency resonance,leading to significant slow-drift motions.Vertical response analysis reveals that long-period waves cause severe relative displacement fluctuations between the cage and semi-submersible vessel,with actual displacement amplitudes doubling the preset safety target of 2.045 m.Quantitative analysis further indicates that when significant wave height increases from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the actual displacement amplitude increases by approximately 20%relative to the target displacement of 2.045 m,demonstrating that its influence is significantly weaker than the displacement variations induced by wave period changes.The complete dynamic simulation successfully captures the continuous dynamic response characteristics during the lifting process.[Conclusion]This research clarifies the influence mechanisms of wave parameters on the cage lifting process,identifying wave period as the crucial factor for operational safety.An operation window assessment method incorporating multi-body coupling effects is established,proposing a safety criterion with peak period not exceeding six seconds as the core requirement.The findings provide theoretical foundation for safe installation of marine ranch net cages and offer valuable references for similar offshore lifting operations.展开更多
The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial in...The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial intelligence(AI)-based machine learning(ML)has developed rapidly.This technique has achieved impressive results in the field of inclusion classification in process metallurgy.The present study surveys the ML modeling of inclusion prediction in advanced steels,including the detection,classification,and feature prediction of inclusions in different steel grades.Studies on clean steel with different features based on data and image analysis via ML are summarized.Regarding the data analysis,the inclusion prediction methodology based on ML establishes a connection between the experimental parameters and inclusion characteristics and analyzes the importance of the experimental parameters.Regarding the image analysis,the focus is placed on the classification of different types of inclusions via deep learning,in comparison with data analysis.Finally,further development of inclusion analyses using ML-based methods is recommended.This work paves the way for the application of AIbased methodologies for ultraclean-steel studies from a sustainable metallurgy perspective.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adj...Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.展开更多
Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops,however,their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases.In this study,the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2(SPV2)isolates from infected ...Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops,however,their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases.In this study,the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2(SPV2)isolates from infected sweet potato leaves in the Shandong(designated as SPV2-SDYT,GenBank No.PQ855660.1)and Jiangsu(designated as SPV2-JSXZ,GenBank No.PQ855661.1)provinces in China were obtained using 5′RACE and RT-PCR amplification.Consistency,phylogeny,codon usage bias,recombination,and selection pressure analyses were conducted using the SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ genome sequences.The complete genome sequences of SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ were 10561 nucleotides(nt)in length,with respective nucleotide and amino acid identities of 99.25%and 99.12%,respectively.Both isolates were closely related to the SPV2 isolate from China(SPV2-LN).In both SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ,the identity of the P1 protein was the highest,whereas that of the P3 protein was the lowest.There were 26 codons with relatively synonymous codon usage(RSCU)values greater than 1 in SPV2-SDYT and 27 codons with RSCU values greater than 1 in SPV2-JSXZ.High-frequency codons in their genomes were predominantly found to end with A/U.Recombination analysis revealed no major recombination sites in either SPV2-SDYT or SPV2-JSXZ.Further selection pressure analysis showed that the non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate(dN/dS)value of all 10 SPV2 proteins was less than 1.This is the first report on the evolutionary relationships of the 17 known SPV2 isolates.Our findings lay the molecular groundwork for preventing and controlling SPV2 infection in root-tuber crops.These findings also contribute to our understanding of the spread and evolution of SPV2,its pathogenic mechanisms,and the development of antiviral strategies against it.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recogni...The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.展开更多
Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity p...Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)sufficient to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.In this study,the authors questioned if shorter durations(i.e.,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,and 20 min/day)of MPA and VPA performed continuously or accumulated throughout the day would equally reduce the risks of all-cause mortality as longer duration MPA and VPA recommended in the physical activity(PA)guidelines.展开更多
The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.A...The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.展开更多
Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoid...Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids.Enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV—B)radiation,a growing global environmental concern,alters plant antioxidant systems,with increased flavonoid accumulation as a common adaptive response.However,its effects on mango fruit remain largely unexplored.To investigate the antioxidant responses of mango to enhanced UV-B radiation and identify key responsive flavonoid compounds and regulatory genes,we exposed‘Tainong 1’mango fruits growing under natural light to 96 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)of UV-B radiation to simulate high UV-B conditions.Treated fruits were smaller in size and had a pulp of a more intense yellow colour.Further,malondialdehyde content in treated fruits was higher during the phase of rapid fruit enlargement.Additionally,treated fruits showed increased sugar-acid ratios,total phenol,total flavonoid,carotenoid,and ascorbic acid contents.Furthermore,they showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity,as measured by the FRAP,ABTS,and DPPH assays.Extensive targeted metabolomic-analysis identified flavonoids as the largest category of compounds differentially expressed in treated and control groups.Quantitative metabolomics of flavonoids identified hyperoside,quercimeritrin,and(-)-catechin gallate as the key flavonoid metabolites responsive to UV-B treatment.Transcriptome analysis revealed an enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,with most associated differentially expressed genes showing upregulation.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the genes MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiCHI2,MiFLS,MiF3H2,and MiF3H3 correlated with changes in key flavonoid metabolites.Indeed,correlation analysis indicated that MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiFLS,and MiF3H3 are potential key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation under UV-B treatment.Thus,our study provides a theoretical basis for breeding for new resilient varieties and developing UV-B-resistant mango cultivation techniques.展开更多
This study investigates the uncertain dynamic characterization of hybrid composite plates by employing advanced machine-assisted finite element methodologies.Hybrid composites,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and s...This study investigates the uncertain dynamic characterization of hybrid composite plates by employing advanced machine-assisted finite element methodologies.Hybrid composites,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and structural applications,often face variability in material properties,geometric configurations,and manufacturing processes,leading to uncertainty in their dynamic response.To address this,three surrogate-based machine learning approaches like radial basis function(RBF),multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS),and polynomial neural networks(PNN)are integrated with a finite element framework to efficiently capture the stochastic behavior of these plates.The research focuses on predicting the first three natural frequencies under material uncertainties,which are critical to ensuring structural reliability.Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)is used as a benchmark for generating probabilistic datasets,including mean values,standard deviations,and probability density functions.The surrogate models are then trained and validated against these datasets,enabling accurate representation of uncertainty with substantially fewer samples compared to conventionalMCS.Among the methods studied,the RBFmodel demonstrates superior performance,closely approximating MCS results with a reduced sample size,thereby achieving significant computational savings.The proposed framework not only reduces computational time and costs but also maintains high predictive accuracy,making it well-suited for complex engineering systems.Beyond free vibration analysis,the methodology can be extended to more sophisticated scenarios,such as forced vibration,damping effects,and nonlinear structural responses.Overall,this work presents a computationally efficient and robust approach for surrogate-based uncertainty quantification,advancing the analysis and design of hybrid composite structures under uncertainty.展开更多
Earthquakes are highly destructive spatio-temporal phenomena whose analysis is essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.Modern seismological research produces vast volumes of heterogeneous data from sei...Earthquakes are highly destructive spatio-temporal phenomena whose analysis is essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.Modern seismological research produces vast volumes of heterogeneous data from seismic networks,satellite observations,and geospatial repositories,creating the need for scalable infrastructures capable of integrating and analyzing such data to support intelligent decision-making.Data warehousing technologies provide a robust foundation for this purpose;however,existing earthquake-oriented data warehouses remain limited,often relying on simplified schemas,domain-specific analytics,or cataloguing efforts.This paper presents the design and implementation of a spatio-temporal data warehouse for seismic activity.The framework integrates spatial and temporal dimensions in a unified schema and introduces a novel array-based approach for managing many-to-many relationships between facts and dimensions without intermediate bridge tables.A comparative evaluation against a conventional bridge-table schema demonstrates that the array-based design improves fact-centric query performance,while the bridge-table schema remains advantageous for dimension-centric queries.To reconcile these trade-offs,a hybrid schema is proposed that retains both representations,ensuring balanced efficiency across heterogeneous workloads.The proposed framework demonstrates how spatio-temporal data warehousing can address schema complexity,improve query performance,and support multidimensional visualization.In doing so,it provides a foundation for integrating seismic analysis into broader big data-driven intelligent decision systems for disaster resilience,risk mitigation,and emergency management.展开更多
Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for q...Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.展开更多
For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism resp...For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.展开更多
Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years.This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling ap...Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years.This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling approach enhanced by negative learning,employing a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)network explicitly trained to accurately reconstruct non-seismic geomagnetic signals while intentionally amplifying reconstruction errors for seismic signals.By penalizing the model for accurately reconstructing seismic anomalies,the negative learning approach effectively magnifies the differences between normal and anomalous data.This strategic differentiation enhances the sensitivity of the BiLSTM network,enabling improved detection of subtle geomagnetic anomalies that may serve as earthquake precursors.Experimental validation clearly demonstrated statistically significant higher reconstruction errors for seismic signals compared to non-seismic signals,confirmed through the Mann-Whitney U test with a p-value of 0.0035 for Root Mean Square Error(RMSE).These results provide compelling evidence of the enhanced anomaly detection capability achieved through negative learning.Unlike traditional classification-based methods,negative learning explicitly encourages sensitivity to subtle precursor signals embedded within complex geomagnetic data,establishing a robust basis for further development of reliable earthquake prediction methods.展开更多
Reservoir-induced landslides in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area are prone to tensile cracks due to the influenceof their own weight and fluctuationsin water levels.The presence of cracks indicates that the ten...Reservoir-induced landslides in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area are prone to tensile cracks due to the influenceof their own weight and fluctuationsin water levels.The presence of cracks indicates that the tensile stress in the area has exceeded the tensile strength of the soil,leading to local instability.To explore the impact of tensile failure behavior on the stability and failure modes of reservoir landslides,the Huangtupo Riverside Slump#1 is taken as a case study.By considering local tensile failure,potential tensile cracks are incorporated into the analysis via the limit equilibrium method and reliability theory.The reliability of landslides under different tensile failure scenarios is quantified.Strain-softening characteristics of the soil are combined to further analyze the failure transmission path of the landslide.Finally,these potential failure modes were validated through physical model tests.The results show that cracks developing at rear positions reduce the stability of the slope and increase the probability of instability.During the destruction process,retrogressive failures with multiple sliding surfaces are likely to occur.However,tensile failure at the forefront reduces the likelihood of an individual slide mass descending.Progressive failure results in both regular and skip transmission patterns.Additionally,cracks and water level changes can also lead to shifts in the positions of the most dangerous blocks.Therefore,in practical landslide analysis and prevention,it is necessary to consider local tensile damage and identify potential tensile crack locations in advance to optimize prevention measures and accurately evaluate landslide risk.展开更多
This study explores the core characteristics,dynamic progression of the depression-anxiety-stress network among Chinese higher vocational college freshmen and its association with life satisfaction,and identifies key ...This study explores the core characteristics,dynamic progression of the depression-anxiety-stress network among Chinese higher vocational college freshmen and its association with life satisfaction,and identifies key nodes and critical intervention points.Participants were 295 higher vocational college freshmen(male=137;M=18.52,SD=0.69)completing two follow-up surveys(5-month interval).Measures included depression-anxiety-stress symptoms and life satisfaction,analyzed via cross-sectional and binary cross-lagged panel network analysis.The results showed that“Easily agitated”was the central node(strength=1.519,EI=1.967);“Irritable”and“Mouth Dryness”were top predictors(Out-EI=1.101,1.100),with depressive symptoms as the convergence hub.“Easily agitated”had the strongest direct negative impact on life satisfaction(cross-cluster out-predictability=−0.653).This study elucidates depression-anxietystress network mechanisms in higher vocational freshmen,providing a theoretical framework and targeted intervention guidance(e.g.,focusing on somatic and emotional nodes).展开更多
The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examinin...The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(Grant No.2021C12066-4)Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(Grant No.2022HN01).
文摘Red-fleshed fruits are valued for their vibrant color and high anthocyanin content.Pre-harvest fruit bagging enhances fruit peel pigmentation,but its effect on flesh coloration remains poorly characterized.This study revealed that removing bags from‘Gengcunyangtao’red-fleshed peach fruits triggers the rapid and uniform accumulation of anthocyanins in the flesh,resulting in anthocyanin levels that exceed those in unbagged fruits.The exposure to light after bag removal triggered significant increases in anthocyanin levels within 24 h.This was accompanied by the rapid upregulation of light-responsive and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression levels within 6 h.A metabolomic analysis indicated that anthocyanin precursors,especially p-coumaric acid,accumulated before bag removal,thereby increasing substrate availability for rapid anthocyanin synthesis.On the basis of a weighted gene co-expression network analysis,MYB transcription factors,anthocyanin transporters,glutathione S-transferase,and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE)were identified as key regulators that coordinate precursor storage along with light-induced transcriptional activation.Notably,PpMYB4 binds to the promoter of PpGSTF14 and activates its expression,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.The study findings elucidated the temporal coordination of metabolic priming and light-responsive transcriptional regulation driving rapid anthocyanin biosynthesis,with possible implications for improving peach fruit flesh coloration.
