Amide ionic liquids （MLs）/L-proline synergistic catalyzed Mannich reactions of isovaleraldehyde, methyl ketones, and aromatic amines were carried out in moderate to high yields （ up to 96% ） and high stereo select...Amide ionic liquids （MLs）/L-proline synergistic catalyzed Mannich reactions of isovaleraldehyde, methyl ketones, and aromatic amines were carried out in moderate to high yields （ up to 96% ） and high stereo selectivities （ 〉99% e. e. ）. The products were easily isolated by extraction; and the catalyst system was readily recycled at least thrice without significant loss of efficiency. The scope of the substrates was studied and the interpretation of the manifest improvement of the reaction rates and enantio-selectivity of the novel catalyst system was speculated.展开更多
A series of novel aromatic poly ( amide imide)s containing phthalazinone moieties were prepared from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[3-methyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)-2,3-phthalazinone-1], a novel diamine 1 with four diimide-dicarboxy...A series of novel aromatic poly ( amide imide)s containing phthalazinone moieties were prepared from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[3-methyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)-2,3-phthalazinone-1], a novel diamine 1 with four diimide-dicarboxylic acids by Yamazaki phosphorylation method with the inherent viscosity of 0.36~0.65 dL/g. These polymers had high glass transition temperatures above 300C and they lost 10% weight between 426~475C in N2. The structure of diamine 1 and the polymers was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and MS. The obtained polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as NMP, m-cresol etc. and easily cast into tough, flexible films. The X-ray indicated that they are all amorphous.展开更多
The direct polymerization of an unsymmetrical kink non-coplanar heterocyclic diamine (1) with various aromatic bis(trimellitimide)s (2a-e) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents could generate a s...The direct polymerization of an unsymmetrical kink non-coplanar heterocyclic diamine (1) with various aromatic bis(trimellitimide)s (2a-e) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents could generate a series of new aromatic poly(amide imide)s (3a-e) containing the kink non-coplanar phthalazinone heterocyclic units in the polymer main chains with inherent viscosities of 0.58-0.66 dL/g. The polymers are readily soluble in a variety of solvents such as N,N- dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, pyridine and m-cresol and can be cast to form flexible and tough films. The glass transition temperatures of polymers (Tg) are in the range of 301-327°C, and the temperatures for 5% weight loss in nitrogen are in the range of 498-521 'C.展开更多
The synthesis and characterization of a series of novel poly(aryl amide imide)s based on o diphenyltrimellitic anhydride are described.The poly(aryl amide imide)s having inherent viscosities of 0.39-1.43dL/g in N m...The synthesis and characterization of a series of novel poly(aryl amide imide)s based on o diphenyltrimellitic anhydride are described.The poly(aryl amide imide)s having inherent viscosities of 0.39-1.43dL/g in N methyl 2 pyrrolidinone at 30℃,were prepared by polymerization with aromatic diamines in N,N-dimethylacetamide and subsequent chemical imidization.All the polymers were amorphous,readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as DMAC,NMP,DMF,DMSO,and m cresol,and could be cast to form flexible and tough films.The glass trsanition temperatures were in the range of 284-336℃,and the temperatures for 5% weight loss in nitrogen were above 468℃.展开更多
（S）-（＋）-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide is a key intermediate of Cilastatin, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I. Its corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial...（S）-（＋）-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide is a key intermediate of Cilastatin, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I. Its corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies. The solubilities of （S）-（＋）-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide in toluene, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and pure water at different temperature were measured using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation.The calculated values were good in agreement with the experimental values.展开更多
(S)-(+)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide is a key intermediate of Cilastatin, an inhibitor of de- hydropeptidase-I. Its corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial de...(S)-(+)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide is a key intermediate of Cilastatin, an inhibitor of de- hydropeptidase-I. Its corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies. The solubilities of (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide in toluene, di- chloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and pure water at different temperature were measured us- ing the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation. The calculated values were good in agreement with the experimental values.展开更多
