An abundance of data from seismic and geodetic monitoring has provided new insight into dyke propagation and emplacement mechanisms.These studies show that faulting and fracturing is part of the magma
Striving for closer bilateral ties has dominated European Union’s China policyadjustments since the mid-nineties.Four major decisions of strategic signifi-cance in this regard were made in quick succession from Janua...Striving for closer bilateral ties has dominated European Union’s China policyadjustments since the mid-nineties.Four major decisions of strategic signifi-cance in this regard were made in quick succession from January to April this year.First came the consensus in January to hold an EU-China Summit in the mar-展开更多
The presence or absence of adult neural stem cells in the mammalian forebrain ependyma has been debated for two decades.In this study,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the cellular composition of ...The presence or absence of adult neural stem cells in the mammalian forebrain ependyma has been debated for two decades.In this study,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the cellular composition of the ependymal surface of the adult mouse forebrain using whole mounts of lateral walls of lateral ventricles.We identified 12 different cell subtypes in the ependymal surface.Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that CD133^(+)multi-ciliated cells comprised 67.6%of ependymal cells,while the remaining 32.4%were CD133^(-).CD133^(+)ependymal cells can be further classified into FOXJ1^(+)/SOX2^(+)/ACTA2^(+)cells,FLT1^(+)/CD31^(+)/CLDN5^(+)endothelial-like cells,and PDGFRB^(+)/VTN^(+)/NG2^(+)pericyte-like cells,as well as endothelial-pericyte-like cells and Foxj1^(+)endothelial-like cells.CD133^(-)ependymal cells can be further divided into endothelial-like cells,Foxj1^(+)ependymal cells,Foxj1^(+)endothelial-like cells,pericyte-like cells,endothelial-pericyte-like cells,VIM^(+)cells,and cells negative for all of these markers.This comprehensive profiling confirms the heterogeneity of the ependymal surface in the adult mouse forebrain.Debate regarding whether adult ependymal cells contain neural stem cells has arisen because different researchers have examined different populations of ependymal cells.Our study provides a new perspective for investigation of clinical endogenous neural stem cells,ultimately paving the way for stem cell therapies in neurological diseases.展开更多
Ferroptosis,a type of cell death that mainly involves iron metabolism imbalance and lipid peroxidation,is strongly correlated with the phagocytic response caused by bleeding after spinal cord injury.Thus,in this study...Ferroptosis,a type of cell death that mainly involves iron metabolism imbalance and lipid peroxidation,is strongly correlated with the phagocytic response caused by bleeding after spinal cord injury.Thus,in this study,bulk RNA sequencing data(GSE47681 and GSE5296)and single-cell RNA sequencing data(GSE162610)were acquired from gene expression databases.We then conducted differential analysis and immune infiltration analysis.Atf3 and Piezo1 were identified as key ferroptosis genes through random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms.Further analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed a close relationship between ferroptosis and cell types such as macrophages/microglia and their intrinsic state transition processes.Differences in transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication networks were found in ferroptosis-related cells,confirming the high expression of Atf3 and Piezo1 in these cells.Molecular docking analysis confirmed that the proteins encoded by these genes can bind cycloheximide.In a mouse model of T8 spinal cord injury,low-dose cycloheximide treatment was found to improve neurological function,decrease levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine inducible nitric oxide synthase,and increase levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine arginase 1.Correspondingly,the expression of the ferroptosis-related gene Gpx4 increased in macrophages/microglia,while the expression of Acsl4 decreased.Our findings reveal the important role of ferroptosis in the treatment of spinal cord injury,identify the key cell types and genes involved in ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and validate the efficacy of potential drug therapies,pointing to new directions in the treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant ...The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,are crucial formaintaining genome stability,yet their prognostic significance in eBCremains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-BRCA genes on clinical outcomes in eBC patients.Significant correlations were observed between the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of the genes Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM was associated with longer metastasis-free survival(MFS).Conversely,lower mRNA expression of BLM correlated with favorable outcomes,particularly in triple-negative tumors.Additionally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression were linked to significantly longer MFS compared to low expression levels.This study highlights the prognostic significance of ATM,BLM,and WRN in predicting survival outcomes in eBC patients.Background:The prognostic significance of various biological and non-BRCA genetic in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)remains unclear and warrants further investigation.This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of these genes on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.Methods:Patients included in this study were subdivided into two groups based on low and high messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels.Statistical analysis,including Kaplan-Meier curves,univariable,andmultivariable Cox regression analyses,was performed to assess metastasis-free survival(MFS)of mRNA expression of non-BRCA genes.Subgroup analyses were also conducted among four different molecular subtypes of eBC.Results:Our analysis revealed significant correlations between mRNA-expression levels of Ataxiatelangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM correlated with longer MFS in the entire cohort(p=0.022,Log Rank),and in luminal-B-like tumors(p=0.036).Lower mRNA expression of BLM was associated with favorable outcomes(p=0.011,Log Rank),particularly in triple-negative eBC(p=0.030,Log Rank).Finally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression correlated with significantly longerMFS compared to lowmRNA expression levels(p=0.009,Log Rank).Conclusions:This study underscores the prognostic significance of moderate penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,such as ATM,BLM,and WRN,for survival outcomes in eBC.展开更多