文摘[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical simulations and dynamic analysis methods,this study systematically investigates the coupled dynamic response characteristics during the cage-carrier vessel separation process to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns and key influence mechanisms.[Method]Based on potential flow theory,a fully coupled dynamic analysis model of crane vessel-net cage-semi-submersible barge was established for a marine ranch project in Guangdong.The complete lifting process was dynamically simulated using SESAM software.Five typical operating sea states were configured to investigate the influence of wave parameters on the system's motion response under combined wave-current-wind actions.[Result]The results demonstrate that wave period dominates the system stability.Under short-period conditions,the system maintains stable motion with relatively small horizontal relative displacements,while long-period conditions excite low-frequency resonance,leading to significant slow-drift motions.Vertical response analysis reveals that long-period waves cause severe relative displacement fluctuations between the cage and semi-submersible vessel,with actual displacement amplitudes doubling the preset safety target of 2.045 m.Quantitative analysis further indicates that when significant wave height increases from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the actual displacement amplitude increases by approximately 20%relative to the target displacement of 2.045 m,demonstrating that its influence is significantly weaker than the displacement variations induced by wave period changes.The complete dynamic simulation successfully captures the continuous dynamic response characteristics during the lifting process.[Conclusion]This research clarifies the influence mechanisms of wave parameters on the cage lifting process,identifying wave period as the crucial factor for operational safety.An operation window assessment method incorporating multi-body coupling effects is established,proposing a safety criterion with peak period not exceeding six seconds as the core requirement.The findings provide theoretical foundation for safe installation of marine ranch net cages and offer valuable references for similar offshore lifting operations.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFB3713705)is acknowledgedWangzhong Mu would like to acknowledge the Strategic Mobility,Sweden(SSF,No.SM22-0039)+1 种基金the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education(STINT,No.IB2022-9228)the Jernkontoret(Sweden)for supporting this clean steel research.Gonghao Lian would like to acknowledge China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202306080032).
文摘The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial intelligence(AI)-based machine learning(ML)has developed rapidly.This technique has achieved impressive results in the field of inclusion classification in process metallurgy.The present study surveys the ML modeling of inclusion prediction in advanced steels,including the detection,classification,and feature prediction of inclusions in different steel grades.Studies on clean steel with different features based on data and image analysis via ML are summarized.Regarding the data analysis,the inclusion prediction methodology based on ML establishes a connection between the experimental parameters and inclusion characteristics and analyzes the importance of the experimental parameters.Regarding the image analysis,the focus is placed on the classification of different types of inclusions via deep learning,in comparison with data analysis.Finally,further development of inclusion analyses using ML-based methods is recommended.This work paves the way for the application of AIbased methodologies for ultraclean-steel studies from a sustainable metallurgy perspective.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.
基金Funding Statement:This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100132)Shandong Province Natural Sciences Foundation of China(ZR2021QC008)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Team Program'in College of Shandong Province of China(2022KJ119)supported by Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QT085).
文摘Sweet potatoes are significant cash crops,however,their yield and quality are greatly compromised by viral diseases.In this study,the complete genomic sequences of two Sweet Potato Virus 2(SPV2)isolates from infected sweet potato leaves in the Shandong(designated as SPV2-SDYT,GenBank No.PQ855660.1)and Jiangsu(designated as SPV2-JSXZ,GenBank No.PQ855661.1)provinces in China were obtained using 5′RACE and RT-PCR amplification.Consistency,phylogeny,codon usage bias,recombination,and selection pressure analyses were conducted using the SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ genome sequences.The complete genome sequences of SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ were 10561 nucleotides(nt)in length,with respective nucleotide and amino acid identities of 99.25%and 99.12%,respectively.Both isolates were closely related to the SPV2 isolate from China(SPV2-LN).In both SPV2-SDYT and SPV2-JSXZ,the identity of the P1 protein was the highest,whereas that of the P3 protein was the lowest.There were 26 codons with relatively synonymous codon usage(RSCU)values greater than 1 in SPV2-SDYT and 27 codons with RSCU values greater than 1 in SPV2-JSXZ.High-frequency codons in their genomes were predominantly found to end with A/U.Recombination analysis revealed no major recombination sites in either SPV2-SDYT or SPV2-JSXZ.Further selection pressure analysis showed that the non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate(dN/dS)value of all 10 SPV2 proteins was less than 1.This is the first report on the evolutionary relationships of the 17 known SPV2 isolates.Our findings lay the molecular groundwork for preventing and controlling SPV2 infection in root-tuber crops.These findings also contribute to our understanding of the spread and evolution of SPV2,its pathogenic mechanisms,and the development of antiviral strategies against it.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
文摘The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.