An efficient route for the palladium-catalyzed reductive aminocarbonylation of olefins with nitroarenes was developed using carbon monoxide(CO)as both reductant and carbonyl source,which enables facile access to amide...An efficient route for the palladium-catalyzed reductive aminocarbonylation of olefins with nitroarenes was developed using carbon monoxide(CO)as both reductant and carbonyl source,which enables facile access to amides with excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope.It is found that the counter anions of the Pd catalyst precursors significantly affect the reaction chemoselectivity and amide regioselectivity.Branched amides were mainly obtained with K2PdCl4 as the metal catalyst,and phosphine ligands had no influence on the regioselectivity but affected the catalytic reactivity.However,phosphine ligands had significant effects on aminocarbonylation regioselectivity when Pd(CH3CN)4(OTf)2 was used;monodentate phosphines tended to form branched amides,and bidentate phosphines mainly formed linear amides.Trapping experiments,primary kinetic studies,and control reactions with all possible N-species reduced from nitroarene indicated that the catalytic synthesis of branched and linear amides produced nitrene(further converted to enamide)and aniline,respectively,different from the previous ligand-controlled regioselective synthesis of amides via the aminocarbonylation of olefins with amines.Furthermore,the proposed synthesis route could be applied in the synthesis of gram-scale propanil under mild conditions.展开更多
α-Chiral amides are common in pharmaceuticals,agrochemicals,natural products,and peptides,prompting the need for new synthetic methods.Here,we introduce a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amidation method to syn...α-Chiral amides are common in pharmaceuticals,agrochemicals,natural products,and peptides,prompting the need for new synthetic methods.Here,we introduce a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amidation method to synthesizeα-chiral amides from benzyl ammonium salts and isocyanates.The key to success is using a chiral 2,2-bipyridine ligand(-)-Ph-SBpy,enabling high yield(up to 95%)and enantiomeric ratio(up to 98:2 er)under mild conditions.Addition of phenol prevents isocyanate polymerization by reversibly forming a carbamate intermediate,enhancing selectivity and efficiency.The synthetic utility is showcased through transformations of the enantioenriched amides,and the mechanism and enantioselectivity are supported by experimental and computational studies.展开更多
A facile one-pot strategy for the synthesis ofα,β-unsaturated amides via an I_(2)/t-butylhydroperoxide(TBHP)-mediated oxidative system has been reported.The methodology achieves efficient construction of a series of...A facile one-pot strategy for the synthesis ofα,β-unsaturated amides via an I_(2)/t-butylhydroperoxide(TBHP)-mediated oxidative system has been reported.The methodology achieves efficient construction of a series ofα,β-unsaturated amides through oxidative coupling of allylbenzenes with N,N-dialkylformamides under mild conditions.Notably,N,N-dialkylformamides serve as both solvents and reactants in this protocol,significantly enhancing the atom economy of transformation.展开更多
The amide moiety plays an important role as a powerful bioactive backbone,and as the synthetic chemistry community moves toward more sp^(3)-rich scaffolds,alkyl halides have become the feedstock of choice for obtainin...The amide moiety plays an important role as a powerful bioactive backbone,and as the synthetic chemistry community moves toward more sp^(3)-rich scaffolds,alkyl halides have become the feedstock of choice for obtaining carbonylation products.With the development of photoredox catalysis,several aminocarbonylation systems for alkyl halides were developed which usually require transition metal catalysis.Considering the demands for green sustainable chemical synthesis,here we report a metal-free,exogenous catalyst-free aminocarbonylation reaction of alkyl iodides under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide.Through a combination of EDA and XAT strategies,the reaction occurs efficiently under only light irradiation at room temperature.展开更多
Carboxylic acid derivatives withα-quaternary carbon center are one of the most ubiquitous moieties in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.Hence,novel and efficient synthetic methods towards carboxylic acid derivatives ...Carboxylic acid derivatives withα-quaternary carbon center are one of the most ubiquitous moieties in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.Hence,novel and efficient synthetic methods towards carboxylic acid derivatives withα-quaternary carbon remain in high demand.However,most of the precursors of these complex compounds are not easy to prepare.Reported herein is a carbonylative five-component synthesis of amides and esters withα-quaternary carbon center enabled by palladium catalysis from abundant acrylonitrile,carbon monoxide,fluoroalkyl halides,and nucleophiles.Diverse amides and esters withα-quaternary carbon which contain difluoromethyl or perfluoroalkyl moiety were prepared in good to excellent yields,providing an efficient synthetic platform for sequential transformations.展开更多