Background Antenatal anxiety(AA)is a common mental disorder during pregnancy and adversely affects the wellbeing of both pregnant women and their offspring.The prevalence of AA is exceptionally high in the first trime...Background Antenatal anxiety(AA)is a common mental disorder during pregnancy and adversely affects the wellbeing of both pregnant women and their offspring.The prevalence of AA is exceptionally high in the first trimester,yet there is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on AA in the first trimester.Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of AA among Chinese pregnant women during the first trimester.Methods We retrospectively retrieved and analysed data on the mental health screening of perinatal women at Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital in China from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2024.A total of 42013 pregnant women with less than 14 weeks of gestation were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7).A GAD-7 score≥10 indicates AA.Univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify risk factors for AA.Results Among the participants,1066(2.54%)experienced AA in the first trimester.Factors associated with a higher risk of AA included being under 25 years old,temporary residence,below senior high school education,low or moderate economic status,primipara,unplanned pregnancy,smoking,alcohol use,lack of exercise,low or moderate living conditions,low or moderate marital satisfaction and reluctance to discuss troubles with others.Conclusions AA manifests as a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various sociodemographic,obstetrical,lifestyle and psychosocial factors.Preventing AA requires collaboration among hospitals,communities and families.展开更多
Objective Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation(SI)with ischemic heart disease(IHD),with unknown mediators.Methods Using data from genome-wide association studies...Objective Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation(SI)with ischemic heart disease(IHD),with unknown mediators.Methods Using data from genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry,we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization(MR)study to estimate causal effects of loneliness(N=487,647)and SI traits on IHD(N=184,305).SI traits included whether individuals lived alone,participated in various types of social activities,and how often they had contact with friends or family(N=459,830 to 461,369).A network MR study was conducted to evaluate the mediating roles of 20 candidate mediators,including metabolic,behavioral and psychological factors.Results Loneliness increased IHD risk(OR=2.129;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.380 to 3.285),mediated by body fat percentage,waist-hip ratio,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.For SI traits,only fewer social activities increased IHD risk(OR=1.815;95%CI:1.189 to 2.772),mediated by hypertension,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,fasting insulin,and smoking cessation.No reverse causality of IHD with loneliness and SI was found.Conclusion These findings suggested more attention should be paid to individuals who feel lonely and have fewer social activities to prevent IHD,with several mediators as prioritized targets for intervention.展开更多
In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and quali...In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.展开更多
Durable aggregates are essential for the stability and longevity of construction projects,and the Los Angeles Abrasion(LAA)value is a widely used indicator of aggregate durability.However,direct LAA testing is time-co...Durable aggregates are essential for the stability and longevity of construction projects,and the Los Angeles Abrasion(LAA)value is a widely used indicator of aggregate durability.However,direct LAA testing is time-consuming,costly,and requires specialized facilities.This study introduces a novel and efficient alternative by developing two hybrid machine learning models Artificial Neural Network integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization(ANN-PSO)and Artificial Neural Network combined with Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization(ANN-TLBO)for the first time to predict LAA values from petrographic characteristics of carbonate rocks.A total of 160 rock samples from 10 geological formations in Pakistan’s Salt Range were analyzed through petrographic examination and LAA testing.The predictive performance of the proposed models was compared with established techniques,including Multiple Linear Regression,Random Forest,Adaptive Boosting,Gradient Boosting,K-Nearest Neighbors,and Multilayer Perceptron.Results demonstrate that ANN-PSO significantly outperformed all other approaches,achieving an R^(2)of 0.9982,RMSE of 0.209,MAE of 0.159,and MAPE of 0.009.Model robustness was validated using Taylor plots,REC curves,and an external dataset.Sensitivity analysis identified quartz,calcite,and feldspar as the most influential factors affecting LAA prediction.The findings confirm that the ANN-PSO and ANN-TLBO models provide highly accurate,cost-effective,and practical alternatives to traditional LAA testing.This innovative approach advances rock mechanics and material assessment,offering engineers and geologists enhanced tools for aggregate selection and durability evaluation in infrastructure projects.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION.The global availability of digital elevation model(DEM)data,such as 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEM and 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital ...0 INTRODUCTION.The global availability of digital elevation model(DEM)data,such as 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEM and 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),has been extensively utilized in morphotectonic analyses(e.g.,Wang et al.,2024;Cheng et al.,2018;Pérez-Pe?a et al.,2010;El Hamdouni et al.,2008).展开更多
Background:Besides seizures,a myriad of overlapping neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities occur in patients with epilepsy,which further debilitates their quality of life.This study provides an in-depth characte...Background:Besides seizures,a myriad of overlapping neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities occur in patients with epilepsy,which further debilitates their quality of life.This study provides an in-depth characterization of the impact of brivaracetam and rufinamide individually and in combination at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses,respec-tively,on corneal kindling-induced generalized seizures and behavioral alterations.Furthermore,observed convulsive frequency and behavioral changes were corre-lated to post-kindling-induced changes in the activity of markers of oxidative stress.Methods:Adult C57BL/6 mice were kindled via twice-daily transcorneal 50-Hz elec-trical stimulations(3 mA)for 3 s for 12 days until animals reached a fully kindled state.After the kindling procedure,animals were tested using a set of behavioral tests,and neurochemical alterations were assessed.Results:Corneal-kindled animals exhibited intense generalized convulsions,altered behavioral phenotypes typified by positive symptoms(hyperlocomotion),negative symptoms(anxiety and anhedonia),and deficits in semantic and working memory.BRV 10+RFM 20 dual regime increased convulsive threshold and propensity toward the start of stage 4–5 seizures and improved phenotypical deficits,that is,anxiety,depression,and memory impairments.Moreover,this combination therapy mitigated kindling-induced redox impairments as evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase levels