文摘Rowlands et al.1present an analysis of accelerometer data from the UK Biobank cohort,examining variations in the duration,intensity,and accumulation of moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA)and vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)sufficient to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.In this study,the authors questioned if shorter durations(i.e.,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,and 20 min/day)of MPA and VPA performed continuously or accumulated throughout the day would equally reduce the risks of all-cause mortality as longer duration MPA and VPA recommended in the physical activity(PA)guidelines.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52034002 and U2202254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-TT-19-001)。
文摘The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160677)the Hainan University Mango Research System.
文摘Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids.Enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV—B)radiation,a growing global environmental concern,alters plant antioxidant systems,with increased flavonoid accumulation as a common adaptive response.However,its effects on mango fruit remain largely unexplored.To investigate the antioxidant responses of mango to enhanced UV-B radiation and identify key responsive flavonoid compounds and regulatory genes,we exposed‘Tainong 1’mango fruits growing under natural light to 96 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)of UV-B radiation to simulate high UV-B conditions.Treated fruits were smaller in size and had a pulp of a more intense yellow colour.Further,malondialdehyde content in treated fruits was higher during the phase of rapid fruit enlargement.Additionally,treated fruits showed increased sugar-acid ratios,total phenol,total flavonoid,carotenoid,and ascorbic acid contents.Furthermore,they showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity,as measured by the FRAP,ABTS,and DPPH assays.Extensive targeted metabolomic-analysis identified flavonoids as the largest category of compounds differentially expressed in treated and control groups.Quantitative metabolomics of flavonoids identified hyperoside,quercimeritrin,and(-)-catechin gallate as the key flavonoid metabolites responsive to UV-B treatment.Transcriptome analysis revealed an enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,with most associated differentially expressed genes showing upregulation.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the genes MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiCHI2,MiFLS,MiF3H2,and MiF3H3 correlated with changes in key flavonoid metabolites.Indeed,correlation analysis indicated that MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiFLS,and MiF3H3 are potential key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation under UV-B treatment.Thus,our study provides a theoretical basis for breeding for new resilient varieties and developing UV-B-resistant mango cultivation techniques.
文摘This study investigates the uncertain dynamic characterization of hybrid composite plates by employing advanced machine-assisted finite element methodologies.Hybrid composites,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and structural applications,often face variability in material properties,geometric configurations,and manufacturing processes,leading to uncertainty in their dynamic response.To address this,three surrogate-based machine learning approaches like radial basis function(RBF),multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS),and polynomial neural networks(PNN)are integrated with a finite element framework to efficiently capture the stochastic behavior of these plates.The research focuses on predicting the first three natural frequencies under material uncertainties,which are critical to ensuring structural reliability.Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)is used as a benchmark for generating probabilistic datasets,including mean values,standard deviations,and probability density functions.The surrogate models are then trained and validated against these datasets,enabling accurate representation of uncertainty with substantially fewer samples compared to conventionalMCS.Among the methods studied,the RBFmodel demonstrates superior performance,closely approximating MCS results with a reduced sample size,thereby achieving significant computational savings.The proposed framework not only reduces computational time and costs but also maintains high predictive accuracy,making it well-suited for complex engineering systems.Beyond free vibration analysis,the methodology can be extended to more sophisticated scenarios,such as forced vibration,damping effects,and nonlinear structural responses.Overall,this work presents a computationally efficient and robust approach for surrogate-based uncertainty quantification,advancing the analysis and design of hybrid composite structures under uncertainty.
文摘Earthquakes are highly destructive spatio-temporal phenomena whose analysis is essential for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.Modern seismological research produces vast volumes of heterogeneous data from seismic networks,satellite observations,and geospatial repositories,creating the need for scalable infrastructures capable of integrating and analyzing such data to support intelligent decision-making.Data warehousing technologies provide a robust foundation for this purpose;however,existing earthquake-oriented data warehouses remain limited,often relying on simplified schemas,domain-specific analytics,or cataloguing efforts.This paper presents the design and implementation of a spatio-temporal data warehouse for seismic activity.The framework integrates spatial and temporal dimensions in a unified schema and introduces a novel array-based approach for managing many-to-many relationships between facts and dimensions without intermediate bridge tables.A comparative evaluation against a conventional bridge-table schema demonstrates that the array-based design improves fact-centric query performance,while the bridge-table schema remains advantageous for dimension-centric queries.To reconcile these trade-offs,a hybrid schema is proposed that retains both representations,ensuring balanced efficiency across heterogeneous workloads.The proposed framework demonstrates how spatio-temporal data warehousing can address schema complexity,improve query performance,and support multidimensional visualization.In doing so,it provides a foundation for integrating seismic analysis into broader big data-driven intelligent decision systems for disaster resilience,risk mitigation,and emergency management.