Chiral N-substituted amino amides and esters are ubiquitous scaffolds in pesticides and pharmaceutical chemicals,but their asymmetric synthesis remains challenging especially for those with multiple chiral centers.In ...Chiral N-substituted amino amides and esters are ubiquitous scaffolds in pesticides and pharmaceutical chemicals,but their asymmetric synthesis remains challenging especially for those with multiple chiral centers.In this study,IR104 from Streptomyces aureocirculatus was identified from 157 wild-type imine reductases for the synthesis of(S)-2-((R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide(antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam)via dynamic kinetic resolution reductive amination from ethyl 3-formylhexanoate and(S)-2-aminobutylamide with high diastereoselectivity.To further improve the catalytic efficiency of IR104,its mutant D191E/L195I/E253S/M258A(M3)was identified by saturation mutagenesis and iterative combinatorial mutagenesis,which exhibited a 102-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency relative to that of wild-type enzyme and high diastereoselectivity(98:2 d.r.).Crystal structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations provided some insights into the molecular basis for the improved activity of the mutant enzyme.The imine reductase identified in this study could accept chiral amino amides/esters as amino donors for the dynamic kinetic resolution reductive amination of racemicα-substituted aldehydo-esters,expanding the substrate scope of imine reductases in the dynamic kinetic resolution-reductive amination.Finally,IR104-M3 was successfully used for the preparation of Brivaracetam at gram scale.Using this mutant,various N-substituted amino amides/esters with two chiral centers were also synthesized with up to 99:1 d.r.and 96%yields and subsequently converted intoγ-andδ-lactams,providing an efficient protocol for the synthesis of these important compounds via enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution-reductive amination from simple building blocks.展开更多
A visible light-promoted fast photochemical Wolff rearrangement was developed toward synthesis ofα-substituted amides in continuous flow with the use of a photochemical oscillatory flow reactor(POFR).The control expe...A visible light-promoted fast photochemical Wolff rearrangement was developed toward synthesis ofα-substituted amides in continuous flow with the use of a photochemical oscillatory flow reactor(POFR).The control experiment indicates that a fast process of the Wolff rearrangement(<40 s)is involved.Notably,this protocol does not require excess use of any reactants,and the resultingα-substituted amides could be isolated by recrystallization in good to excellent yields.展开更多
Psychiatric disorders have emerged as significant contributors to the global burden of disease in recent decades.The endocannabinoid system(ECS)influences a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes,incl...Psychiatric disorders have emerged as significant contributors to the global burden of disease in recent decades.The endocannabinoid system(ECS)influences a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes,including nociception,cognition,appetite,memory,and behavior,serving as a crucial mediator in psychiatric disorders.Imaging the ECS provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders and enhances clinical management strategies.As an advanced noninvasive molecular imaging modality,positron emission tomography(PET)enables the in vivo exploration of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels.Recent advancements have led to the development of numerous PET tracers that target various components of the ECS,offering opportunities to visualize,characterize,and quantify ECS activity in psychiatric disorders in vivo.In this review,we summarize the existing PET tracers for ECS imaging and discuss their applications in diverse psychiatric conditions,including cannabis use disorder,alcohol use disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,schizophrenia,and eating disorders.展开更多
Five 1,4-dihydrothieno[3＇,2＇：5,6]thiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxylic amide derivatives were synthesized from 2- mercaptothiophene via a six-step procedure. The prepared compounds were initially evaluated for the...Five 1,4-dihydrothieno[3＇,2＇：5,6]thiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxylic amide derivatives were synthesized from 2- mercaptothiophene via a six-step procedure. The prepared compounds were initially evaluated for their antiprolifemtive activity using the estrogen receptors expressing MCF-7 human mammary tumor cell line in vitro. All of the prepared compounds showed moderate anti-tumor activity.展开更多