and increased glutathione antioxidant activity in the brain of animals subjected to repetitive brain insult.Conclusion:Based on our outcomes,this dual therapy provides supporting evidence in alleviating epilepsy-induced neurobehavioral comorbidities and changes in redox homeostasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which is associated with high morbidity and mortality,is a main cause of unexpected myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction.However,the underlying mech...BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which is associated with high morbidity and mortality,is a main cause of unexpected myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),which are formed from protein-coding genes,can sequester microRNAs or proteins,modulate transcription and interfere with splicing.Authoritative studies suggest that circRNAs may play an important role in myocardial I/R injury.AIM To explore the role and mechanism of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury.METHODS We constructed a myocardial I/R injury model using ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,and evaluated the success of the validated model using triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Then,left ventricular samples from different groups were selected for mRNA-sequence,and differential gene screening was performed on the obtained results.The differentially obtained mRNAs were divided into up-regulated and down-regulated according to their expression levels,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)functional enrichment analysis were performed,respectively.Then,the obtained circRNA and microRNA(miRNA)were paired for analysis,and the binding sites of miRNA and mRNA were virtual screened.Finally,the obtained circRNA,miRNA and mRNA were constructed by ceRNA mutual most useful network.RESULTS We used an RNA sequencing array to investigate the expression signatures of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury using three samples from the I/R group and three samples from the sham group.A total of 142 upregulated and 121 downregulated circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed(fold change≥2,P<0.05).GO and KEGG functional analyses of these circRNAs were performed.GO analysis revealed that these circRNAs were involved mainly in cellular and intracellular processes.KEGG analysis demonstrated that 6 of the top 20 pathways were correlated with cell apoptosis.Furthermore,a circRNA-miRNA coexpression network and ceRNA network based on these genes were constructed,revealing that mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 might be key regulators of myocardial I/R injury.CONCLUSION This research provides new insights into the mechanism of myocardial I/R,which mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 are expected to be new therapeutic targets for myocardial I/R injury.展开更多
Background Physical frailty and depression may share common pathophysiological pathways associated with dementia and thus interact with each other.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the individual impa...Background Physical frailty and depression may share common pathophysiological pathways associated with dementia and thus interact with each other.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the individual impact of these factors on dementia.Aims To examine the joint effect and interaction of physical frailty and depression on the risk of all-cause dementia.Methods We conducted prospective analyses among participants aged≥60 years from three cohorts:the UK Biobank(UKB),the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)and the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Physical frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Fried frailty phenotype.Depression was evaluated through mental health questionnaires or combined with hospital admission records.The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia,identified via active follow-up and passive surveillance.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results A total of 220947 participants(mean age:64.5 years;53.3%female)were included.Over 2832696 person-years of follow-up,9088 participants(7605 in UKB,1207 in HRS and 276 in ELSA)developed incident all-cause dementia.Compared with robust individuals,frail participants faced a 155%increased risk of dementia(pooled HR:2.55,95%CI 2.36 to 2.76;I2=72.3%).Depression conferred a 1.59-fold excess risk for dementia(pooled HR:1.59,95%CI 1.50 to 1.69;I2=56.8%).Adding physical frailty and depression to a traditional dementia risk model significantly improved prediction accuracy(all p-Δarea under the curve<0.05).Jointly,participants with both physical frailty and depression exhibited the highest dementia risk(pooled HR:3.23,95%CI 2.86 to 3.65;I2=41.6%)compared with those without physical frailty and depression.Moreover,a significant additive interaction between physical frailty and depression was observed(pooled relative excess risk due to interaction:0.38,95%CI 0.13 to 0.63),with 17.1%(95%CI 6.0%to 28.3%)of dementia risk attributed to their interactive effects.Conclusions Individuals with both physical frailty and depression had the highest risk of dementia.More importantly,these two factors interact in an additive manner,further amplifying dementia risk.展开更多
This paper employs the Direct Finite Element Squared(DFE2)method to develop Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansions(SPCE)models for analyzing the electromechanical properties of multiscale piezoelectric structures.By incor...This paper employs the Direct Finite Element Squared(DFE2)method to develop Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansions(SPCE)models for analyzing the electromechanical properties of multiscale piezoelectric structures.By incorporating variations in piezoelectric and elastic constants,the DFE2 method is utilized to simulate the statistical characteristics—such as expected values and standard deviations—of electromechanical properties,including Mises stress,maximum in-plane principal strain,electric potential gradient,and electric potential,under varying parameters.This approach achieves a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.Different SPCE models are used to investigate the influence of piezoelectric and elastic constants on multiscale piezoelectric materials.Additionally,the multiscale parameterization study investigates how microscale material properties affect the macroscopic response of these structures and materials.展开更多