基金supported by the Chongqing Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project(grant number:CQSLK-202329)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0991)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:52378327)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation Development Joint Fund(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0049)。
文摘Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072545,32272639 and 32260745)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LTGN23C150009 and LY22C150003)Zhejiang University Experimental Technology Research Project(Grant No.SYBJS202217).
文摘For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education through Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)under Grant FRGS/1/2023/STG07/UPM/02/4.
文摘Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years.This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling approach enhanced by negative learning,employing a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)network explicitly trained to accurately reconstruct non-seismic geomagnetic signals while intentionally amplifying reconstruction errors for seismic signals.By penalizing the model for accurately reconstructing seismic anomalies,the negative learning approach effectively magnifies the differences between normal and anomalous data.This strategic differentiation enhances the sensitivity of the BiLSTM network,enabling improved detection of subtle geomagnetic anomalies that may serve as earthquake precursors.Experimental validation clearly demonstrated statistically significant higher reconstruction errors for seismic signals compared to non-seismic signals,confirmed through the Mann-Whitney U test with a p-value of 0.0035 for Root Mean Square Error(RMSE).These results provide compelling evidence of the enhanced anomaly detection capability achieved through negative learning.Unlike traditional classification-based methods,negative learning explicitly encourages sensitivity to subtle precursor signals embedded within complex geomagnetic data,establishing a robust basis for further development of reliable earthquake prediction methods.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42090055)the National Key ScientificInstruments and Equipment Development Projects of China(Grant No.41827808)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42207216).
文摘Reservoir-induced landslides in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area are prone to tensile cracks due to the influenceof their own weight and fluctuationsin water levels.The presence of cracks indicates that the tensile stress in the area has exceeded the tensile strength of the soil,leading to local instability.To explore the impact of tensile failure behavior on the stability and failure modes of reservoir landslides,the Huangtupo Riverside Slump#1 is taken as a case study.By considering local tensile failure,potential tensile cracks are incorporated into the analysis via the limit equilibrium method and reliability theory.The reliability of landslides under different tensile failure scenarios is quantified.Strain-softening characteristics of the soil are combined to further analyze the failure transmission path of the landslide.Finally,these potential failure modes were validated through physical model tests.The results show that cracks developing at rear positions reduce the stability of the slope and increase the probability of instability.During the destruction process,retrogressive failures with multiple sliding surfaces are likely to occur.However,tensile failure at the forefront reduces the likelihood of an individual slide mass descending.Progressive failure results in both regular and skip transmission patterns.Additionally,cracks and water level changes can also lead to shifts in the positions of the most dangerous blocks.Therefore,in practical landslide analysis and prevention,it is necessary to consider local tensile damage and identify potential tensile crack locations in advance to optimize prevention measures and accurately evaluate landslide risk.
基金supported by the Anhui Philosophical and Social Science Fund for University Research:The Application of Painting Psychological Analysis in College Students’Mental Health Education Courses(Grant#:2023AH052874),which has provided essential financial support for data collection.
文摘This study explores the core characteristics,dynamic progression of the depression-anxiety-stress network among Chinese higher vocational college freshmen and its association with life satisfaction,and identifies key nodes and critical intervention points.Participants were 295 higher vocational college freshmen(male=137;M=18.52,SD=0.69)completing two follow-up surveys(5-month interval).Measures included depression-anxiety-stress symptoms and life satisfaction,analyzed via cross-sectional and binary cross-lagged panel network analysis.The results showed that“Easily agitated”was the central node(strength=1.519,EI=1.967);“Irritable”and“Mouth Dryness”were top predictors(Out-EI=1.101,1.100),with depressive symptoms as the convergence hub.“Easily agitated”had the strongest direct negative impact on life satisfaction(cross-cluster out-predictability=−0.653).This study elucidates depression-anxietystress network mechanisms in higher vocational freshmen,providing a theoretical framework and targeted intervention guidance(e.g.,focusing on somatic and emotional nodes).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301851)。
文摘The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.