The amide A band of protein is sensitive to the hydrogen bands of amide groups of proteins. However, it is hard to distinguish the amide A band of aqueous protein in situ directly, since it overlaps with O-H stretchin...The amide A band of protein is sensitive to the hydrogen bands of amide groups of proteins. However, it is hard to distinguish the amide A band of aqueous protein in situ directly, since it overlaps with O-H stretching vibration of water. In this work, we presented a new analytical method of Raman ratio spectrum, which can extract the amide A band of proteins in water. To obtain the Raman ratio spectrum, the Raman spectrum of aqueous protein was divided by that of pure water. A mathematical simulation was employed to examine whether Raman ratio spectrum is effective. Two kinds of protein, lysozyme and （^-chymotrypsin were employed. The amide A bands of them in water were extracted from Raman ratio spectra. Additionally, the process of thermal denaturation of lysozyme was detected from Raman ratio spectrum. These results demonstrated the Raman ratio spectra could be employed to study the amide A modes of proteins in water.展开更多
The widespread use of chemical herbicides especially amide herbicides has promoted the innovation of chemical weeding in farmland, but amide herbicides have brought invisible chemical injuries to crops in addition to ...The widespread use of chemical herbicides especially amide herbicides has promoted the innovation of chemical weeding in farmland, but amide herbicides have brought invisible chemical injuries to crops in addition to weeding. Herbi-cidesafeners should be applied at the same time with herbicides to ensure herbi- cides will not injure crops while controlling weeds. The research and application of safeners is of great significance to resolving or alleviating the negative effects of herbicides on crop growth. The overview, mechanism, applied research progress and existing problems of amide herbicides and their safenars are summarized.展开更多
Peptidyl epoxyketones were potential antitumor agents due to their 20S proteasome inhibitory activities. Based on their structures and special inhibitory mechanism, a series of compounds were designed by linking the e...Peptidyl epoxyketones were potential antitumor agents due to their 20S proteasome inhibitory activities. Based on their structures and special inhibitory mechanism, a series of compounds were designed by linking the epoxyketone moiety （the Cterminal pharmacophore） and the peptide backbones. To make these compounds, we used a novel method to prepare the terminal α,β-unsaturated ketone, the crucial intermediate, from Weinreb amide with satisfactory yield （62%-65%）.展开更多
Natural bioactive compounds from plants are of great importance in modern therapeutics,which are used to prepare antibiotics, growth supplements or some other therapeutics. Ltheanine is such a bioactive amide amino ac...Natural bioactive compounds from plants are of great importance in modern therapeutics,which are used to prepare antibiotics, growth supplements or some other therapeutics. Ltheanine is such a bioactive amide amino acid presented in different plants and fungi,especially in tea. Theanine has influential effects on lifestyle associated diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, stress relief, tumor suppression,menstruation and liver injury. This amino acid can maintain normal sleep and improve memory function and nullify effect of the neurotoxins. The rate of bioavailability and its medium of ingestion in the body is one of the great concerns for its additional antioxidant properties. Pharmacokinetics of the bioactive compound and its mode of action are described herewith. The biosynthesis and industrial synthesis are also reviewed to promote accelerated production of this bioactive compound in the pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
Ursolic acid was modified at C3 and C28 position to obtain fourteen derivatives including twelve novel compounds, and their chemical structures were characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and MS. Cell growth inhibitory effects ...Ursolic acid was modified at C3 and C28 position to obtain fourteen derivatives including twelve novel compounds, and their chemical structures were characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and MS. Cell growth inhibitory effects of the derivatives against Hela cell were evaluated by MTT assay. All these derivatives were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory than their parent compound, ursolic acid. The derivatives with a substituted acetyl group at C3 hydroxyl group show better activities than those with an unsubstituted hydroxyl group.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 20576026)State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology(No 200402)+2 种基金Science & Technology Office of Hebei Province(No 04213036)Foundation of HebeiUniversity of Science and Technology(No XL2006021)Environmental Engineering Key Subject of Hebei Province
文摘Amide ionic liquids （MLs）/L-proline synergistic catalyzed Mannich reactions of isovaleraldehyde, methyl ketones, and aromatic amines were carried out in moderate to high yields （ up to 96% ） and high stereo selectivities （ 〉99% e. e. ）. The products were easily isolated by extraction; and the catalyst system was readily recycled at least thrice without significant loss of efficiency. The scope of the substrates was studied and the interpretation of the manifest improvement of the reaction rates and enantio-selectivity of the novel catalyst system was speculated.