The phenomenon of'bamboo-like'thin interlayers developed in rock salt is one of the most prominent features of Paleogene salt-bearing strata in eastern China,where centimeter-thick rock salts appear separately...The phenomenon of'bamboo-like'thin interlayers developed in rock salt is one of the most prominent features of Paleogene salt-bearing strata in eastern China,where centimeter-thick rock salts appear separately,forming rhythmic units.At present,detailed analyses of these rhythms of rock salt are still limited,which directly affects the achievement of comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the developmental laws pertaining to this kind of saline lake.Therefore,we selected the typical rhythmic'bamboo-like'rock salts of the Shizhai Depression in Jiangsu Province as the research subject.Through careful observation of rock salts in hand samples and detailed petrographic and mineralogical analyses,we analyzed the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions,homogenization temperatures and chemical compositions of individual fluid inclusions in halite crystals.Early-stage rhythmic deposition was a product of continental saline lake evolution in winter or spring,late-stage rhythmic deposition being the product of evolution in the summer.The seasonal evolution of the halite sequences was determined and two brine enrichment events were identified.In addition,the quiet saline lake environment with concentrated brine represented by rock salt was more likely to precipitate potassium.This study provides a new reference for the evolution of both Paleogene climate and saline lakes in eastern China.展开更多
Since the initial observation of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene platelets(GPLs)in the 1990 and 2000s,the demand for high-performance structural applications and multifunctional materials has driven significant int...Since the initial observation of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene platelets(GPLs)in the 1990 and 2000s,the demand for high-performance structural applications and multifunctional materials has driven significant interest in composite structures reinforced with GPLs and CNTs.Incorporating these nanofillers into matrix materials markedly enhances the mechanical properties of the structures.To further improve efficiency and functionality,func-tionally graded(FG)distributions of CNTs and GPLs have been proposed.This study presents an extensive review of computational approaches developed to predict the global behavior of composite structural components enhanced with CNT and GPL nanofillers.The analysis focuses on key structural elements,such as plate-type configurations,cylindrical and curved shells,and beams,emphasizing the computational techniques utilized to simulate their mechanical behavior.The utilization of three-dimensional elasticity theories and equivalent single-layer(ESL)frameworks,which are widely employed in the modeling and analysis of these composites,is comprehensively discussed.Additionally,the paper examines various mechanical performance aspects,including static,buckling,post-buckling,vibrational,and dynamic responses for the mentioned structures.The unique features of hybrid nanocomposites,combining CNTs and GPLs,are also analyzed.Furthermore,the study delves into the fabrication and processing techniques of these materials,with a particular focus on strategies to mitigate nanofiller agglomeration.The review extends to cover thermal and electrical properties,durability under environmental exposure,fatigue resistance,and vibration-damping characteristics.In conclusion,the paper underscores the necessity for ongoing advancements in computational modeling to facilitate improved design,analysis,and optimization of nanocomposite structures.Future research opportunities in this rapidly advancing domain are also outlined.展开更多
The world-class Jiaodong gold province in the North China Craton hosts over 5000 t of Au resource and is characterized by abundant visible gold mineralization.However,the critical processes controlling the formation o...The world-class Jiaodong gold province in the North China Craton hosts over 5000 t of Au resource and is characterized by abundant visible gold mineralization.However,the critical processes controlling the formation of visible gold in this province remain poorly understood.To solve this problem,integrated microtextural,trace elemental,and sulfur isotopic analyses of pyrite from the high-grade Linglong gold deposit in the Jiaodong gold province were conducted in this study.Two distinct pyrite types were identified within auriferous quartz-sulfide veins:(1)Py1 aggregates in quartz-pyrite veins(hydrothermal stageⅡ),and(2)euhedral to subhedral,coarse-grained Py2 crystals in quartz-polymetallic sulfide veins(hydrothermal stageⅢ).Microtextural and elemental analyses revealed that visible gold predominantly occurs as intergranular particles between primary pyrite crystals within Py1 aggregates.The Py1 exhibits complex microtextures with abundant mineral inclusions of polymetallic sulfides and has low concentrations of Au(median:0.032 ppm)with a narrowδ^(34)S range(4.86‰-6.75‰),indicative of rapid crystallization under unstable,disequilibrium conditions.By contrast,the Py2 is texturally homogeneous and contains higher Au concentrations(median:0.304 ppm)with progressively increasingδ^(34)S values(5.25‰-10.14‰)over time,suggesting slow crystal growth under more stable,near-equilibrium conditions.Based on the microtextural and geochemical information,it is proposed that fluid boiling occurred only during the hydrothermal stage Ⅱ,which resulted in the unstable physicochemical environment and rapid deposition of gold.During the boiling processes,gold colloids likely occurred and promoted the formation of visible gold.展开更多
Verification and validation(V&V)is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors,but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an...Verification and validation(V&V)is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors,but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an asymptotic range.Hence,a new V&V approach for large eddy simulation(LES)is proposed.This approach offers a viable solution for the error estimation of simulation data that are unable to satisfy the asymptotic range.The simulation errors of cavitating flow around a projectile near the free surface are assessed using the new V&V method.The evident error values are primarily dispersed around the cavity region and free surface.The increasingly intense cavitating flow increases the error magnitudes.In addition,the modeling error magnitudes of the Dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model are substantially smaller than that of the Smagorinsky-Lilly model.The present V&V method can capture the decrease in the modeling errors due to model enhancements,further exhibiting its applicability in cavitating flow simulations.Moreover,the monitoring points where the simulation data are beyond the asymptotic range are primarily dispersed near the cavity region,and the number of such points grows as the cavitating flow intensifies.The simulation outcomes also suggest that the re-entrant jet and shedding cavity collapse are the chief sources of vorticity motions,which remarkably affect the simulation accuracy.The results of this study provide a valuable reference for V&V research.展开更多
文摘An abundance of data from seismic and geodetic monitoring has provided new insight into dyke propagation and emplacement mechanisms.These studies show that faulting and fracturing is part of the magma
文摘Striving for closer bilateral ties has dominated European Union’s China policyadjustments since the mid-nineties.Four major decisions of strategic signifi-cance in this regard were made in quick succession from January to April this year.First came the consensus in January to hold an EU-China Summit in the mar-
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82030035(to YES)Peak Disciplines(Type IV)of Institutions of Higher Learning in Shanghai(to LZ).