文摘A series of novel aromatic poly ( amide imide)s containing phthalazinone moieties were prepared from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[3-methyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)-2,3-phthalazinone-1], a novel diamine 1 with four diimide-dicarboxylic acids by Yamazaki phosphorylation method with the inherent viscosity of 0.36~0.65 dL/g. These polymers had high glass transition temperatures above 300C and they lost 10% weight between 426~475C in N2. The structure of diamine 1 and the polymers was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and MS. The obtained polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as NMP, m-cresol etc. and easily cast into tough, flexible films. The X-ray indicated that they are all amorphous.
基金This work was supported by the Key Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (E0320003).
文摘The direct polymerization of an unsymmetrical kink non-coplanar heterocyclic diamine (1) with various aromatic bis(trimellitimide)s (2a-e) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents could generate a series of new aromatic poly(amide imide)s (3a-e) containing the kink non-coplanar phthalazinone heterocyclic units in the polymer main chains with inherent viscosities of 0.58-0.66 dL/g. The polymers are readily soluble in a variety of solvents such as N,N- dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, pyridine and m-cresol and can be cast to form flexible and tough films. The glass transition temperatures of polymers (Tg) are in the range of 301-327°C, and the temperatures for 5% weight loss in nitrogen are in the range of 498-521 'C.
文摘The synthesis and characterization of a series of novel poly(aryl amide imide)s based on o diphenyltrimellitic anhydride are described.The poly(aryl amide imide)s having inherent viscosities of 0.39-1.43dL/g in N methyl 2 pyrrolidinone at 30℃,were prepared by polymerization with aromatic diamines in N,N-dimethylacetamide and subsequent chemical imidization.All the polymers were amorphous,readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as DMAC,NMP,DMF,DMSO,and m cresol,and could be cast to form flexible and tough films.The glass trsanition temperatures were in the range of 284-336℃,and the temperatures for 5% weight loss in nitrogen were above 468℃.
文摘（S）-（＋）-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide is a key intermediate of Cilastatin, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I. Its corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies. The solubilities of （S）-（＋）-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide in toluene, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and pure water at different temperature were measured using the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation.The calculated values were good in agreement with the experimental values.
文摘(S)-(+)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide is a key intermediate of Cilastatin, an inhibitor of de- hydropeptidase-I. Its corresponding solid-liquid equilibrium data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies. The solubilities of (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carbox amide in toluene, di- chloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and pure water at different temperature were measured us- ing the synthetic method by a laser monitoring observation technique. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation. The calculated values were good in agreement with the experimental values.
文摘An efficient route for the palladium-catalyzed reductive aminocarbonylation of olefins with nitroarenes was developed using carbon monoxide(CO)as both reductant and carbonyl source,which enables facile access to amides with excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope.It is found that the counter anions of the Pd catalyst precursors significantly affect the reaction chemoselectivity and amide regioselectivity.Branched amides were mainly obtained with K2PdCl4 as the metal catalyst,and phosphine ligands had no influence on the regioselectivity but affected the catalytic reactivity.However,phosphine ligands had significant effects on aminocarbonylation regioselectivity when Pd(CH3CN)4(OTf)2 was used;monodentate phosphines tended to form branched amides,and bidentate phosphines mainly formed linear amides.Trapping experiments,primary kinetic studies,and control reactions with all possible N-species reduced from nitroarene indicated that the catalytic synthesis of branched and linear amides produced nitrene(further converted to enamide)and aniline,respectively,different from the previous ligand-controlled regioselective synthesis of amides via the aminocarbonylation of olefins with amines.Furthermore,the proposed synthesis route could be applied in the synthesis of gram-scale propanil under mild conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22150410339,W2432012,22301233 and 22171218)the Ministry of Science and Technology China(No.wgxz2022188)。
文摘α-Chiral amides are common in pharmaceuticals,agrochemicals,natural products,and peptides,prompting the need for new synthetic methods.Here,we introduce a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amidation method to synthesizeα-chiral amides from benzyl ammonium salts and isocyanates.The key to success is using a chiral 2,2-bipyridine ligand(-)-Ph-SBpy,enabling high yield(up to 95%)and enantiomeric ratio(up to 98:2 er)under mild conditions.Addition of phenol prevents isocyanate polymerization by reversibly forming a carbamate intermediate,enhancing selectivity and efficiency.The synthetic utility is showcased through transformations of the enantioenriched amides,and the mechanism and enantioselectivity are supported by experimental and computational studies.
文摘A facile one-pot strategy for the synthesis ofα,β-unsaturated amides via an I_(2)/t-butylhydroperoxide(TBHP)-mediated oxidative system has been reported.The methodology achieves efficient construction of a series ofα,β-unsaturated amides through oxidative coupling of allylbenzenes with N,N-dialkylformamides under mild conditions.Notably,N,N-dialkylformamides serve as both solvents and reactants in this protocol,significantly enhancing the atom economy of transformation.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507500)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.028GJHZ2023045FN)。
文摘The amide moiety plays an important role as a powerful bioactive backbone,and as the synthetic chemistry community moves toward more sp^(3)-rich scaffolds,alkyl halides have become the feedstock of choice for obtaining carbonylation products.With the development of photoredox catalysis,several aminocarbonylation systems for alkyl halides were developed which usually require transition metal catalysis.Considering the demands for green sustainable chemical synthesis,here we report a metal-free,exogenous catalyst-free aminocarbonylation reaction of alkyl iodides under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide.Through a combination of EDA and XAT strategies,the reaction occurs efficiently under only light irradiation at room temperature.
基金the financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507500)DICP。
文摘Carboxylic acid derivatives withα-quaternary carbon center are one of the most ubiquitous moieties in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.Hence,novel and efficient synthetic methods towards carboxylic acid derivatives withα-quaternary carbon remain in high demand.However,most of the precursors of these complex compounds are not easy to prepare.Reported herein is a carbonylative five-component synthesis of amides and esters withα-quaternary carbon center enabled by palladium catalysis from abundant acrylonitrile,carbon monoxide,fluoroalkyl halides,and nucleophiles.Diverse amides and esters withα-quaternary carbon which contain difluoromethyl or perfluoroalkyl moiety were prepared in good to excellent yields,providing an efficient synthetic platform for sequential transformations.
文摘Chiral N-substituted amino amides and esters are ubiquitous scaffolds in pesticides and pharmaceutical chemicals,but their asymmetric synthesis remains challenging especially for those with multiple chiral centers.In this study,IR104 from Streptomyces aureocirculatus was identified from 157 wild-type imine reductases for the synthesis of(S)-2-((R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide(antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam)via dynamic kinetic resolution reductive amination from ethyl 3-formylhexanoate and(S)-2-aminobutylamide with high diastereoselectivity.To further improve the catalytic efficiency of IR104,its mutant D191E/L195I/E253S/M258A(M3)was identified by saturation mutagenesis and iterative combinatorial mutagenesis,which exhibited a 102-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency relative to that of wild-type enzyme and high diastereoselectivity(98:2 d.r.).Crystal structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations provided some insights into the molecular basis for the improved activity of the mutant enzyme.The imine reductase identified in this study could accept chiral amino amides/esters as amino donors for the dynamic kinetic resolution reductive amination of racemicα-substituted aldehydo-esters,expanding the substrate scope of imine reductases in the dynamic kinetic resolution-reductive amination.Finally,IR104-M3 was successfully used for the preparation of Brivaracetam at gram scale.Using this mutant,various N-substituted amino amides/esters with two chiral centers were also synthesized with up to 99:1 d.r.and 96%yields and subsequently converted intoγ-andδ-lactams,providing an efficient protocol for the synthesis of these important compounds via enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution-reductive amination from simple building blocks.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208279)Financial support from the Fuzhou University(No.0041/511095)。
文摘A visible light-promoted fast photochemical Wolff rearrangement was developed toward synthesis ofα-substituted amides in continuous flow with the use of a photochemical oscillatory flow reactor(POFR).The control experiment indicates that a fast process of the Wolff rearrangement(<40 s)is involved.Notably,this protocol does not require excess use of any reactants,and the resultingα-substituted amides could be isolated by recrystallization in good to excellent yields.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0118000,2021YFA1101700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030049,32027802,82394433,82361148130,and 82302262)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LMS25H180002)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20251313)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(226-2024-00059).