文摘The presence or absence of adult neural stem cells in the mammalian forebrain ependyma has been debated for two decades.In this study,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the cellular composition of the ependymal surface of the adult mouse forebrain using whole mounts of lateral walls of lateral ventricles.We identified 12 different cell subtypes in the ependymal surface.Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that CD133^(+)multi-ciliated cells comprised 67.6%of ependymal cells,while the remaining 32.4%were CD133^(-).CD133^(+)ependymal cells can be further classified into FOXJ1^(+)/SOX2^(+)/ACTA2^(+)cells,FLT1^(+)/CD31^(+)/CLDN5^(+)endothelial-like cells,and PDGFRB^(+)/VTN^(+)/NG2^(+)pericyte-like cells,as well as endothelial-pericyte-like cells and Foxj1^(+)endothelial-like cells.CD133^(-)ependymal cells can be further divided into endothelial-like cells,Foxj1^(+)ependymal cells,Foxj1^(+)endothelial-like cells,pericyte-like cells,endothelial-pericyte-like cells,VIM^(+)cells,and cells negative for all of these markers.This comprehensive profiling confirms the heterogeneity of the ependymal surface in the adult mouse forebrain.Debate regarding whether adult ependymal cells contain neural stem cells has arisen because different researchers have examined different populations of ependymal cells.Our study provides a new perspective for investigation of clinical endogenous neural stem cells,ultimately paving the way for stem cell therapies in neurological diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972073(to HZ)a grant from the Taishan Scholars Program ofShandong Province-Young Taishan Scholars,No.tsqn201909197(to HZ)+1 种基金a grant from Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construct Project,No.TJYXZDXK-027A(to SF)a grant from Academic Expert International Innovation Summit,No.22JRRCRC00010(to SF).
文摘Ferroptosis,a type of cell death that mainly involves iron metabolism imbalance and lipid peroxidation,is strongly correlated with the phagocytic response caused by bleeding after spinal cord injury.Thus,in this study,bulk RNA sequencing data(GSE47681 and GSE5296)and single-cell RNA sequencing data(GSE162610)were acquired from gene expression databases.We then conducted differential analysis and immune infiltration analysis.Atf3 and Piezo1 were identified as key ferroptosis genes through random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms.Further analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed a close relationship between ferroptosis and cell types such as macrophages/microglia and their intrinsic state transition processes.Differences in transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication networks were found in ferroptosis-related cells,confirming the high expression of Atf3 and Piezo1 in these cells.Molecular docking analysis confirmed that the proteins encoded by these genes can bind cycloheximide.In a mouse model of T8 spinal cord injury,low-dose cycloheximide treatment was found to improve neurological function,decrease levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine inducible nitric oxide synthase,and increase levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine arginase 1.Correspondingly,the expression of the ferroptosis-related gene Gpx4 increased in macrophages/microglia,while the expression of Acsl4 decreased.Our findings reveal the important role of ferroptosis in the treatment of spinal cord injury,identify the key cell types and genes involved in ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and validate the efficacy of potential drug therapies,pointing to new directions in the treatment of spinal cord injury.
文摘The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,are crucial formaintaining genome stability,yet their prognostic significance in eBCremains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-BRCA genes on clinical outcomes in eBC patients.Significant correlations were observed between the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of the genes Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM was associated with longer metastasis-free survival(MFS).Conversely,lower mRNA expression of BLM correlated with favorable outcomes,particularly in triple-negative tumors.Additionally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression were linked to significantly longer MFS compared to low expression levels.This study highlights the prognostic significance of ATM,BLM,and WRN in predicting survival outcomes in eBC patients.Background:The prognostic significance of various biological and non-BRCA genetic in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)remains unclear and warrants further investigation.This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of these genes on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.Methods:Patients included in this study were subdivided into two groups based on low and high messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels.Statistical analysis,including Kaplan-Meier curves,univariable,andmultivariable Cox regression analyses,was performed to assess metastasis-free survival(MFS)of mRNA expression of non-BRCA genes.Subgroup analyses were also conducted among four different molecular subtypes of eBC.Results:Our analysis revealed significant correlations between mRNA-expression levels of Ataxiatelangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM correlated with longer MFS in the entire cohort(p=0.022,Log Rank),and in luminal-B-like tumors(p=0.036).Lower mRNA expression of BLM was associated with favorable outcomes(p=0.011,Log Rank),particularly in triple-negative eBC(p=0.030,Log Rank).Finally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression correlated with significantly longerMFS compared to lowmRNA expression levels(p=0.009,Log Rank).Conclusions:This study underscores the prognostic significance of moderate penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,such as ATM,BLM,and WRN,for survival outcomes in eBC.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(YZ,U23A20434)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(BL,82371535)(LZ,82171518)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(BL,2021YFF1201204)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(BL,2023RC3083)the Postgraduate Innovative Project of Central South University(SX,2021zzts0376).
文摘Background Antenatal anxiety(AA)is a common mental disorder during pregnancy and adversely affects the wellbeing of both pregnant women and their offspring.The prevalence of AA is exceptionally high in the first trimester,yet there is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on AA in the first trimester.Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of AA among Chinese pregnant women during the first trimester.Methods We retrospectively retrieved and analysed data on the mental health screening of perinatal women at Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital in China from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2024.A total of 42013 pregnant women with less than 14 weeks of gestation were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7).A GAD-7 score≥10 indicates AA.Univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify risk factors for AA.Results Among the participants,1066(2.54%)experienced AA in the first trimester.Factors associated with a higher risk of AA included being under 25 years old,temporary residence,below senior high school education,low or moderate economic status,primipara,unplanned pregnancy,smoking,alcohol use,lack of exercise,low or moderate living conditions,low or moderate marital satisfaction and reluctance to discuss troubles with others.Conclusions AA manifests as a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various sociodemographic,obstetrical,lifestyle and psychosocial factors.Preventing AA requires collaboration among hospitals,communities and families.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82322059)the Chinese Academy of Medical·Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-010)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2500500)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-GSPRC-19).
文摘Objective Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation(SI)with ischemic heart disease(IHD),with unknown mediators.Methods Using data from genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry,we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization(MR)study to estimate causal effects of loneliness(N=487,647)and SI traits on IHD(N=184,305).SI traits included whether individuals lived alone,participated in various types of social activities,and how often they had contact with friends or family(N=459,830 to 461,369).A network MR study was conducted to evaluate the mediating roles of 20 candidate mediators,including metabolic,behavioral and psychological factors.Results Loneliness increased IHD risk(OR=2.129;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.380 to 3.285),mediated by body fat percentage,waist-hip ratio,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.For SI traits,only fewer social activities increased IHD risk(OR=1.815;95%CI:1.189 to 2.772),mediated by hypertension,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,fasting insulin,and smoking cessation.No reverse causality of IHD with loneliness and SI was found.Conclusion These findings suggested more attention should be paid to individuals who feel lonely and have fewer social activities to prevent IHD,with several mediators as prioritized targets for intervention.
文摘In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.
文摘Durable aggregates are essential for the stability and longevity of construction projects,and the Los Angeles Abrasion(LAA)value is a widely used indicator of aggregate durability.However,direct LAA testing is time-consuming,costly,and requires specialized facilities.This study introduces a novel and efficient alternative by developing two hybrid machine learning models Artificial Neural Network integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization(ANN-PSO)and Artificial Neural Network combined with Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization(ANN-TLBO)for the first time to predict LAA values from petrographic characteristics of carbonate rocks.A total of 160 rock samples from 10 geological formations in Pakistan’s Salt Range were analyzed through petrographic examination and LAA testing.The predictive performance of the proposed models was compared with established techniques,including Multiple Linear Regression,Random Forest,Adaptive Boosting,Gradient Boosting,K-Nearest Neighbors,and Multilayer Perceptron.Results demonstrate that ANN-PSO significantly outperformed all other approaches,achieving an R^(2)of 0.9982,RMSE of 0.209,MAE of 0.159,and MAPE of 0.009.Model robustness was validated using Taylor plots,REC curves,and an external dataset.Sensitivity analysis identified quartz,calcite,and feldspar as the most influential factors affecting LAA prediction.The findings confirm that the ANN-PSO and ANN-TLBO models provide highly accurate,cost-effective,and practical alternatives to traditional LAA testing.This innovative approach advances rock mechanics and material assessment,offering engineers and geologists enhanced tools for aggregate selection and durability evaluation in infrastructure projects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2023YFC3007303)the Open Research Project of the Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing(No.KLIGIP-2019B08)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION.The global availability of digital elevation model(DEM)data,such as 90-m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEM and 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model(ASTER GDEM),has been extensively utilized in morphotectonic analyses(e.g.,Wang et al.,2024;Cheng et al.,2018;Pérez-Pe?a et al.,2010;El Hamdouni et al.,2008).
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through Research Supporting Project Number RSP2024R131.