文摘Psychiatric disorders have emerged as significant contributors to the global burden of disease in recent decades.The endocannabinoid system(ECS)influences a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes,including nociception,cognition,appetite,memory,and behavior,serving as a crucial mediator in psychiatric disorders.Imaging the ECS provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders and enhances clinical management strategies.As an advanced noninvasive molecular imaging modality,positron emission tomography(PET)enables the in vivo exploration of biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels.Recent advancements have led to the development of numerous PET tracers that target various components of the ECS,offering opportunities to visualize,characterize,and quantify ECS activity in psychiatric disorders in vivo.In this review,we summarize the existing PET tracers for ECS imaging and discuss their applications in diverse psychiatric conditions,including cannabis use disorder,alcohol use disorder,post-traumatic stress disorder,schizophrenia,and eating disorders.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20474053)
文摘Five 1,4-dihydrothieno[3＇,2＇：5,6]thiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxylic amide derivatives were synthesized from 2- mercaptothiophene via a six-step procedure. The prepared compounds were initially evaluated for their antiprolifemtive activity using the estrogen receptors expressing MCF-7 human mammary tumor cell line in vitro. All of the prepared compounds showed moderate anti-tumor activity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.91127042, No.21103158, No.21273211, No.21473171）, the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation （No.2013CB834602 and No.2010CB923300）, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （No.7215623603）, and the Hua-shan Mountain Scholar Program. We also thank Doctor Kang-zhen Tian and Professor Shu-ji Ye for the measurement of IR spectra of aqueous lysozyme.
文摘The amide A band of protein is sensitive to the hydrogen bands of amide groups of proteins. However, it is hard to distinguish the amide A band of aqueous protein in situ directly, since it overlaps with O-H stretching vibration of water. In this work, we presented a new analytical method of Raman ratio spectrum, which can extract the amide A band of proteins in water. To obtain the Raman ratio spectrum, the Raman spectrum of aqueous protein was divided by that of pure water. A mathematical simulation was employed to examine whether Raman ratio spectrum is effective. Two kinds of protein, lysozyme and （^-chymotrypsin were employed. The amide A bands of them in water were extracted from Raman ratio spectra. Additionally, the process of thermal denaturation of lysozyme was detected from Raman ratio spectrum. These results demonstrated the Raman ratio spectra could be employed to study the amide A modes of proteins in water.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303031)Strategic Emerging Industries Key Technology and Major Science and Technology Achievement Transformation in Hunan Province(2014GK1040)~~
文摘The widespread use of chemical herbicides especially amide herbicides has promoted the innovation of chemical weeding in farmland, but amide herbicides have brought invisible chemical injuries to crops in addition to weeding. Herbi-cidesafeners should be applied at the same time with herbicides to ensure herbi- cides will not injure crops while controlling weeds. The research and application of safeners is of great significance to resolving or alleviating the negative effects of herbicides on crop growth. The overview, mechanism, applied research progress and existing problems of amide herbicides and their safenars are summarized.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30772650 and 20772008)
文摘Peptidyl epoxyketones were potential antitumor agents due to their 20S proteasome inhibitory activities. Based on their structures and special inhibitory mechanism, a series of compounds were designed by linking the epoxyketone moiety （the Cterminal pharmacophore） and the peptide backbones. To make these compounds, we used a novel method to prepare the terminal α,β-unsaturated ketone, the crucial intermediate, from Weinreb amide with satisfactory yield （62%-65%）.
文摘Natural bioactive compounds from plants are of great importance in modern therapeutics,which are used to prepare antibiotics, growth supplements or some other therapeutics. Ltheanine is such a bioactive amide amino acid presented in different plants and fungi,especially in tea. Theanine has influential effects on lifestyle associated diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, stress relief, tumor suppression,menstruation and liver injury. This amino acid can maintain normal sleep and improve memory function and nullify effect of the neurotoxins. The rate of bioavailability and its medium of ingestion in the body is one of the great concerns for its additional antioxidant properties. Pharmacokinetics of the bioactive compound and its mode of action are described herewith. The biosynthesis and industrial synthesis are also reviewed to promote accelerated production of this bioactive compound in the pharmaceutical industries.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China (No.20042009)Science and Technology Foundation of Shenyang City of China(No.20050785)
文摘Ursolic acid was modified at C3 and C28 position to obtain fourteen derivatives including twelve novel compounds, and their chemical structures were characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and MS. Cell growth inhibitory effects of the derivatives against Hela cell were evaluated by MTT assay. All these derivatives were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory than their parent compound, ursolic acid. The derivatives with a substituted acetyl group at C3 hydroxyl group show better activities than those with an unsubstituted hydroxyl group.