文摘Background:Besides seizures,a myriad of overlapping neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities occur in patients with epilepsy,which further debilitates their quality of life.This study provides an in-depth characterization of the impact of brivaracetam and rufinamide individually and in combination at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses,respec-tively,on corneal kindling-induced generalized seizures and behavioral alterations.Furthermore,observed convulsive frequency and behavioral changes were corre-lated to post-kindling-induced changes in the activity of markers of oxidative stress.Methods:Adult C57BL/6 mice were kindled via twice-daily transcorneal 50-Hz elec-trical stimulations(3 mA)for 3 s for 12 days until animals reached a fully kindled state.After the kindling procedure,animals were tested using a set of behavioral tests,and neurochemical alterations were assessed.Results:Corneal-kindled animals exhibited intense generalized convulsions,altered behavioral phenotypes typified by positive symptoms(hyperlocomotion),negative symptoms(anxiety and anhedonia),and deficits in semantic and working memory.BRV 10+RFM 20 dual regime increased convulsive threshold and propensity toward the start of stage 4–5 seizures and improved phenotypical deficits,that is,anxiety,depression,and memory impairments.Moreover,this combination therapy mitigated kindling-induced redox impairments as evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase levels and increased glutathione antioxidant activity in the brain of animals subjected to repetitive brain insult.Conclusion:Based on our outcomes,this dual therapy provides supporting evidence in alleviating epilepsy-induced neurobehavioral comorbidities and changes in redox homeostasis.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LQ23H020004The Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang province,No.2024KY983Basic Medical Health Technology Project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.Y20210818 and No.Y20210140.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which is associated with high morbidity and mortality,is a main cause of unexpected myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),which are formed from protein-coding genes,can sequester microRNAs or proteins,modulate transcription and interfere with splicing.Authoritative studies suggest that circRNAs may play an important role in myocardial I/R injury.AIM To explore the role and mechanism of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury.METHODS We constructed a myocardial I/R injury model using ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,and evaluated the success of the validated model using triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Then,left ventricular samples from different groups were selected for mRNA-sequence,and differential gene screening was performed on the obtained results.The differentially obtained mRNAs were divided into up-regulated and down-regulated according to their expression levels,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)functional enrichment analysis were performed,respectively.Then,the obtained circRNA and microRNA(miRNA)were paired for analysis,and the binding sites of miRNA and mRNA were virtual screened.Finally,the obtained circRNA,miRNA and mRNA were constructed by ceRNA mutual most useful network.RESULTS We used an RNA sequencing array to investigate the expression signatures of circRNAs in myocardial I/R injury using three samples from the I/R group and three samples from the sham group.A total of 142 upregulated and 121 downregulated circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed(fold change≥2,P<0.05).GO and KEGG functional analyses of these circRNAs were performed.GO analysis revealed that these circRNAs were involved mainly in cellular and intracellular processes.KEGG analysis demonstrated that 6 of the top 20 pathways were correlated with cell apoptosis.Furthermore,a circRNA-miRNA coexpression network and ceRNA network based on these genes were constructed,revealing that mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 might be key regulators of myocardial I/R injury.CONCLUSION This research provides new insights into the mechanism of myocardial I/R,which mmu-circ-0001452,mmu-circ-0001637,and mmu-circ-0000870 are expected to be new therapeutic targets for myocardial I/R injury.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0907004 to YZ)。
文摘Background Physical frailty and depression may share common pathophysiological pathways associated with dementia and thus interact with each other.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the individual impact of these factors on dementia.Aims To examine the joint effect and interaction of physical frailty and depression on the risk of all-cause dementia.Methods We conducted prospective analyses among participants aged≥60 years from three cohorts:the UK Biobank(UKB),the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)and the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Physical frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Fried frailty phenotype.Depression was evaluated through mental health questionnaires or combined with hospital admission records.The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia,identified via active follow-up and passive surveillance.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results A total of 220947 participants(mean age:64.5 years;53.3%female)were included.Over 2832696 person-years of follow-up,9088 participants(7605 in UKB,1207 in HRS and 276 in ELSA)developed incident all-cause dementia.Compared with robust individuals,frail participants faced a 155%increased risk of dementia(pooled HR:2.55,95%CI 2.36 to 2.76;I2=72.3%).Depression conferred a 1.59-fold excess risk for dementia(pooled HR:1.59,95%CI 1.50 to 1.69;I2=56.8%).Adding physical frailty and depression to a traditional dementia risk model significantly improved prediction accuracy(all p-Δarea under the curve<0.05).Jointly,participants with both physical frailty and depression exhibited the highest dementia risk(pooled HR:3.23,95%CI 2.86 to 3.65;I2=41.6%)compared with those without physical frailty and depression.Moreover,a significant additive interaction between physical frailty and depression was observed(pooled relative excess risk due to interaction:0.38,95%CI 0.13 to 0.63),with 17.1%(95%CI 6.0%to 28.3%)of dementia risk attributed to their interactive effects.Conclusions Individuals with both physical frailty and depression had the highest risk of dementia.More importantly,these two factors interact in an additive manner,further amplifying dementia risk.
基金supported by the Zhumadian 2023 Major Science and Technology Special Project(Grant No.ZMDSZDZX2023002)the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province(Grant No.YJS2023JD52).
文摘This paper employs the Direct Finite Element Squared(DFE2)method to develop Sparse Polynomial Chaos Expansions(SPCE)models for analyzing the electromechanical properties of multiscale piezoelectric structures.By incorporating variations in piezoelectric and elastic constants,the DFE2 method is utilized to simulate the statistical characteristics—such as expected values and standard deviations—of electromechanical properties,including Mises stress,maximum in-plane principal strain,electric potential gradient,and electric potential,under varying parameters.This approach achieves a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.Different SPCE models are used to investigate the influence of piezoelectric and elastic constants on multiscale piezoelectric materials.Additionally,the multiscale parameterization study investigates how microscale material properties affect the macroscopic response of these structures and materials.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.20242BAB20130)the Basic Research Funds Program of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.YYWF201607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41902064)。
文摘The phenomenon of'bamboo-like'thin interlayers developed in rock salt is one of the most prominent features of Paleogene salt-bearing strata in eastern China,where centimeter-thick rock salts appear separately,forming rhythmic units.At present,detailed analyses of these rhythms of rock salt are still limited,which directly affects the achievement of comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the developmental laws pertaining to this kind of saline lake.Therefore,we selected the typical rhythmic'bamboo-like'rock salts of the Shizhai Depression in Jiangsu Province as the research subject.Through careful observation of rock salts in hand samples and detailed petrographic and mineralogical analyses,we analyzed the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions,homogenization temperatures and chemical compositions of individual fluid inclusions in halite crystals.Early-stage rhythmic deposition was a product of continental saline lake evolution in winter or spring,late-stage rhythmic deposition being the product of evolution in the summer.The seasonal evolution of the halite sequences was determined and two brine enrichment events were identified.In addition,the quiet saline lake environment with concentrated brine represented by rock salt was more likely to precipitate potassium.This study provides a new reference for the evolution of both Paleogene climate and saline lakes in eastern China.
文摘Since the initial observation of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene platelets(GPLs)in the 1990 and 2000s,the demand for high-performance structural applications and multifunctional materials has driven significant interest in composite structures reinforced with GPLs and CNTs.Incorporating these nanofillers into matrix materials markedly enhances the mechanical properties of the structures.To further improve efficiency and functionality,func-tionally graded(FG)distributions of CNTs and GPLs have been proposed.This study presents an extensive review of computational approaches developed to predict the global behavior of composite structural components enhanced with CNT and GPL nanofillers.The analysis focuses on key structural elements,such as plate-type configurations,cylindrical and curved shells,and beams,emphasizing the computational techniques utilized to simulate their mechanical behavior.The utilization of three-dimensional elasticity theories and equivalent single-layer(ESL)frameworks,which are widely employed in the modeling and analysis of these composites,is comprehensively discussed.Additionally,the paper examines various mechanical performance aspects,including static,buckling,post-buckling,vibrational,and dynamic responses for the mentioned structures.The unique features of hybrid nanocomposites,combining CNTs and GPLs,are also analyzed.Furthermore,the study delves into the fabrication and processing techniques of these materials,with a particular focus on strategies to mitigate nanofiller agglomeration.The review extends to cover thermal and electrical properties,durability under environmental exposure,fatigue resistance,and vibration-damping characteristics.In conclusion,the paper underscores the necessity for ongoing advancements in computational modeling to facilitate improved design,analysis,and optimization of nanocomposite structures.Future research opportunities in this rapidly advancing domain are also outlined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42302106 and 42102089)National Foundation for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(Guizhou[2024]043)Innovation and Development Fund of Science and Technology of Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2025-1).
文摘The world-class Jiaodong gold province in the North China Craton hosts over 5000 t of Au resource and is characterized by abundant visible gold mineralization.However,the critical processes controlling the formation of visible gold in this province remain poorly understood.To solve this problem,integrated microtextural,trace elemental,and sulfur isotopic analyses of pyrite from the high-grade Linglong gold deposit in the Jiaodong gold province were conducted in this study.Two distinct pyrite types were identified within auriferous quartz-sulfide veins:(1)Py1 aggregates in quartz-pyrite veins(hydrothermal stageⅡ),and(2)euhedral to subhedral,coarse-grained Py2 crystals in quartz-polymetallic sulfide veins(hydrothermal stageⅢ).Microtextural and elemental analyses revealed that visible gold predominantly occurs as intergranular particles between primary pyrite crystals within Py1 aggregates.The Py1 exhibits complex microtextures with abundant mineral inclusions of polymetallic sulfides and has low concentrations of Au(median:0.032 ppm)with a narrowδ^(34)S range(4.86‰-6.75‰),indicative of rapid crystallization under unstable,disequilibrium conditions.By contrast,the Py2 is texturally homogeneous and contains higher Au concentrations(median:0.304 ppm)with progressively increasingδ^(34)S values(5.25‰-10.14‰)over time,suggesting slow crystal growth under more stable,near-equilibrium conditions.Based on the microtextural and geochemical information,it is proposed that fluid boiling occurred only during the hydrothermal stage Ⅱ,which resulted in the unstable physicochemical environment and rapid deposition of gold.During the boiling processes,gold colloids likely occurred and promoted the formation of visible gold.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3303501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.52176041 and 12102308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Project Nos.2042023kf0208 and 2042023kf0159).
文摘Verification and validation(V&V)is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors,but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an asymptotic range.Hence,a new V&V approach for large eddy simulation(LES)is proposed.This approach offers a viable solution for the error estimation of simulation data that are unable to satisfy the asymptotic range.The simulation errors of cavitating flow around a projectile near the free surface are assessed using the new V&V method.The evident error values are primarily dispersed around the cavity region and free surface.The increasingly intense cavitating flow increases the error magnitudes.In addition,the modeling error magnitudes of the Dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model are substantially smaller than that of the Smagorinsky-Lilly model.The present V&V method can capture the decrease in the modeling errors due to model enhancements,further exhibiting its applicability in cavitating flow simulations.Moreover,the monitoring points where the simulation data are beyond the asymptotic range are primarily dispersed near the cavity region,and the number of such points grows as the cavitating flow intensifies.The simulation outcomes also suggest that the re-entrant jet and shedding cavity collapse are the chief sources of vorticity motions,which remarkably affect the simulation accuracy.The results of this study provide a valuable reference for V&V research.
